Artykuły w czasopismach: „ICOLL”

1

Gale, Emma, Charitha Pattiaratchi i Roshanka Ranasinghe. "Processes driving circulation, exchange and flushing within intermittently closing and opening lakes and lagoons". Marine and Freshwater Research 58, nr 8 (2007): 709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf06121.

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The circulation and exchange between two intermittently closing and opening lakes and lagoons (ICOLLs) and the ocean were analysed using salinity and current meter data. Wamberal Lagoon was shallow (~2.5 m maximum depth) with a small (<1 km2) waterway area and a short opening duration (2 weeks), and Smiths Lake was deeper (~5 m maximum depth) with a larger (~11 km2) waterway area and a longer opening duration (4 months). An absence of river inflow and a restricted sill type inlet channel characterised both systems. The results showed that the smaller ICOLL exhibited a salinity structure similar to a partially or well-mixed estuary, whereas the larger ICOLL exhibited stronger separation of flow with a salt wedge-type structure. Both ICOLLs had strong current velocities in the surface water during ebb tide. The results also demonstrated that tidal effects controlled the circulation and exchange in the smaller ICOLL, whilst the wind also had a significant influence. In the larger ICOLL, subtidal effects over the fortnightly tidal cycle significantly influenced the circulation and exchange, but the influence of tide and wind effects was weaker. An analysis of the flushing for the two ICOLLs illustrated that the timescales were an order of magnitude different but comparable to the duration of opening for each ICOLL, ranging from 4 days in the smaller ICOLL (Wamberal Lagoon) to 113 days in the larger ICOLL (Smiths Lake). This research suggests that intermittent estuarine systems may be quite complex and variable within the same regional area, and consequently throughout the world.

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Suara, Kabir, Neda Mardani, Helen Fairweather, Adrian McCallum, Chris Allan, Roy Sidle i Richard Brown. "Observation of the Dynamics and Horizontal Dispersion in a Shallow Intermittently Closed and Open Lake and Lagoon (ICOLL)". Water 10, nr 6 (13.06.2018): 776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10060776.

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Souza, Luiz A. de, Luiz A. F. da Silva, Benito J. N. A. de Oliveira, Elisângela de P. S. Lacerda, Marcelo E. Beletti, Aliny P. de Lima, Tais Andrade Dias i Duvaldo Eurides. "Método imunomagnético associado ao meio MesenCult® na obtenção de células mononucleares da medula óssea de coelhos negativas para o anticorpo monoclonal CD45". Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36, nr 4 (kwiecień 2016): 339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2016000400014.

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Resumo O objetivo detse artigo é de descrever um protocolo de isolamento das células mononucleares da medula óssea de coelhos, seguido de purificação celular por depleção negativa com o anticorpo monoclonal CD45 e posterior expansão em meio de cultura MesenCult®. Dez coelhos machos adultos, da raça Nova Zelândia, com idade média de 1,0±0,2 anos e peso médio 3,5±0,24kg, foram utilizados para padronização da metodologia. O isolamento das células mononuclares da medula óssea foi realizado pelo gradiente de densidade Ficoll-paque® e a purificação e obtenção das células- pela depleção negativa com o anticorpo monoclonal CD45 em base imunomagnética. A população celular obtida foi expandida posteriormente em meio de cultura MesenCult®. No isolamento pelo gradiente de icoll-Paque® foi obtido um rendimento médio de 7,31x106 células/mL. Após purificação e obtenção das possíveis células-tronco mesenquimais pela base imunomagnética, houve um decréscimo do rendimento para 2,28x106 células/mL, mas o processo de expansão foi incrementado pelo cultivo celular. Os resultados indicaram que as células obtidas da fração mononuclear da medula óssea, cultivadas in vitro foram capazes de gerar células aderentes 24 horas após o cultivo, com predominância de células fibroblastóides sugestivas de células-tronco mesenquimais. Concluiu-se que a obtenção de células-tronco mesenquimais pode ser alcançada após purificação das células mononucleares da medula óssea de coelhos pelo método imunomagético, o meio de cultura MesenCult® proporciona um ambiente adequado para a rápida expansão in vitro e o número de passagens exerce influência negativa sobre as características morfológicas das células.

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tanaka, chichiro, Manabu Fujimoto, Shinichi Sato, Kazuhiko Takehara i Minoru Hasegawa. "Role of inducible costimulator and inducible costimulator ligand in bleomycin-induced lung and skin fibrosis model (94.22)". Journal of Immunology 182, nr 1_Supplement (1.04.2009): 94.22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.182.supp.94.22.

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Abstract Inducible costimulator (ICOS) is a CD28 homolog with an expression restricted to T cells, and its only interaction partner, ICOS ligand (ICOSL), is highly expressed on B cells, macrophage, and dendritic cells. To assess the role of ICOS-ICOSL signaling pathway in tissue fibrosis, bleomycin-induced lung and skin fibrosis model was examined in mice deficient for ICOS and/or ICOSL. Daily subcutaneous injection of bleomycin induced fibrosis in the lungs and skin. The loss of ICOS improved the survival rate as a result of ameliorated inflammatory cell infiltration, collagen deposition, and proinflammatory cytokine expression. By contrast, the deficiency of ICOSL or both ICOS and ICOSL reduced the survival rate in consequence of aggravated inflammation and tissue fibrosis. Interestingly, ICOSL expression on macrophage and B cell was ~300% elevated in ICOS-deficient mice compared with wild type mice during this process. Thus, ICOSL expression levels inversely associated with the severity of this mouse model. These findings suggest that ICOSL expression on antigen presenting cells has regulatory roles independent of ICOS-ICOSL pathway for the development of bleomycin-induced tissue fibrosis.

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Bridle, Rodney. "ICOLD Embankment Dams Committee Activities, ICOLD Johannesburg, May 2016". Dams and Reservoirs 27, nr 2 (sierpień 2017): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jdare.17.00013.

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Raineri, Davide, Giuseppe Cappellano, Beatrice Vilardo, Federica Maione, Nausicaa Clemente, Elena Canciani, Elena Boggio i in. "Inducible T-Cell Costimulator Ligand Plays a Dual Role in Melanoma Metastasis upon Binding to Osteopontin or Inducible T-Cell Costimulator". Biomedicines 10, nr 1 (27.12.2021): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10010051.

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Recently, we demonstrated that inducible T-cell costimulator (ICOS) shares its unique ligand (ICOSL) with osteopontin (OPN), and OPN/ICOSL binding promotes tumor metastasis and angiogenesis in the 4T1 breast cancer model. Literature showed that OPN promotes melanoma metastasis by suppressing T-cell activation and recruiting myeloid suppressor cells (MDSC). On the opposite, ICOS/ICOSL interaction usually sustains an antitumor response. Here, we engineered murine B16F10 melanoma cells, by transfecting or silencing ICOSL. In vitro data showed that loss of ICOSL favors anchorage-independent growth and induces more metastases in vivo, compared to ICOSL expressing cells. To dissect individual roles of the three molecules, we compared data from C57BL/6 with those from OPN-KO, ICOS-KO, and ICOSL-KO mice, missing one partner at a time. We found that OPN produced by the tumor microenvironment (TME) favors the metastasis by interacting with stromal ICOSL. This activity is dominantly inhibited by ICOS expressed on TME by promoting Treg expansion. Importantly, we also show that OPN and ICOSL highly interact in human melanoma metastases compared to primary tumors. Interfering with this binding may be explored in immunotherapy either for nonresponding or patients resistant to conventional therapies.

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Luker, Andrea, Joseph Cornelius Lownik i Daniel Conrad. "ADAM10 is a novel sheddase of Inducible Costimulatory Ligand (ICOSL)." Journal of Immunology 198, nr 1_Supplement (1.05.2017): 195.18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.195.18.

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Abstract ICOSL is an important co-stimulatory molecule involved in the development of TH2 responses through germinal center reactions. Although not well defined, the regulation of ICOSL is known to occur through its interaction with ICOS. Evidence suggests surface expression levels are regulated by a catabolic event, and not through internalization. Here we confirm that regulation of ICOSL is mediated by the metalloproteinase ADAM10. Cleavage of recombinant ICOSL results in an amino-terminal fragment of approximately 3kDa, which is blocked by an ADAM10-specific inhibitor. Recombinant and cell-based cleavage assays suggest that ADAM17 can also cleave ICOSL. In vivo, we observed a ten-fold increase in ICOSL expression in ADAM10B−/− mice compared to wildtype, a phenomenon that was absent in ADAM17B−/− mice. This suggests that ADAM10 is the primary physiological sheddase of ICOSL, while ADAM17 may serve as a secondary sheddase. Additionally, ADAM10B−/− mice develop a significantly diminished T follicular helper (TFH) cell population in response to NP-KLH/alum immunization. Together, these data provide insight into the regulatory mechanism between ICOS/ICOSL and suggest ADAM10 may be a potential therapeutic target for attenuating antibody driven diseases.

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Landuyt, Ashley E., Barbara J. Klocke, Lennard W. Duck, Keri M. Kemp, Rachel Q. Muir, Melissa S. Jennings, Samuel I. Blum i in. "ICOS ligand and IL-10 synergize to promote host–microbiota mutualism". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, nr 13 (22.03.2021): e2018278118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2018278118.

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Genome-wide association studies have identified ICOSLG, which encodes the inducible costimulator ligand (ICOSLG or ICOSL) as a susceptibility locus for inflammatory bowel disease. ICOSL has been implicated in the enhancement of pattern recognition receptor signaling in dendritic cells, induction of IL-10 production by CD4 T cells, and the generation of high-affinity antibodies to specific antigens—all of which can potentially explain its involvement in gastrointestinal inflammation. Here, we show that murine ICOSL deficiency results in significant enrichment of IL-10–producing CD4 T cells particularly in the proximal large intestine. Transient depletion of IL-10–producing cells from adult ICOSL-deficient mice induced severe colonic inflammation that was prevented when mice were first treated with metronidazole. ICOSL-deficient mice displayed reduced IgA and IgG antibodies in the colon mucus and impaired serum antibody recognition of microbial antigens, including flagellins derived from mucus-associated bacteria of the Lachnospiraceae family. Confirming the synergy between ICOSL and IL-10, ICOSL deficiency coupled with CD4-specific deletion of the Il10 gene resulted in juvenile onset colitis that was impeded when pups were fostered by ICOSL-sufficient dams. In this setting, we found that both maternally acquired and host-derived antibodies contribute to the life anti-commensal antibody repertoire that mediates this protection in early life. Collectively, our findings reveal a partnership between ICOSL-dependent anti-commensal antibodies and IL-10 in adaptive immune regulation of the microbiota in the large intestine. Furthermore, we identify ICOSL deficiency as an effective platform for exploring the functions of anti-commensal antibodies in host–microbiota mutualism.

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Williamson, Tracey, Andy Hughes, Ian Hope i Rafael Monroy. "ICOLD technical tours". Dams and Reservoirs 27, nr 1 (kwiecień 2017): 2–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jdare.16.00050.

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Williamson, Tracey. "ICOLD – first impressions". Dams and Reservoirs 19, nr 4 (grudzień 2009): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/dare.2009.19.4.155.

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Wieland, Martin. "Neue ICOLD-Bulletins". WASSERWIRTSCHAFT 107, nr 2-3 (marzec 2017): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s35147-017-0019-2.

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Zheng, Biao, Guiliang Xu, Xi Chen, Ekaterina Marinova i Shuhua Han. "ICOSL-mediated signaling is essential for the survival and functional maturation of germinal center B cells through the classical NF-κB pathway (IRM10P.611)". Journal of Immunology 194, nr 1_Supplement (1.05.2015): 131.9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.194.supp.131.9.

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Abstract The molecular mechanisms by which helper T-cells support B-cell activation, survival and functional differentiation in the germinal center (GC) are not well-defined. To date, signaling through CD40 by CD40L is the only established receptor-ligand signaling pathway initiated by helper T-cells. Here we show that helper T-cells provide helper signal to B-cells through the inducible T-cell co-stimulator (ICOS)-ICOS ligand (ICOSL) interaction. We found that reverse ICOSL signaling on GC B-cells is essential and sufficient to promote GC B-cell survival and functional maturation; whereas CD40-mediated signaling plays a minor role during GC reaction, although critical in initiating the GC response. In vivo ICOSL engagement by ICOS-Ig fusion protein can rescue impaired GC formation and antibody production in ICOS-deficient mice. Various lines of ICOSL mutant mice, including pan-B cell-specific ICOSL-deficient mice, GC B cell-specific ICOSL-deficient mice, and ICOSL intra-cellular domain mutant mice, all show defective humoral response and impaired GC reaction. ICOSL reverse signaling in GC B cells is dependent on activation of the classical NF-kB signal pathway, resulting in increased BCL2, c-MYC and FOXO1 expression that supports GC B cell survival and differentiation. Thus, CD40-CD40L interaction mainly supports the initiation of GC response, whereas ICOS-ICOSL collaboration provides bi-directional signals that support the maintenance and functional maturation of GC B cells.

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Fukuda, Tetsuya, Donna S. Neuberg, Lang Huynh, Laura Z. Rassenti, Tracy L. Toy, Kanti R. Rai, Micheal J. Keating i in. "Expression of T Cell Co-Stimulator (ICOS) and Its Ligand and Disease Progression in B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia." Blood 106, nr 11 (16.11.2005): 2943. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.2943.2943.

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Abstract The interaction between T-cell costimulator, ICOS, and its ligand (ICOSL) expressed on B cells plays an important role in intercellular cognate interactions leading to lymphocyte activation. We found that a subset of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B cells express ICOS and that ligation of this receptor induced leukemia-cell activation of the PI3K/AKT survival pathway. Moreover, expression of ICOS was associated with lower-level expression of ICOSL, apparently because of receptor-ligand down-modulation. We hypothesized that co-expression of ICOS and ICOSL on CLL B cells may enhance leukemia-cell stimulation and be conducive to more aggressive clinical disease. We evaluated the CLL cells from 208 patients for expression of ICOS and ICOSL. The expression of ICOS and ICOSL were characterized by the percentage of CD19+/CD3- cells that expressed ICOS and/or ICOSL using fluorescence thresholds established via parallel analyses on the same cell populations stained with isotype control mAbs. In addition, we evaluated these CLL cells for IgVH somatic mutations and for expression of ZAP-70. We then examined the relationship between expression of ICOS and ICOSL, the IgVH mutational status, ZAP-70, and the time from diagnosis to initial therapy, as per NCI working group criteria. The median proportion of cells that expressed ICOS was 3.5% (ranging from 0.1% to 99.6%), and median proportion of cells that expressed ICOSL was 62% (ranging from 0.9% to 97.4%). Ninety cases (44%) were found to use mutated IgVH genes, whereas 118 (56%) were found to use unmutated IgVH. Unmutated cases had significantly higher expression of ICOS than mutated cases (p=0.0014, Wilcoxon test), although there was no significant difference in the level of ICOSL (p=0.47). 95 cases expressed ZAP-70, and 113 cases did not. There was a significant association between ZAP-70 expression and ICOS, p=0.0048 by the Wilcoxon test, with the cases expressing ZAP-70 having higher than expected levels of ICOS. The association with ICOSL was also significant, p=0.04, with higher than expected levels of ICOSL found in the cases that did not express ZAP-70. Next we used recursive partitioning to identify the optimal threshold for distinguishing levels of ICOS and ICOSL expression that best could discriminate the time from diagnosis to initial therapy into two groups. This revealed that 35% for ICOS and 47.7% for ICOSL were the best-cut points. Median time to treatment was 5.1 years among the patients with high ICOS expression (n=25), and 6.7 years among those with low expression. The log rank p-value associated with this difference was 0.03. Median time to treatment was 4.2 years with low ICOSL (n=76), and 7.8 years among those with high expression. The log rank p-value associated with this difference was 0.0004. The stepwise model identified as significant risk factors associated with the need for early treatment: (1) expression of ZAP-70 (hazard ratio 4.53, Wald p-value < 0.0001); (2) expression of unmutated IgVH with >=98% germline sequence homology (hazard ratio 2.56, p = 0.0014), and (3) low-level expression of ICOSL (hazard ratio 1.62, p = 0.02). Because the analysis for ICOS and ICOSL by flow cytometry is relatively straightforward, low-level expression of ICOSL may be a useful surrogate marker for high-risk disease.

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Wang, Bin, Huayong Jiang, Tingyang Zhou, Ning Ma, Wei Liu, Yajie Wang i Li Zuo. "Expression of ICOSL is associated with decreased survival in invasive breast cancer". PeerJ 7 (16.05.2019): e6903. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6903.

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Background Inducible co-stimulator (ICOS) is a CD28-related molecule exclusively expressed on activated T cells and plays a critical role in modulating the immune response in breast cancer. The blockage of ICOS pathway has been shown to inhibit the activity of Type 2 T helper cells, thus potentially protecting against cancer growth. The current study aims to investigate the correlation between inducible co-stimulator ligand (ICOSL) expression in tumor tissues and the prognoses of patients with invasive breast cancer. Methods Tumor samples from 562 Chinese patients with invasive breast carcinomas were collected between 2003 and 2010. The expression of ICOSL on breast tumor and adjacent non-cancerous tissue was determined via immunohistochemistry. The overall survival (OS) of patients with positive and negative ICOSL expression were described using Kaplan–Meier curves, respectively. Parametric correlation method was used to analyze the correlation between ICOSL expression and other clinicopathological parameters. ICOSL was selected as a dependent variable for multivariate analysis. Results Positive ICOSL expression was identified on the plasma membrane in both cytoplasm and the nucleus of breast cancer cells. Membrane-expressed ICOSL is determined as an independent prognostic factor for OS in breast cancer but without significantly correlating with other clinicopathologic parameters such as age, menopausal status, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis status, histologic classification, etc. Conclusion Our study suggests that the up-regulated expression of ICOSL protein in breast tumor cells can be associated with poor prognoses in invasive breast carcinomas.

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Richter, Guenther, Andreas Mollweide, Esther Uhlmann i Stefan Burdach. "Therapeutic Blockade of ICOS:ICOSL Interaction Alleviates Acute Graft Versus Host Disease." Blood 106, nr 11 (16.11.2005): 5237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.5237.5237.

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Abstract Inducible costimulator (ICOS) interaction with its ligand (ICOSL) is involved in several T cell effector functions. The abundant expression of ICOSL in a variety of target tissues of acute graft versus host disease (GVHD) provided the rationale to investigate its role in acute GVHD development. C57BL/6 mice were lethally irradiated and reconstituted with allogeneic spleen cells in the absence or presence of ICOSL-blocking reagents. Mice reconstituted with allogeneic spleen cells experienced 12–16% weight loss around day 4 after transplantation and died untreated of acute GVHD within 7–10 days after transplantation. Mice treated from day 3 after transplantation with an anti-ICOSL mAb gained weight again and survived for additional 18 days, although the treatment was already stopped at day 11 after transplantation. Such mice revealed less T cells in spleen at day 4 after transplantation with reduced effector activity. In contrast, the anti-ICOSL treatment starting from day 0 did not prevent GVHD. The difference between therapeutic (day 3) and prophylactic (day 0) anti-ICOSL treatment was independent of CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells since their depletion did not abrogate the therapeutic effect of ICOSL blockade. Similarly, depletion of NK cells did not improve prophylactic anti-ICOSL treatment. However, our results clearly show that delayed, i.e. therapeutic blockade of ICOS:ICOSL interaction can interfere with acute GVHD development and alleviates disease significantly in a polyclonal T cell setting.

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Sieber, Hans-Ulrich. "Treffen der Talsperrenwelt — 86. ICOLD Annual Meeting und 26. ICOLD Kongress". WASSERWIRTSCHAFT 108, nr 10 (październik 2018): 70–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s35147-018-0211-z.

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Zhang, Geng, Yi Xu, Sen Zhang i Huifang Zhou. "The ICOSL Expression Predicts Better Prognosis for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma via Enhancing Oncoimmunity". BioMed Research International 2020 (9.01.2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9756732.

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Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor with poor prognosis, high morbidity, and mortality. Currently, immunocheckpoint therapy has led to new treatment strategies for almost all cancers, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Inducible T-cell aggregation ligand (ICOSL) belongs to the b7-cd28 immunoglobulin superfamily, which is a ligand of ICOS, and also begins to draw attention for its potential usage in cancer treatment. Previous studies from our laboratory have suggested that ICOS expression in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes is correlated with beneficial outcome, but little is known about the role of ICOSL in NPC. In the current study, ICOSL expression in NPC tumor sections was stained by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and both lymphatic metastasis and distant metastasis showed decreased expression, which was negatively correlated with TNM stage of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Importantly, high ICOSL expression was significantly associated with overall survival (OS) in patients with NPC (n = 225, p<0.001), and multivariate analysis confirmed that high ICOSL expression was an independent prognostic factor. Fresh nasopharyngeal carcinoma specimens were excised, and the specific expression of cytokines was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression level of ICOSL is positively correlated with interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) concentration in tumor tissues, which is characteristic of T helper 1 (Th1) cells. Knocking down ICOSL by RNAi did not influence the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of NPC cells. Conclusively, ICOSL expression is associated with increased survival rate in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, which may be a clinical biomarker for prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

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Solinas, Cinzia, Chunyan Gu-Trantien i Karen Willard-Gallo. "The rationale behind targeting the ICOS-ICOS ligand costimulatory pathway in cancer immunotherapy". ESMO Open 5, nr 1 (styczeń 2020): e000544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/esmoopen-2019-000544.

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Inducible T cell costimulator (ICOS, cluster of differentiation (CD278)) is an activating costimulatory immune checkpoint expressed on activated T cells. Its ligand, ICOSL is expressed on antigen-presenting cells and somatic cells, including tumour cells in the tumour microenvironment. ICOS and ICOSL expression is linked to the release of soluble factors (cytokines), induced by activation of the immune response. ICOS and ICOSL binding generates various activities among the diversity of T cell subpopulations, including T cell activation and effector functions and when sustained also suppressive activities mediated by regulatory T cells. This dual role in both antitumour and protumour activities makes targeting the ICOS/ICOSL pathway attractive for enhancement of antitumour immune responses. This review summarises the biological background and rationale for targeting ICOS/ICOSL in cancer together with an overview of the principal ongoing clinical trials that are testing it in combination with anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 and anti-programmed cell death-1 or anti-programmed cell death ligand-1 based immune checkpoint blockade.

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Hinks, Jonathan, i Robin Wood. "ICOLD symposium in Sofia". Dams and Reservoirs 19, nr 2 (czerwiec 2009): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/dare.2009.19.2.86.

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Hughes, Andy. "ICOLD – Brazil May 2009". Dams and Reservoirs 19, nr 4 (grudzień 2009): 159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/dare.2009.19.4.159.

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Schulze, Mathias, i Nikolai Penner. "Construction grammar in ICALL". Computer Assisted Language Learning 21, nr 5 (19.11.2008): 427–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09588220802447727.

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Stoppa, Ian, Casimiro Luca Gigliotti, Nausicaa Clemente, Deepika Pantham, Chiara Dianzani, Chiara Monge, Chiara Puricelli i in. "ICOSL Stimulation by ICOS-Fc Accelerates Cutaneous Wound Healing In Vivo". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, nr 13 (1.07.2022): 7363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23137363.

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Background: ICOS and its ligand ICOSL are immune receptors whose interaction triggers bidirectional signals that modulate the immune response and tissue repair. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the in vivo effects of ICOSL triggering by ICOS-Fc, a recombinant soluble form of ICOS, on skin wound healing. Methods: The effect of human ICOS-Fc on wound healing was assessed, in vitro, and, in vivo, by skin wound healing assay using ICOS−/− and ICOSL−/− knockout (KO) mice and NOD-SCID-IL2R null (NSG) mice. Results: We show that, in wild type mice, treatment with ICOS-Fc improves wound healing, promotes angiogenesis, preceded by upregulation of IL-6 and VEGF expression; increases the number of fibroblasts and T cells, whereas it reduces that of neutrophils; and increases the number of M2 vs. M1 macrophages. Fittingly, ICOS-Fc enhanced M2 macrophage migration, while it hampered that of M1 macrophages. ICOS−/− and ICOSL−/− KO, and NSG mice showed delayed wound healing, and treatment with ICOS-Fc improved wound closure in ICOS−/− and NSG mice. Conclusion: These data show that the ICOS/ICOSL network cooperates in tissue repair, and that triggering of ICOSL by ICOS-Fc improves cutaneous wound healing by increasing angiogenesis and recruitment of reparative macrophages.

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Carvalheiro, Tiago, Ana Rodrigues, Ana Lopes, Luís Inês, Isabel Velada, Andreia Ribeiro, António Martinho, José A. P. Silva, Maria L. Pais i Artur Paiva. "Tolerogenic versus Inflammatory Activity of Peripheral Blood Monocytes and Dendritic Cells Subpopulations in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus". Clinical and Developmental Immunology 2012 (2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/934161.

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Abnormalities in monocytes and in peripheral blood dendritic cells (DC) subsets have been reported in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We aim to clarify the tolerogenic or inflammatory role of these cells based on ICOSL or IFN-αand chemokine mRNA expression, respectively, after cell purification. The study included 18 SLE patients with active disease (ASLE), 25 with inactive disease (ISLE), and 30 healthy controls (HG). In purified plasmacytoid DC (pDC) was observed a lower ICOSL mRNA expression in ASLE and an increase in ISLE; similarly, a lower ICOSL mRNA expression in monocytes of ALSE patients was found. However, a higher ICOSL mRNA expression was observed in ASLE compared to HG in myeloid DCs. Interestingly, clinical parameters seem to be related with ICOSL mRNA expression. Regarding the inflammatory activity it was observed in purified monocytes and CD CD16+DCs an increase of CCL2, CXCL9, and CXCL10 mRNA expression in ASLE compared to HG. In myeloid DC no differences were observed regarding chemokines, and IFN-αmRNA expression. In pDC, a higher IFN-αmRNA expression was observed in ASLE. Deviations in ICOSL, chemokine, and IFN-αmRNA expression in peripheral blood monocytes and dendritic cells subpopulations in SLE appear to be related to disease activity.

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Landuyt, Ashley E., Barbara J. Klocke, Trenton R. Schoeb i Craig L. Maynard. "Synergy between T-dependent antibodies and IL-10 limits susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease". Journal of Immunology 202, nr 1_Supplement (1.05.2019): 192.20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.192.20.

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Abstract Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic autoinflammatory conditions in which the immune system loses tolerance to gastrointestinal microbes. The role of humoral immunity in IBD is largely undefined. We examined the potential of T-dependent antibodies to prevent intestinal inflammation using mouse models of IBD. For this, we used mice without inducible T cell costimulator ligand (ICOSL). Icosl−/− mice produce significantly fewer T-dependent antibodies. When tested, we found Icosl−/− mice had similar IgA binding but significantly reduced IgG binding to mucosally-associated microbes. Additionally, Icosl−/− mice have more CD4 T cells producing IL-10, an immunosuppressive cytokine, in the colon. We hypothesized that T-dependent antibodies and IL-10 cooperatively promote intestinal homeostasis. To test this, we temporarily eliminated IL-10 producing cells from adult mice. Icosl−/−, but not wild type or IgA−/− mice, rapidly developed colitis under these conditions. This colitis could be prevented if mice were first depleted of Gram-positive or anaerobic bacterial flora. We further investigated the synergy between these T-dependent antibodies and IL-10 utilizing mice with a codeletion of CD4 T cell-derived IL-10 (Il10cKO) and ICOSL. This codeletion resulted in colitis before 28 days of age. However, fostering Icosl−/− Il10cKO mice on wild-type mothers delayed this early-onset inflammation. This suggests T-dependent antibodies conveyed through breastmilk are protective against early-onset colitis. Collectively, our results suggest that IL-10 and T-dependent antibodies toward mucosa-associated Gram-positive anaerobes continually cooperate to maintain intestinal homeostasis throughout the lifespan.

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O’Dwyer, Ronan, Marina Kovaleva, Jiquan Zhang, John Steven, Emma Cummins, Deborah Luxenberg, Alfredo Darmanin-Sheehan i in. "Anti-ICOSL New Antigen Receptor Domains Inhibit T Cell Proliferation and Reduce the Development of Inflammation in the Collagen-Induced Mouse Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis". Journal of Immunology Research 2018 (17.10.2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4089459.

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Lymphocyte costimulation plays a central role in immunology, inflammation, and immunotherapy. The inducible T cell costimulator (ICOS) is expressed on T cells following peptide: MHC engagement with CD28 costimulation. The interaction of ICOS with its sole ligand, the inducible T cell costimulatory ligand (ICOSL; also known as B7-related protein-1), triggers a number of key activities of T cells including differentiation and cytokine production. Suppression of T cell activation can be achieved by blocking this interaction and has been shown to be an effective means of ameliorating disease in models of autoimmunity. In this study, we isolated specific anti-ICOSL new antigen receptor domains from a synthetic phage display library and demonstrated their ability to block the ICOS/ICOSL interaction and inhibit T cell proliferation. Anti-mouse ICOSL domains, considered here as surrogates for the use of anti-human ICOSL domains in patient therapy, were tested for efficacy in a collagen-induced mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis where they significantly decreased the inflammation of joints and delayed and reduced overall disease progression and severity.

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Lownik, Joseph Cornelius, Andrea Luker, Rebecca Martin, Sheela Damle i Daniel H. Conrad. "ADAM10 regulates the ICOS:ICOSL axis". Journal of Immunology 198, nr 1_Supplement (1.05.2017): 152.15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.152.15.

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Abstract The interaction between inducible costimulator (ICOS) and its ligand (ICOSL) is essential for proper T-dependent humoral immune responses, especially follicular helper T cell (TFH) development. We have demonstrated that A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) is the primary and physiological sheddase of ICOSL. Using an in vivo system in which ADAM10 is deleted only on B cells (ADAM10B−/−) leads to high ICOSL levels which in turn causes downregulation of surface T cell ICOS expression through internalization of ICOS. In an unimmunized state, ICOS is internalized in ADAM10B−/−mice and is preferentially shuttled to the lysosomal compartment for degradation. We have recapitulated these findings in an in vitro system, showing that upon ligation, ICOS is rapidly internalized and is shuttled to endosomal recycling or lysosomal degradation, depending on availability of TCR costimulation. Thus, elevated ICOSL in the absence of TCR stimulation results in loss of ICOS and recapitulates the phenotype of an ICOS knockout with severe defects in T follicular helper (TFH) development and Th2 polarization, as well as enhanced Th1 and Th17 immune responses. Blockade of ICOSL in ADAM10B−/−mice rescues T cell ICOS surface expression and restores both TFH numbers and antibody production. Overall, we propose a novel regulation of the ICOS:ICOSL axis, with ADAM10 directly regulating ICOSL which in turn regulates ICOS levels.

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Adom, Djamilatou, Stacey R. Dillon, Jinfeng Yang, Hao Liu, Abdulraouf Ramadan, Kushi Kushekhar, Samantha Hund i in. "ICOSL+ plasmacytoid dendritic cells as inducer of graft-versus-host disease, responsive to a dual ICOS/CD28 antagonist". Science Translational Medicine 12, nr 564 (7.10.2020): eaay4799. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aay4799.

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Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) remains a major complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). CD146 and CCR5 are proteins that mark activated T helper 17 (Th17) cells. The Th17 cell phenotype is promoted by the interaction of the receptor ICOS on T cells with ICOS ligand (ICOSL) on dendritic cells (DCs). We performed multiparametric flow cytometry in a cohort of 156 HCT recipients and conducted experiments with aGVHD murine models to understand the role of ICOSL+ DCs. We observed an increased frequency of ICOSL+ plasmacytoid DCs, correlating with CD146+CCR5+ T cell frequencies, in the 64 HCT recipients with gastrointestinal aGVHD. In murine models, donor bone marrow cells from ICOSL-deficient mice compared to those from wild-type mice reduced aGVHD-related mortality. Reduced aGVHD resulted from lower intestinal infiltration of pDCs and pathogenic Th17 cells. We transplanted activated human ICOSL+ pDCs along with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells into immunocompromised mice and observed infiltration of intestinal CD146+CCR5+ T cells. We found that prophylactic administration of a dual human ICOS/CD28 antagonist (ALPN-101) prevented aGVHD in this model better than did the clinically approved belatacept (CTLA-4-Fc), which binds CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2) and interferes with the CD28 T cell costimulatory pathway. When started at onset of aGVHD signs, ALPN-101 treatment alleviated symptoms of ongoing aGVHD and improved survival while preserving antitumoral cytotoxicity. Our data identified ICOSL+-pDCs as an aGVHD biomarker and suggest that coinhibition of the ICOSL/ICOS and B7/CD28 axes with one biologic drug may represent a therapeutic opportunity to prevent or treat aGVHD.

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Amaral, Luiz A., i Detmar Meurers. "On using intelligent computer-assisted language learning in real-life foreign language teaching and learning". ReCALL 23, nr 1 (5.01.2011): 4–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0958344010000261.

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AbstractThis paper explores the motivation and prerequisites for successful integration of Intelligent Computer-Assisted Language Learning (ICALL) tools into current foreign language teaching and learning (FLTL) practice. We focus on two aspects, which we argue to be important for effective ICALL system development and use: (i) the relationship between activity design and restrictions needed to make natural language processing tractable and reliable, and (ii) pedagogical considerations and the influence of activity design choices on the integration of ICALL systems into FLTL practice.

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Olive, Daniel, Suong Khieu LE, marie-Laure Thibult, Francoise gondois-Rey, Samuel Granjeaud, Thierry Fest, Azzaoui Imene i in. "Follicular Lymphoma B Cells Generate Functional Regulatory T Cells Via ICOS/ICOSL Pathway and Are Inhibited By Intratumoral Tregs". Blood 126, nr 23 (3.12.2015): 5018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.5018.5018.

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Abstract The prognosis of follicular lymphoma (FL) patients is suspected to be influenced by tumor infiltrating regulatory T cells (Tregs). The mechanism of Tregs enrichment in FL and their impact on malignant FL B cells remains to be elucidated. We analyzed 46 fresh lymph node biopsy samples including FL (n = 20), diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL; n = 10), classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL; n = 9) and reactive lymphadenitis (rL; n = 7). Using multicolor flow cytometry and cell sorting, we observed an accumulation of CD25high CD127low/- Tregs in FL tissues. These Tregs comprised activated ICOS+ Tregs which were able to suppress not only conventional T cells, but also FL B cells. These FL B cells were able to express ICOSL in vitro and to generate CD25high Foxp3high Tregs expressing ICOS. Tregs generation was associated with ICOS/ICOSL engagement and was abrogated by antagonist anti-ICOS and anti-ICOSL antibodies. Interaction between Tregs and FL B cells resulted in ICOSL downregulation on FL B cells. These data highlight the role of Tregs in FL pathogenesis and suggest that targeting the ICOS/ICOSL pathway may be a promising immunotherapy in FL Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Warschauer, Mark. "INTELLIGENT LANGUAGE TUTORS: THEORY SHAPING TECHNOLOGY.V. Melissa Holland, Jonathan D. Kaplan, & Michelle R. Sams (Eds.). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, 1995. Pp. xviii + 384. $79.95 cloth, $39.95 paper." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 20, nr 3 (wrzesień 1998): 445–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263198273074.

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This book presents and discusses efforts to develop Intelligent Computer Assisted Language Learning (ICALL) programs based on advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and natural language processing (NLP). Sixteen of the book's 20 chapters provide descriptions of particular ICALL programs, divided into three categories: text-based language tutors and learning environments, dialogue-based language games, and graphics-based language tutors and learning environments. Four chapters at the end offer general commentary on ICALL from the perspectives of experimental psychology (by Brian MacWhinney), linguistics and AI (by Alan Bailin), second language acquisition theory (by Nina Garret), and educational theory (by Rebecca Oxford).

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Herrera, Natalia Guadalupe, Sarah Garrett-Thomson i Steven Almo. "Biochemical and Functional Characterization of the ICOSL TNFR2 Interaction". Journal of Immunology 202, nr 1_Supplement (1.05.2019): 182.56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.182.56.

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Abstract To evade the immune response, cancers hijack the anti-inflammatory function of T regulatory Cells (Tregs) through blockade of anti-tumor responses carried out by T cells (effector and cytotoxic). Tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) positive Tregs are highly immunosuppressive and enriched in the tumor microenvironment. Thus, immunotherapies targeting TNFR2 with antagonistic or agonistic antibodies are promising therapeutics for decreasing or increasing Treg cell levels, respectively. TNFR2 is activated by engagement with the cytokine, TNF alpha (TNFa), which leads to cell survival and proliferation through activation of the NFkB pathway, and this is extensively studied in terms of Treg cell proliferation and survival. Using a high-throughput cell-cell based screening approach, the Almo lab identified ICOS ligand (ICOSL) as a novel interacting partner of TNFR2. ICOSL is a costimulatory molecule with wide tissue distribution and with the ability to bind type-I transmembrane proteins CD28, CTLA-4 and ICOSR. ICOSL interactions with these receptors have been implicated in both positive and negative regulation of T cell activity. While TNFa binding to TNFR2 can activate NFkB signaling, it is unclear if ICOSL binding serves a blocking or activating function. We hypothesize the ICOSL-TNFR2 interaction functions as an additional mechanism for activating/stimulating TNFR2+ Treg cells through processes such as survival, cytokine production and expansion.

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Mouriès, Juliette, Hideo Yagita i Leo Lefrançois. "The role of ICOS co-stimulation on CD8 T cell differentiation during infection. (122.9)". Journal of Immunology 188, nr 1_Supplement (1.05.2012): 122.9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.188.supp.122.9.

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Abstract Co-stimulatory molecules give critical signals to CD8 T cells during their priming phase to allow the generation of protective cytotoxic T cells (CTLs). In this study, we explored the role of ICOS on CTL differentiation by blocking ICOSL with an antibody in vivo. Using a bacterial and a viral infection models, we showed that despite normal expansion during ICOSL blockade, the generated CD8 T cells had lower granzyme expression, they preferentially differentiated more into memory precursor effector cells (CD127hi KLRG1low) and their cytokine production (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2) was enhanced. Finally, CTLs generated in the absence of ICOS signaling at initial priming accumulated more at memory stage. Interestingly, the observed phenotype is very similar to Blimp-1 deficiency, a transcription factor involved in terminal differentiation, suggesting a link between ICOS and the Blimp-1/Bcl-6 axis. In fact, after ICOSL blockade, Bcl-6 expression was increased in CTLs. Bcl6 and Blimp-1 are known reciprocal and antagonistic regulators, indicating that Blimp-1 might be down regulated following ICOSL blockade. The molecular basis of this regulation is still under investigation. Finally, using mixed bone marrow chimera with cells from WT and ICOS KO mice, we were able to recapitulate the phenotype observed with ICOSL blockade, indicating that the direct triggering of ICOS on CD8 T cells is responsible for tuning the response.

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Wood, Peter. "Developing ICALL tools using GATE". Computer Assisted Language Learning 21, nr 4 (październik 2008): 383–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09588220802343736.

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Matthews, Clive. "GOING AI FOUNDATIONS OF ICALL". Computer Assisted Language Learning 5, nr 1-2 (styczeń 1992): 13–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0958822920050103.

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Adamoczky, Anita, Tibor Nagy, Péter Pál Fehér, Veronika Pardi-Tóth, Ákos Kuki, Lajos Nagy, Miklos Zsuga i Sándor Kéki. "Isocyanonaphthol Derivatives: Excited-State Proton Transfer and Solvatochromic Properties". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, nr 13 (29.06.2022): 7250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23137250.

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Fluorescent probes that exhibit solvatochromic or excited-state proton-transfer (ESPT) properties are essential tools for the study of complex biological or chemical systems. Herein, the synthesis and characterization of a novel fluorophore that reveals both features, 5-isocyanonaphthalene-1-ol (ICOL), are reported. Various solvatochromic methods, such as Lippert–Mataga and Bilot–Kawski, together with time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) and time-resolved emission spectroscopy (TRES), were applied to gain insights into its excited-state behavior. To make comparisons, the octyloxy derivative of ICOL, 5-isocyano-1-(octyloxy)naphthalene (ICON), was also prepared. We found that internal charge transfer (ICT) takes place between the isocyano and –OH groups of ICOL, and we determined the values of the dipole moments for the ground and excited states of both ICOL and ICON. Furthermore, in the emission spectra of ICOL, a second band at higher wavelengths (green emission) in solvents of higher polarities (dual emission), in addition to the band present at lower wavelengths (blue emission), were observed. The extent of this dual emission increases in the order of 2-propanol < methanol < N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) < dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The presence of the dual fluorescence of ICOL in these solvents can be ascribed to ESPT. For ICOL, we also determined ground- and excited-state pKa values of 8.4 ± 0.3 and 0.9 ± 0.7, respectively, which indicates a considerable increase in acidity upon excitation. The TRES experiments showed that the excited-state lifetimes of the ICOL and ICON spanned from 10.1 ns to 5.0 ns and from 5.7 ns to 3.8 ns, respectively. In addition, we demonstrated that ICOL can be used as an effective indicator of not only the critical micelle concentration (cmc) of ionic (sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS)) and nonionic surfactants (Tween 80), but also other micellar parameters, such as partition coefficients, as well as to map the microenvironments in the cavities of biomacromolecules (e.g., BSA). It is also pointed out that fluorescence quenching by pyridine can effectively be utilized for the determination of the fractions of ICOL molecules that reside at the water–micelle interface and in the interior spaces of micelles.

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Taddese, Fasil, Marc Schallenberg, Pavel Mikheev, Matt G. Jarvis i Gerard P. Closs. "Ichthyofaunal assemblages in shallow littoral habitats of permanently open estuaries and intermittently closed and open lakes or lagoons in Otago, New Zealand". Marine and Freshwater Research 69, nr 8 (2018): 1222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf17334.

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Fish assemblages of New Zealand estuaries are poorly studied, and knowledge of the effects of estuary–ocean connections on the ichthyofaunal composition of estuaries remains limited. Understanding the status of fish composition of estuaries is crucial for planning for sustainable management of aquatic ecosystems. In the present study we sampled fish using a seine net from lower reaches of six permanently open estuaries and six intermittently closed and open lakes or lagoons (ICOLLs) along the Otago coastline during winter 2016 and summer 2017. Marked differences in ichthyofaunal composition were observed in the shallow littoral habitats of permanently open estuaries and ICOLLs. Fish assemblages reflected estuary–ocean connection status of estuaries during both seasons. ICOLLs showed greater fish abundance than permanently open systems. Fish abundance was higher in summer than in winter in both estuary types. Fish species with marine–estuarine opportunist and estuarine–migrant life histories dominated permanently open estuaries. Conversely, species with a diadromous life history but known to form landlocked populations were abundant in ICOLLs. Salinity and temperature were correlated with fish abundance in both estuary types.

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Gao, Yuwei, Baixue Xu, Peng Zhang, Yanlong He, Xin Liang, Jianwen Liu i Jiyu Li. "TNF-α Regulates Mast Cell Functions by Inhibiting Cell Degranulation". Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 44, nr 2 (2017): 751–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000485288.

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Background/Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of inducible co-stimulatory ligand (ICOSL) expression in stimulation of mast cells (MCs) by TNF-α and the ability of TNF-α stimulation of MCs to influence CD4+ T cell differentiation and function. The mechanisms underlying TNF-α stimulation of MCs were also explored. Methods: Mast cells and CD4+ T cells were prepared from C57BL/6 mice (aged 6–8 weeks). ICOSL expression by MCs was measured by real-time PCR and flow cytometry, and levels of IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γ were measured by ELISA. Results: ICOSL expression by MCs was increased by TNF-α stimulation, and resulted in interaction with CD4+ T cells. The IL-4 and IL-10 levels in the co-culture system increased, while IFN-γ levels decreased. Furthermore, CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cell proliferation was induced by co-culture with TNF-α-stimulated MCs. The mechanism by which TNF-α stimulated MCs was dependent on the activation of the MAPK signaling pathway. Conclusion: TNF-α upregulated the expression of ICOSL on mast cells via a mechanism that is dependent on MAPK phosphorylation. TNF-α-treated MCs promoted the differentiation of regulatory T cells and induced a shift in cytokine expression from a Th1 to a Th2 profile by up-regulation ICOSL expression and inhibition of MC degranulation. Our study reveals a novel mechanism by which mast cells regulate T cell function.

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Fine, Michael, Fang-Min Lu, Mei-Jung Lin, Orson Moe, Hao-Ran Wang i Donald W. Hilgemann. "Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes for studies of cardiac ion transporters". American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 305, nr 5 (1.09.2013): C481—C491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00143.2013.

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Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can differentiate into functional cardiomyocytes (iCell Cardiomyocytes) with ion channel activities that are remarkably similar to adult cardiomyocytes. Here, we extend this characterization to cardiac ion transporters. Additionally, we document facile molecular biological manipulation of iCell Cardiomyocytes to overexpress and knockdown transporters and regulatory proteins. Na/Ca exchange (NCX1) and Na/K pump currents were recorded via patch clamp, and Na/H and Cl/OH exchanges were recorded via oscillating proton-selective microelectrodes during patch clamp. Flux densities of all transport systems are similar to those of nonrodent adult cardiomyocytes. NCX1 protein and NCX1 currents decline after NCX1 small interfering (si)RNA transfection with similar time courses (τ ≈ 2 days), and an NCX1-Halo fusion protein is internalized after its extracellular labeling by AlexaFluor488 Ligand with a similar time course. Loss of the cardiac regulatory protein phospholemman (PLM) occurs over a longer time course (τ ≈ 60 h) after PLM small interfering RNA transfection. Similar to multiple previous reports for adult cardiomyocytes, Na/K pump currents in iCell Cardiomyocytes are not enhanced by activating cAMP production with either maximal or submaximal cytoplasmic Na and using either forskolin or isoproterenol to activate adenylate cyclases. Finally, we describe Ca influx-dependent changes of iCell Cardiomyocyte capacitance ( Cm). Large increases of Cmoccur during Ca influx via NCX1, thereby documenting large internal membrane reserves that can fuse to the sarcolemma, and subsequent declines of Cmdocument active endocytic processes. Together, these results document a great potential of iCell Cardiomyocytes for both short- and long-term studies of cardiac ion transporters and their regulation.

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Ayunon, Chirbet Cariño, i Lysel Ildefonso Haloc. "How far have we gone? Integration of intercultural language learning principles in Philippine ESL classrooms". Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn) 15, nr 1 (1.02.2021): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v15i1.20056.

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Intercultural education is firmly rooted on the notion that language and culture are intrinsically linked. Several studies have looked into the importance of understanding different languages and cultures in language teaching; however, studies on the integration of principles intercultural language learning (IcLL) in Philippine ESL classrooms seem to be lacking. This is what the article addresses as it looked into the extent of integration of IcLL principles in two higher educational institution in Region 2, Cagayan Valley, Northern Philippines. Anchored on the principles of IcLL and through the employment of survey to elicit responses of the language teachers as to the integration of IcLL principles in language classrooms, results revealed that teachers perceive IcLL to be integrated in their classrooms to a great extent. Specifically, the principles of active construction and social interaction are integrated to a very high extent while the principles making connections, reflection, and responsibility were perceived to be integrated to a high extent. As regards classroom activities, the teachers favored the employment of discussions, lectures, writing tasks, oral reports, role plays, small group tasks, simulations or skits and collaborative learning activities in transmitting the target culture.

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Williamson, Tracey. "Meeting report: ICOLD 2013, Seattle, USA". Dams and Reservoirs 23, nr 3-4 (wrzesień 2013): 103–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/dare.14.00009.

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Mason, Peter J. "The relevance of ICOLD to BDS". Dams and Reservoirs 19, nr 4 (grudzień 2009): 153–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/dare.2009.19.4.153.

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Airey, Martin. "ICOLD meeting in Hanoi – May 2010". Dams and Reservoirs 20, nr 3 (wrzesień 2010): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/dare.2010.20.3.111.

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Ariey, Martin, Rod Bridle, Mike Cambridge, Andy Hughes, John Sawyer, Ljiljana Spasic-Gril i Tracey Williamson. "Meeting report: ICOLD 2011, Lucerne, Switzerland". Dams and Reservoirs 21, nr 3 (wrzesień 2011): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/dare.2011.21.3.95.

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Bridle, Rod, i Alan Brown. "News: ICOLD bulletin on internal erosion". Dams and Reservoirs 21, nr 4 (grudzień 2011): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/dare.2011.21.4.147.

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Tafazoli, Dara, Elena Gómez María i Cristina A. Huertas Abril. "Intelligent Language Tutoring System". International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Education 15, nr 3 (lipiec 2019): 60–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijicte.2019070105.

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Intelligent computer-assisted language learning (ICALL) is a multidisciplinary area of research that combines natural language processing (NLP), intelligent tutoring system (ITS), second language acquisition (SLA), and foreign language teaching and learning (FLTL). Intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) are able to provide a personalized approach to learning by assuming the role of a real teacher/expert who adapts and steers the learning process according to the specific needs of each learner. This article reviews and discusses the issues surrounding the development and use of ITSs for language learning and teaching. First, the authors look at ICALL history: its evolution from CALL. Second, issues in ICALL research and integration will be discussed. Third, they will explain how artificial intelligence (AI) techniques are being implemented in language education as ITS and intelligent language tutoring systems (ITLS). Finally, the successful integration and development of ITLS will be explained in detail.

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Blecic, Deborah D., Joan B. Fiscella i Stephen E. Wiberley. "The Measurement of Use of Web-based Information Resources: An Early Look at Vendor-supplied Data". College & Research Libraries 62, nr 5 (1.09.2001): 434–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crl.62.5.434.

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To manage Web-based resources effectively, librarians need to evaluate vendor-supplied data about their use. This article explores the types of data available, using as its starting point the elements defined by the International Coalition of Library Consortia’s (ICOLC) “Guidelines for Statistical Measures of Usage of Web-based Indexed, Abstracted, and Full-text Resources.” It discusses the problems and issues of comparing use data from different vendors. Then, illustrated with data from one library, the article addresses five measures that have implications for collection management: variability of ICOLC data elements over time, which demonstrated the need to examine data continually; ratios of queries per session, which showed more stability over time than individual ICOLC elements; use by hour, which documented remote use but confirmed that most use occurred during regular library hours; use of electronic journal collections, which was more scattered than the classic 80/20 distribution; and use of Web-based resources in relation to a disciplinary population, which provided an index of value for assessing use of a particular resource. This study identifies aspects of data collection that librarians need to pay special attention to, recommends that vendors report the maximum number of simultaneous users per day and data gaps in addition to ICOLC elements, and suggests per capita use as a comparative measure among libraries.

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Bullington, Jeff. "About ICOLC and the ICOLC Statement on the Global Economic Crisis and Its Impact on Consortial Licenses". Collaborative Librarianship 1, nr 4 (2009): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.29087/2009.1.4.05.

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Kraft, Lisa, Martina Sauter, Guiscard Seebohm i Karin Klingel. "In Vitro Model Systems of Coxsackievirus B3-Induced Myocarditis: Comparison of Commonly Used Cell Lines and Characterization of CVB3-Infected iCell® Cardiomyocytes". Viruses 13, nr 9 (14.09.2021): 1835. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13091835.

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Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) belongs to the enteroviruses, which are a well-known cause of acute and chronic myocarditis, primarily infecting cardiac myocytes. As primary human cardiomyocytes are difficult to obtain, viral myocarditis is quite frequently studied in vitro in different non-cardiac and cardiac-like cell lines. Recently, cardiomyocytes that have been differentiated from human-induced pluripotent stem cells have been described as a new model system to study CVB3 infection. Here, we compared iCell® Cardiomyocytes with other cell lines that are commonly used to study CVB3 infection regarding their susceptibility and patterns of infection and the mode of cell death. iCell® Cardiomyocytes, HeLa cells, HL-1 cells and H9c2 cells were infected with CVB3 (Nancy strain). The viral load, CVB3 RNA genome localization, VP1 expression (including the intracellular localization), cellular morphology and the expression of cell death markers were compared. The various cell lines clearly differed in their permissiveness to CVB3 infection, patterns of infection, viral load, and mode of cell death. When studying the mode of cell death of CVB3-infected iCell® Cardiomyocytes in more detail, especially regarding the necroptosis key players RIPK1 and RIPK3, we found that RIPK1 is cleaved during CVB3 infection. iCell® Cardiomyocytes represent well the natural host of CVB3 in the heart and are thus the most appropriate model system to study molecular mechanisms of CVB3-induced myocarditis in vitro. Doubts are raised about the suitability of commonly used cell lines such as HeLa cells, HL-1 cells and H9c2 cells to evaluate molecular pathways and processes occurring in vivo in enteroviral myocarditis.

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Matthews, Clive. "Grammar Frameworks In Intelligent CALL". CALICO Journal 11, nr 1 (14.01.2013): 5–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/cj.v11i1.5-27.

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Most recent work in ICALL has tended to focus on syntactic structure. Clearly the grammar formalism chosen for such systems is of some importance. However, as this paper argues, little consideration seems to have been paid to such matters beyond the question of computational efficiency. Following previous work, the paper further argues for choosing a formalism that potentially meshes with work in SLA. Of all the main grammar formalisms being developed, GB theory, with its emphasis on Universal Grammar, has had the most impact on SLA research. Recent advances in "principle based" parsing now make possible the integration of such work into ICALL.

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Soria, Jesús. "Expert CALL: data-based versus knowledge-based interaction and feedback". ReCALL 9, nr 2 (listopad 1997): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0958344000004778.

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This article attempts to define Expert CALL, siting in between traditional data-based CALL and intelligent CALL (ICALL). It relies on the concapts of expert knowledge and expert interaction and feedback. These are explored in the context of inflexional morphology, using as reference the auther's own ‘The Spanish Verb’ program. An electic computational algorithm, rather than a fully-fledged linguistic for malism suffices to deliver a stable and reliable lingustic knowledge basa on which to base Expert CALL applications. A similar ‘intermediate technology’ approach to syntax may bypass current difficulties encountered by ICALL to deliver linguistic reliabity.

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