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Avina, Bravo Eli Gabriel. "Conception, développement et validation d'un système intelligent de mesure physiologique et biomécanique embarqué : Vélo à assistance électrique avec IA pour les interventions thérapeutiques et la prévention santé". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSEI003.
Pełny tekst źródłaAccording to projections by the World Health Organization (WHO), it is estimated that by 2050, more than 22% of the global population will be aged 60 years or older. This demographic shift is accompanied by a growing prevalence of chronic diseases. In France, one in four individuals currently suffers from a chronic condition, a proportion that rises to three out of four among those aged 65 and above. These diseases significantly contribute to mortality, accounting for 74% of total deaths in 2019. Fortunately, many of these conditions can be prevented or delayed by adhering to the physical activity recommendations provided by the WHO. Extensive research has demonstrated the profound impact of physical activity on prolonging lifespan and enhancing overall quality of life across populations. With this perspective in mind, the research objectives of this study lie within the realm of Prognosis Health Management (PHM) and prescription sports, with a specific emphasis on the healthcare trajectory of patients with chronic conditions. However, the precise methodology for control, particularly the feedback mechanism pertaining to individuals' behavior during physical activity, remains to be delineated. To tackle this challenge, the project proposes the implementation of a connected medical device, specifically an electric-assisted bicycle integrated with embedded artificial intelligence. This combination aims to collect data and contribute to the prevention of chronic pathologies for individuals. The primary scientific endeavor entails designing and integrating an innovative and adaptable hardware and software architecture, incorporating state-of-the-art sensors that utilize flexible technology. This framework facilitates the monitoring of both occasional and experienced cyclists during their practice, enabling intelligent control of the level of electrical assistance and the implementation of medical instructions based on prior medical assessments
Ali, Abid. "Analyse vidéo à l'aide de réseaux de neurones profonds : une application pour l'autisme". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ4066.
Pełny tekst źródłaUnderstanding actions in videos is a crucial element of computer vision with significant implications across various fields. As our dependence on visual data grows, comprehending and interpreting human actions in videos becomes essential for advancing technologies in surveillance, healthcare, autonomous systems, and human-computer interaction. The accurate interpretation of actions in videos is fundamental for creating intelligent systems that can effectively navigate and respond to the complexities of the real world. In this context, advances in action understanding push the boundaries of computer vision and play a crucial role in shaping the landscape of cutting-edge applications that impact our daily lives. Computer vision has made significant progress with the rise of deep learning methods such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) pushing the boundaries of computer vision and enabling the computer vision community to advance in many domains, including image segmentation, object detection, scene understanding, and more. However, video processing remains limited compared to static images. In this thesis, we focus on action understanding, dividing it into two main parts: action recognition and action detection, and their application in the medical domain for autism analysis.In this thesis, we explore the various aspects and challenges of video understanding from a general and an application-specific perspective. We then present our contributions and solutions to address these challenges. In addition, we introduce the ACTIVIS dataset, designed to diagnose autism in young children. Our work is divided into two main parts: generic modeling and applied models. Initially, we focus on adapting image models for action recognition tasks by incorporating temporal modeling using parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) techniques. We also address real-time action detection and anticipation by proposing a new joint model for action anticipation and online action detection in real-life scenarios. Furthermore, we introduce a new task called 'loose-interaction' in dyadic situations and its applications in autism analysis. Finally, we concentrate on the applied aspect of video understanding by proposing an action recognition model for repetitive behaviors in videos of autistic individuals. We conclude by proposing a weakly-supervised method to estimate the severity score of autistic children in long videos
Chamberland, Simon. "Deux investigations en IA : contrôler les déplacements d'un robot mobile et coordonner les décisions d'une IA pour les jeux". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/45.
Pełny tekst źródłaLe, Du Jérémy. "Utilisation de la spectroscopie pour la standardisation des supernovae de type Ia". Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2008AIX22073.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaWe present in this thesis an analysis of the standardisation of Type Ia supernovae (SNela) using distant supernovae (0. 2
Chamberland, Simon. "Deux investigations en IA : contr??ler les d??placements d'un robot mobile et coordonner les d??cisions d'une IA pour les jeux". Mémoire, Universit?? de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/45.
Pełny tekst źródłaJuramy, Claire. "Métrologie des supernovae de type Ia pour la cosmologie : instrumentation et analyse calorimétrique". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00592266.
Pełny tekst źródłaJuramy, Claire. "Métrologie des supernovæ de type Ia pour la cosmologie : instrumentation et analyse calorimétrique". Paris 6, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00592266.
Pełny tekst źródłaManderscheid, Jean-Claude. "Les évaluations en éducation pour la santé". Montpellier 1, 1992. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01843566.
Pełny tekst źródłaWeiss, Brigitte. "Intérêt et organisation de l'éducation pour la santé en France : l'exemple du Comité Régional d'Education pour la Santé d'Alsace (CORESA)". Strasbourg 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR1M173.
Pełny tekst źródłaRaffin, Natacha. "Environnement, Santé, Education: Quels enjeux pour le Développement?" Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00450845.
Pełny tekst źródłaDujardin, Bruno. "Une approche globale pour améliorer la santé maternelle". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212871.
Pełny tekst źródłaDuclos, Thierry. "Jeunesse en difficulté et éducation pour la santé". Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON11162.
Pełny tekst źródłaRaffin, Natacha. "Environnement, santé, éducation : quels enjeux pour le développement ?" Paris 1, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00450845.
Pełny tekst źródłaRapin, Jérémy. "Décompositions parcimonieuses pour l'analyse avancée de données en spectrométrie pour la Santé". Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112378/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaBlind source separation aims at extracting unknown source signals from observations where these sources are mixed together by an unknown process. However, this very generic and non-supervised approach does not always provide exploitable results. Therefore, it is often necessary to add more constraints, generally arising from physical considerations, in order to favor the recovery of sources with a particular sought-after structure. Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF), which is the main focus of this thesis, aims at searching for non-negative sources which are observed through non-negative linear mixtures.In some cases, further information still remains necessary in order to correctly separate the sources. Here, we focus on the sparsity concept, which helps improving the contrast between the sources, while providing very robust approaches, even when the data are contaminated by noise. We show that in order to obtain stable solutions, the non-negativity and sparse constraints must be applied adequately. In addition, using sparsity in a potentially redundant transformed domain could allow to capture the structure of most of natural image, but this kind of regularization proves difficult to apply together with the non-negativity constraint in the direct domain. We therefore propose a sparse NMF algorithm, named nGMCA (non-negative Generalized Morphological Component Analysis), which overcomes these difficulties by making use of proximal calculus techniques. Experiments on simulated data show that this algorithm is robust to additive Gaussian noise contamination, with an automatic control of the sparsity parameter. This novel algorithm also proves to be more efficient and robust than other state-of-the-art NMF algorithms on realistic data.Finally, we apply nGMCA on liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry data. Observation of these data show that they are contaminated by multiplicative noise, which greatly deteriorates the results of the NMF algorithms. An extension of nGMCA was designed to take into account this type of noise, thanks to the use of a non-stationary prior. This extension is then able to obtain excellent results on annotated real data
Trempe, Normand. "Le plan de l'organisation mondiale de la santé : la santé pour tous en l'an 2000 : une avenue pour le tiers monde?" Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5703.
Pełny tekst źródłaR'kha, Said. "Éléments pour des problématiques didactiques spécifiques en éducation pour la santée". Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA070091.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe purpose of this study is to identity the health education obstacles and difficulties linked to non - acquisition by the learners of some methodological and conceptual competences. Scientific teaching in secondary education fails to prepare the pupils to understand the risk factors, and in general the statistical facts concerning health. Indeed it does not clarify some notions which have become essential in health education, such as, for instance, the notion of risk and cause. It also reglects to introduce the epidemiological and statistical methods. The study of the pupils representation proves that some of their conceptions, which remain ever though being informed through teaching about health, are genuine obstacles in health education. In order to overcome these didactical impediments, didactical propositions have been set up. This proposal consists in introducing the epidemiological methods in scientific secondary education. A logical chain could be established eventually leading to the elaboration of motivated responses in the learners
Al, Samad Assala. "Fonctionnalisation photochimique de polyesters dégradables pour applications en santé". Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT209/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaFor decades, aliphatic polyesters (polycaprolactone (PCL), polylactide (PLA), polyglycolide (PGA)) and their copolymers have been selected for medical applications because of their biodegradability and their biocompatibility. Among their medical applications, we are interested in drug delivery system based on amphiphilic copolymers and tissue engineering. However, aliphatic polyesters suffer from significant hydrophobicity and the absence of functional groups. To overcome these drawbacks, several strategies ofchemical modifications have been reported in literature among which we present: hydrolysis, plasma modification, post polymerization modification by copper catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition and thiol-yne post polymerization modification. These modifications have been used to introduce hydrophilic polymers (eg. polyethylene glycol) or functional groups on the polyester chains that can enhance the biodegradability of polyesters. In this manuscript, we are interested in modifying PCL and PLA chains by thiol-yne photochemical route. This method is rapid, versatile, applicable in solution as well as on surface and it does not require the use of a metallic catalyst which can be harmful for medical applications. First, PCL modification was done in solution and amphiphilic copolymers PCL-g-PEG were synthesized. The strategy “grafting to” in two steps has been selected starting from commercial polymers. Conditions optimization of anionic activation, followed by thiol-yne photoaddition, allowed us to obtain copolymers with controlled ratios hydrophilic/hydrophobic. The impact of copolymers hydrophilicity on nanoobjets formulation, critical micelle concentration and sizes was studied. Curcumin encapsulation as an anticancer agent and nanocarriers cytotoxicity towards cancer cells were verified. In addition, these copolymers were then decorated with a targeting peptide and an enzymatically cleavable peptide in the aim of using them in cancer treatment. The biological effect of anticancer loaded copolymer was verified in vitro on target cells expressing more or less integrins or metalloproteases. Second, PLA fibers were modified with inorganic nanoparticles and generate covalent hybrids for purposes in tissue engineering of neuronal cells. Analogously to the solution modification, these hybrids were obtained in two steps by anionic activation of PLA fibers, followed by covalent grafting of iron oxide nanoparticles according to a thiol-yne photochemical strategy
Jacquet, Frédéric. "Les stratégies participatives pour une promotion de la santé". Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON11009.
Pełny tekst źródłaChaher, Yosra. "Cadre d'ingénierie pour l'innovation ouverte : application en santé connectée". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30121.
Pełny tekst źródłaFaced with many challenges, competitive organizations today are those that quickly transform new ideas into new products or services. This is why they are seeking to better control their innovation process and make it more efficient across all functions of their value chain, from the idea generation phase to their launch. In addition, over the past 15 years, large companies have opened up their innovation processes due to the need for shorter innovation cycles and shorter time to market. However, we note that there is virtually no formal approach in the literature related to innovation modeling that streamlines the management of the so-called "open" innovation process. In this context, we are developing a methodological framework by targeting the open innovation process in order to formalize it and rationalize its management. The Model-Driven Engineering approach implemented allows us to propose a formal approach to properly structure the management of open innovation. To this end, our research focused initially on the design of a conceptual model that describes the knowledge included in the scope of open innovation management through formalization in UML. This conceptual model is considered the reference base of our methodological framework since it is generic and can be applied to any type of innovation. Then, we proposed a life cycle model that describes the process of open innovation, based on collaboration and exchange between the different actors. We have detailed this model into collaborative business processes using BPMN diagrams to describe operational activities, and DMN diagrams to frame decision making activities. Finally, we illustrated this methodological framework on two case studies related to the field of connected health, in order to test its validity
Hazenberg, François. "Calibration photométrique des supernovae de type Ia pour la caractérisation de l’énergie noire avec l’expérience StarDICE". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS142.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn recent SN Ia survey analyzes for dark energy characterization, statistical and systematic uncertainties are equivalent. However, the next generation of wide-field telescopes like LSST would add tens of thousands SNe Ia to the Hubble diagram. This improvement in the statistics suggests that a special effort have to be conducted to reduce systematics, of which the primary photometric calibration (CALSPEC) is the dominant term. The work described in this thesis is part of the preparation for LSST within the DESC collaboration. Firstly, we evaluate the impact of calibration uncertainties in a cosmological analysis of a typical LSST SN Ia survey on dark energy characterization. We thus show the need to constrain the photometric calibration within 0.1% accuracy for it not to be predominant. The second part presents the StarDICE experiment and its first results: a stable artificial light source (LEDs) is calibrated on a spectrophotometric bench, using NIST flux standards. This calibration is then transferred on site to CALSPEC's astrophysical standards using a telescope to observe the CALSPEC stars and the artificial source simultaneously. This transfer is currently carried out with an accuracy of 5%
Möller, Anaïs. "Détection et classification des SuperNovae de type Ia pour la cosmologie dans l'ensemble des données SNLS". Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. https://theses.hal.science/tel-01456470.
Pełny tekst źródłaI present improvements on the detection of transient avents and the classification of supernovae (SNe) using supernova photometric redshifts in the SNLS deferred analysis, Detectron of transitent. Vents can provide numerous fasse détections, while the photometric classification of type la SNe la usually contaminated by other types of SNe, Reducing the number of false détections and the misclassifled while maintaining the type la SN semple are important Issues for both présent and future surveys, In order to reduee the artlfacta that provide false detections, I developed a eubtracted image etack treatment to reduce the number of non SN-like avents using morphological component analysis, This technique exploits the morphological diversity of objects to be detected to extract the signal of interest MC generated images were used to study detection efficiency and coordinate resolution, When tested on SNLS3 data this procedure decreases the number of détections by a factor of 2, while losing only 10% of SN-like avents, almost ail feint unes, IVIC resulte show that SNIa good detection efficlency, while the coordinate resolution is slightly improved,The deferred pipeline uses only photometric informatIon to classify SNe, I present hors a new classification using photometric SN redshifts optimized by a machine learning classification strategy. This algorithm provides redshifts for ail evente with a better average precislon and lower catastrophe errors than the host galaxy photometric redshift catalogue used in the SNLS3 analysis. This new photometric SNaredshift classification provides a type la SN sa le with a contamination of less than 10% according to Monte-Carlo studies
Gagné, Myriam. "Outiller les éducateurs en santé respiratoire : Retombées pour les professionnels et pour les patients". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66755.
Pełny tekst źródłaBackground: There is a need to enhance self-management support (SMS) provided by respiratoryeducators to patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to developa training model targeted at respiratory educators. To this end, our objectives are to measure 1) theimpact of using a patient decision aid (DA) as part of an SMS session in regard to asthmaknowledge and control among adults with asthma and 2) the educational outcomes associated witha training session on SMS and targeted at respiratory educators in regard to a) educators’competence and knowledge of SMS and b) COPD patients’ quality of life and hospitalizations.Methods: Objective 1. We conducted a randomized parallel clinical trial and randomly allocatedadults with asthma either to the education-only or education+DA group. Patients from both groupswere provided with SMS. In the education+DA group, patients filled a DA on inhaled maintenancemedication. Before and two months after the interventions, patients filled validated questionnairesmeasuring asthma knowledge (Questionnaire de connaissances sur l’asthme de langue française,score -37-37) and asthma control (Asthma Control Scoring System, score 20-100). We used linearmixed models to estimate change in scores within and between groups. Objectives 2a and 2b. Weconducted a before-and-after study using mixed methods. Respiratory educators attended a 7-hourlecture-based training session on COPD-specific SMS. Before the training session and afterwards,educators filled standardized questionnaires measuring their competence in providing SMS (score1-10) and their knowledge of SMS (score 0-25). Four months after the training session, werecruited patients with COPD who were provided with SMS by a newly trained educator. BeforeSMS and six months later, patients completed a validated quality of life questionnaire (St. George'sRespiratory Questionnaire, score 0-100) and reported whether they had been hospitalized in thelast six months. We used mixed linear or log-binomial models to estimate changes in scores orproportions. Five months after the training session, interviews were conducted with the educators.Verbatim were qualitatively analyzed to further explain our quantitative results.Results: Objective 1. We recruited 51/96 people with asthma (mean age: 44±13 years, women:n=32), who were allocated to the education-only (n=25) or education+DA group (n=26). In bothgroups, the mean asthma knowledge score and the mean asthma control score improved after viinterventions. Improvements in asthma knowledge and control were not different between groups.Objective 2a. We recruited 43/43 educators who attended the training session. The mean score ofcompetence in providing SMS improved after the training session (before: 5.5/10; after: 8.3/10;P<0.0001), as did the mean score of knowledge of SMS (before: 10.0/25; after: 14.3/25;P<0.0001). Objective 2b. We recruited 54/75 COPD patients (mean age: 69±8 years, women:n=23) who were provided SMS by a newly trained educator. The mean quality of life scoreimproved after SMS (before: 41.5/100, after: 28.7/100, P=0.0001). The number of patients whowere hospitalized was not different before and after SMS. Our qualitative results confirmed ourquantitative results.Conclusions: Our results suggest that SMS, with or without DAs, improve asthma knowledge andasthma control. The participation of respiratory educators in a lecture-based training session onSMS is associated with improvements in educators’ competence to deliver SMS, educators’knowledge of SMS, and COPD patients’ quality of life, but does not seem to have an effect onhospitalizations. Both strategies used to enhance SMS can be further improved – e.g. the DA couldbe used during several SMS sessions and active learning activities could be incorporated duringthe training session – to maximize their impact.
Babilliot, Alain. "Typologie critique des méthodes informatiques pour l'analyse des données en épidémiologie". Paris 9, 1988. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1988PA090033.
Pełny tekst źródłaBen, Henda Yesmine. "Bioactivités de cryptides marins : quels potentiels pour la santé humaine ?" Thesis, La Rochelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LAROS032/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaMarine products represent an important source of active substances, in particular bioactive peptides called cryptides. Cryptides are hidden within the sequence of a parent protein and are released during digestion or industrial proteolytic processes. These cryptides could provide physiological benefit or protection against diseases such as those of metabolic syndrome. In this context, we investigated the action of some marine cryptides on hypertension, diabetes and obesity. We demonstrated that some cryptides can target in vitro several factors associated with the development of metabolic syndrome
Rouillon, Steeve. "Outils d'évaluation d'une intervention d'éducation pour la santé environnementale périnatale". Thesis, Poitiers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018POIT1402/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaChildhood and adulthood diseases are associated to in utero exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). To reduce this exposure, environmental health education programs dedicated to perinatal period are implemented. These programs change psychosocial dimensions such as risk perception (RP) and belief in the action of exposure reduction (BAR), but few are assessed.The interventional research PREVED study aims to assess efficacy of a perinatal environmental health education program to reduce pregnant women exposure to EDC.The objectives of this work were to develop analytical (i) and (ii) epidemiological tools to evaluate the efficacy of the program. Thus, (i) ultrasensitive LC-MS/MS analytical methods were developed to determine unconjugated fractions of EDCs in urine and colostrum and validated using samples collected from the EDDS perinatal cohort; (ii) a psychosocial questionnaire exploring RP, BAR and knowledge of pregnant women by means of scores was developed.This work, part of an interdisciplinary approach to environmental health, proposes reliable analytical methods to assess exposure to the studied EDCs on the one hand, and a questionnaire assessing knowledge, attitudes and practices of pregnant women about EDCs on the other hand. The impact of the perinatal environmental health education program will be assessed using these tools
Cipière, Sébastien. "Un système de médiation distribué pour l'e-santé et l'épidémiologie". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22716/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe implementation of a grid network to support large-scale epidemiology analysis (based on distributed medical data sources) and medical data sharing require medical data integration and semantic alignment. In this thesis, we present the GINSENG (Global Initiative for Sentinel eHealth Network on Grid) network that federates existing Electronic Health Records through a rich metamodel (FedEHR), a semantic data model (SemEHR) and distributed query toolkits. A query interface based on the VIP platform, and available through the e-ginseng.com web portal helps medical end-users in the design of epidemiological studies and the retrieval of relevant medical data sets
Caillard, Simon. "Planification et optimisation de ressources pour la formation en santé". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AMIE0084.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this thesis, we propose different algorithms to solve a timetabling problem proposed by the SimUSanté center. The center offers a large number of training sessions, based on learning by simulation, and intended for health actors, whether they are professionals or students. The SimUSanté problem is close to the academic problem of Curriculum-Based Courses Timetabling (CB-CTT). The data and constraints of our problem are presented in detail using a 0-1 linear program.To solve this problem we propose different methods: a dedicated greedy algorithm SimUG is used as an initial and relevant solution for the SimUVNS algorithm, a variable neighborhood search (VNS) algorithm. SimUVNS combines different neighborhood stemmed from the saturator, intra, extra and extra + operators. A diversification operator is applied when research is trapped in a local optimum.Next, several Ant Colony Optimization type algorithms were proposed: SimUACO, SimUMACO-VNS, and SimUTACO. They are respectively derived from Ant System, MinMax Ant System and Ant Colony System algorithms. SimUACO is inspired by the ant behavior to find food and return back to the nest. Each ant leaves pheromones on the trail from their nest to the food source. An ant moves randomly but when it detects pheromones, it follows the trail and reinforces it by leaving additional pheromones. The more ants follow a trail, the more attractive that trail becomes. Pheromones evaporate over time and therefore the least used or slower paths become the least attractive. Ants can then find the fastest trail from the nest to a source of food. We represent the SimUSanté problem by a graph in which each possible path is associated with a quantity of pheromones and corresponds to a triplet: an activity, a time slot, and a set of resources. Any ant can decide to follow a path. This decision is based on heuristic information and on the quantity of pheromones associated with each path. If an ant follows a given path, an additional quantity of pheromones, which is proportional to the quality of the solution built, is deposed on it. SimUMACO-VNS, and SimUTACO are based on SimUACO, but different from this one by the managment of pheromones. In SimUMACO-VNS the values of pheromones is blocked within a minimum and maximum value so that no path is preponderant. Moreover, it tries to improve the solutions built by the ants using SimUVNS. SimUTACO uses a taboo path system in order to push the ants to find new solutionsSimUVNS, SimUACO, SimUMACO-VNS, and SimUTACO were tested on hundred instances derivated from those of the CB-CTT, which were adapted to the SimUSanté problem. Experiments show that the strength of SimUVNS is to plan all activities, even for the largest instances, without violating any hard constraints. SimUACO slightly improves the results of SimUVNS, while SimUMACO-VNS, and SimUTACO always outperform our other methods, and can get optimal solutions. Nevertheless, we note that only SimUTACO is able to do it regularly and for any instance. The solutions given by SimUVNS, SimUACO, SimUMACO-VNS, and SimUTACO respectively have an average difference with the optimal solutions of 5.55%, 4.80%, 2.59% and 0.15%
Buekens, Pierre. "Utilisation des bases de données pour l'évaluation de l'efficacité des interventions obstétricales". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213404.
Pełny tekst źródłaDelecolle, Julien. "Approche métabolomique pour une caractérisation plus fine d'extraits de plantes d'intérêts pour la santé humaine". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ012/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaTinctures defined as hydro-alcoholic extracts have been used from centuries in homeopathy and phytotherapy, but their chemical compositions remain still unknown. During my PhD, metabolomics analyses of nineteen tinctures and one leader product, L52, made by Laboratoires Lehning, were conducted using untargeted metabolomic approach. We build GC-MS and UPLC-MS/MS databases to identify a large amount of metabolites. Then, we used semi-preparative HPLC with both UV and mass detection to isolate some compounds from tinctures. We used UPLC-HRMS to obtain chemical formula, a prerequisite for metabolites identification. Finally, we identified a broad range of different metabolites in each tincture, highlighting the metabolic complexity of the TMs. These molecules can now be used for quality-control and valued for a better understanding of these products on human health
Theodose, Christian. "Les actions d'éducation pour la santé et les enquêtes de santé en milieu scolaire : analyse des difficultés rencontrées". Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON11081.
Pełny tekst źródłaDony, Philippe. "CREATION D’UN ENTREPOT DE DONNEES EN ANESTHESIE: POTENTIEL POUR LA GESTION ET LA SANTE PUBLIQUE". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/279599/3/TM.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaDoctorat en Santé Publique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Rosseel, Joachim. "DÉCODAGE DE CODES CORRECTEURS D'ERREURS ASSISTÉ PAR APPRENTISSAGE POUR L'IOT". Electronic Thesis or Diss., CY Cergy Paris Université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023CYUN1260.
Pełny tekst źródłaWireless communications, already very present in our society, still raise new challengesas part of the deployment of the Internet of Things (IoT) such as the development of newdecoding methods at the physical layer ensuring good performance for the transmission ofshort messages. In particular, Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes are a family of errorcorrecting codes well-known for their excellent asymptotic error correction performanceunder iterative Belief Propagation (BP) decoding. However, the error correcting capacity ofthe BP algorithm is severely deteriorated for short LDPC codes. Thus, this thesis focuses on improving the decoding of short LDPC codes, thanks in particular to machine learning tools such as neural networks.After introducing the notions and characteristics of LDPC codes and BP decoding, aswell as the modeling of the BP algorithm by a Recurrent Neural Network (BP-RecurrentNeural Network or BP-RNN), we develop new training methods specializing the BP-RNN ondecoding error events sharing similar structural properties. These specialization approaches are subsequently associated decoding architectures composed of several specialized BP-RNNs, where each BP-RNN is trained to decode a specific kind of error events (decoding diversity). Secondly, we are interested in the post-processing of the BP (or the BP-RNN) with an Ordered Statistics Decoding (OSD) in order to close the gap the maximum likelihood (ML) decoding performance. To improve the post-processing performance, we optimize its input thanks to a single neuron and we introduce a multiple OSD post-processing decoding strategy. We then show that this strategy effectively takes advantage of the diversity of its inputs, thus providing an effective way to close the gap with ML decoding
Larouche, Annie. "Pass-sports pour ma santé : un programme d'éducation parascolaire pour une saine alimentation et un mode de vie actif pour les enfants d'âge primaire". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/32548.
Pełny tekst źródłaL'objectif de cette étude était d'évaluer l'impact d'un programme d’éducation parascolaire pour une saine alimentation et un mode de vie actif qui implique la participation des parents sur la condition physique d’enfants d’âge primaire. Trente-trois enfants (6 garçons / 27 filles) âgés de 10 à 13 ans ont participé à cette étude. Ils ont participé à deux ou trois ateliers par semaine, et ce, pendant 25 semaines. Une à deux séances par semaine étaient consacrées à l’activité physique alors que l’autre rencontre hebdomadaire était liée à l’alimentation. Les mesures anthropométriques, les tests musculaires et le test de capacité aérobie maximale ont été réalisés au début et à la fin du programme d’intervention de 25 semaines. À la suite du programme d’intervention parascolaire, on note une amélioration significative dans la plupart des tests physiques effectués soit dans la force de préhension (p=0,0015), dans le nombre de redressements assis (p<0,0001), dans le nombre d’extensions des bras (p<0,0001) et dans la flexibilité (p=0,0099). Une amélioration significative au test de capacité aérobie maximale a aussi été observée (p=0,0002). En somme, cette étude démontre qu’un programme d’intervention parascolaire de 25 semaines est suffisant pour améliorer la condition physique des enfants.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of an after school program on healthy eating and an active lifestyle that involves parents participation in the fitness of primary school children. Thirty three children (6 boys / 27 girls) aged between 10 and 13 years were involved in this study. They participated in three workshops per week for 25 weeks. One to two sessions were devoted to physical activity and the third weekly meeting was specific to nutrition. Anthropometric measurements, muscle tests and the maximum aerobic capacity test were measured at the beginning and at the end of the 25-week intervention program. After the program, we found a significant improvement in most of the physical tests performed: grip strength (p=0.0015), seated sit-ups (p<0.0001), arm extensions (p<0,0001) and flexibility (p=0.0099). A significant improvement in the maximum aerobic capacity test was also observed (p=0.0002). This study demonstrates that a 25-week after-school intervention program is sufficient to improve the physical fitness of children.
Cellier-Holzem, Flora. "Spectroscopie des supernovae de type Ia des expériences SuperNova Legacy Survey et Nearby SuperNova Factory pour la cosmologie". Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066568.
Pełny tekst źródłaType Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are a powerful tool in cosmology today to study the acceleration of the universal expansion. Using as standardisable candles, they allow us to constrain the dark energy equation of state via a Hubble diagram. The spectroscopy is essential to build this diagram, on the one hand to secure the type of SNe Ia and estimate the redhsift, and on the other hand for a better knowledge of their physical properties to reduce the systematic uncertainties which limit the use of SNe Ia for cosmological works. In this context, I build a new sample of SN Ia spectra measured by the Very Large Telescope (VLT) for the SuperNova Legacy Survey (SNLS) experiment. These SN Ia data complete the existing sample to constitute the final VLT spectroscopic dataset of the SNLS. In addition to the inclusion in the Hubble diagram for cosmological analysis, this spectroscopic sample can be used to test if SNe Ia properties evolve with the redshift. I investigate this fundamental question for cosmology using the new VLT spectra sample of distant SNe Ia and the nearby object of the Nearby SuperNova Factory (SNF) experiment. These two samples are also a rich source of physical information for a better knowledge of SNe Ia and a better standardisation. For this purpose, I compare these data with various SNe Ia formation models to identify discriminant spectral area or parameters in order to constrain and improve the models to reproduce the observations and the SNe Ia variability
Mallea, Patrick. "Performance durable en santé et territoire : méthode d'anticipation et d'évaluation des vulnérabilités pour les agences régionales de santé (MAEVA)". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00566253.
Pełny tekst źródłaSte-Marie, Kyanne. "Évaluation de la collaboration intersectorielle en contexte de santé sociale : cas de l'Alliance sherbrookoise pour les jeunes en santé". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8788.
Pełny tekst źródłaMalléa, Patrick. "Performance durable en santé et territoire : méthode d'anticipation et d'évaluation des vulnérabilités pour les agences régionales de santé (MAEVA)". Paris, ENMP, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00566253.
Pełny tekst źródłaCan we, today, address the citizens' healthcare without talking about his territory ? This seems unbelievable, and the French government has already understood this and to answer to this question has designed and launched the "ARS", which stand for "Healthcare Regional Agency", in order to define and manage healthcare strategy at its own territory level (region). But, before arriving to this conclusion, the healthcare system had to reform itself along four centuries moving from healthcare concept to healthcare system concept. This has been conducted through several reforms from decision makers that had to use quantifiable elements to perform so. Therefore, some specific indicators, called "health deterministic indicators", have been put in place. Then, the sum of all these along the years bring the French government to launch the ARS which are defined within the law called "HPST" standing for Hospital Patient Healthcare and Territory). Now, if we are looking closer to the ARS mission, it clearly appears that they are closely linked to the notion of "sustainable performance" for which it is important to define underneath concepts as "Performance", "sustainable performance" and of course "healthcare sustainable performance". Then, to applied those healthcare sustainable performance principles, the ARS would have to learn how this performance could be increased or decreased based on some specific mechanisms. Therefore, the notions of "risk" and "vulnerability" became key components of such an approach. However, looking forward it appears that the vulnerability has a close link to risk and that the risk is essentially linked to a mismatch between the "offering" and the "demand" or the "needs" of the citizens. Then, by integrating all those aspects, the ARS would became a healthcare sustainable performance for a territory vector, thanks to new governances, a better risk management politic and the usage of performance measures as healthcare expenses for a territory, regulation tool. Based on this it is easy to understand that the ARS will be at the heart of the reform and will have to drive the regional health system. But, and it is true for all sectors (private and public), the management of such a system cannot be done without an accurate information system. Then, the next question is "what is an information system for a health system?" but also, "how to feed this information system in order to let it provide relevant information?" Therefore, to understand this, it is necessary to understand the definition of all existing information system types and their role in the healthcare environment and how the citizen and the patient will take benefits of that. Based on this theory, it is now interesting to better understand the status of the current health information system and why he has failed in his pupil service missions, and that in order to better understand how, through a new ARS governance, it will be possible to have health information system able to reach the sustainable performance goals. The failure notification and the willingness to get the French healthcare system out of this trap is real. However, it is important to notice that to succeed in the mission regarding the information system, it will be necessary to adopt an accurate methodology. But, it is also important to understand that after investigation, no such methodology has been found and it appears necessary to build one in order to satisfy the needs of health professionals, citizens, patients. The final goal being to allows the French health system to reach the health sustainable performance goals by the understanding and the resolution of business pains coming from the citizen requests known and understood at the right time and the right location. It is easy to understand that cannot be done without a better understanding of the human, geographical, politic, social and health environment that could be better handled through new technologies. Therefore, it will be possible to put in place certain of these technologies that will enable this approach by allowing a global access to data or simplifying application integration into complex business processes or providing analysis and permanent traceability tools allowing to take "preventive" decisions (real time) or "corrective" decisions (after past facts analysis). Everything, of course, being at maximum secured and with maximum integrity guarantee. This thought has bring to the definition of MAEVA methodology which seat in the middle of a particular context composed by actors (health professionals, citizens, politicians, patients, etc. ), stimulus (known or unknown meaning handled or not), the health system itself (on which the methodology is applied) and results (benefits for the health system increasing the sustainable performance of the health system). To do so, I has been necessary to build the method in two "layers". The first layer is made of components called "fundamentals" which permit to define the project foundations that has to be implemented by following MAEVA rules. These fundamentals, counted as four (plus one) allow the definition of a global consensus for the project and for the associated community of practice in order to successfully deliver the related project. The "fifth" fundamental allows the rationale to pursue on a new version or to stop the project in its current stage if the necessary condition to continue it are not met. Once these basis have been setup, the method offer the capability to define five actions which will allow to manage the project from the beginning until the final delivery. These actions are: "Integration", allowing the integration of the data sources needed to the project implementation; "Detection", allowing the definition of "actuators" components bringing to a risky situation ; "Anticipation", allowing the definition of self defense mechanisms against the previously mentioned "actuators"; "Action", allowing the realization of the project mission; and at the end, "Evaluation", offering factual elements to analyze project outcomes and provide therefore facts to the fundamental "Decide". All these components are linked within the methodology through two "tools": Iteration, allowing to complete a phases with results coming from an upfront phase; and the Active Memory Zone (ZAM) which is used to be the project memory in order to store traceability data, but also "keep in mind" all taken decisions. This methodology, as defined, hasn't been designed theoretically in few months, but has been the result of real life projects analyze done during the past five years in the area of health system performance. It is also good to know that the MAEVA approach based on consensus will be a great help for the ARS, as they will have, since the beginning, work with people, processes and information coming from diverse horizons that were, until now, more in competition rather than in collaboration mood. But all of this is just about the first version of the methodology and already, due to read publications, it appears that some research works, like "Design Thinking" should be integrated partially or totally in a future "release" of MAEVA
Parent, Charlotte. "Développement d'une plateforme autonome et portable et pour des applications santé". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAY037/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaMicrosystems utilizing microfluidic techniques offer the possibility to perform point-of-need biological analysis. An objective of these systems is to increase the efficiency, speed and accessibility of these analyses. In order to effectively develop this kind of device, a set of criteria must be established and adhered to. This set should address cost limitations, portability, user-friendliness, and accuracy of the results. Another objective is to propose a new portable system that has the capability to address as many applications as possible. To this end, complex biological assays with multiple steps and multiple reagents must be integrated and automated. ELISA is one such assay being considered.To deal with this issue, an innovative technique employs a hyper-elastic material joined to an X-Y architecture. The resulting chambers are flexible, thus allowing for calibration and mixing on the range of 1 µL to hundreds of µL. Several protocols are integrated and validated in microfluidic chips in order of increasing complexity. To start, a range of dilutions is performed, which is then used to calibrate biological assay. Next, an enzymatic assay and a homogeneous ELISA are integrated. Finally, heterogeneous ELISA, which is the aimed assay, is achieved.We present here a prototype to demonstrate the handling of the microfluidic chip. This platform is versatile and compatible with those that have been previously developed. Additionally, the introduction and integration of liquid reagents is proposed in order to completely automate the protocol
Baudoin, Martine. "Le système de santé américain, un exemple d'efficacité pour la France ?" Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P050.
Pełny tekst źródłaCornu, Raphaël. "Nanoparticules et santé : de grandes promesses thérapeutiques, mais pour quel risque ?" Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCE018.
Pełny tekst źródłaNanoparticles are defined as spherical structures with a maximum diameter of 100 nanometers. The application fields of nanoparticles including food and pharmaceutical industries are extremely broad. Human can be exposed daily to nanoparticles through various administration routes (oral, intravenous, pulmonary and cutaneous). Due to their size at the nanoscale, nanoparticles have unique physicochemical, inducing strong interactions with the biological environment. These features were widely exploited for the conception of nanomedicines for the diagnosis and the therapy. However, issues relative to their biological toxicity were addressed in the same time. This thesis work aims to investigate the potential toxicity of nanoparticles. Toxicological evaluation was performed using cell models adapted for the systemic and the oral routes. Mechanisms involved in the nanotoxicity were studied to identify toxicity factors. The first part of the work focused on the in vitro and in vivo hepatic toxicity of PLGA and silica nanoparticles. PLGA nanoparticles are used as drug carriers while silica nanoparticles play the role of anticaking agent in food industry and of pharmaceutical excipients. Their effects on the liver function and especially on the cytochrome P450 activity were investigated. The second part of the work consisted to study the impact of silica nanoparticles on the intestinal barrier, especially on the paracellular permeability and the integrity of the barrier. By emphasizing interspecies differences or the protective role of mucus, this project demonstrated that the choice of toxicological tools was crucial for a predictive nanotoxicity evaluation. Size, surface properties and composition were identified as major toxicity factors
Faulks, Denise. "Réduire les inégalités en santé orale pour les personnes à besoins spécifiques". Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF1DD05.
Pełny tekst źródłaMajor inequalities in health are recognised for persons with disability. The aim of this work is to identify universal tools to promote equality in oral health by exploring overlap between public health and special care issues, and by investigating both social and clinical solutions. Recent advances in public health are described. Discussion of the identification of special needs populations follows, including work drawn from the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. The direct and indirect influences of disability on oral health are presented based on studies into ability to perform self care, ability of carers to detect oral health problems and to undertake oral hygiene, access to oral health care, indicators of oral function, and the orofacial syndrome associated with Trisomy 21. Methods for limiting the indirect impact of disability on oral health are presented by placing public health issues within the context of disability. An integrated model of oral health care for persons with special needs is suggested, including training of primary health care professionals and development of supportive legislation. Techniques to palliate the direct influence of disability on oral health are proposed, including behaviour management and pharmacological techniques, and methods to prevent and compensate for orofacial dysfunction
Martin, Fabrine. "Ozone troposphérique : impact sur la santé". Lille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL2P013.
Pełny tekst źródłaLaraqui, Hossini Chakib El Houssine. "Apports et limites de l'information, de l'éducation et de la communication pour une santé pour tous en milieu de travail au Maroc". Paris 13, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA131010.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe trilogy information - education - communication (IEC) represents a non-negligible mean for the health promotion for everybody in the workplaces. The improvement of a country's sanitary level implies human resources, infrastructures and equipments, a rigorous managing and an equitable social cover system. But it does not need any less mentalities and behaviours in favour of health from which the interest in a preserving and continuous IEC programme. The specific objectives of a strategy aiming at making a durable change in the behaviours and in instating a favourable culture to health are the generalisation of the occupational health services to the entire active population and the engagement of occupational health physicians in a national IEC program for a health for everybody in the workplaces. This process is as well looking forward to sensibilize and mobilise around the high priority themes all the social partners to optimise resources and diminish waist. This action plan stands on the improvement of the prestations in occupational health, the reinforcement of the media's role and the social mobilisation
Assoko, Mve Diane. "Pour une codification réelle du droit de la santé publique au Gabon". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022TOUL0151.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe administrative and health authorities seem to demonstrate a desire to guarantee and protect people's health. However, the current state of public health law does not reflect this desire to improve the health conditions of the populations. This research work contains elements from field surveys to identify the reality of the country. This study responds to the need for the real codification of public health law to organize the public health administration, to supervise the activities related to public health, to secure medical and traditional medical practice, to determine the rights of the health system users, to protect the health of people through public health means, by showing the strengths and the weaknesses of the Gabonese health system. Recommendations were made to encourage the competent authorities to carry out improvements aimed at making the Gabonese health system efficient and of high quality
Levêque, Alain. "Traumatismes et épidémiologie: un cadre de réflexion ;une approche globale indispensable ;un rôle central pour l'épidémiologie". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211528.
Pełny tekst źródłaRavoux, Vincent. "Le panier de biens et de services de santé : une approche managériale pour la France". Dijon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DIJOE002.
Pełny tekst źródłaDavid, Amos Abayomi. "Processus EXPRIM, Image et IA pour un EIIAO individualisé (Enseignement par l'Image Intelligemment Assisté par Ordinateur) : le prototype BIRDS". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1990. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1990_DAVID_A_A.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaGanzola, Rossana. "Biomarqueurs neuroanatomiques chez les individus à haut risque pour le trouble bipolaire". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27506.
Pełny tekst źródłaBipolar disorder (BD) is a severe psychiatric disorder that affects a considerable proportion of humankind, and whose pathophysiology is still mostly unknown. Because relatives of patients with bipolar disorders are known to be at heightened risk for developing different types of mood disorders, the assessment of these individuals at an age that typically precedes disease onset is a relevant strategy for elucidating developmental and risk factors associated with an increased risk for BD and other affective disorders such as major depression. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) investigations in youths at high risk (HR) can help identify genetic vulnerabilities and potential risk markers of the earliest presence, nature, and extent of brain changes that occur during development of this illness and/or diseases associated with BD. This dissertation contributes to the body of research in this field by exploring brain morphology in asymptomatic adolescents and young adults at high risk of developing BD. In the first study (cf. Chapter II), we performed a meta-analysis of voxelbased morphometry (VBM) studies comparing grey and white matter in patients diagnosed with BD to healthy subjects, in order to better explain and understand the neuroanatomical changes related to the disease. This metaanalysis demonstrated the involvement of some gray and white matter regions, especially the frontal, cingulate, and parahippocampal cortices, the striatum, and connections located in the temporal lobe, the cingulate and insular cortices. In light of this study, we wished to explore the same regions in a group of asymptomatic subjects at high risk of developing the disease. Thus, in our second study (cf. Chapter III), we explored gray and white matter morphology using different techniques in eight children of BD patients from Québec compared with age- and sex-matched control individuals without family history of psychiatric disorders. Results reveal alterations in BD offsprings mainly located in cortical volumes and thicknesses in limbic, parietal, and frontal areas, as well as reduced white matter integrity in frontothalamic connections. With this study we confirmed the involvement of the frontal and parahippocampal cortices not only in bipolar disorder, but also as a possible endophenotype associated with a genetic risk of developing this illness. Finally, we investigated white matter (WM) integrity using diffusion tensor images (DTI) in a bigger sample of young subjects at HR of mood disorders recruited in Scotland. WM integrity differences between relatives of BD patients and controls were analyzed both at baseline and after longitudinal follow-up, at which point some high-risk subjects developed major depressive disorder. A reduced WM integrity in genetic high-risk subjects compared with controls was confirmed in this largest Scottish sample (cf. Chapter IV). Moreover, we demonstrated an association between WM integrity in different regions and sub-clinic symptoms of depression at baseline in HR subjects. Finally, we detected a progressive loss of WM integrity with time in both HR subjects and controls (cf. Chapter V). This dissertation provides compelling evidence that HR individuals present distinct neuroanatomical characteristics in both gray and white matter. The results have important theoretical and clinical implications, in that they contribute to clarifying the morphological features of this group and increasing our knowledge of the pathophysiology of BD in order to ameliorate the diagnostic process.
Chollet-Vatin, Myriam. "Former pour mieux éduquer pour la santé : dispositifs de formation continue en sexologie de l'adolescent en Guadeloupe". Thesis, Paris Est, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PEST0024.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe gist of this research is undertanding the influence of continuing education training programs calling upon the analysis of practice, aiming at promoting health and developing the professionalism of people who work with teenagers in various fields and their capacity for empowerment. Our investigations, conducted in Guadeloupe, focused on conceiving and implementing a session to obtain a university diploma in teenage sexology. Various types of data were analyzed : training logbook, researching professionnals‟ requests and previous training, recording analyses workshops on practice (GEASE), group projects drafted by students, on health education actions.The results of our study have revealed that continuing education programs based on the analysis of real life situations, experienced by participants, help train reflexive practitioners. Our research has alsohelped underline that training programs conceived as health promotion programs lead health educators to adopt the same conception in their practice
Sabourin, Vicki. "Évaluation du processus utilisé pour recruter les infirmières autorisées à l’Hôpital Montfort : une étude de cas". Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30393.
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