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Bensalem, Said. "Construction du rapport au risque professionnel et santé psychique au travail : une question de genre ? Le cas de conducteurs et conductrices de bus". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023TOU20057.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the field of the social and occupational psychology, it is at the crossroads of two research themes - health at work and occupational risk - that our research is situated, with the aim of analysing, the as yet little-documented, issue of inequalities in health at work between men and women.Our thesis looks at a counter-stereotypical occupational integration for women - in this case, female bus drivers - to examine, firstly, whether it is possible to establish differences in psychological health between these female bus drivers and their male counterparts, and secondly, whether these differences can be linked to gendered relationships to occupational risk, which is omnipresent in this profession.This analysis is being conducted from the angle of a psychosocial approach to relationships between spheres of life, based on the model of plural socialisation developed in the LPS-DT Laboratory: the aim is to look beyond the subjects' professional sphere alone (by taking into account experiences of risk in other spheres of life) in order to understand both the construction of health at work and the construction of the relationship to occupational risk and their interrelationships.The clinical approach adopted for this research mobilizes several methodologies: observation of the activity in situation, on board the buses; a task of verbal association around the notions of risk and occupational risk; individual interviews (three per subject). This in-depth approach was applied to a sample of six bus drivers employed by the same transport company.Analysis of the data collected showed that the differences identified between men and women do not so much concern the level of psychological health at work as the processes by which it is constructed.We were also able to establish the existence of differences in the relationship to occupational risk, characterised on the basis of singular articulations between several of its dimensions (representation of risk; coping strategies with risk; risk-taking behaviour): we also identified a 'male consonance' and a 'female dissonance' within these relationships.The study of intersignification processes to account for the construction of such gendered relationships to occupational risk showed that the extension of the field of intersignification also differs between female and male bus drivers; an extended field for women, a field 'limited' to professional experience for most of the men, which can have an impact on attitudes towards occupational risk and mental health at work.However, beyond these gendered differences, it is also the singular positions towards risk, presented by this or that subject within each sub-group - men/women - that the processes of intersignification of risk experiences in different areas of life can shed light on; personalisation opens up perspectives here which – without denying the effect of gendered acculturation – make it possible to go beyond them.The results of this thesis invite us to reconsider the place of occupational risk in the bus driver's job, with the aim to developing preventive practices. As well as being an objective variable linked to the work situation, risk must also be considered in its subjective dimension - the relationship to risk -, constructed at individual level, as we have shown, but also at the level of the work group, where it could be the subject of specific work as part of a prevention approach
Dargnies, Marie Pierre. "Genre et goût pour la compétition : une approche par l'économie expérimentale". Paris 1, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00450807.
Pełny tekst źródłaCreissels, Anne. "Le travail du mythe dans l'art contemporain : la différence des sexes en question". Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0057.
Pełny tekst źródłaHow does gender differences, wich structures our relationship to the world and to the other, could not shape the fields of art and myth ? Far from being absent, this implicitly - and sometimes explicitly - is at the heart of mythical and artistic structures. Postulating a "work" of the myth in contemporary art requires an evaluation of the links and the gaps between gender relationships and its representations. A social and anthropological approach seems necessary to take into consideration the meaning that works of art produce as well as identificatory images conveyed by society. Do art and myths have a gender ? Their claim to universality is sufficient to instill doubt. As "free" modes of expression, should they not be questionned ? As institution and perpetuation tools of a dominant thinking system, could they not however also be the place for an appropriation and possible deconstruction ?
Longpré, Verret Léamaude. "L'écart salarial entre les hommes et les femmes immigrants qualifiés au Québec". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25731.
Pełny tekst źródłaMillán, Game Elena. "Le cours de la vie selon le sexe : une étude sur les différences d'attitudes et de comportements des hommes et des femmes d'Europe suivant leurs âges". Paris 5, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA05H043.
Pełny tekst źródłaTerrier, Camille. "Three Essays in Economics of Education". Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0152.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe first chapter of this thesis examines the impact of teacher gender bias on students' progress, their schooling trajectories, and achievement inequalities between boys and girls. The second chapter looks at the algorithm used in France to assign teachers to regions and then to schools. This chapter presents the algorithm currently used, emphasizes its limits in terms of mobility, and presents a class of alternative allocation mechanisms. We show what the properties of these mechanisms are, and empirically analyze what would be the impact of a transition from the current algorithm to an alternative algorithms on teachers' welfare, schools' welfare and fairness. The last chapter enriches the second one by incorporating differences in attractiveness between regions in the algorithm. This allows to finely regulate the annual outgoing flow of teachers in these regions
Debray-Duhamel, Anne. "Le travail des femmes élues à la Chambre des Représentants américaine : 1990-1996". Nice, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NICE2022.
Pełny tekst źródłaGalerand, Elsa. "Les rapports sociaux de sexe et leur (dé)matérialisation : retour sur le corpus revendicatif de la marche mondiale des femmes de 2000". Thèse, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2007. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2456/1/D1831.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaPilote, Anne-Marie. "L’appropriation des technologies de l’information et de la communication dans le processus d’autonomisation des jeunes femmes d’Afrique de l’Ouest". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25470.
Pełny tekst źródłaLes femmes ont globalement un tiers de chance en moins que les hommes de bénéficier des avantages de la société de l’information en Afrique de l’Ouest francophone. Pourtant, plusieurs travaux montrent que les progrès réalisés dans les domaines des technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) pavent la voie à une plus grande contribution des Africaines, particulièrement pour celles âgées de 18 à 35 ans, aux sphères politiques, économiques et sociales (PNUD, 2012). Notre projet a consisté à étudier les modalités d’appropriation des TIC de jeunes professionnelles de cette tranche d’âge issues de cette région du monde, regroupées au sein de coopératives et utilisant les outils technologiques dans leurs activités quotidiennes. S’appuyant sur 16 entretiens individuels semi-dirigés menés à Cotonou au Bénin de juin à août 2013, les résultats de notre recherche révèlent que les jeunes femmes interrogées se servent des TIC de multiples façons et que les usages développés favorisent leur autonomisation. Si l’appropriation de ces outils leur donne des moyens efficaces d’améliorer leurs conditions de vie, elle ne permet toutefois pas nécessairement de transformer une structure sociale qui les désavantage traditionnellement.
Vandersmissen, Marie-Hélène. "Mobilité géographique et professionnelle des femmes dans la région urbaine de Québec, 1977-1996". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0017/NQ56847.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaCarrillo, Paloma. "Essais en économie du développement : prise de décision intra-familiale et gestion publique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 1, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023TOU10011.
Pełny tekst źródłaOne of the main objectives of development economics is to produce findings that easily translate into policy recommendations. My thesis explores two topics that can influence policies aimed at empowering women and improving the functioning of public institutions in Latin America. In the first two chapters, I investigate the impact of gender norms and exposure to violence on women's decision-making power within households in Mexico. In the third chapter, I examine how reducing information frictions can enhance the use of public administrative data to improve the management and services of courts in Chile.In the first chapter, I investigate why working mothers in Mexico dedicate an average of eighteen hours more to weekly paid and unpaid work than fathers. Particularly, I examine the role gender norms play in determining this work time disparity. To do so, I extend a collective labor supply model with household production to include gender norms and estimate it using Mexican survey data from 2002, 2005, and 2009. The model predictions can replicate the changes in total work time disparity over time. I find that more egalitarian gender norms reduce the total work time disparity between spouses and that their impact is comparable with that of wages. For example, a 16 percentage-point increase in a gender norm index between 2002 and 2005 caused a 2.6-hour decrease in total work time disparity mainly through an increase in women's bargaining power. To achieve the same 2.6-hour reduction, women's wages would need to increase by 11% over 2005 levels.In the second chapter, using longitudinal data on household decision-making in Mexico, I explore the impact of a violence environment, measured by homicides, on spouses' decisions and their bargaining power. I find that an increase in the homicide rate decreases the number of decisions taken by women and men, thus reducing the number of decisions taken jointly. For example, the average increase of 9.3 homicides in the twelve-month homicide rate during the War on Drugs caused couples to decrease the number of joint decisions by 6% from its baseline. The changes in joint decisions represent a reversal into more historical gender spheres of decisions, with men lowering their participation in decisions about children's education and clothing while women reducing their decisions on male private consumption goods and large expenditures. Suggesting that although the reduction in number of decisions was similar for both women and men, community violence might dis-empower women in the household.The last topic I analyse in this thesis relates to public institutions. In Latin America, there is a wealth of administrative data available from public institutions. However, a lack of data management and analytic skills is a significant barrier to utilizing this data for evidence-based decision-making. In the third chapter, co-authored with Daniel Chen, Manuel Ramos-Masqueda, and Bernardo Silveira, we examine the extent to which information frictions in management are a meaningful barrier to court productivity in Chile. First, we randomly promote the use of an online platform featuring court statistics through email campaigns directed towards court managers. Second, within this platform, we simplify the main homepage feedback containing the information on court statistics and randomize managers' access to it. We find that the email promotion and the simplification of the homepage feedback enhance court productivity across multiple indicators. For instance, the new simplified homepage increased case clearance by one standard deviation for those who log into the platform. Additionally, we find that the treatments are more effective for more experienced court managers, who have less accurate baseline beliefs. This suggests that reducing information frictions not only enhances overall court performance but also helps bridge the performance gap between less and more experienced court managers
Soule, Ichola. "Impact de l'expérience professionnelle sur la productivité des médecins omnipraticiens au Québec". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25798.
Pełny tekst źródłaQuebec's population is aging. This aging causes many consequences such as growing rise in health spending. In addition, recent developments in the medical profession in Quebec are characterized by increasing feminization. These indicators are calling for reforms to improve the efficiency of health services. The study on general practitioners’ productivity through their careers can help inform policy on appropriate reforms. We have a panel data combining survey and administrative data on Quebec practitioner physicians. The maximum likelihood estimation shows that general practitioners’ productivity is based on their experiences, evolves approximately as a bell curve with a plateau between the slice’s ages of 35 and 65. Men are on average more productive than women with a difference ranging from 15 to 49%. Keywords: productivity, work experience, general practitioners.
Lamy, Leandre. "Évaluation des effets d'un programme de mentorat par les pairs sur la pratique d'activité physique et la condition physique de jeunes adultes au collégial". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68629.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe actual portrait of the health behaviours of young adults reveals alarming data about the physical activity level (Colley, Garriguet, Janssen, Craig, Clarke & Tremblay, 2011). To help them adopt increase their physical activity level, it seems appropriate to set up interventions that mobilize the action of their peers (Canadian Institute for Research on Fitness and Lifestyle, 2014; 2015). They seem to give them special importance when the time comes to adopt healthy lifestyle habits (DuBois & Karcher, 2014). Therefore, peer mentoring seems a promising avenue. Although the characteristics of this type of intervention have been documented in the literature, few studies have evaluated its effects in mentees (Sallis, Calfas, Nichols, Sarkin, Johnson, Caparosa, Thomson & Alcaraz, 1999; Boyle, Mattern, Lassister & Ritzler, 2011) and even fewer have done so with mentors (Lubans, Morgan, Aguiar & Callister, 2011). From this perspective, the present study had two objectives: 1) to evaluate the effects of a peer mentoring program in college settings on the practice of physical activity, physical condition, eating behaviours, consumption of fruits and vegetables. and the sense of personal effectiveness of mentees and mentors; 2) explore the moderating role of gender and participants' initial level of physical activity on the effects of the program. These objectives were investigated using a study with a quasi-experimental design using 104 young adults (mentors n = 38, non-mentors n = 33, mentees n = 21 and non-mentees n = 12). Questionnaires as well as physical tests made it possible to measure the main variables. The covariance analyzes show that at the end of the intervention, mentees adopted fewer behaviours aimed at gaining weight than non-mentees, while mentors adopted fewer behaviours aimed at losing weight than non-mentors. In addition, moderation analyzes reveal effects in men regardless of their initial level of physical activity but not in women. In fact, 1) mentee men exhibit better estimated maximal volume of oxygen consumption (VO₂ max) than non-mentee men, 2) male mentors show a lower body mass index (BMI) than non-mentor men and 3) male mentors report more behaviours aimed at gaining weight than non-mentor men. However, although our results suggest these effects, it seems essential to us to interpret them with caution due to some methodological limitations, in particular the small sampling. We often see them as tendencies to take in count for future research. However, our results suggest that we must consider sex of participants when time comes to orient, implement, and operationalize mentoring programs, particularly for the mentors.
Boni-Le, Goff Isabel. "Le sexe de l'expert : régimes de genre et dynamique des inégalités dans l'espace du conseil en management". Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00877764.
Pełny tekst źródłaGauthier, Mélanie. "Relation entre les comportements extériorisés et la stabilité de l'expérience de garde chez les enfants de 4 à 5 ans qui fréquentent un centre de la petite enfance". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26469.
Pełny tekst źródłaBédard, Édith. "Identité de genre et expérience professionnelle des hommes éducateurs à la petite enfance". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25392.
Pełny tekst źródłaBouda, Wendpouiré Adèle. "Impact de l'expérience professionnelle sur la productivité des médecins spécialistes au Québec". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26688.
Pełny tekst źródłaOlivier, Alice. "Étudiants singuliers, hommes pluriels : orientations et socialisations masculines dans des formations "féminines" de l’enseignement supérieur". Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IEPP0015.
Pełny tekst źródłaFocusing on male students in so-called “female” study paths in higher education, this thesis investigates the production of atypical trajectories and gendered socialisations. It is based on a double case study of midwifery and social work training programmes in France that combines interviews, observations and statistical analyses. While the literature on atypical trajectories of women emphasises the role of dispositions, this study of dominants in a situation of numerical minority shows the importance of contexts. Many “atypical” men are not the most disposed to opt for a “female” study path: it is above all institutional, relational, and economic logics that encourage this choice, even though individual action patterns – particularly in terms of class and gender – also play a decisive role. An analysis articulating these variables reveals four logics at the root of these atypical choices: flexibility, openness, pragmatism, and strategy. Once in training, the few men who do choose this path are subject to singularisation processes, but are also required to respect a strong norm of gender equality. Depending on the situation, they are expected to alternate between different gendered practices, i.e. to juggle with the “feminine” and the “masculine”. Mastering this gender flexibility has many benefits, but not all men know how to or can take advantage of them. This thesis thus highlights the workings of the gender order: it sheds light on the hierarchy between the sexes, but also on the hierarchy that organises men among themselves in a context of valuing diversity and equality
Nawaz, Shamaila. "Sex and the city : gender gaps in labor markets and economic geography". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1074.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis dissertation explores the geographical dimension of the gender gaps in the labor market. The investigated issues include the variation of urban wage premium across genders (chapter two), exploration of different mechanisms behind stronger location effects for females' labor market gains (chapter three), and the gender gap in the urban returns to experience (chapter four). The second chapter undertakes a cross-sectional analysis by using French data to estimate the urban wage premium and its variation across genders. The findings confirm the existence of an urban wage premium that is significantly higher for women. A twofold increase in employment density of an area results in a 2.4 percent reduction in the gender wage gap, which increases to 4 percent when we exclude manual workers occupational category. Contrary to the rest of the occupations, the density effect favors men in the manual workers category. The third chapter seeks to find the mechanisms behind the stronger location effects on labor market gains for women by employing the within estimate approach. Results suggest that half of the urban wage premium is contributed by the sorting of workers according to skill type across different areas. However, in addition to skill sorting other individual heterogeneities also contribute to the excess urban wage premium for females. Firm level agglomeration effects attribute a minor part to the excess urban wage premium for females. The left over premium is a result of pure urban effects (lower discrimination, better matching, urban amenities)
Huguet, Pascal. "Catégorisations, insertions sociales et performances cognitives : approche expérimentale". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992CLF20035.
Pełny tekst źródłaA review of the main dealing with "social facilitation" (zajonc 1965) and "social loafing" (latane, williams & harkins, 1979) reveal that explanatory systems supposed to give one an account of the influence of others' presence on individual performances are based on an "extrinsic conception" of the relationships existing between social dimension and human function. This conception, which attributes to the social dimension an, therefore, to the others' presence, the status of an external source of variation, is examined, this has to be referred to recent studies (monteil, 1988,1991) which attest that previous social insertions, and, son individual social histoiry, play an important part in the cognitive management of current social conditions of learning. Theses studies, which allow us to envision a participation of the social dimension to the elaboration of cognitive machanisms and processes, also invite us to explore what could be the effects of experimental mobilization of categorizations and social merberships on individual cognitive performances. The findings of our 4 studies confirmed our expectations. They lead one to take into account the subject's categorizations and memberships as well as their condition of activation or mobilization in order to show the influence exerted by others over individual performances. As prevously displayed by montell, our results resist to expanatory systems used in the framework of facilitation and social loefing. Finally, these results permit us to consider individual cognitive productions as being partly ruled by activation or mobilization, in specific social insertions, of values or norms internalized by the subject during his history. Thus, this work emphasizes the legitimacy of a socio-cognitive orientation aiming at articulating social dynamics and cognitive dynamics
Barros, Marie-Jeanne de. "Représentations de la notion de performance par les entrepreneurs : une approche par le sexe et par le genre". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED007.
Pełny tekst źródłaLiterature tends to assume implicitly the existence of a biological determinism to explain the differences between men and women entrepreneurs. Our aim was to study the representations of business performance based on the notion of sex (biological sex: female & male), and gender (the social sex: feminity & masculinity). Could masculinity and/or femininity reveal differences in representing business performance between men and women entrepreneurs? Three quantitative studies, based on ANOVA and t-Test, were used to analyze data collected by questionnaire from 244 entrepreneurs. A qualitative study was used to model data collected during individual interview of six entrepreneurs.We found that differences in representing business performance cannot be revealed neither by the distinction of category of sex (male / female), nor by gender categories (Male, Female, Androgynous, Undifferentiated) as defined by the Bem Sex Role Inventory. Also, we confirm that collective representations of the performance by the entrepreneurs have evolved and go well beyond the simple pursuit of economic profit, and can be more closely related to current social values