Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / HYDROTREATED OIL

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „HYDROTREATED OIL”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 11 września 2023

Data aktualizacji: 16 kwietnia 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "HYDROTREATED OIL"

Tilli, Aki, Tuomo Hulkkonen, Ossi Kaario, Martti Larmi, Teemu Sarjovaara i Kalle Lehto. "Biofuel blend late post-injection effects on oil dilution and diesel oxidation catalyst performance". International Journal of Engine Research 19, nr 9 (24.10.2017): 941–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087417736466.

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In this article, the effects of different biofuel–diesel blends on engine oil dilution and diesel oxidation catalyst performance during late post-injections were investigated. The engine tests were made with an off-road diesel engine under low load conditions at 1200 r/min engine speed. During the experiments, oil samples were periodically taken from the engine oil and later analyzed. Emissions and temperatures before and after the diesel oxidation catalyst were also measured. The fuels studied were fossil EN590:2013 diesel fuel, 30 vol.% biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester) and 30 vol.% hydrotreated vegetable oil, which is a paraffinic diesel fuel fulfilling the EN15940 specification. The novelty of the study is based on two parts. First, similar late post-injection tests were run with blends of both hydrotreated vegetable oil and fatty acid methyl ester, giving a rare comparison with the fuels. Second, oil dilution and the fuel exit rates during normal mode without the late post-injections were measured. The results showed the oil dilution and the diesel oxidation catalyst performance to be very similar with regular diesel and hydrotreated vegetable oil blend. With the fatty acid methyl ester blend, increased oil dilution, smaller temperature rise in the diesel oxidation catalyst and higher emissions were measured. This indicates that during diesel particulate filter regeneration by late post-injections, fatty acid methyl ester blends increase fuel consumption and require shorter oil change intervals, while hydrotreated vegetable oil blends require no parameter changes.

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Tarusov, D. V., V. K. Slakaev, G. S. Mutovkin, V. E. Znaemov, A. N. Karpov, N. Y. Bashkirtseva, A. V. Tarasov i D. V. Borisanov. "Changing the properties of narrow fractions in the process of hydrotreating light coking gas oil". World of petroleum products 04 (2022): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32758/2782-3040-2022-0-4-36-41.

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Currently, the main products of the delayed coking plant in the Russian Federation (after hydrotreating) are gasoline and diesel fuel summer. The paper presents the results of a study of the properties of narrow fractions of coking gas oil and hydrotreated coking gas oil, which showed the prospect of organizing production based on the coking process of more marginal aviation kerosene and winter diesel fuel. The separation of products into narrow 20 degree fractions was carried out on an automatic distillation unit AUTOMAXX 9100. The dependences of nitrogen, sulfur, aromatics, density, and low-temperature properties on the boiling temperatures of narrow fractions of the composition of light coking gas oil and hydrotreated light coking gas oil have been studied. Analysis of the properties of narrow fractions of hydrotreated light coking gas oil has shown the theoretical possibility of obtaining fractions of jet fuel and winter diesel fuel on its basis, instead of summer diesel fuel.

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Glebov, L. S., i E. V. Glebova. "Pyrolysis of hydrotreated vacuum gas oil". Petroleum Chemistry 55, nr 3 (maj 2015): 238–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0965544115020103.

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Butsykina, Ekaterina R., Natalia N. Gerasimova, Ekaterina A. Shaleva i Nadezhda I. Krivtsova. "Nitrogen-containing compounds of Kazakhstan petroleum vacuum gas oil". Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University Geo Assets Engineering 334, nr 12 (27.12.2023): 209–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2023/12/4217.

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Relevance. The need to accumulate data on nitrogen-containing compounds of heavy fractions, the share of which in secondary oil refining is steadily increasing every year. With the weight of raw materials the amount of sulfur-, nitrogen- and oxygen-containing components in it increases. The high content of heteroatomic compounds has a negative impact on catalytic processing, the quality and performance characteristics of the products obtained, and the environment. One of the widespread processes for upgrading crude oil, in particular, vacuum gas oil, is hydrotreating. However, during the catalytic hydrodesulfurization of heavy distillates the reactions of hydrogenolysis of organic sulfur compounds are inhibited in the presence of nitrogen-containing compounds. At the same time, the degree of hydrodenitrogenation of heavy oil fractions is relatively low. It is known that petroleum nitrogen-containing compounds are divided into nitrogenous bases titrated with acid solutions and nonbasic nitrogen compounds. Nitrogenous bases are represented mainly by alkylbenzo- and alkylnaphthenobenzo derivatives of pyridine. Nonbasic compounds may include benzologs of pyrrole and amides. Determining the composition of nitrogen-containing compounds in vacuum gas oil and studying their transformations during hydrotreatment is an important and actual problem. Aim. Comparative study of high- and low-molecular nitrogenous bases and nonbasic nitrogen-containing compounds of vacuum gas oil of Kazakhstan oil before and after hydrotreating. Objects. Samples taken before and after the catalytic hydrotreatment of vacuum gas oil from Kazakhstan oil. Methods. Hydrotreatment, elemental analysis, potentiometric titration, benzene cryoscopy, IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy, structural group analysis. Results. The paper introduces a comparative characteristic of the composition and structure of high and low molecular weight nitrogenous bases from the original and hydrotreated vacuum gas oil. Under the conditions of hydrotreatment, the total removal of nitrogen was 6.56 wt %, and the content of Nbas. decreased by 36%. At the same time, nitrogenous bases in the hydrotreated product are characterized by low molecular weights. Using IR spectroscopy, similar structural fragments were identified in the nitrogen compounds of the original and hydrotreated vacuum gas oil: pyridine rings (1573–1574 cm–1), carboxylic (3209–3225 and 1701–1709 cm–1) and sulfoxide (1032–1033 cm–1) groups. Among the nitrogen-containing compounds of the original vacuum gas oil, amides (1647–1648 cm–1) were identified, which are absent in the composition of nitrogen-containing compounds of the hydrotreated vacuum gas oil. Hydrocarbon skeletons of molecules include aromatic (1599–1602 cm–1) and aliphatic fragments (2860–2960 and 1454–1460, 1377, 723–727 cm–1). In accordance with the results of the structural group analysis, the averaged molecules of high and low molecular weight nitrogenous bases of the original and hydrotreated vacuum gas oil are represented by naphthenoaromatic structures with different alkyl framing. The differences observed between the values of individual structural parameters of the nitrogenous bases average molecules of the original and hydrotreated vacuum gas oil may indicate the compounds transformations under study during hydrotreatment.

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Mohammed, Abdul Halim A. K., Hussaiin K. Hussaiin i Tariiq M. Naiieff. "PRODUCTION OF GRAPHITE ELECTRODES BINDER FROM IRAQI ASPHALT". Journal of Engineering 12, nr 01 (1.03.2006): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2006.01.16.

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Basrah crude oil Vacuum residue 773+ K with specific gravity 1.107 and 4.87wt. % sulfur, wastreated with hexane commercial fraction provided from Al-Taji Gas Company for preparingdeasphaltened oil(DAO)suitable for hydrotreating process.Deasphaltening was carried out with 1h mixing time, 10ml:1g solvent to oil ratio and at roomtemperature. Hexane deasphaltened oil was hydrotreated on presulfied commercial Co-Mo/ 2 3 g − Al O catalyst in a trickle bed reactor. The hydrotreating process was carried out at temperature 660 K,LHSV 1.3h –1, H2/oil ratio 300 l/l and constant pressure of 4MPa. The hydrotreated product was distillated under vacuum distillation unit. It is found that the mixture of 75% of vacuum residue with 25% anthracene satisfies with requirements for graphite electrodes binder.

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Ibraheem, Muzher M., Abdulhaleem A. Mohammad i Ayser T. Jarullah. "Effect of Operating Conditions on Sulfur and Metal Content of Basrah Crude Oil". Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 16, nr 2 (30.06.2009): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.16.2.04.

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In the present work, Basrah crude oil, atmospheric distillate of 305-623 K boiling range, vacuum distillate of 623-823 K boiling range, and wide petroleum distillate of boiling range 305-823 K are hydrotreated in trickle bed reactor using Cobalt- Molybdenum alumina as a catalyst. Hydrotreating temperatures are 598-648K, 598- 673K, 648-673K and 648K respectively while LHSV are 0.7-2 hr-1, 1 hr-1, 0.7-2 hr-1 respectively. The operating pressure and H2/Oil ratio for all experiments are kept constant at 3 Mpa and 300 liter/liter. The results show that Sulphur and metal content decreased with increasing temperature and decreasing LHSV. Vacuum residue of boiling range above 823K is mixed with hydrotreated atmospheric distillate, vacuum distillate and with the hydrotreated wide petroleum distillate. The temperature for hydrotreating the mixed sample is 648K and LHSV is 1 hr-1. It was found that hydrotreating crude oil is the best choice since it gives the highest removal of sulphur, vanadium and cobalt removal..

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Zhang, Ying, Xiu Chen, Linzhou Zhang, Quan Shi, Suoqi Zhao i Chunming Xu. "Specification of the nitrogen functional group in a hydrotreated petroleum molecule using hydrogen/deuterium exchange electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry". Analyst 145, nr 13 (2020): 4442–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0an00772b.

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ISKENDIROV, B. ZH, G. F. SAGITOVA, S. Т. TANASHEV i А. U. SARSENBAYEVA. "STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF HEAVY OIL RESIDUES ON THE YIELDS OF CATALYTIC CRACKING PRODUCTS". Neft i Gaz, nr 1 (28.02.2023): 126–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37878/2708-0080/2023-1.11.

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The results of the study of the process of catalytic cracking of fuel oil on a microspherical zeolite-containing catalyst showed that the cracking of a mixture consisting of hydrotreated vacuum gas oil (85% by weight) and sulfurous fuel oil (15% by weight) leads to an increase in the yield of catalytic distillate by 5.4 – 7.7% by weight, for a mass feed rate of 2 and 4 hours 1, respectively. At the same time, there is a change in the output of all distillate components compared to their output from pure vacuum gas oil. A decrease in coke deposition on the catalyst by 1.9 – 2.6% by weight and an improvement in the quality of the products obtained were found. The content of sulfur and unsaturated hydrocarbons in gasoline obtained from hydrotreated raw materials is less, aromatic compounds are more. Light and heavy gas oils also contain significantly less sulfur. These studies will deepen the oil refining process, increase the yield of catalytic distillate and reduce the environmental burden.

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Han, S., X. Cheng, S. Ma i T. Ren. "Light Stability Improvement of Hydrotreated Naphthenic Rubber Oil". Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 32, nr 14 (styczeń 2010): 1326–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567030802654020.

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Huang, T., X. G. Cheng, H. Gao i R. X. Liang. "Composition of Floccules Formed in Hydrotreated Base Oil". Petroleum Science and Technology 27, nr 5 (11.03.2009): 464–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10916460701853952.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "HYDROTREATED OIL"

Akhlaghi, Shahin. "Degradation of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber and fluoroelastomers in rapeseed biodiesel and hydrogenated vegetable oil". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Fiber- och polymerteknologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-202422.

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Biodiesel and hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) are currently viewed by the transportation sector as the most viable alternative fuels to replace petroleum-based fuels. The use of biodiesel has, however, been limited by the deteriorative effect of biodiesel on rubber parts in automobile fuel systems. This work therefore aimed at investigating the degradation of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) and fluoroelastomers (FKM) on exposure to biodiesel and HVO at different temperatures and oxygen concentrations in an automated ageing equipment and a high-pressure autoclave. The oxidation of biodiesel at 80 °C was promoted by an increase in the oxygen partial pressure, resulting in the formation of larger amounts of hydroperoxides and acids in the fuel. The fatty acid methyl esters of the biodiesel oxidized less at 150 °C on autoclave aging, because the termination reactions between alkyl and alkylperoxyl radicals dominated over the initiation reactions. HVO consists of saturated hydrocarbons, and remained intact during the exposure. The NBR absorbed a large amount of biodiesel due to fuel-driven internal cavitation in the rubber, and the uptake increased with increasing oxygen partial pressure due to the increase in concentration of oxidation products of the biodiesel. The absence of a tan δ peak (dynamical mechanical measurements) of the bound rubber and the appearance of carbon black particles devoid of rubber suggested that the cavitation was caused by the detachment of bound rubber from particle surfaces. A significant decrease in the strain-at-break and in the Payne-effect amplitude of NBR exposed to biodiesel was explained as being due to the damage caused by biodiesel to the rubber-carbon-black network. During the high-temperature autoclave ageing, the NBR swelled less in biodiesel, and showed a small decrease in the strain-at-break due to the cleavage of rubber chains. The degradation of NBR in the absence of carbon black was due only to biodiesel-promoted oxidative crosslinking. The zinc cations released by the dissolution of zinc oxide particles in biodiesel promoted reduction reactions in the acrylonitrile part of the NBR. Heat-treated star-shaped ZnO particles dissolved more slowly in biodiesel than the commercial ZnO nanoparticles due to the elimination of inter-particle porosity by heat treatment. The fuel sorption was hindered in HVO-exposed NBR by the steric constraints of the bulky HVO molecules. The extensibility of NBR decreased only slightly after exposure to HVO, due to the migration of plasticizer from the rubber. The bisphenol-cured FKM co- and terpolymer swelled more than the peroxide-cured GFLT-type FKM in biodiesel due to the chain cleavage caused by the attack of biodiesel on the double bonds formed during the bisphenol curing. The FKM rubbers absorbed biodiesel faster, and to a greater extent, with increasing oxygen concentration. It is suggested that the extensive biodiesel uptake and the decrease in the strain-at-break and Young’s modulus of the FKM terpolymer was due to dehydrofluorination of the rubber by the coordination complexes of biodiesel and magnesium oxide and calcium hydroxide particles. An increase in the CH2-concentration of the extracted FKM rubbers suggested that biodiesel was grafted onto the FKM at the unsaturated sites resulting from dehydrofluorination.

QC 20170227

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Bock, Wolfgang, Jürgen Braun i Tobias Schürrmann. "Hydraulic fluids with new, modern base oils – structure and composition, difference to conventional hydraulic fluids; experience in the field". Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-199487.

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The paper describes the comparison and the difference of modern hydraulic fluids compared to conventional hydraulic fluids. A comparison of different base oil groups, solvent neutrals, group I and comparison with hydrotreated/hydroprocessed group II and/or group III base oils is presented. The influence on oxidation stability, elastomer compatibility, carbon distribution and physical properties is outlined.

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Carr, M. Aaron. "The Comparison of Hydrotreated Vegetable Oils With respect to Petroleum Derived Fuels and the Effects of Transient Plasma Ignition in a Compression-Ignition Engine". Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/17333.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
This thesis presents the results of an experimental study of the combustion characteristics of algae and camelina derived biofuels as well as the effects of Transient Plasma Ignition in a Compression-Ignition Engine. Testing was conducted for Hydrotreated Renewable Diesel, algae, and benchmarked against F-76 and Diesel #2 fuels as well as Hydrotreated Renewable Jet, camelina, benchmarked against JP-5 across a matrix of constant engine speeds and engine loads in a Detroit Diesel 3-53 legacy engine. A heat release rate analysis and a cycle analysis were performed at each matrix point. The algae and camelina fuels averaged 1.4 Crank Angle Degrees earlier ignition, 2 Crank Angle Degrees longer burn duration, 2.25 atmospheres decrease in Peak Pressure, 1.4 Crank Angle Degrees delay in Angle of Peak Pressure, 0.5 per cent increase in Indicated Mean Effective Pressure, and 6 per cent decrease in Break Specific Fuel Consumption than their petroleum counterpart. A comparison between Diesel #2 at idle was performed between Transient Plasma Ignition Assisted Compression-Ignition and conventional Compression-Ignition. Transient Plasma Ignition averaged a Crank Angle Degree earlier start of combustion, faster pressure rise, but lower Peak Pressures than Compression-Ignition. However, due to failure of the plasma electrode it was not ascertained if this phenomenon is repeatable.

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SONTHALIA, ANKIT. "PERFORMANCE, EMISSION AND COMBUSTION STUDIES OF A MODIFIED VEGETABLE OIL IN A COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE". Thesis, 2020. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/18089.

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The Indian transportation sector relies heavily on the diesel operated compression ignition engines. However, the combustion of diesel produces greenhouses gases which are a major threat to the environment as well as the humans. Alternatives to diesel are gaining importance for operating the engine as they can curb the greenhouse gases and are a key for addressing the energy security. One such alternative is used cooking oil, which the world, India in particular is generating in large quantities. The government of India is now emphasizing on the conversion of the used cooking oil into biodiesel. However, many studies show that the biodiesel cannot completely replace diesel due to its inherent issues. The biodiesel is produced from the used cooking oil by the transesterification method. Another method, namely hydroprocessing can also convert the used cooking oil into a fuel with properties closer to diesel. In the present research, the used cooking oil was converted to diesel like fuel by using the hydrotreating method and experiments were carried out on an engine to study the effect of the fuel on its performance and emission. The research was carried out in four phases. In the first phase, the hydrotreated oil was produced from the used cooking oil in the presence of a ruthenium based catalyst in a batch reactor. The reaction parameters namely reaction temperature, hydrogen pressure and reaction time were varied. Design of experiments were used for optimizing the process parameters. The Taguchi method was selected as it reduces the number of experiments which saves time and money. The aim was to increase the conversion percentage and diesel like fuel selectivity and reduce the naphtha selectivity. Since multi-objective optimization was required, Fuzzy logic was incorporated. The optimized parameters were 360°C reaction temperature, 40bar initial reaction pressure and 200min reaction time. Confirmation experiment was Performance, Emission and Combustion Studies of a Modified Vegetable Oil in a Compression Ignition Engine vii carried out using these parameters and the conversion efficiency and diesel like fuel selectivity was 89.7% and 88.2%, respectively. The physico-chemical properties, evaporation temperature, ignition probability and Sauter mean diameter of the blends of the hydrotreated oil and diesel were studied in the second phase. The GC-MS profile of the pure hydrotreated oil shows that the fuel has straight carbon atoms in the range of C11 to C20 and heptadecane is the predominant hydrocarbon. Properties like viscosity, density, calorific value, flash point, etc. were measured and found to be within the limits of ASTM standards. The fuels were also stored for a period of one year to study their stability in terms of density, viscosity and calorific value. The properties of the stored fuel changed slightly with time and their rate of change was also low. The hydrotreated fuel was mixed with diesel in various proportions and engine tests were carried out in the third phase. The results show that the brake thermal efficiency decreases with increase in the hydrotreated fuel share in the blend. The heat release for the blends starts earlier than diesel due to higher cetane number and the peak heat release is also lower than diesel. The HC, CO and smoke emissions for the test blends decreases up to 30% blend, further increase in the blending of hydrotreated oil resulted in increase in the emissions. The NO emissions were lower than diesel for all the test samples. The maximum reduction in NO (neat), HC (30% blend), CO (30% blend) and smoke emissions (30% blend) is 23.2%, 14.4%, 13.83%, and 13.3%, respectively. It the third phase of testing, it was observed that 30% blend of hydrotreated oil resulted in lowest emissions but the thermal efficiency was low. The thermal efficiency with 20% blend of hydrotreated oil was higher than 30% blend but the emissions with 20% blend were higher. To improve the shortcomings of the two samples addition of Performance, Emission and Combustion Studies of a Modified Vegetable Oil in a Compression Ignition Engine viii waste cooking oil biodiesel to the two samples was explored. Therefore, in the last phase, experiments were carried out by blending waste cooking oil biodiesel (5%, 10% and 15% on volume basis) in 20% and 30% blend of the hydrotreated oil. The results show that the heat released increases with the biodiesel addition on account of higher ignition delay but its starts earlier than diesel and its maximum value is still lower than diesel. The brake thermal efficiency of the biodiesel blended fuels increases and as the percentage of biodiesel increases the thermal efficiency increases. Among the blended fuels, the maximum thermal efficiency was observed to be 30.96% with 15% biodiesel mixed in 20% hydrotreated oil and 65% diesel. The lowest HC, CO and smoke emissions at full load were observed to be 1.73g/kWh, 24.02g/kWh and 49.2% respectively with 15% of biodiesel mixed in 30% hydrotreated oil. Among the biodiesel blends, the lowest NO emission is observed to be 3.61g/kWh with 5% of biodiesel mixed in 30% hydrotreated oil, whereas highest NO emission (3.98g/kWh) is observed with 15% of biodiesel mixed in 20% hydrotreated oil.

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Części książek na temat "HYDROTREATED OIL"

Wells, Jan W. "Catalytic Cracking of a Wilmington Vacuum Gas Oil and Selected Hydrotreated Products". W ACS Symposium Series, 279–307. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1988-0375.ch018.

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Janarthanam, Hemanandh, S. Ganesan, B. R. S. Aravind i N. Aman. "Emission and Performance Characteristics of Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil and Kerosene as Fuel for Diesel Engines". W Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 907–16. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4739-3_79.

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Pipicelli, Michele, Giuseppe Di Luca i Roberto Ianniello. "Hydrotreated Vegetable Oils for Compression Ignition Engines—The Way Toward a Sustainable Transport". W Energy, Environment, and Sustainability, 11–34. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1392-3_2.

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Marchal, N., S. Kasztelan i S. Mignard. "A Comparative Study of Catalysts for the Deep Aromatic Reduction in Hydrotreated Gas Oil". W Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Petroleum and Distillates, 315–28. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003067306-17.

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Torres-Ortega, Carlo Edgar, Jian Gong, Fengqi You i Ben-Guang Rong. "Optimal synthesis of integrated process for co-production of biodiesel and hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) diesel from hybrid oil feedstocks". W Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 673–78. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-63965-3.50114-8.

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Tyagi, Uplabdhi, Mohammad Aslam i Anil Kumar Sarma. "Transportation Biofuels: Green Gasoline, Bioethanol, Biodiesel and Green Diesel – A Comparison". W Green Gasoline, 196–217. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/bk9781837670079-00196.

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Green gasoline is basically a biomass-derived combustible liquid fuel that matches the broad volatility range of petroleum gasoline, viz. 40–140 °C, having a reasonable calorific value and other fuel properties with ultralow sulfur content and excellent octane rating. It should be readily miscible with petroleum. Scientists are attracted to biodiesel and hydrotreated vegetable oil or green (renewable) diesel to meet the need for renewable, sustainable and cleaner fuels in the diesel range. Approximately 20% of global energy is consumed by the transportation sector, making it the world’s largest oil consumer. Primary fuel sources have different chemical characteristics, which affect the behavior of liquid fuels. Transportation contributes significantly to global CO2 emissions through combustion of oil-derived fuels. Fuel sources are characterized by the presence or absence of certain oxygen, carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen atoms in their molecules. Liquid fuel can be produced from hydrogen, petroleum, ammonia, natural gas, biofuels, alcohols or even coal. The consumption of liquid fuels in the transportation sector is growing by 36 quadrillion Btu (diesel including biodiesel), the largest contributor being 13 quadrillion Btu by jet fuel and 9 quadrillion Btu by motor gasoline (including ethanol blends) annually. The market share of diesel fuel (including biodiesel) is likely to decline from 36% to 33% from 2012 to 2040, while the jet fuel market share will increase from 12% to 14%. This chapter discusses current statistics and advances in the transportation sector to provide detailed insights into the properties and mechanisms of various liquid fuels including green gasoline, bioethanol, biodiesel and green diesel.

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Ogunlaja, Adeniyi S., i Zenixole R. Tshentu. "Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanofibers for Adsorptive Desulfurization". W Applying Nanotechnology to the Desulfurization Process in Petroleum Engineering, 281–336. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9545-0.ch010.

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Desulfurization of fuel oils is an essential process employed in petroleum refineries to reduce the sulfur concentration in fossil fuels in order to meet the mandated environmental protection limit of 10 ppm sulfur. The hydrodesulfurization (HDS) process, which is currently being employed for desulfurization, is limited in treating refractory organosulfur compounds as it only reduces sulfur content in fuels to a range of 200-500 ppm sulfur. Oxidative desulfurization (ODS) is considered a new technology for desulfurization of fuel oils as the process is capable of desulfurizing fuels to reach the ultra-low sulfur levels and can serve as a complementary step to HDS. The chapter discusses, briefly, the oxidation of refractory sulfur compounds found in fuels using vanadium as a catalyst to form organosulfones, a first step in ODS process. The chapter also discusses, in detail, the chemistry involved in molecular imprinting of organosulfones on functional polymers, and the electrospinning of the polymeric matrix to produce molecularly imprinted nanofibers employed for selective adsorption of organosulfones from the oxidized mildly hydrotreated fuels, a second step in the ODS process. Chemical interactions, apart from the imprinting effect, that can be exploited in molecularly imprinted polymers for selective extraction of organosulfones, such as hydrogen bonding, p-p interactions, van der Waals forces and electrostatic interactions, were discussed by employing density functional theory calculations. The possibilities of electrospinning on a large scale as well as prospects for future industrial applications of functional molecularly imprinted nanofibers in desulfurization are also discussed.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "HYDROTREATED OIL"

Kuronen, Markku, Seppo Mikkonen, Päivi Aakko i Timo Murtonen. "Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil as Fuel for Heavy Duty Diesel Engines". W Powertrain & Fluid Systems Conference and Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-4031.

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Hartikka, Tuukka, Markku Kuronen i Ulla Kiiski. "Technical Performance of HVO (Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil) in Diesel Engines". W SAE 2012 International Powertrains, Fuels & Lubricants Meeting. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2012-01-1585.

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Lin, Yuan-Ching, i Chun-Ching Hsu. "Tribological performance evaluation of Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil blended with fossil diesel". W 2017 International Conference on Applied System Innovation (ICASI). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icasi.2017.7988215.

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Kopperoinen, Aaro, Matti Kyto i Seppo Mikkonen. "Effect of Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO) on Particulate Filters of Diesel Cars". W SAE International Powertrains, Fuels and Lubricants Meeting. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2011-01-2096.

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Imperato, Matteo, Teemu Sarjovaara, Martti Larmi i Aki Tilli. "Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil and Miller Timing in a Medium-Speed CI Engine". W SAE 2012 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2012-01-0862.

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Hamilton, Leonard J., Sherry A. Williams, Richard A. Kamin, Matthew A. Carr, Patrick A. Caton i Jim S. Cowart. "Renewable Fuel Performance in a Legacy Military Diesel Engine". W ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54101.

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A new Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO) from the camelina plant has been processed into a Hydrotreated Renewable Jet (HRJ) fuel. This HRJ fuel was tested in an extensively instrumented legacy military diesel engine along with conventional Navy jet fuel JP-5. Both fuels performed well across the speed-load range of this HMMWV engine. The high cetane value of the HRJ leads to modestly shorter ignition delay. The longer ignition delay of JP-5 delivers shorter overall combustion durations, with associated higher indicated engine torque levels. Both brake torque and brake fuel consumption are better with conventional JP-5 by up to ten percent, due to more ideal combustion characteristics.

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Hulkkonen, Tuomo, Harri Hillamo, Teemu Sarjovaara i Martti Larmi. "Experimental Study of Spray Characteristics between Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO) and Crude Oil Based EN 590 Diesel Fuel". W 10th International Conference on Engines & Vehicles. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2011-24-0042.

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Ludziak, Krzysztof. "Hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) – new fuel with low carbon footprint and emission reduction potential". W 2nd International PhD Student’s Conference at the University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland: ENVIRONMENT – PLANT – ANIMAL – PRODUCT. Publishing House of The University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24326/icdsupl2.e019.

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Runyon, Jon, Stuart James, Tanmay Kadam, Barak Ofir i David Graham. "Performance, Emissions, and Decarbonization of an Industrial Gas Turbine Operated With Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil". W ASME Turbo Expo 2023: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2023-101972.

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Abstract As part of Uniper’s plans for its 22.5 GW of installed power-generating capacity in Europe to be carbon neutral by 2035, a Kraftwerk Union/Siemens V93.0 gas turbine (GT) in Malmö, Sweden was operated with hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) as a low-carbon replacement for gas oil in July 2021. An extensive feasibility study was first undertaken to understand the potential impacts of replacing gas oil with HVO in this GT. This included a fuel analysis, flame temperature modelling to predict the impact on NOx emissions, and a detailed hazard identification study for the short-duration trial. During the two-day demonstration, baseline GT performance and accredited emissions were first measured using the existing gas oil. HVO was subsequently used in all operating conditions including start-up, full load, part load, and shut-down. Accredited emissions of NOx, CO, SO2, and dust were measured to allow direct comparison between fuels. When operating with HVO, all required performance targets were achieved, including an onload fuel switch from HVO to gas oil. Direct flame imaging through a silo combustor sight-glass was used to observe the HVO start-up ignition process and to allow for a flame intensity comparison between fuels. NOx emissions were measured for each fuel, and no significant difference was identified across all operating conditions. As a result, no changes to the water injection rate for NOx control were required when switching fuels, which confirmed the predictions of the preliminary flame temperature modelling. Measurable reductions in dust, CO, and SO2 emissions were observed during HVO operation. These emissions reductions are respectively attributed to the low ash and aromatic contents of HVO, the increased hydrogen content of HVO relative to gas oil, and that HVO is essentially sulfur-free. HVO also enables significant lifecycle CO2 emissions reductions of over 90% compared with fossil diesel. In this trial, ∼163 tCO2 emissions were avoided by using HVO. The success of this demonstration provides evidence for future site conversion and has led to successful HVO demonstrations on other liquid fuel and dual-fuel GTs in the Uniper fleet. Long-duration testing and monitoring is required to build the evidence base regarding the impact of HVO operation on fuel storage, fuel delivery, and hot gas path components. To the authors’ knowledge, this field trial is the first successful demonstration of HVO use in an industrial gas turbine in the world.

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Caton, Patrick A., Sherry A. Williams, Richard A. Kamin, Dianne Luning-Prak, Leonard J. Hamilton i Jim S. Cowart. "Hydrotreated Algae Renewable Fuel Performance in a Military Diesel Engine". W ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2012-81048.

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A vegetable oil from algae has been processed into a Hydrotreated Renewable Diesel (HRD) fuel. This HRD fuel was tested in an extensively instrumented legacy military diesel engine along with conventional Navy diesel fuel. Both fuels performed well across the speed-load range of this HMMWV engine. The high cetane value of the HRD (77 v. 43) leads to significantly shorter ignition delays with associated longer combustion durations and modestly lower peak cylinder pressures as compared to diesel fuel operation. Both brake torque and brake fuel consumption are better (5–10%) with HRD due to the cumulative IMEP effect with moderatly longer combustion durations. Carbon dioxide emmisions are considerably lower with HRD due to the improved engine efficiency as well the more advantageous hydrogen-carbon ratio of this HRD fuel.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "HYDROTREATED OIL"

Ng, S. H. Catalytic cracking of raw and hydrotreated gas oils from coprocessed distillate. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/304586.

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Wilson, George. Commercial Approval Plan for Synthetic Jet Fuel from Hydrotreated Fats and Oils. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, luty 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada501088.

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Ng, S. H. Coprocessing consortium-year 3 progress report catalytic cracking of raw and hydrotreated gas oils derived from coprocessed distillate. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/304547.

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