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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Hydraulic Rating Method"
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Hansen, David, Vinod K. Garga i D. Ronald Townsend. "Selection and application of a one-dimensional non-Darcy flow equation for two-dimensional flow through rockfill embankments". Canadian Geotechnical Journal 32, nr 2 (1.04.1995): 223–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t95-025.
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Porous embankments comprised of relatively homogeneous coarse rockfill can be used to reduce the amount of spillage at downstream hydro dams or to control the outflow from stormwater detention basins. The stage-discharge rating curve is important in the design of such applications. In general, the coarseness of the material causes the flow to be non-Darcy; that is, characterized by a nonlinear relationship between bulk velocity and hydraulic gradient. Six one-dimensional (1D) non-Darcy flow equations, appearing in the literature, are presented. A limited comparison between computed and experimental results is then made on the basis of 1D packed-column tests performed in the hydraulics laboratory of the University of Ottawa. The question as to how such 1D closed-conduit equations might be used to estimate the quantity of flow through a porous embankment is then addressed, considering that the latter has a free surface and is a two-dimensional (2D) flow. The problem is successfully dealt with using the concept of "effective hydraulic gradient," a concept reminiscent of the method of sections used to analyze confined 2D seepage problems. A general equation is presented in which the effective hydraulic gradient is shown to be a function of two factors: (1) the shape of the embankment and (2) the upstream depth, relative to the height of the dam. The development and verification of the equation for the effective hydraulic gradient is described, together with its use in obtaining a rating curve for a hypothetical flowthrough dam composed of rock material 0.25 m in diameter. Key words : non-Darcy flow, flowthrough rockfill, effective hydraulic gradient, stage-discharge rating curve.
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Pedersen, Øyvind, Jochen Aberle i Nils Rüther. "Hydraulic scale modelling of the rating curve for a gauging station with challenging geometry". Hydrology Research 50, nr 3 (19.02.2019): 825–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2019.044.
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Abstract Direct discharge measurements during flood events can be challenging from a technical as well as from a safety point of view. Therefore, flood discharges are often estimated by extrapolating a rating curve. Extrapolations far outside the range of the directly measured discharges are common, although the associated errors can be large. In this article, a novel method to determine suitable stage measurement locations and derive rating curves using a hydraulic scale model is presented. A hydraulic scale model for a natural gauging station site is produced with a computer numerical control technique, making a detailed representation of the prototype topography and bathymetry. The site is characterized by a complex geometry, and the results of the scale model study reveal that the current location of stage measurement is not suitable for determining the rating curve for high flows. The scale model is used to identify potential locations for future stage measurements, and a flood rating curve is constructed based on field measurements for low flows and scale model data for high flows. The study shows how hydraulic scale modelling can be used to provide more reliable rating curves for large discharges and evaluate new or existing gauging stations located at sites with challenging measurement conditions.
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Zakariah, Ridzwan Bin, Norzila Binti Othman, Mohd Azlan bin Mohd Yusoff i Wahid Ali Hamood Altowayti. "Determination of Stage Discharge Rating Curve at Sungai Batang Melaka". Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University 56, nr 3 (30.06.2021): 248–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.3.21.
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The river is a natural source of water with distinctive hydraulic features. The hydraulic characteristic is a factor in morphology changes. The article describes a determination of a stage discharge rating curve at Sungai Batang Melaka that has been developed for the first time. The stage discharge rating curve is used to determine whether the rivers of this area are the cause of floods that have occurred in Malacca. Based on data collection for width and depth at four locations, enabling to evaluate and analysis the data of each cross-section for Sungai Batang Melaka. By observing the river velocity, the condition of the river flow in the area will be obtained. The two-point method and mid-section method is used to measure the flow rates in the rivers. Following the calculation using Chezy-Manning’s equation, the authors research shows that this river produces a good stage discharge rating curve. Overall, a stage discharge rating curve for each location shows it is associated with gradation and degradation rates. From the findings, the outflow, storage capacity, and discharge rating curve in Sungai Batang Melaka were successfully obtained. It will benefit future studies, especially in facilitating measures to be taken to avoid flash floods that keep occurring in Malacca.
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Di Baldassarre, G., i A. Montanari. "Uncertainty in river discharge observations: a quantitative analysis". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 13, nr 6 (25.06.2009): 913–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-913-2009.
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Abstract. This study proposes a framework for analysing and quantifying the uncertainty of river flow data. Such uncertainty is often considered to be negligible with respect to other approximations affecting hydrological studies. Actually, given that river discharge data are usually obtained by means of the so-called rating curve method, a number of different sources of error affect the derived observations. These include: errors in measurements of river stage and discharge utilised to parameterise the rating curve, interpolation and extrapolation error of the rating curve, presence of unsteady flow conditions, and seasonal variations of the state of the vegetation (i.e. roughness). This study aims at analysing these sources of uncertainty using an original methodology. The novelty of the proposed framework lies in the estimation of rating curve uncertainty, which is based on hydraulic simulations. These latter are carried out on a reach of the Po River (Italy) by means of a one-dimensional (1-D) hydraulic model code (HEC-RAS). The results of the study show that errors in river flow data are indeed far from negligible.
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O.O., Olukayode, Bayewu O.O., Adebisi N.O., Mosuro G.O., Ariyo S.O. i Orimogunje O.B. "Multi-Criteria Analysis Method for Aquifer Vulnerability Investigation Using Godt Method at Idi-Ayunre, Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria". African Journal of Environment and Natural Science Research 6, nr 2 (1.08.2023): 97–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajensr-7df7dj7o.
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Geophysical investigation involving Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) Schlumberger array was carried out across Idi-Ayunre, Ibadan, a typical basement complex area having a rock composition of migmatite-gneiss, quartzite, and biotite-hornblende. A total of forty (40) vertical electrical sounding data were acquired with maximum current electrode separation of 100m using resistivity meter and its accessories. The aim of the study was to evaluate the aquifer vulnerability of the study area to contamination. The VES results were both qualitatively and quantitatively interpreted using partial curve matching and were further subjected to computer iteration using WINRESIST. The longitudinal conductance, thickness of layer overlying aquifer and hydraulic conductivity were generated and synthesized to produce the vulnerability map. A GODT multi-criteria model which is an acronym of Groundwater occurrence, Overburden thickness, Depth and Topography developed from the hydrogeologic parameters were evaluated alongside the longitudinal conductance values to determine the aquifer vulnerability of the area and to classify the study area accordingly. The curve type obtained are H and HA. The interpretation revealed three to four geoelectric layers: the topsoil (18.9-178.9Ωm), clayey (9.0-70.6Ωm), fractured basement (31.9-43.1Ωm) and fresh basement (1131-2916Ωm). The longitudinal unit conductance ranges from 0.032-0.93mhos. And from the GODT model derivations, the study area shows 92.5% of high vulnerability rating, 2.5% of low-moderate and 5% of moderate rating; areas with high rating are prone to contamination than areas with low-moderate and moderate rating. Hence, zones of high vulnerability may be not be encouraged for groundwater exploitation and, if need be, constant water quality assessment should be carried out before consumption.
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Guo, Zhuo Min, Gao Zhu, Yu Jing Bie i Meng Jun Tang. "Influence of Hydraulic Factor of Vertical-Slot Fishway on Swimming Ability of Fish". Advanced Materials Research 594-597 (listopad 2012): 1988–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.1988.
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Vertical-slot fishway is widely used in different shape of fish-way due to the adaptability to water level amplitude, the hydraulic characteristics of the vertical-slot fish-way of different scale has been extensively researched by researcher domestic and overseas, the energy dissipation mechanism and hydraulic characteristics of the fish-way in different scale under different inflow has been acquainted now. In this paper, the hydraulic characteristics of Vertical-slot fish-way of different size under water depth, inflow and slope is analyzed , influence of water depth, flow velocity, dissipation rating per unit volume and turbulent energy etc. On fish swimming ability is discussed, and design of fish-way is evaluated by relevant hydraulic factor of fish swimming characteristics. Finally the research method and experience abroad is summarized in the paper.
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Kavousizadeh, Amirreza, Mahmoud F. Maghrebi i Arash Ahmadi. "Stage-discharge estimation in compound open channels with composite roughness". Hydrology Research 50, nr 3 (27.03.2019): 809–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2019.021.
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Abstract Determination of stage-discharge relationships in natural rivers is extremely important in flood control projects. The importance of rating curves in rivers and the difficulty of its establishment show the need for simpler and more precise methods. Determination of rating curves in compound channels, especially with composite roughness, has proved to be difficult because of significant variations in hydraulic parameters from the main channel to the floodplains. In the current paper, a new approach that is based on the concept of the cross-sectional isovel contours is introduced for estimation of the stage-discharge curves in compound channels. The multivariate Newton's method is applied to the difference between the observed and estimated data to optimize the exponent values of the governing parameters. The proposed method is verified by comparing predictions obtained by using it with some experimental datasets. For compound channels with composite roughness, the stage-discharge curves obtained by the proposed method are more accurate than those obtained by using available conventional methods.
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Othman, Nariman Yahya, Zahra Abd Saleh i Zainab Ali Omran. "Development of Stage – Distance – Discharge Relationship and Rating Curve using Least Square Method". Civil Engineering Journal 5, nr 9 (22.09.2019): 1959–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2019-03091385.
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For any river, besides the importance of stage – discharge relationship (rating curve), a stage-discharge- distance relationship is of more significance. The accurate estimation of both relationships along a river reach is considered a key point for various applications of water resources engineering such as operation and management of water resources projects, designing of hydraulic structures, and sediment analysis. In this paper, both relationships were established for the Shatt Al – Hillah river reach by applying multiple linear regression and simple linear regression using least square method for determining regression equations. Twelve gauging stations including three primary and nine secondary stations were considered for this method. Moreover, for evaluating the performance of both regressions, statistical measures such as coefficient of determination, root mean square error, mean square error, and Thiel's factor were used. The study results generally indicate a superior performance of both modeling techniques. MLR model was able to predict and mimic the stage-discharge-distance relationship with a coefficient correlation of about 0.932, while SLR model was able to predict three rating curves for the three primary stations with coefficient correlation of about 0.960, 0.943, and 0.924 respectively.
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Kim, Yeonsu, Sungryul Oh, Seungsoo Lee, Jisun Byun i Hyunuk An. "Application of Stage-Fall-Discharge Rating Curves to a Reservoir Based on Acoustic Doppler Velocity Meter Measurement Data". Water 13, nr 17 (5.09.2021): 2443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13172443.
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The applicability of the stage-fall-discharge (SFD) method in combination with acoustic Doppler velocity meter (ADVM) data, upstream of a hydraulic structure, specifically, the Sejong-weir located in the Geum River, Korea, was examined. We developed three rating curves: a conventional simple rating curve with the data measured using an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) and floating objects, an SFD rating curve with the data measured using the ADCP and floating objects, and an SFD rating curve with the data measured using an ADVM. Because of the gate operation effect, every rating curve involved many uncertainties under 1000 m3/s (3.13 m2/s, specific discharge). In terms of the hydrograph reconstruction, compared with the conventional simple rating curve, the SFD developed using ADVM data exhibited a higher agreement with the measured data in terms of the pattern. Furthermore, the measured discharge over 1000 m3/s primarily ranged between 97.5% and 2.5% in the graph comparing the ratio of the median and observed discharge. Based on this experiment, it is confirmed that the SFD rating curve with data to represent the backwater effect, such as ADVM data, can reduce the uncertainties induced by the typical rating curve
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Benkhaldoun, Fayssal, Mohammed Seaïd i Slah Sahmim. "Mathematical Development and Verification of a Finite Volume Model for Morphodynamic Flow Applications". Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 3, nr 4 (sierpień 2011): 470–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/aamm.10-m1056.
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AbstractThe accuracy and efficiency of a class of finite volume methods are investigated for numerical solution of morphodynamic problems in one space dimension. The governing equations consist of two components, namely a hydraulic part described by the shallow water equations and a sediment part described by the Exner equation. Based on different formulations of the morphodynamic equations, we propose a family of three finite volume methods. The numerical fluxes are reconstructed using a modified Roe’s scheme that incorporates, in its reconstruction, the sign of the Jacobian matrix in the morphodynamic system. A well-balanced discretization is used for the treatment of the source terms. The method is well-balanced, non-oscillatory and suitable for both slow and rapid interactions between hydraulic flow and sediment transport. The obtained results for several morphodynamic problems are considered to be representative, and might be helpful for a fair rating of finite volume solution schemes, particularly in long time computations.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Hydraulic Rating Method"
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Cleto, Pedro Rogério [UNESP]. "Simulação de fraturamento hidráulico usando elementos finitos de elevada razão de aspecto com acoplamento hidromecânico". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/140148.
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A técnica de fraturamento hidráulico é amplamente utilizada na indústria petrolífera para aumentar a permeabilidade da rocha-reservatório numa região próxima ao poço e permitir a extração, e consequente produção, de hidrocarbonetos armazenados em seus poros. Primeiramente a rocha é perfurada criando-se um poço e então injeta-se fluido a uma pressão suficientemente alta para fraturar a rocha. A injeção contínua de fluido permite que as fraturas se propaguem pelo reservatório, formando assim canais de alta permeabilidade. A modelagem e simulação computacional de fraturamento hidráulico são complexas em função da física envolvida no processo. O presente trabalho objetiva o estudo da formação e propagação de fraturas induzidas hidraulicamente em meios rochosos de baixa permeabilidade e também tem o propósito de verificar se a metodologia adotada é capaz de reproduzir características apresentadas num processo de fraturamento hidráulico, como a pressão necessária para causar a ruptura da rocha. Para tal, apresenta-se a técnica de fragmentação da malha utilizando elementos finitos de elevada razão de aspecto (ou elementos de interface) para representar a fratura, aos quais são atribuídas relações constitutivas baseadas na mecânica do dano. Além disso, os elementos de interface também possuem um acoplamento hidromecânico capaz de representar o canal de alta permeabilidade devido à ocorrência da fratura. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que os elementos de interface associados à técnica de fragmentação da malha foram capazes de representar tanto a formação quanto a propagação das fraturas induzidas hidraulicamente. Os resultados também mostraram que as curvas de pressão obtidas corresponderam àquelas idealizadas teoricamente.
The hydraulic fracturing technique is widely used to increase the permeability of reservoirs in the vicinity of the well and to allow the extraction and subsequent production of hydrocarbons trapped in its pores. Firstly, the rock is drilled, creating a well and then a fluid is injected at a sufficiently high pressure to fracture the rock. The continuous fluid injection allows the fractures to propagate through the reservoir, thereby forming some high permeability paths. The computer modeling and simulation of hydraulic fracturing are complex due to the physics involved in the process. This work aims to study the formation and propagation of hydraulically induced fractures in rocky media with low permeability and also aims to verify if the adopted methodology is able to reproduce the characteristics presented in a hydraulic fracturing process, as for instance, the required pressure to cause the breakdown of the rock. For this purpose, it is presented the mesh fragmentation technique using finite elements with a high aspect ratio (or interface elements) to represent the fracture, which are assigned constitutive relations based on damage mechanics. Besides, the interface elements also have a hydromechanical coupling which is able to represent the high permeability path due to the fracture. The results showed that the interface elements associated with the mesh fragmentation technique were able to represent both the formation and the propagation of hydraulically induced fractures. The results also showed that the obtained pressure curves corresponded to those theoretically idealized.
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Punjahari, Nale jyoti. "Comprehensive enviromental flow assessment of ganga river basin : integrating ecological concerns within hydrologic and hydraulic framework". Thesis, 2018. http://localhost:8080/iit/handle/2074/7691.
Pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Hydraulic Rating Method"
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Li, Zixiang, Jiayi Xu, Yanfu Li i Changhai Han. "Analysis of Piano Key Weir Drainage Characteristics". W Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 281–93. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6138-0_25.
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AbstractThe piano key weir is a new type of labyrinth weir structure form, its advantages such as stable structure, upstream and downstream inverted overhang and small base area greatly improve the scope of application, and it has high discharge capacity and overflow efficiency, which is considered as a very effective method to solve the shortage of reservoir and dam discharge flow, and has more applications abroad. In this paper, the experimental observation of the hydraulic characteristics of the discharge from the hydraulic physics model of the piano key weir confirms its good overflow capacity, but also limits the study of its complex flow. Combined with the numerical simulation software, the three-dimensional flow field of the piano key weir is numerically simulated based on the RNG k-ɛ turbulence model and the free-surface VOF technique to analyze the changes of hydraulic characteristics such as flow patterns, flow lines and flow velocities, and to clarify the hydraulic characteristics of the spillway and the mechanism of the improved spillway capacity by combining the experimental results of the physical model. In addition, a comparative analysis of the overflow capacity and flood discharge efficiency between the piano key weir and the traditional thin-walled weir is carried out to better reflect the advantages of the piano key weir in flood discharge by using the over-discharge ratio, and to discuss the application of the piano key weir in actual diseased reservoir and dam projects.
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Wen, Zhuyin, Nian Liu, Guangming You, Jianfeng Hou i Lei Jiang. "Risk assessment method for subway-crossing shield tunnel based on ground loss ratio". W Frontiers in Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Volume 2, 103–15. London: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003384830-14.
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Arthington, Angela H. "Hydraulic Rating and Habitat Simulation Methods". W Environmental Flows, 139–48. University of California Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520273696.003.0010.
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"10. Hydraulic Rating And Habitat Simulation Methods". W Environmental Flows, 139–48. University of California Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520953451-011.
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Yang, Jianxi, Shenghang Zhang, Lei Tang, Jun Li i Wenming Pan. "Void Detection Behind a Hydraulic Tunnel Lining Containing Complex Reinforcement Using Combined Non-Destructive Testing Methods". W Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde220889.
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The existence of voids behind the lining has always been a “pain point” in tunnels. In recent years, prestressed concrete linings have been so densely reinforced that voids cannot be accurately detected using a single non-destructive testing method. A standard model of Voids behind the lining with reinforcement parameters, concrete mix ratio, thickness and material inside the void consistent with the actual project was produced. Based on this model, ground-penetrating radar, impact echo and ultrasonic laminar imaging detection tests were carried out and typical mapping of the various methods was obtained. Combined with the applicability of the practical operation in engineering, combined non-destructive testing methods is proposed and verified in actual engineering. The results show that the combined non-destructive testing methods can accurately detect voids of lining, and can take into account the detection efficiency to meet the detection requirements of complex reinforced linings.
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Pan, H., L. Qin, X. Qi, L. Xie i M. Jin. "Study on mixture ratio design and performance of cement stabilized gravels based on vibratory compaction method". W Progress in Civil, Architectural and Hydraulic Engineering IV, 1075–78. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b19383-220.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenia konferencji na temat "Hydraulic Rating Method"
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Schmidt, A. R., i B. C. Yen. "Stage-Discharge Rating Curves Revisited". W Hydraulic Measurements and Experimental Methods Specialty Conference (HMEM) 2002. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40655(2002)89.
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Hamilton, Scott, Dan Mahoney i Jason Wright. "Analyzing Accuracy, Repeatability, and Overall Performance of Torque Tools and Patterns on Multiple Flange Geometries". W ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-84813.
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Many different variables need to be considered when a bolted flange is to be assembled. Past research on this topic has focused on nut factors, bolting patterns, gaskets, etc. However, there has been little research on the performance of torque as an assembly method. The performance of various powered and manual torque wrenches is investigated, including accuracy (achieved bolt load versus target bolt load), repeatability (variation in achieved bolt load), and time to assemble. This study compared performance of seventeen different tools including pneumatic, hydraulic, and manual torque wrenches, across four different flange size/rating combinations utilizing two assembly method (Legacy Star and Modified Legacy Star). This paper builds on the work described in PVP2017-65800 Determining Accuracy and Repeatability of Torque through Powered Equipment. A larger number of flange assemblies were performed compared to the PVP2017-65800 work, using a greater number of tools and flange configurations. The results of the tests are provided and the implications of the findings discussed, including consideration of tool selection, assembly pattern selection, personnel competence and training, and bolted flange joint component selection and inspection.
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Rachman, Buna Rizal, Bonar Noviasta, Timora Wijayanto, Ramadhan Yoan Mardiana, Esa Taufik, Rangga Saputra i Boris Styward. "Hydraulic Workover Unit Utilization for New Well Openhole Drilling with Directional Motor and Logging-While-Drilling Bottom-Hole-Assembly in M Area". W Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207371-ms.
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Abstract Achieving a number of well targets in M Area is an important objective for MK, one of the oil and gas operators in Indonesia. An economic challenge is present due to marginal gas reservoirs in shallow zone. The conventional swamp rig unit requires significant costs for site preparation work and in some cases no longer fulfils the economic criteria. The objective was to drill the same one-phase well (OPW) architecture as the swamp rig normally drills, but at lower costs using a hydraulic workover unit (HWU). Drilling the 8½-in hole section OPW architecture using HWU was challenging, not only on the equipment rating and capability, but also on the deck space limitation part. The fit-for-purpose directional and logging-while-drilling (LWD) system was utilized in this project consisting of customized low-torque excellent hydraulics drill bit design, a positive displacement motor (PDM) with aggressive bend setting to achieve directional objective (with max 3.8°/30-m dogleg severity), annular-pressure-while-drilling (APWD) measurement to ensure equivalent circulating density (ECD) is maintained, and combined electromagnetic propagation resistivity and sonic slowness measurement coupled with high-speed telemetry measurement-while-drilling (MWD) tool to get an accurate and timely formation evaluation. The HWU deck space limitation was solved by implementing a single combined directional drilling (DD), MWD, mudlogging cabin, in addition to the remote operation control implementation to further reduce carbon footprint. Five wells were drilled safely and successfully in this campaign. Drilling efficiency improved with up to 109% ROP increase as compared to the first well, showing the progressive learning curve and excellent teamwork from all involved parties. The directional bottom hole assembly (BHA) was capable of delivering up to 4–5°/30-m dogleg, not only achieving the directional objective, but also penetrating the reservoir targets with tight tolerances. The drill bit delivered very good ROP, reaching 60.4 m/h (about 66% of average OPW ROP achieved by swamp rig). This campaign also successfully reduced the overall site preparation cost by up to 30%, enabling MK to drill wells that were initially not feasible to be drilled using swamp rig within the time frame and budget. Thanks to the success, this new method is currently under study for industrialization. The HWU drilling campaign provided a valuable learning experience, is considered as a proven drilling method, and served as a benchmark for other operators in Indonesia. HWU drilling has proven to be an efficient drilling method and capable of delivering the one-phase-well. This paper presents a unique case study of new well open hole drilling with the HWU and its applicability in M Area. Most studies in the past were HWU drilling in re-entry or sidetrack cases.
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Ali Shahzad, Muhammad, Zhou Tao, Chen Juan, Liu Liang i Zejun Xiao. "Parametric Study of CSR1000 Thermal Hydraulic Stability Using Response Matrix Method". W 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-66269.
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A parametric study is performed on the thermal hydraulic stability of CSR1000 (a Chinese supercritical water-cooled reactor) using SCTHSAC (Single Channel Thermal Hydraulic Stability Analysis Code). This code uses the response matrix method for analyzing the system stability within time domain, a useful method to reveal detailed information about the operational thermodynamic parameters before and after the onset of instability in a nuclear power reactor. A system response matrix is built on each node of the single coolant channel by linearizing and perturbing conservation differential equations, which is solved to form an array of decay ratios. The maximum decay ratio represents stability of the whole system. A decay ratio map is generated to see the effect of power and inlet orifice diameter ratio on system stability. The parametric study of pressure, inlet temperature and moderator flow fraction gives vital information regarding thermal hydraulic stability of CSR1000 in a sliding pressure startup scheme. Using system response matrix method, a stability surface is plotted against power and flow fraction, providing a useful reference for designing a detailed startup scheme of CSR1000 in the future.
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de Assis, Débora Cristina Almeida, Leonardo José do Nascimento Guimarães, LEILA B. DE S. BESERRA, LEIDY LAURA ÀLVAREZ BERRÍO i IGOR FERNANDES GOMES. "TRIDIMENSIONAL MODELING OF HYDRAULIC FRACTURING USING SOLID FINITE ELEMENTS WITH HIGH ASPECT RATIO". W XXXVIII Iberian-Latin American Congress on Computational Methods in Engineering. Florianopolis, Brazil: ABMEC Brazilian Association of Computational Methods in Engineering, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.20906/cps/cilamce2017-0904.
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Zhang, Jianguo, Karthik Mahadev, Stephen Edwards i Alan Rodgerson. "A Novel Method and its Application to Define Maximum Horizontal Stress and Stress Path". W SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204148-ms.
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Abstract Maximum horizontal stress (SH) and stress path (change of SH and minimum horizontal stress with depletion) are the two most difficult parameters to define for an oilfield geomechanical model. Understanding these in-situ stresses is critical to the success of operations and development, especially when production is underway, and the reservoir depletion begins. This paper introduces a method to define them through the analysis of actual minifrac data. Field examples of applications on minifrac failure analysis and operational pressure prediction are also presented. It is commonly accepted that one of the best methods to determine the minimum horizontal stress (Sh) is the use of pressure fall-off analysis of a minifrac test. Unlike Sh, the magnitude of SH cannot be measured directly. Instead it is back calculated by using fracture initiation pressure (FIP) and Sh derived from minifrac data. After non-depleted Sh and SH are defined, their apparent Poisson's Ratios (APR) are calculated using the Eaton equation. These APRs define Sh and SH in virgin sand to encapsulate all other factors that influence in-situ stresses such as tectonic, thermal, osmotic and poro-elastic effects. These values can then be used to estimate stress path through interpretation of additional minifrac data derived from a depleted sand. A geomechanical model is developed based on APRs and stress paths to predict minifrac operation pressures. Three cases are included to show that the margin of error for FIP and fracture closure pressure (FCP) is less than 2%, fracture breakdown pressure (FBP) less than 4%. Two field cases in deep-water wells in the Gulf of Mexico show that the reduction of SH with depletion is lower than that for Sh.
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Malik, M. Afzaal, Badar Rashid i Shahab Khushnood. "Dynamic Analysis of Fluid Flowing Through Micro Porous Filters Using Bondgraph Approach". W ASME 2006 2nd Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting Collocated With the 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2006-98397.
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Delivery of optimized fuel injection pressure to combustion chamber of an engine assembly leads to optimum torque and horsepower. Contaminant free supply of fuel without compromising on volume flow rate is the most important design requirement. Incorporation of very fine fuel filters having less than 10 micron rating reduces volume flow rate at the injection nozzles whereas fuel filter with larger pore size stabilize the injection pressure but may result into failure of fuel injection pump assembly due to scuffing produced by the fuel contaminant between the plunger and sleeve of hydraulic head of fuel injection pump. The fuel flows from fuel tank through low-pressure injection line, primary and secondary fuel filters, fuel transfer pump, fuel injection pump, and high-pressure injection line and injector nozzles. Modeling and simulation of volume flow rate vis-a`-vis fuel injection pressure together with micro-porous fuel filter poses a formidable challenge. Bondgraph method (BGM) is ideally suited for the modeling and simulation of such a multi-domain dynamic system. The aim of this research is to apply BGM to model and simulate the optimized fuel injection pressure and analysis of filters with different micro-porosity and their effect on volume flow rate. Fuel filter porosity, inlet and outlet pressures of transfer pump, fuel injection pump and low/high pressure injection line pressure have been determined experimentally. These experimentally determined parameters are then used as input in our Bondgraph model for the dynamic analysis of fuel injection pressure incorporating micro-porous filters.
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Locateli, Cristiano Cardoso, Paulo Leonel Teixeira, Edson Roberto De Pieri, Petter Krus i Victor Juliano De Negri. "Digital Hydraulic System Using Pumps and On/Off Valves Controlling the Actuator". W 8th FPNI Ph.D Symposium on Fluid Power. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fpni2014-7839.
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Hydraulic systems employed in several industrial and mobile applications present significant advantages, such as a high power-to-weight ratio and fast dynamic response. However, these systems have low efficiency due to high power dissipation. A recent concept called “digital hydraulics” comprises particularities that create opportunities for a reduction in load loss. This paper proposes a configuration and control method for actuator speed control based on the principles of digital hydraulics. In this context, several fixed displacement units and on/off valves are connected directly to the actuators without throttling valves. The system studied here presents three operation methods (pump mode, motor mode and idle mode), which allows discrete valves to replace continuous or flow control valves in order to control the actuator. Furthermore, a fixed or variable displacement pump with large displacement is replaced by several small, fixed displacement units. Simulations are performed with a co-simulation technique using AMESim and MATLAB. The actuator speed, inlet and outlet pressures on the fixed displacement units and flow rate in the circuit lines are analysed. Preliminary simulation results exhibit smooth transitions between speed levels, adequate dynamic performance, low power dissipation and high energy-storage capacity. A specific limitation of this technology is the obtained actuator discrete speed. The main contributions of this research are the development of a digital hydraulic system configuration and its control strategy, which allows speed control of hydraulic actuators and provides the capacity to store energy.
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Haghshenas, Behjat, i Farhad Qanbari. "Analysis of Pressure Interference Tests in Unconventional Gas Reservoirs: A Gas Condensate Example from Montney Formation". W SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204161-ms.
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Abstract Characterization of hydraulic fracture system in multi-fractured horizontal wells (MFHW) is one of the key steps in well spacing optimization of tight and shale reservoirs. Different methods have been proposed in the industry including core-through, micro-seismic, off-set pressure data monitoring during hydraulic fracturing, pressure depletion mapping, rate-transient analysis, pressure-transient analysis, and pressure interference test. Pressure interference test for a production and monitoring well pair includes flowing the production well at a stable rate while keeping the monitoring well shut-in and recording its pressure. In this study, the coupled flow of gas in hydraulic fractures and matrix systems during pressure interference test is modeled using an analytical method. The model is based on Laplace transform combined with pseudo-pressure and pseudo-time. The model is validated against numerical simulation to make sure the inter-well communication test is reasonably represented. Two key parameters were introduced and calculated with time using the analytical model including pressure drawdown ratio and pressure decline ratio. The model is applied to two field cases from Montney formation. In this case, two wells in the gas condensate region of Montney were selected for a pressure interference test. The monitoring well was equipped with downhole gauges. As the producing well was opened for production, the bottom-hole pressure of the monitoring well started declining at much lower rate than the production well. The pressure decline rate in the monitoring well eventually approached that of the producing well after days of production. This whole process was modeled using the analytical model of this study by adjusting the conductivity of the communicating fractures between the well pairs. This study provides a practical analytical tool for quantitative analysis of the interference test in MFHWs. This model can be integrated with other tools for improved characterization of hydraulic fracture systems in tight and shale reservoirs.
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Mahadev, Karthik, i Jianguo Zhang. "Geomechanical Applications in Deepwater Fracpacks and Associated Productivity Impact". W SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/209176-ms.
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Abstract Deepwater fracpacks continue to evolve in the Miocene and Paleogene trends in Gulf of Mexico and deliver best in class skins and reliability in these high-rate high margin reservoirs. As operators move towards maximizing production in existing fields that have been produced over the past several decades, depletion has concurrently evolved as the most frequent issue that challenges drilling, cementing, perforating, and fracturing operations. The overall impact of higher overbalance operations in these depleted intervals has placed Geomechanical impacts on completions and well productivity at the forefront. The paper will examine recent advances in Geomechanical applications in high permeability formations, specifically in a fracturing context. This paper will expand upon a simple and innovative method for the determination of maximum horizontal stresses with calibrated minifrac data that will have an impact on fracturing and proppant placement. Use of pore pressure ranges to correlate fracture initiation and breakdown pressures will also be demonstrated as a valuable aid to design surface equipment pressure limits to enable fracturing. Applying depletion related Geomechanical concepts to fracpacks has resulted in understanding of high treating pressures, bring successful investigations on trouble fracturing treatments to closure, and capture lessons to avoid problems on future wells. A robust workflow process has also been developed to anticipate these potential challenges and appropriate mitigations such as higher ratings for surface equipment, differential packer ratings and completion fluid weight to gain higher margins and were incorporated to enable fracture placement as designed. This will be discussed in the context of a few actual case histories from the Gulf of Mexico. The effect of depletion and well bore trajectory on fracture placement will also be discussed.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Hydraulic Rating Method"
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Cohen, Shabtai, Melvin Tyree, Amos Naor, Alan N. Lakso, Terence L. Robinson i Yehezkiel Cohen. Influence of hydraulic properties of rootstocks and the rootstock-scion graft on water use and productivity of apple trees. United States Department of Agriculture, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7587219.bard.
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This one year exploratory project investigated hydraulic architecture of apple dwarfing rootstocks. The hypothesis was that hydraulic conductance is correlated with rootstock vigor. A previous study of trees on three rootstocks in Israel showed that dwarfed trees used less water than un-dwarfed trees. Analysis showed that if the tree maintains leaf water potentials above minimum values, then this implies that the dwarfed trees have lower leaf conductance, which may also be the cause of dwarfing. The current project studied small 2-year old unworked rootstock trees, and full sized trees bearing commercial yields. In both cases hydraulic conductance was determined with two methods - the non-destructive evaporative flux (EF)-leaf water potential (L WP) method, and a destructive method in which water was forced through the plant at known pressure using the "high pressure flow meter" (HPFM). Detailed work allowed measurement of conductance of the rootstock-scion union. This was achieved both with the HPFM and with the EF-LWP methods, the former in the US and the latter in Israel. Direct measurements of leaf conductance were made, and carbon isotope ratios ( d ¹³ C) were determined for leaves sampled at the end of the season. The latter can indicate sustained differences in leaf conductance behavior. HPFM and EF-LWP methods did not give the same results. In the small plants results were similar in magnitude, but not significantly correlated. In large trees, EF- L WP measurements were a fraction of those obtained with the HPFM. The latter indicates that some of the xylem is not normally functional but transports water when pressurized. Additional experimental work targeted this result. Xylem was stained before and after perfusion with water at high pressure. This showed that at least for one rootstock a significant amount of xylem was blocked before perfusion. The "air method" for determining xylem vessel properties was improved and employed. Length, radius and density of xylem vessels of different rootstocks were found to be similar, and significant differences found were not clearly related to rootstock vigor. Measurements in the commercial orchard in Israel showed that the graft union in a dwarfing rootstock was a large obstacle for water transport (i.e. had a high resistance). This apparently led to low leaf conductance to water vapor, as indicated by lower d ¹³ C, which implies low internal CO ₂ concentrations. In the US orchard, d ¹³ C in 2001 was correlated with rootstock vigor, and significant differences were found in leaf conductance. However, the d ¹³ C differences were not observed in 2002, were opposite to those found in the Israeli orchard, and measurements of the graft union with the HPFM did not find large resistances. We speculate that the graft union is not necessarily a large impediment to water transport unless the scion starts to separate from the rootstock. It was concluded that significant differences in hydraulic conductance exist between different dwarfing rootstocks. These differences may be caused by differences in xylem properties and in the degree of cavitation, as well as resistance in the graft union. However, no general relationship to rootstock vigor was found. Therefore, hydraulic conductance alone cannot explain dwarfing, but may be one of two or more factors that lead to dwarfing. Future work should integrate more factors with hydraulic relations, e.g. nutrient and solute transport and production of hormones.
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Hedrick i Jacobs. PR-457-14201-R01 Variable Natural Gas - Composition Effects and Control Methods for Two-Stroke Engines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), czerwiec 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010027.
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Literature is reviewed for the impacts of variable natural gas composition on two-stroke lean burn pipeline compressor engines. Information gathered for these engines can be simplified for development of control algorithms in four-stroke and richer burning engines. Data shows that geospatial, geological, and transient hydraulic effects cause composition variations that adversely affect engine emissions, efficiency, rated performance, and operational safety considering auto-ignition effects. In order to compensate for these changes in composition, better engine control schemes can help meet desired performance goals. For specific gas compositions combusting at a fixed air-fuel ratio, the laminar flame speed, adiabatic flame temperature, and ignition delay relate to and allow the prediction of the mixture�s reactivity, thermal availability, and auto-ignition tendency. Predicting changes in these combustion parameters, as caused by changes in fuel composition, is essential to the success of control development for variable composition engine operation. In addition to addressing the associated combustion effects resulting from variable fuel composition, an overview of sensor technologies is presented for use in control applications.