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Xu, Lin, Yong-Hong Tang, Wei Pu i Yang Han. "Hybrid electromechanical-electromagnetic simulation to SVC controller based on ADPSS platform". Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 25, nr 4 (19.12.2014): 112–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2014/v25i4a2244.
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To test the dynamic performance and damping features of a static var compensator (SVC) controller accurately in large-scale interconnected AC/DC hybrid power systems, it is of vital significance to build the detailed electromagnetic transient model. However, it is unrealistic and time-consuming to build the detailed models of all the devices in the actual large-scale power grid. Utilizing the hybrid simulation function in the advanced digital power system simulator (ADPSS) and by dividing the large-scale power grid into the electromagnetic transient sub-grids and electromechanical sub-grids, the computation speed of real-time simulation is remarkably enhanced by the parallel computational capabilities of digital simulator. The SVC controller and the nearby substation are modelled in the electromagnetic transient sub-grid, and the residue sub-networks are modelled in the electromechanical sub-grid. This paper focuses on the mechanism of the hybrid electromechanical and electromagnetic simulation, the detailed modelling and the ADPSS-based digital closed-loop test methodologies of the SVC controller. Eventually, the validity and effectiveness of the modelling and control methods are confirmed by the experimental results.
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Gurevich, Vladimir. "Hybrid reed: Solid-state devices are a new generation of protective relays". Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 4, nr 1 (2007): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee0701085g.
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Research and development in the field of electromechanical protective relays has not been conducted for tens of years. Author?s approach allows viewing the problem of re-equipment of relay protection in a new way. In the author?s opinion combination of reed switches with magnetic circuits and semiconductor elements opens new avenues in development of the promising protective relays featuring reliability, simplicity and low cost. Examples of protective relays made with these elements are given below.
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Fan, Zhihua, Qinling Deng, Xiaoyu Ma i Shaolin Zhou. "Phase Change Metasurfaces by Continuous or Quasi-Continuous Atoms for Active Optoelectronic Integration". Materials 14, nr 5 (7.03.2021): 1272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14051272.
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In recent decades, metasurfaces have emerged as an exotic and appealing group of nanophotonic devices for versatile wave regulation with deep subwavelength thickness facilitating compact integration. However, the ability to dynamically control the wave–matter interaction with external stimulus is highly desirable especially in such scenarios as integrated photonics and optoelectronics, since their performance in amplitude and phase control settle down once manufactured. Currently, available routes to construct active photonic devices include micro-electromechanical system (MEMS), semiconductors, liquid crystal, and phase change materials (PCMs)-integrated hybrid devices, etc. For the sake of compact integration and good compatibility with the mainstream complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process for nanofabrication and device integration, the PCMs-based scheme stands out as a viable and promising candidate. Therefore, this review focuses on recent progresses on phase change metasurfaces with dynamic wave control (amplitude and phase or wavefront), and especially outlines those with continuous or quasi-continuous atoms in favor of optoelectronic integration.
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Shingare, Kishor Balasaheb, i Susmita Naskar. "Analytical Solution for Static and Dynamic Analysis of Graphene-Based Hybrid Flexoelectric Nanostructures". Journal of Composites Science 5, nr 3 (6.03.2021): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs5030074.
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Owing to their applications in devices such as in electromechanical sensors, actuators and nanogenerators, the consideration of size-dependent properties in the electromechanical response of composites is of great importance. In this study, a closed-form solution based on the linear piezoelectricity, Kirchhoff’s plate theory and Navier’s solution was developed, to envisage the electromechanical behaviors of hybrid graphene-reinforced piezoelectric composite (GRPC) plates, considering the flexoelectric effect. The governing equations and respective boundary conditions were obtained, using Hamilton’s variational principle for achieving static deflection and resonant frequency. Moreover, the different parameters considering aspect ratio, thickness of plate, different loadings (inline, point, uniformly distributed load (UDL), uniformly varying load (UVL)), the combination of different volume fraction of graphene and piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate are considered to attain the desired bending deflection and frequency response of GRPC. Different mode shapes and flexoelectric coefficients are also considered and the results reveal that the proper addition of graphene percentage and flexoelectric effect on the static and dynamic responses of GRPC plate is substantial. The obtained results expose that the flexoelectric effect on the piezoelastic response of the bending of nanocomposite plates are worth paying attention to, in order to develop a nanoelectromechanical system (NEMS). Our fundamental study sheds the possibility of evolving lightweight and high-performance NEMS applications over the existing piezoelectric materials.
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Doan, Anh Tung, Takahiro Yokoyama, Thang Duy Dao, Satoshi Ishii, Akihiko Ohi, Toshihide Nabatame, Yoshiki Wada, Shigenao Maruyama i Tadaaki Nagao. "A MEMS-Based Quad-Wavelength Hybrid Plasmonic–Pyroelectric Infrared Detector". Micromachines 10, nr 6 (21.06.2019): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10060413.
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Spectrally selective detection is of crucial importance for diverse modern spectroscopic applications such as multi-wavelength pyrometry, non-dispersive infrared gas sensing, biomedical analysis, flame detection, and thermal imaging. This paper reports a quad-wavelength hybrid plasmonic–pyroelectric detector that exhibited spectrally selective infrared detection at four wavelengths—3.3, 3.7, 4.1, and 4.5 μm. The narrowband detection was achieved by coupling the incident infrared light to the resonant modes of the four different plasmonic perfect absorbers based on Al-disk-array placed on a Al2O3–Al bilayer. These absorbers were directly integrated on top of a zinc oxide thin film functioning as a pyroelectric transducer. The device was fabricated using micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) technology to optimize the spectral responsivity. The proposed detector operated at room temperature and exhibited a responsivity of approximately 100–140 mV/W with a full width at half maximum of about 0.9–1.2 μm. The wavelength tunability, high spectral resolution, compactness and robust MEMS-based platform of the hybrid device demonstrated a great advantage over conventional photodetectors with bandpass filters, and exhibited impressive possibilities for miniature multi-wavelength spectroscopic devices.
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Al-Ajmi, Mohammad Shafi, Faizal Mustapha, Mohd Khairol Anuar b. Mohd Ariffin, Nurul Amziah Md Yunus i Izhal Abdul Halin. "A True Hybrid Solar Wind Turbine Electric Generator System for Smaller Hybrid Renewable Energy Power Plants". MATEC Web of Conferences 215 (2018): 01015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821501015.
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Contemporary Hybrid Solar-Wind farms are implemented using separate solar Photovoltaic (PV) cell arrays and wind turbines, where electricity generated from both devices are combined. However, this solution requires a large amount of space to cater for the PV arrays and wind turbines of the system. This paper proposes a new type of renewable energy electric generator with a small power production footprint (PPF) that allows reduction in land usage. The technology introduced in this True Hybrid Wind-Solar (THWS) generator allows for the solar panels to rotate along with a VAWT wind turbine it is attached to through a specially designed electromechanical coupling mechanism. The working principal behind the connections described in this paper. The design of a hybrid circuit module that serves to combine current generated via the solar cells and wind generator and also automatically disconnects inactive wind or solar generators is also described. This is important in order to eliminate unwanted loads generated from the inactive generators from within the THWS itself.
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Maruccio, Claudio, Giuseppe Quaranta, Pasquale Montegiglio, Francesco Trentadue i Giuseppe Acciani. "A Two-Step Hybrid Approach for Modeling the Nonlinear Dynamic Response of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters". Shock and Vibration 2018 (2018): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2054873.
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An effective hybrid computational framework is described here in order to assess the nonlinear dynamic response of piezoelectric energy harvesting devices. The proposed strategy basically consists of two steps. First, fully coupled multiphysics finite element (FE) analyses are performed to evaluate the nonlinear static response of the device. An enhanced reduced-order model is then derived, where the global dynamic response is formulated in the state-space using lumped coefficients enriched with the information derived from the FE simulations. The electromechanical response of piezoelectric beams under forced vibrations is studied by means of the proposed approach, which is also validated by comparing numerical predictions with some experimental results. Such numerical and experimental investigations have been carried out with the main aim of studying the influence of material and geometrical parameters on the global nonlinear response. The advantage of the presented approach is that the overall computational and experimental efforts are significantly reduced while preserving a satisfactory accuracy in the assessment of the global behavior.
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Hu, Tengjiang, Kuang Fang, Zhiming Zhang, Xiaohua Jiang i Yulong Zhao. "The Hybrid Fabrication Process of Metal/Silicon Composite Structure for MEMS S&A Device". Micromachines 10, nr 7 (13.07.2019): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10070469.
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The micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) safety-and-arming (S&A) device has the features of integration and miniaturization, which is one of the important directions of weapon development. Confined by the fabrication process, the silicon-based devices are too fragile, and the metal-based devices are low precision. In order to solve the contradiction between high precision and high structure strength, a metal/silicon composite structure is proposed in this paper, and a hybrid fabrication process is introduced. This new method mainly consists of metal sputtering, electroplating, and (inductively–coupled-plasma) ICP etching. As the resolution of the thick dry film is limited, the process of a femtosecond laser is applied to refine the structure, and the Ni plate (a block of 1 mm × 3 mm × 0.3 mm with a cavity of ϕ 0.85 mm × 0.3 mm in the center) is fabricated on the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer successfully. After the double sides are etched by ICP, the SOI wafer is immersed in a buffered-oxide-etch (BOE) etchant to remove the buried layer. The cover plate acts as the encapsulation and is bonded with the SOI wafer by the epoxy glue. Then, the temporary support beam of the device is broken by the probe, and the suspended composite structure can be fully released. The hybrid process is the integration of the silicon-based process and the metal-based process, which can combine the advantages of both high precision and a high structure strength. The process proposed here is suitable for the application of weapon miniaturization.
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Ruiz-Díez, Víctor, Jorge Hernando-García i José Luis Sánchez-Rojas. "Linear Motors Based on Piezoelectric MEMS". Proceedings 64, nr 1 (20.11.2020): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecat2020-08483.
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This paper reports the design, fabrication and performance of Micro-electromechanical Systems (MEMS) piezoelectric bidirectional conveyors featuring 3D-printed legs in bridge resonators. The structures consisted of aluminium-nitride (AlN) piezoelectric film on top of millimetre-sized rectangular thin silicon bridges and two electrode patches. The position and size of the patches were analytically optimised for wave generation, while the addition of 3D-printed legs, for a controlled contact, allowed for a further step into the manufacturing of efficient linear motors. Such hybrid devices have recently demonstrated the conveyance of sliders—surpassing several times the motor weight—with speeds of 1.7 mm/s while operated at 6 V and 19.3 kHz. However, by the optimisation of various aspects of the device such as the vibrational modes and excitation signals, speeds above 25 mm/s were demonstrated.
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Nandor, Mark J., Maryellen Heebner, Roger Quinn, Ronald J. Triolo i Nathaniel S. Makowski. "Transmission Comparison for Cooperative Robotic Applications". Actuators 10, nr 9 (25.08.2021): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act10090203.
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The development of powered assistive devices that integrate exoskeletal motors and muscle activation for gait restoration benefits from actuators with low backdrive torque. Such an approach enables motors to assist as needed while maximizing the joint torque muscles, contributing to movement, and facilitating ballistic motions instead of overcoming passive dynamics. Two electromechanical actuators were developed to determine the effect of two candidate transmission implementations for an exoskeletal joint. To differentiate the transmission effects, the devices utilized the same motor and similar gearing. One actuator included a commercially available harmonic drive transmission while the other incorporated a custom designed two-stage planetary transmission. Passive resistance and mechanical efficiency were determined based on isometric torque and passive resistance. The planetary-based actuator outperformed the harmonic-based actuator in all tests and would be more suitable for hybrid exoskeletons.
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Kawa, Bartosz, Krzysztof Śliwa, Vincent Lee, Qiongfeng Shi i Rafał Walczak. "Inkjet 3D Printed MEMS Vibrational Electromagnetic Energy Harvester". Energies 13, nr 11 (1.06.2020): 2800. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112800.
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Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a powerful tool that enables the printing of almost unlimited geometry in a few hours, from a virtual design to a real structure. In this paper, we present a micro-electromechanical energy harvester that utilized a 3D printed micromechanical structure combined with a miniature permanent magnet and a microelectronic coil towards a hybrid electromagnetic vibrational hybrid energy harvester. Various micromechanical structure geometries were designed, printed, and tested. The characteristic dimensions of the springs were from 200 μm to 400 μm and the total volume of the devices was below 1 cm3. The resonant frequencies (95–340 Hz range), as well as bandwidths (6–23 Hz range), for the developed prototypes were determined. The maximal generated output power was almost 24 μW with a power density up to almost 600 μW/cm3.
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Marulasiddappa, Hallikeri Basappa, i Viswanathan Pushparajesh. "Direct torque control of electric vehicle drives using hybrid techniques". International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 13, nr 5 (1.10.2023): 5026. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v13i5.pp5026-5034.
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Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) have the capability of delivering a high torque-to-current ratio, better efficiency and low noise. Because of the above-mentioned factors, PMSMs are commonly employed in variable speed drives, especially in electric vehicle (EV) applications. Without the usage of electromechanical devices, the conventional direct torque control (DTC) can control the speed and torque of PMSM. DTC is highly efficient, fast-tracking and provides smooth torque while limiting its ripple during transient periods. There are many benefits to using a DTC-controlled PMSM drive, including quick and reliable torque reaction, high-performance control speed, and enhanced performance. This research examines the use of the DTC approach to enhance the speed and torque behavior of PMSM. The jellyfish search optimizer (JSO) is used to adjust the DTC's responsiveness and tailor the controller's best gains. In order to train the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) controller, JSO data are utilized. The simulation outcomes demonstrate that the proposed JSO-ANFIS controller achieves a minimal torque ripple of 0.26 Nm and preserves the speed with a harmonic error of 1.21% while contrasted to existing methods.
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Cheng, H. H. "Real-Time Manipulation of a Hybrid Serial-and-Parallel-Driven Redundant Industrial Manipulator". Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 116, nr 4 (1.12.1994): 687–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2899268.
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The real-time implementation of path planning, trajectory generation, and servo control for manipulation of the prototype UPSarm are presented in this paper. The prototype UPSarm, which is primarily designed for studying the feasibility of loading packages inside a trailer, is a ten degree-of-freedom hybrid serial-and-parallel-driven redundant robot manipulator. The direct, forward, inverse, and indirect kinematic solutions of the UPSarm using three coordinate spaces: actuator space, effective joint space, and world Cartesian coordinate space are derived for real-time path planning, trajectory generation, and control. The manipulation of the UPSarm is based upon a general-purpose path planner and trajectory generator. Provided with appropriate kinematics modules and sufficient computational power, this path planner and trajectory generator can be used for real-time motion control of any degree-of-freedom hybrid serial-and-parallel-driven electromechanical devices. A VMEbus-based distributed computing system has been implemented for real-time motion control of the UPSarm. A PID-based feedforward servo control scheme is used in our servo controller. The motion examples of the UPSarm programmed in our robot language will show the practical manipulation of hybrid serial-and-parallel-driven redundant kinematic chains.
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Alam, Md Najib, Vineet Kumar, Han-Saem Jung i Sang-Shin Park. "Fabrication of High-Performance Natural Rubber Composites with Enhanced Filler–Rubber Interactions by Stearic Acid-Modified Diatomaceous Earth and Carbon Nanotubes for Mechanical and Energy Harvesting Applications". Polymers 15, nr 17 (31.08.2023): 3612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15173612.
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Mechanical robustness and high energy efficiency of composite materials are immensely important in modern stretchable, self-powered electronic devices. However, the availability of these materials and their toxicities are challenging factors. This paper presents the mechanical and energy-harvesting performances of low-cost natural rubber composites made of stearic acid-modified diatomaceous earth (mDE) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The obtained mechanical properties were significantly better than those of unfilled rubber. Compared to pristine diatomaceous earth, mDE has higher reinforcing efficiencies in terms of mechanical properties because of the effective chemical surface modification by stearic acid and enhanced filler–rubber interactions. The addition of a small amount of CNT as a component in the hybrid filler systems not only improves the mechanical properties but also improves the electrical properties of the rubber composites and has electromechanical sensitivity. For example, the fracture toughness of unfilled rubber (9.74 MJ/m3) can be enhanced by approximately 484% in a composite (56.86 MJ/m3) with 40 phr (per hundred grams of rubber) hybrid filler, whereas the composite showed electrical conductivity. At a similar mechanical load, the energy-harvesting efficiency of the composite containing 57 phr mDE and 3 phr CNT hybrid filler was nearly double that of the only 3 phr CNT-containing composite. The higher energy-harvesting efficiency of the mDE-filled conductive composites may be due to their increased dielectric behaviour. Because of their bio-based materials, rubber composites made by mDE can be considered eco-friendly composites for mechanical and energy harvesting applications and suitable electronic health monitoring devices.
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Valentini, Luca, Maria Rachele Ceccarini, Raquel Verdejo, Gianluca Tondi i Tommaso Beccari. "Stretchable, Bio-Compatible, Antioxidant and Self-Powering Adhesives from Soluble Silk Fibroin and Vegetal Polyphenols Exfoliated Graphite". Nanomaterials 11, nr 9 (10.09.2021): 2352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11092352.
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The development of bio-glues is still a challenging task, regarding adhesion on wet surfaces; often, high performance and adaption to complex geometries need to be combined in one material. Here, we report biocompatible adhesives obtained by blending regenerated silk (RS) with a soluble plant-derived polyphenol (i.e., chestnut tannin) that was also used to exfoliate graphite to obtain graphene-based RS/tannin (G-RS/T) composites. The resultant G-RS/T hybrid material exhibited outstanding stretchability (i.e., 400%) and high shear strength (i.e., 180 kPa), superior to that of commercial bio-glues, and showed sealant properties for tissue approximation. Moreover, we showed how such nanocomposites exhibit electromechanical properties that could potentially be used for the realization of green and eco-friendly piezoelectric devices. Finally, we demonstrate the in vitro glue’s biocompatibility and anti-oxidant properties that enable their utilization in clinical applications.
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WIXFORTH, ACHIM. "INTERACTION OF SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVES, ELECTRONS, AND LIGHT". International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 10, nr 04 (grudzień 2000): 1193–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s012915640000074x.
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The interaction of surface acoustic waves with free carriers in semiconductor nanostructures has turned out to yield a powerful tool not only for the investigation of the dynamic conductivity of such quantum systems. The latter has been shown in the study of the dynamics of the fractional and integer quantum Hall effect and many other interesting physical phenomena. The interaction is based on a relaxation type and impedance matching effect. However - to make practical use of this strong interaction, the electromechanical coupling coefficients of state-of-the-art semiconductor layered systems are too small. A hybrid technique, merging the strong piezoelectricity of LiNbO 3 or similar substrates with the excellent electronic properties of band gap engineered semiconductor quantum wells tackles this problem. Based on this new hybridization technique, several acoustoelectric high frequency devices have been realized. But also optically generated free electrons and holes in a semiconductor efficiently interact with the piezoelectric fields and potentials accompanying the surface wave. Those are able to field-ionize optically generated excitons leading to an acoustically induced quenching of the photoluminescence of a semiconductor quantum well, and to a system in which photonic signals can be efficiently converted into spatially separated electrons and holes which then can be transported over macroscopic distances along the quantum well. Finally - at a predetermined time and location on the sample – they can be reassembled into photonic signals. But also much simpler photonic devices can be realized using surface acoustic waves on semiconductor samples. For instance, we report on a simple, yet efficient camera type of device for pattern recognition and image processing.
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Wang, Zehuan, Shiyuan Liu, Zhengbao Yang i Shuxiang Dong. "Perspective on Development of Piezoelectric Micro-Power Generators". Nanoenergy Advances 3, nr 2 (4.04.2023): 73–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nanoenergyadv3020005.
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Anthropogenetic environmental deterioration and climate change caused by energy production and consumption pose a significant threat to the future of humanity. Renewable, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective energy sources are becoming increasingly important for addressing future energy demands. Mechanical power is the most common type of external energy that can be converted into useful electric power. Because of its strong electromechanical coupling ability, the piezoelectric mechanism is a far more successful technique for converting mechanics energy to electrical energy when compared to electrostatic, electromagnetic, and triboelectric transduction systems. Currently, the scientific community has maintained a strong interest in piezoelectric micro-power generators because of their great potential for powering a sensor unit in the distributed network nodes. A national network usually has a large mass of sensor units distributed in each city, and a self-powered sensor network is eagerly required. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the development of piezoelectric micro-power generators. The fundamentals of piezoelectric energy conversion, including operational modes and working mechanisms, are introduced. Current research progress in piezoelectric materials including zinc oxide, ceramics, single crystals, organics, composite, bio-inspired and foam materials are reviewed. Piezoelectric energy harvesting at the nano- and microscales, and its applications in a variety of fields such as wind, liquid flow, body movement, implantable and sensing devices are discussed. Finally, the future development of multi-field coupled, hybrid piezoelectric micropower generators and their potential applications are discussed.
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Korobskyy, V., i A. Proskura. "Analysis of the state of hybrid wind power plants and their simulation". Energy and automation, nr 6(58) (24.11.2021): 58–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/energiya2021.06.058.
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The analysis of the provision of wind power plants of low power power supply to different consumers, taking into account the installed capacity and remoteness, is carried out. The expediency of using some design solutions of wind power plants with a horizontal axis of rotation, which are included in the power limitation up to 20 kW, is considered. It was found that low-power hybrid wind turbines equipped with storage devices are the most suitable option for providing power supply to consumers, where there is no centralized power grid within a radius of 20 km. It is noted that the most preferable for use are synchronous alternators over asynchronous or direct current generators. Two technical solutions for the operation of wind turbines are considered, one of which combines the traditional use of the installation with the consumer; and in the other - the connection of the wind turbine with an electric consumer using solar panels, a storage battery and a voltage inverter. It is noted that both options have their own advantages and disadvantages in practice, as well as a feature of the electromechanical system of wind turbines is the unpredictable and uncontrollable input of primary energy of a stochastic air flow, which leads to fluctuations in the output parameters (voltage and current frequency). Therefore, in order to eliminate this drawback and ensure the supply of electricity to consumers, the electricity generated by the generator will be used to charge the storage battery. It is noted that the disadvantages of traditional wind turbines create a significant contradiction, consisting in the emergence of the need to increase their energy efficiency of operation by improving the traditional design, on the one hand, and the inability of existing wind turbines to provide such an increase, on the other hand. In this case, the most rational solution may be the use of a wind turbine design with solar panels, which will ensure the operation of the wind turbine in a windless period and efficient adjustment of electrical payloads with increasing wind speed using the accumulated energy to power the current collectors. When conducting research in the field of wind energy, it is often necessary to use different models. The mathematical model describes a real object only with a certain degree of approximation (detail). In this case, the type of model depends both on the nature of the object under study and on the research tasks, modeling techniques, and the required accuracy of object description. The study proposes a simulation model of a wind power plant in the Simulink software application to estimate the generated power. The dependences of the design power of the wind turbine on the wind speed at three different radii of the wind turbine are obtained. Key words: wind power plant, consumer, installed capacity, renewable energy sources, wind speed, simulation, wind turbine, storage battery, generator, voltage inverter
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Dovgalyuk, O. М., R. V. Bondarenko i I. S. Yakovenko. "DEVELOPMENT OF MEASURES TO IMPROVE THE OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY OF AUTONOMOUS LIGHTING COMPLEXES FOR UKRAINIAN HIGHWAYS". Bulletin of the National Technical University "KhPI". Series: Energy: Reliability and Energy Efficiency, nr 1 (1) (30.12.2020): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2224-0349.2020.01.06.
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Reducing highway hazards through the creation of modern lighting systems is an important practical task that currently has some difficulties. The rapid development of renewable energy makes it possible to use off-the-shelf solutions to create autonomous lighting complexes for unregulated pedestrian crossings. The analysis of peculiarities of design, constructive structure and operation of autonomous lighting complexes, which are located in Kharkiv region and use renewable energy sources and energy storage systems to power lighting devices and flashing signal lights, is carried out. The analysis results showed that the lighting complexes under investigation are not capable of supplying sufficient energy for themselves and of functioning properly at low insolation and low ambient temperatures. The reasons for the unstable operation of autonomous lighting complexes have been identified, with the main one being the insufficient accuracy of taking into account the actual climatic operating conditions of facilities when forming design solutions. Measures have been developed to improve the efficiency of the autonomous lighting complexes under study, involving the use of off-the-shelf technical solutions based on modern tools and technologies. A criterion for sufficiency of the developed measures to solve the problem of autonomous power supply of lighting complexes for highways is proposed. The sign of the resulting capacity of the complex over the calculation time period is taken as a sufficiency criterion. The practical use of the developed criterion confirmed the feasibility of the proposed measures to improve the operational efficiency of the investigated autonomous lighting complexes for highways. Calculations have shown that it is not sufficient to use solar panels alone to supply highway lighting complexes located in regions with unstable levels of insolation. The feasibility of hybrid power supply systems for autonomous lighting complexes that use additional power sources such as wind turbines and systems with electromechanical converters in addition to solar panels has been quantitatively confirmed.
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Rendon-Hernandez, Adrian A., Spencer E. Smith, Miah A. Halim i David P. Arnold. "Hybrid Piezo/Magnetic Electromechanical Transformer". Micromachines 12, nr 10 (5.10.2021): 1214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12101214.
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This paper presents a hybrid electromechanical transformer that passively transfers electrical power between galvanically isolated ports by coupling electrodynamic and piezoelectric transducers. The use of these two complementary electromechanical transduction methods along with a high-Q mechanical resonance affords very large transformations of voltage, current, or impedance at particular electrical frequencies. A chip-size prototype is designed, simulated, fabricated, and experimentally characterized. The 7.6 mm × 7.6 mm × 1.65 mm device achieves an open-circuit voltage gain of 31.4 and 48.7 when operating as a step-up transformer at 729.5 Hz and 1015 Hz resonance frequencies, respectively. When operating as a step-down transformer, the resonance frequencies and the corresponding voltage gains are 728 Hz, 1002 Hz, and 0.0097, 0.0128, respectively. In one operational mode, the system shows a minimum power dissipation of only 0.9 µW corresponding to a power conversion efficiency of 11.8%.
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Qin, Li-Guo, Zhong-Yang Wang, Hong-Yang Ma, Chao-Min Zhang, Li Ren, Li-Li Wang i Shang-Qing Gong. "Optomechanical entanglement switch in the hybrid opto-electromechanical device". Journal of the Optical Society of America B 36, nr 6 (22.05.2019): 1544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josab.36.001544.
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Sun, Binbin, Tianqi Gu, Mengxue Xie, Pengwei Wang, Song Gao i Xi Zhang. "Strategy Design and Performance Analysis of an Electromechanical Flywheel Hybrid Scheme for Electric Vehicles". Sustainability 14, nr 17 (3.09.2022): 11017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141711017.
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Energy management strategies are one of the key factors affecting the working efficiency of electric vehicle energy power systems. At present, electric vehicles will develop real-time and efficient energy management strategies according to the topology of on-board energy power system to improve the driving performance of vehicles. In this paper, a new electromechanical flywheel hybrid system is studied. Firstly, the characteristics of the topological scheme of the electromechanical flywheel hybrid system are analyzed, and the working modes are designed. Secondly, in order to improve the efficiency of vehicles’ energy utilization and ensure the real-time performance of the management strategy, an energy management strategy based on fuzzy rules is designed with the flywheel’s state of energy (SOE) as the key reference parameter. Then, considering the directional stability in the braking process, the braking force distribution strategy between the front axle and the rear axle is designed. In order to improve the braking energy recovery efficiency, the secondary distribution strategy consisting of a mechanical braking force and regenerative braking force on the front and rear axles is designed. Finally, the bench test of a electromechanical flywheel hybrid system is carried out. Experiments show that compared with the original dual-motor four-wheel drive scheme, the electromechanical flywheel hybrid four-wheel drive system scheme developed in this paper can reduce the current variation range of lithium batteries by 43.16%, increase the average efficiency by 1.04%, and increase the braking energy recovery rate by 40.61% under the Japan urban cycle conditions. In addition, taking advantage of the energy and power regulation advantages of the electromechanical flywheel device, the power consumption of the lithium battery is reduced by 1.82% under cycling conditions.
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Sun, Binbin, Tianqi Gu, Bo Li, Pengwei Wang, Song Gao i Shubin Wei. "Design and application of electromechanical flywheel hybrid device for electric vehicle". Energy Reports 8 (listopad 2022): 12570–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2022.09.078.
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He, Hongwen, Jiayi Luo, Jiankun Peng i Jingda Wu. "Parameter Matching and Simulation Analysis of Electromechanical Coupling Device for Hybrid Electric Vehicle". Energy Procedia 105 (maj 2017): 2329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.668.
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Ferdaus, Rashid Ahammed, Mahir Asif Mohammed, Sanzidur Rahman, Sayedus Salehin i Mohammad Abdul Mannan. "Energy Efficient Hybrid Dual Axis Solar Tracking System". Journal of Renewable Energy 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/629717.
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This paper describes the design and implementation of an energy efficient solar tracking system from a normal mechanical single axis to a hybrid dual axis. For optimizing the solar tracking mechanism electromechanical systems were evolved through implementation of different evolutional algorithms and methodologies. To present the tracker, a hybrid dual-axis solar tracking system is designed, built, and tested based on both the solar map and light sensor based continuous tracking mechanism. These light sensors also compare the darkness and cloudy and sunny conditions assisting daily tracking. The designed tracker can track sun’s apparent position at different months and seasons; thereby the electrical controlling device requires a real time clock device for guiding the tracking system in seeking solar position for the seasonal motion. So the combination of both of these tracking mechanisms made the designed tracker a hybrid one. The power gain and system power consumption are compared with a static and continuous dual axis solar tracking system. It is found that power gain of hybrid dual axis solar tracking system is almost equal to continuous dual axis solar tracking system, whereas the power saved in system operation by the hybrid tracker is 44.44% compared to the continuous tracking system.
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Hull, M. L., M. Swanstrom i B. Wade. "Electromechanical Ski Release Binding With Mechanical Backup". Journal of Mechanical Design 119, nr 1 (1.03.1997): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2828779.
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To better protect Alpine skiers against injuries to both the lower leg and the knee, the objective of this work was to design a binding which: (1) maintained a consistent release level in twist in the presence of combined loads; (2) released the heelpiece based on the anterior/posterior (A/P) bending moment transmitted by the leg; and (3) modulated the release level in twist depending on the degree of contraction in muscles crossing the knee. To fulfill the objective, a conventional ski binding was modified. Modifications included integrating dynamometers into the toepiece, anti-friction device (AFD), and heelpiece. The toepiece sensor indicates the twisting moment while the AFD and heelpiece sensors indicate the anterior bending moment transmitted by the leg. To gain electronic control of binding release, a solenoid actuated mechanism was added which translated the heelpiece rearward along the ski to decouple the boot from the binding. Otherwise, the binding allowed normal mechanical function. Prototype testing confirmed the ability of the dynamometers to accurately measure desired loads in the presence of extraneous loads and the reliability of the solenoid actuated mechanism in releasing the hoot under loads typical of skiing. Thus, this work demonstrated the feasibility of hybrid electromechanical/mechanical releasable bindings. Such a demonstration should encourage the development of designs for commercial use.
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Brusa, Eugenio. "Optimisation of a Hybrid Energy Scavenger with Piezoelectric/Magnetic Coupling for Sensor-Bearing Units". Advanced Materials Research 745 (sierpień 2013): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.745.41.
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Vibration monitoring based on wireless distributed sensors is currently used in steelmaking plants to early detect structural damage occurring in the rolling mill components. This approach allows overcoming some severe limitations of access to those industrial equipments, but sensors need a local power supply. Vibration energy harvesting based on piezoelectric materials is therefore proposed for this purpose. Nevertheless, very often it happens that dimensions of the energy scavenger are incompatible with the size of the system, thus not allowing a perfect tuning of its resonance upon the frequency of the dynamic excitation. Moreover, sometimes the amplitude of vibration is too low to induce a sufficient amount of energy conversion. Those problems motivated a previous work of the author, about the feasibility of plucking the flexible structure through either a relative motion or rotation of the harvested system and the energy scavenger, respectively. To avoid the drawbacks due to the wear in plucking the material, a contactless electromechanical coupling was proposed. The interaction between two permanent magnets, being one applied to the scavenger tip and the other fixed, was used to excite the vibration and the electromechanical conversion through the piezoelectric layer. The effectiveness of such hybrid system composed by the structure with surface bonded piezoelectric layers and the couple of magnets was investigated and compared to the power requirements of some sensors currently used to measure the dynamic response of the backup roll bearings located at the outer crown of the rolling mill. An optimisation of the whole device to increase the overall performance is proposed by following some approaches assessed in the literature and tested on some specimens of energy scavenger. The optimisation activity was based on a suitable selection of the piezoelectric material aimed at reaching the highest electromechanical coupling with a good mechanical strength and on a suitable shaping of the electrode surface aimed at assuring the largest efficiency in the energy conversion.
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Hu, Lei, Zhigang Duan, Jinsha Song, Bo Wu, Hui Wang i Jian He. "Electromechanical Properties of a Hybrid Broadband Wind Energy Harvester for Smart Agriculture Monitoring in theLoess Plateau". Electronics 12, nr 1 (22.12.2022): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12010034.
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Wind, as a ubiquitous energy, is an important power source for intelligent monitoring systems in smart agriculture applications, and its efficient collection can greatly improve the long-term performance of monitoring systems. However, it is difficult to achieve the broadband and efficient harvesting of wind energy using the existing energy collection technology. Herein, a broadband energy conversion device (ECD), consisting of a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and an electromagnetic generator (EMG), is proposed for wind energy collection under different wind speeds. The introduction of an optimized Scotch yoke mechanism greatly improves the utilization of wind energy by the TENG, thus reducing energy dissipation. Moreover, the addition of a deflector into the fan greatly reduces the start-up wind speed and improves the ability of the device to capture breeze energy. By doping multi-walled carbon nanotubes, the output voltage and current of the TENG can be improved by 108.89% and 116.61%, respectively. Furthermore, the adopted all-directional conductive foam can greatly prolong the service life of the ECD. The peak power of the ECD is 68.49 mW at 9.6 m/s, with the EMG and TENG producing approximately 64.80 mW and 3.69 mW, respectively. The proposed ECD provides a new technical strategy for the practical application of wind energy harvesters.
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Zhu, Yongqiang, Zhaoyang Zhang, Pingxia Zhang i Yurong Tan. "A Magnetically Coupled Piezoelectric–Electromagnetic Low-Frequency Multidirection Hybrid Energy Harvester". Micromachines 13, nr 5 (11.05.2022): 761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13050761.
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The traditional single electromechanical conversion energy harvester can collect energy only in a single vibration direction. Moreover, it requires high environmental vibration frequency, and its output power is low. To solve these problems, a cross-shaped magnetically coupled piezoelectric–electromagnetic hybrid harvester is proposed. The harvester comprised a ring-shaped support frame, a piezoelectric generation structure, and an electromagnetic generation structure. The harvester could simultaneously generate energy piezoelectrically and electrically, in addition, it could generate electricity efficiently at a lower environmental vibration, and it can collect the energy in two vibration directions simultaneously. To verify the effectiveness of the device, we set up a vibration experiment system and conducted comparative experiments about non-magnetically coupled piezoelectric, magnetically coupled piezoelectric, and magnetically coupled piezoelectric–electromagnetic hybrid energy harvesters. The experimental results showed that the output power of the magnetically coupled piezoelectric–electromagnetic hybrid energy harvester was 2.13 mW for the piezoelectric structure and 1.76 mW for the electromagnetic structure under the vibration of single-direction resonant frequency. The total hybrid output power was 3.89 mW. The hybrid harvester could collect vibration energy parallel to the ring in any direction. Furthermore, compared with the non-magnetically coupled piezoelectric energy harvester and the magnetically coupled piezoelectric energy harvester, the output power was increased by 141.6% and 55.6%, respectively.
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Pan, Sisi, Wei Jiang, Ming Li, Hua Geng i Jieyun Wang. "Evaluation of the Communication Delay in a Hybrid Real-Time Simulator for Weak Grids". Energies 15, nr 6 (19.03.2022): 2255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15062255.
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Real-time Simulation (RTS) is one of the effective means via which to study device level or system level dynamics, such as power converter online testing, evaluation, and control, and power system stability analysis. The RTS -enabled design-chain offers a time -effective, low-cost, and fail-safe development process. As the penetration of renewable energy is becoming higher, the demand in hybrid system real-time simulation becomes imperative, where fast-dynamic device level power converters and slow -dynamic large -scale power systems are simulated at the same time. This paper introduces a novel hybrid real-time simulation architecture based on the central processing unit (CPU) and the field-programmable gate array (FPGA). Compared with the off-the-shelf power system real-time simulation system, it offers both wide time scale simulation and high accuracy. The multi-time scale model can perform electromechanical electromagnetic transient hybrid simulation, which can be applied to the research of power systems penetrated with power converters. In the proposed simulation platform, the communication delay is introduced when different RTS platforms exchange real-time data. The communication delay should be considered in the stability analysis of the grid-connected inverters in a weak grid environment. Based on the virtual impedance characteristic formed by the control loop with and without communication delay, the impedance characteristics are analyzed and inter-simulator delay impacts are revealed in this paper. Theoretical analysis indicates that the communication delay, contrary to expectation, can improve the virtual impedance characteristics of the system. With the same hardware simulation parameters, the grid-converter system is verified on both the Typhoon system alone and the Typhoon-dSPACE-SpaceR hybrid simulation platform. The THD value of grid current in a weak grid environment that works in the Typhoon system is 4.98%, and 2.38% in the Typhoon-dSPACE-SpaceR hybrid simulation platform. This study eventually reveals the fact that the inter-simulation delay creates the illusion that the control system built in the novel hybrid real-time simulation is more stable under weak grid conditions.
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Yu, Yunru, Jiahui Guo, Lingyu Sun, Xiaoxuan Zhang i Yuanjin Zhao. "Microfluidic Generation of Microsprings with Ionic Liquid Encapsulation for Flexible Electronics". Research 2019 (19.06.2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2019/6906275.
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Inspired by helical or spiral veins, which endow plants with excellent flexibility and elasticity to withstand storms, we present novel hollow microsprings with ionic liquid encapsulation for flexible and stretchable electronics. The microsprings were generated by using a coaxial capillary microfluidic device to consecutively spin poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) presolution and an ionic liquid, which formed laminar flows in the coaxial injection microfluidic channels. The fast phase inversion of PVDF helps to form the core-shell structure of a microfiber and guarantees the in situ encapsulation of ionic liquid. The hybrid microfiber can then spiral and be further solidified to maintain the helical structure with increasing flow rates of the injection fluids. Because of the feasible and precise control of the injection fluids during the microfluidic spinning, the resultant microsprings have controlled core-shell structures, helical pitches, and corresponding electromechanical properties. By further embedding them into stretchable films, the simple paradigm of a flexible device shows great conductive performance in tensile tests and even motion cycles, which could be explored as a promising candidate in stretchable sensors, flexible electronics, and electronic skins.
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Zhao, Xinqi, Yong Zhai i Youtong Zhang. "Torque Ripple Suppression Strategy of Electromechanical Coupling System of Hybrid Electric Towing Vehicle Based on Feedforward Control". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2283, nr 1 (1.06.2022): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2283/1/012015.
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Abstract Aiming at the problem of output torque ripple of power split engine motor power system coupled with planetary gear train, based on the dynamic model of the system, the torque ripple suppression algorithm considering coupling device and engine instantaneous torque observer based on engine instantaneous torque are designed. In order to solve the problem that a single control method fails to meet the steady-state performance and response time at the same time, a torque ripple suppression strategy of electromechanical coupling system based on feedforward control is proposed. Combined with the modeling of GT-power and MATLAB / Simulink platform, the rated operating points are simulated in coordinated driving mode and input split mode respectively. The results show that the control strategy can reduce the output torque ripple of the ring gear by 25.46% and 19.34% respectively in coordinated driving mode and input split mode. The control strategy can reduce the output torque ripple by 14.30% and speed ripple by 37.32% in the dynamic condition of PTO intervention.
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Zhao, Xinqi, Yong Zhai i Youtong Zhang. "Torque Ripple Suppression Strategy of Electromechanical Coupling System of Hybrid Electric Towing Vehicle Based on Feedforward Control". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2283, nr 1 (1.06.2022): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2283/1/012015.
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Abstract Aiming at the problem of output torque ripple of power split engine motor power system coupled with planetary gear train, based on the dynamic model of the system, the torque ripple suppression algorithm considering coupling device and engine instantaneous torque observer based on engine instantaneous torque are designed. In order to solve the problem that a single control method fails to meet the steady-state performance and response time at the same time, a torque ripple suppression strategy of electromechanical coupling system based on feedforward control is proposed. Combined with the modeling of GT-power and MATLAB / Simulink platform, the rated operating points are simulated in coordinated driving mode and input split mode respectively. The results show that the control strategy can reduce the output torque ripple of the ring gear by 25.46% and 19.34% respectively in coordinated driving mode and input split mode. The control strategy can reduce the output torque ripple by 14.30% and speed ripple by 37.32% in the dynamic condition of PTO intervention.
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Ruiz-Díez, Víctor, Abdallah Ababneh, Helmut Seidel i José Luis Sánchez-Rojas. "Design and Characterization of a Planar Micro-Conveyor Device Based on Cooperative Legged Piezoelectric MEMS Resonators". Micromachines 13, nr 8 (28.07.2022): 1202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13081202.
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This paper reports the design, fabrication, and performance of a hybrid piezoelectric planar micro-conveyor based on Micro-Electromechanical Systems (MEMS) bridge resonators and featuring 3D-printed vertical legs. The device includes two cooperating silicon plate resonators with an area of 5 × 1 mm2, actuated by an integrated aluminum-nitride (AlN) piezoelectric thin film. An optimally designed array of 3D-printed projection legs was attached to the plates, to convert the standing-wave (SW) vertical vibrations into horizontal rotations or translations of the supported slider. An open-loop control strategy based on burst-type driving signals, with different numbers of sinusoidal cycles applied on each of the resonators, allowed the cooperation of the two bridges to set up prescribed trajectories of small flat objects, up to 100 mg, with positional accuracy below 100 nm and speeds up to 20 mm/s, by differential drive actuation. The effect of the leg tip and sliders’ surface finish on the conveyor performance was investigated, suggesting that further optimizations may be possible by modifying the tribological properties. Finally, the application of the micro-conveyor as a reconfigurable electronic system, driven by a preprogrammed sequence of signals, was demonstrated by delivering some surface-mount technology (SMD) parts lying on a 65 mg glass slider.
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Loginova, E. Yu, i G. Yu Kuznetsov. "Improving Traction Characteristics of a Diesel Locomotive with a Hybrid Power Plant". World of Transport and Transportation 20, nr 3 (15.01.2023): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2022-20-3-3.
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The expediency of using a hybrid power system with the use of traction batteries on a diesel locomotive is substantiated since the relevance of the problem being solved lies in the possibility of increasing the weight norm of the train without reducing the performance of the main power equipment of the diesel locomotive, which is of great importance for improving the efficiency of railways.To predict the effectiveness of introduction of autonomous locomotives with a combined power source, traction properties of a diesel locomotive equipped with a set of traction batteries are estimated by mathematical modelling. The basis of the method is a dynamic model of train movement, in which the locomotive is represented as an electromechanical system with a direct current electric drive, where a diesel power generator and a lithium-ion battery are used as the primary energy source. It is shown that the use of a hybrid power source with a storage device with capacity of 1300 ampere-hours on a diesel locomotive makes it possible to increase the weight rate of a train by 18 % when moving along a typical profile. Particular attention is paid to the requirements for operation of traction electric machines to prevent their premature failure. It was found that during movement of a locomotive with a hybrid power plant with a train of the calculated weight and under normal environmental conditions (20°C and normal barometric pressure), an increase in the load current of traction motors does not lead to overheating of their windings at the calculated upward slope.The model suggested is universal and allows calculating the efficiency of a diesel locomotive with a hybrid power plant under any driving conditions.
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He, Shan, Yang Yuan, Anindya Nag, Shilun Feng, Nasrin Afsarimanesh, Tao Han, Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay i Dominic Rowan Organ. "A Review on the Use of Impedimetric Sensors for the Inspection of Food Quality". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, nr 14 (20.07.2020): 5220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145220.
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This paper exhibits a thorough review of the use of impedimetric sensors for the analysis of food quality. It helps to understand the contribution of some of the major types of impedimetric sensors that are used for this application. The deployment of impedimetric sensing prototypes has been advantageous due to their wide linear range of responses, detection of the target analyte at low concentrations, good stability, high accuracy and high reproducibility in the results. The choice of these sensors was classified on the basis of structure and the conductive material used to develop them. The first category included the use of nanomaterials such as graphene and metallic nanowires used to form the sensing devices. Different forms of graphene nanoparticles, such as nano-hybrids, nanosheets, and nano-powders, have been largely used to sense biomolecules in the micro-molar range. The use of conductive materials such as gold, copper, tungsten and tin to develop nanowire-based prototypes for the inspection of food quality has also been shown. The second category was based on conventional electromechanical circuits such as electronic noses and other smart systems. Within this sector, the standardized systems, such as electronic noses, and LC circuit -based systems have been explained. Finally, some of the challenges posed by the existing sensors have been listed out, along with an estimate of the increase in the number of sensors employed to assess food quality.
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Bennett, Matthew D., i Donald J. Leo. "Hybrid Actuation in Coupled Ionic / Conducting Polymer Devices". MRS Proceedings 785 (2003). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-785-d8.2.
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ABSTRACTIonic polymer membrane actuators represent a relatively new and exciting entry into the field of smart materials. Several key limitations of these transducers have prevented them from experiencing widespread use, however. For example, the bandwidth of these devices is limited at very low frequencies by characteristic relaxation and at high frequencies by the low elastic modulus of the polymer. In this paper, an overview of the initial results of work with hybrid ionic / conducting polymer actuators is presented. These hybrid actuators are devices that combine the electromechanical coupling of ionic polymer actuators and conducting polymer actuators into one coupled device. Initial results show that these hybrid devices have the potential to offer marked advantages over traditional ionic polymer membrane transducers, including increased stress and strain generation and higher actuation bandwidth. Details of the preparation of these devices and performance metrics are presented and comparisons to baseline materials are made.
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Su, Ji, Tian-Bing Xu, Shujun Zhang, Thomas R. Shrout i Qiming Zhang. "A Hybrid Actuation System (HYBAS) and Aerospace Applications". MRS Proceedings 888 (2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-0888-v01-09.
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ABSTRACTAn electroactive polymer-ceramic hybrid actuation system (HYBAS) has been developed at NASA Langley Research Center. The system demonstrates significantly-enhanced electromechanical performance by cooperatively utilizing advantages of a combination of electromechanical responses of an electroative polymer (EAP), and an electroactive ceramic single crystal, PZN-PT single crystal. The electroactive elements are driven by a single power source. Recently, a modification of HYBAS has been made to increase the capability of air driving for synthetic jet devices (SJ) used in aerodynamic control technologies. The dependence of the air driving capability of the modified HYBAS on the configuration of the actuating device has been investigated. For this particular application, the modified HYBAS demonstrated a 50% increase in the volume change in the synthetic jet air chamber, as compared with that of the HYBAS without the modification. The theoretical modeling of the performances of the HYBAS is in good agreement with experimental observation. The consistence between the theoretical modeling and experimental test make the design concept an effective route for the development of high performance actuating devices for many applications. The theoretical modeling, fabrication of the HYBAS and the initial experimental results will be presented and discussed.
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Sierros, Konstantinos A., Nicholas J. Morris, J. Stuart Abell, Darran R. Cairns i Stephen N. Kukureka. "Mechanical Integrity of Hybrid Components used in Flexible Optoelectronic Devices". MRS Proceedings 1075 (2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-1075-j04-04.
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ABSTRACTFabrication of truly flexible optoelectronic devices, such as flexible displays and flexible photovoltaics, is highly dependent on the mechanical integrity of individual thin inorganic/organic hybrid device components. A common feature of almost all thin composite film components for flexible optoelectronic applications is indium tin oxide (ITO) coated on polyester.The mechanical mismatch of the ITO ceramic coating, a few tens of nm thick, with the polyester, either polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), 125 ìm thick, causes the flexible functional structure to fail at moderately low strains under various, externally applied, stress states. It is therefore important to assess the mechanical integrity of such hybrid systems experimentally. We report on the electromechanical behavior of such hybrid systems.
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Wu, Xin-Yu, Li-Guo Qin, Fen-Fen Xing, Li-Jun Tian, Jie-Hui Huang i Shang-Qing Gong. "Electrically controlled nonreciprocity in a hybrid opto-electromechanical system". Journal of Applied Physics 133, nr 20 (23.05.2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0150194.
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The nonreciprocity between two signal fields is regarded as a key function in future quantum networks and modern communication technologies. Here, we theoretically propose a scheme of nonreciprocal devices between signal fields in two different arbitrarily frequency domains in a hybrid cavity opto-electromechanical system. The model consists of a microwave cavity and an optical cavity, respectively, coupled with two different mechanical oscillators, which are coupled together by the tunable Coulomb interaction and driven by the external electrical fields. We study the nonreciprocal response between two different frequency fields. Nonreciprocal transmission is based on multichannel quantum interference to break time-reversal symmetry. The perfect nonreciprocity is shown in the certain conditions. By adjusting the Coulomb interaction, the phase differences, and strength of the electrically driven fields on the mechanical oscillators, we find that nonreciprocity can be modulated and even transformed into perfect nonreciprocity and reciprocity. These results provide a new insight into the design of nonreciprocal devices and present the potential applications in quantum information processing and quantum networks.
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Yang, Chunlai, Henian Li, Ye Tang, Hai Wang i Yimin Lu. "A hybrid vibration energy harvester with integrated piezoelectric and electrostatic devices". Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 5.06.2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35848/1347-4065/acdbaa.
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Abstract In recent years, energy harvesting technology has become a promising power supply method for low-power wireless sensor nodes. According to the application requirements of energy acquisition, a piezoelectric and electrostatic hybrid vibration energy harvester is proposed in this paper. Compared with other vibration energy harvesters, the proposed hybrid harvester is easier to miniaturize and integrate into a Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS). The electromechanical coupling model of the hybrid harvester is established. The optimal design of the proposed harvester is carried out based on numerical simulation. The optimal matching impedance of piezoelectric and electrostatic modules are calculated based on numerical simulation and validated through experiments, which are 80-90 kΩ and 15-20 MΩ, respectively. The output power of the hybrid vibration energy harvester is increased by 0.04%, 0.08%, 0.102%, and 0.097%, when the excitation acceleration is 0.1 g, 0.15 g, 0.2 g, and 0.25 g, respectively, compared with the single piezoelectric module.
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Ramirez-Laboreo, Edgar, Eduardo Moya-Lasheras i Carlos Sagues. "Design of a perfect-tracking soft-landing controller for electromagnetic switching devices". Nonlinear Dynamics, 9.09.2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11071-022-07853-1.
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AbstractElectromagnetic switching devices such as electromechanical relays and solenoid valves suffer from impacts and mechanical wear when they are activated using a constant-voltage policy. This paper presents a new control approach that aims at achieving soft landing in these devices, i.e., a movement without neither impacts nor bouncing. The hybrid nonlinear dynamics of the system is firstly described taking into account the limited range of motion that characterizes this class of devices. Then, the nonlinear expression of the control law is derived and a method to design a soft-landing reference trajectory is proposed. It is shown that, when certain conditions are met, the design methodology presented in the paper results in a controller that achieves perfect tracking of the reference trajectory and, hence, soft landing is accomplished. The theoretical analysis is validated by simulation using a dynamical model of a specific switching device.
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Quesada-Molina, J. P., i S. Mariani. "Hybrid Model-Based and Data-Driven Solution for Uncertainty Quantification at the Microscale". Micro and Nanosystems 14 (28.03.2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1876402914666220328123601.
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Background: Due to their size, Micro Electromechanical Systems (MEMS) display performance indices affected by uncertainties linked to the mechanical properties and to the geometry of the films constituting their movable parts. Objective: In this perspective, a recently proposed multiscale and hybrid solution for uncertainty quantification is discussed. Methods: The proposed method is based on the (deep) learning of the morphology-affected elasticity of the polycrystalline films, and of the microfabrication-induced defective geometry of the devices. The results at the material and at the device levels are linked through a reduced-order representation of the response of the entire device to the external stimuli, foressen to finally feed a Monte Carlo uncertainty quantification engine. Results: Preliminary results relevant to a single-axis resonant Lorentz force micro-magnetometer have shown a noteworthy capability of the proposed multiscale deep learning method to account for the mentioned uncertainty sources at the microscale. Conclusion: A promising two-scale deep learning approach has been proposed for polysilicon MEMS sensors to account for both materials- and geometry-governed uncertainties, and to properly describe the scale-dependent response of MEMS devices.
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Tariq, Muhammad Owais, Jameel Ahmed i Shafaat Ahmed Bazaz. "Analytical design and finite element analysis of a microgripper for characterizing a single microcapsule". Measurement Science and Technology, 23.09.2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ac9495.
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Abstract The typical technique of hardness test of pharmaceutical microcapsules is by using pressure transducer-based bulky devices by averaging mechanism. This not only produces non-precise results but also causes wastage of costly core material present in the microcapsules. To overcome these issues a miniaturized version of the device using a Micro Electromechanical System (MEMS) based microgripper has been proposed, which can mechanically characterize a single microcapsule of sizes ranging from 5µm to 20µm with a maximum rupture force of 13.33mN. The proposed microgripper consists of a hybrid chevron thermal actuator and integrated capacitive force sensor and has been designed using the standard SOIMUMPs process with a device size of 2.5×3.2mm2. The microgripper is efficiently modeled to produce a temperature gradient of about 350oC from the actuator to the jaws making it able to handle temperature-sensitive samples.
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Lu, Hongda, Qingtian Zhang, Xumin Huang, Tim Cole, Guolin Yun, Yuxin Zhang, Ruirui Qiao, Weihua Li i Shiyang Tang. "A reconfigurable and automatic platform for the on-demand production of stretchable conductive composites". Smart Materials and Structures, 7.03.2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/acc221.
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Abstract Stretchable conductive composites (SCCs) have been widely used as interconnects and sensors in stretchable electronic devices due to their tunable electromechanical properties and intrinsically high stretchability compared to solid metals. SCCs can be readily made by mixing (or breaking bulk) conductive fillers within an elastomeric polymer, which are subsequently cured. Despite the simplicity of this, most fabrication methods follow customized protocols and lack precise automatic control. These methods also require bulky and costly equipment (e.g. stirrers, mixers, ovens, and vacuuming machines). Also, variations in the production process make it challenging to maintain the consistency of SCC’s electrical and mechanical properties produced in different batches. To solve this problem, this work develops an automatic SCC production platform (ASPP) that can be programmed to produce SCCs with high consistency in properties. The versatility of ASPP is demonstrated by fabricating SCCs with single and hybrid fillers, and porous structures. The consistency of SCCs’ electromechanical properties is examined using samples fabricated in different batches following the same protocol. We further utilize the fabricated SCCs to realize various intelligent tactile sensing and heating platforms. The capability demonstrated for the ASPP shows its potential in fabricating SCCs for applications in soft robotics and wearable devices.
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Yun, Guolin, Tim Cole, Yuxin Zhang, Jiahao Zheng, Shuaishuai Sun, Yiming Ou-yang, Jian Shu i in. "Electro-mechano responsive elastomers with self-tunable conductivity and stiffness". Science Advances 9, nr 4 (25.01.2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adf1141.
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Materials with programmable conductivity and stiffness offer new design opportunities for next-generation engineered systems in soft robotics and electronic devices. However, existing approaches fail to harness variable electrical and mechanical properties synergistically and lack the ability to self-respond to environmental changes. We report an electro-mechano responsive Field’s metal hybrid elastomer exhibiting variable and tunable conductivity, strain sensitivity, and stiffness. By synergistically harnessing these properties, we demonstrate two applications with over an order of magnitude performance improvement compared to state-of-the-art, including a self-triggered multiaxis compliance compensator for robotic manipulators, and a resettable, highly compact, and fast current-limiting fuse with an adjustable fusing current. We envisage that the extraordinary electromechanical properties of our hybrid elastomer will bring substantial advancements in resilient robotic systems, intelligent instruments, and flexible electronics.
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Fang, Jiwen, Bo Fan, Chong Li i Mingming Lv. "A piezoelectric-electromagnetic hybrid energy harvester inspired by flapping motion of the Diptera insect". Smart Materials and Structures, 30.08.2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/acf53c.
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Abstract Low-frequency vibration is widespread in nature. Vibration energy harvesting is considered to be a reliable and sustainable method to achieve continuous power supply. It is a feasible method to design an energy harvesting system of the bio-inspired mechanical structure to improve the efficiency of energy harvesting. A hybrid energy harvester piezoelectric-electromagnetic that mimics the flapping wing motion of the Diptera insect. The biomimetic energy harvesting device consists of two piezoelectric cantilever beams structure with the mass block installed, which mimics the flapping movement mechanism of the Diptera insect. The intermediate part of this harvester inspired by the insect skeleton and muscle structure of the Diptera insect is composed of magnetic levitation coupled repulsion structure, which is easily affected by vibration and changes greatly, to realize electromagnetic energy harvesting. The 'click' mechanism of the Diptera insect is constructed by storing energy in springs to improve the performance of energy harvesting devices. The hybrid energy harvesting device realizes piezoelectric-electromagnetic energy harvesting with multiple energy outputs at one excitation input. A dynamic model of the proposed energy harvester is constructed based on the electromechanical coupling characteristics. The modal analysis and structure optimization of this device is realized by the finite element method (FEM). The FEM simulation and experimental results can verify that under the low-frequency excitation of 3HZ, the maximum output power of the designed harvester reaches 12.33 mW in the low-frequency environment.
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Zhao, C. L., Z. H. Wang, W. Zhu, O. K. Tan i H. H. Hng. "Sol-Gel Derived PZT Thick Films with Nano-Sized Microstructure". MRS Proceedings 748 (2002). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-748-u14.9.
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ABSTRACTLead zirconate titanate (PZT) films are promising for acoustic micro-devices applications because of their extremely high electromechanical coupling coefficients and excellent piezoelectric response. Thicker PZT films are crucial for these acoustic applications. A hybrid sol-gel technology has been developed as a new approach to realize simple and cost-effective fabrication of high quality PZT thick films. In this paper, PZT53/47 thick films with a thickness of 5–50 μm are successfully deposited on Pt-coated silicon wafer by using the hybrid sol-gel technology. The obtained PZT thick films are dense, crack-free, and have a nano-sized microstructure. The processing parameters of this technology have been evaluated. The microstructure of the film has been observed using field-emission scanning electron microscopy and the crystallization process has been monitored by the X-ray diffraction. The thick films thus made are good candidates for fabrication of piezoelectric diaphragm which will be an essential element of microspeaker and microphone arrays.
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Laschowski, Brock, John McPhee i Jan Andrysek. "Lower-Limb Prostheses and Exoskeletons With Energy Regeneration: Mechatronic Design and Optimization Review". Journal of Mechanisms and Robotics 11, nr 4 (17.05.2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4043460.
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Lower-limb biomechatronic devices (i.e., prostheses and exoskeletons) depend upon onboard batteries to power wearable sensors, actuators, and microprocessors, therein inherently limiting their operating durations. Regenerative braking, also termed electrical energy regeneration, represents a promising solution to the aforementioned shortcomings. Regenerative braking converts the otherwise dissipated mechanical energy during locomotion into electrical energy for recharging the onboard batteries, while simultaneously providing negative mechanical work for controlled system deceleration. This paper reviewed the electromechanical design and optimization of lower-limb biomechatronic devices with electrical energy regeneration. The technical review starts by examining human walking biomechanics (i.e., mechanical work, power, and torque about the hip, knee, and ankle joints) and proposes general design principles for regenerative braking prostheses and exoskeletons. Analogous to electric and hybrid electric vehicle powertrains, there are numerous mechatronic design components that could be optimized to maximize electrical energy regeneration, including the mechanical power transmission, electromagnetic machine, electrical drive, device mass and moment of inertia, and energy storage devices. Design optimization of these system components is individually discussed while referencing the latest advancements in robotics and automotive engineering. The technical review demonstrated that existing systems (1) are limited to level-ground walking applications and (2) have maximum energy regeneration efficiencies between 30% and 37%. Accordingly, potential future directions for research and innovation include (1) regenerative braking during dynamic movements like sitting down and slope and staircase descent and (2) utilizing high-torque-density electromagnetic machines and low-impedance mechanical power transmissions to maximize energy regeneration efficiencies.
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Rotib, Hamdi W., Muhammad B. Nappu, Zulkifli Tahir, Ardiaty Arief i Muhammad Y. A. Shiddiq. "Electric Load Forecasting for Internet of Things Smart Home Using Hybrid PCA and ARIMA Algorithm". International Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering & Telecommunications, 2021, 425–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijeetc.10.6.425-430.
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Many types of research have been conducted for the development of Internet of Things (IoT) devices and energy consumption forecasting. In this research, the electric load forecasting is designed with the development of microcontrollers, sensors, and actuators, added with cameras, Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) touch screen, and minicomputers, to improve the IoT smart home system. Using the Python program, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) algorithms are integrated into the website interface for electric load forecasting. As provisions for forecasting, a monthly dataset is needed which consists of electric current variables, number of individuals living in the house, room light intensity, weather conditions in terms of temperature, humidity, and wind speed. The main hardware parts are ESP32, ACS712, electromechanical relay, Raspberry Pi, RPi Camera, infrared Light Emitting Diode (LED), Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) sensor, and LCD touch screen. While the main software applications are Arduino Interactive Development Environment (IDE), Visual Studio Code, and Raspberry Pi OS, added with many libraries for Python 3 IDE. The experimental results provided the fact that PCA and ARIMA can predict short-term household electric load accurately. Furthermore, by using Amazon Web Services (AWS) cloud computing server, the IoT smart home system has excellent data package performances.