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van, Eeden Lily Mahailah. "Learning to live with dingoes: improving wildlife management by understanding social constraints on coexistence with carnivores". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21918.
Pełny tekst źródłaUsman, Muhammad Faizan. "Confronting complex challenges of human-wildlife coexistence in the Kavango-Zambezi transfrontier conservation area". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024AGPT0005.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe thesis investigates the dynamics of human-wildlife interactions, focusing on the relationship between the Tonga indigenous people and wildlife in the Binga district of Zimbabwe. The research aims to develop and implement integrated conservation and development strategies that promote effective human-wildlife coexistence. Communities that live close to wildlife habitats often have to deal with the negative effects of wildlife such as crop raiding and livestock predation on a routine basis, which leads to a confrontation between local livelihoods and the conservation of wildlife. This thesis uses the Wildlife Tolerance Model (WTM) to explore human-wildlife interactions, examining factors that influence community tolerance towards wildlife and the determinants of these interactions based on tangible and intangible costs and benefits.The work is divided into three main parts. The first part explores the application of the WTM in the context of the Tonga people residing within the Zimbabwean part of the Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area. It also identifies the major conflict-causing wildlife species and examines how tangible and intangible costs and benefits influence the tolerance of the local Tonga indigenous people toward these species. The second part presents a case study on human-elephant interactions within the project area. It assesses how proximity to conflict-prone environmental and manmade features such as forests, protected areas, and water points influence human-elephant interactions and community perceptions towards elephants. The third part evaluates the impacts of some of the Sustainable Wildlife Management (SWM) Programme interventions using the Before-After-Control-Impact approach integrated with the WTM. It also provides a state-of-the-art framework for impact evaluation of conservation projects, highlighting the changes in community perceptions and tolerance toward wildlife post-intervention.Key findings reveal that while tangible costs such as livestock predation and crop raiding are significant, intangible factors like community perceptions and attitudes towards wildlife play a more crucial role in shaping human-wildlife interactions. Moreover, we highlight how well-planned interventions that keep the community at the center can yield significantly positive results and promote human-wildlife coexistence. The research shows how these interventions led to an increase in positive emotions toward wildlife, perceived intangible benefits from wildlife, and subsequently wildlife tolerance. Despite facing challenges due to complex and culturally influenced human-wildlife interactions, the overall positive outcomes validate the effectiveness of these interventions.The thesis contributes to the field by providing a comprehensive understanding of the complexities involved in human-wildlife coexistence and offering evidence-based recommendations for conservation strategies that can be tailored to specific socio-ecological contexts. This research highlights the importance of integrating conservation psychology and community-based approaches to address the challenges of human-wildlife conflicts, advocating for a multidimensional approach that considers both the ecological and social dimensions of wildlife management.Lastly, the findings from this research are expected to inform policy and practice in wildlife management, particularly in regions where human livelihoods are closely tied to natural ecosystems. The thesis not only advances our understanding of human-wildlife relations but also proposes a framework for sustainable coexistence that can be applied in similar conservation scenarios globally
Castaldo-Walsh, Cynthia. "Human-Wildlife Conflict and Coexistence in a More-than-Human World: A Multiple Case Study Exploring the Human-Elephant-Conservation Nexus in Namibia and Sri Lanka". Diss., NSUWorks, 2019. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd/134.
Pełny tekst źródłaBoast, Lorraine Kara. "Exploring the causes of and mitigation options for human-predator conflict on game ranches in Botswana: How is coexistence possible?" Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12722.
Pełny tekst źródłaLarge carnivores in southern Africa are threatened by habitat loss and persecution by humans. Game ranches have the potential to provide habitat for free-ranging predators, but carnivore depredation on game-stock can result in human-predator conflict, and the industry's role in predator conservation has been described as a gap in knowledge. The density of predators on Botswana commercial farmland was calculated using spoor and camera-trap surveys. Scat-analysis was used to determine the proportion of livestock and game-stock in the cheetah's diet, the species reported to cause the biggest economic losses on Botswana game ranches. Questionnaires to determine the direct costs, drivers and potential mitigation methods of human-predator conflict, were conducted with a representative from 86.2% of registered game ranches in Botswana, plus an additional 27 livestock farmers. The effectiveness of translocating 'problem' predators was analysed using questionnaires with farmers and survival data from 11 GPS-collared 'problem' cheetahs.
Cotterill, Alayne. "Behavioural adjustments of lion (Panthera leo) in response to risk of human-caused mortality". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:168dba11-be33-4d09-9c68-8c204c126098.
Pełny tekst źródłaSoares, Nuno Miguel Negrões. "Human - wildlife coexistence in the Amazon agricultural frontier". Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/965.
Pełny tekst źródłaNos últimos anos, a conservação da biodiversidade tem-se revelado como um dos maiores desafios que a humanidade enfrenta, no sentido de salvaguardar o frágil equilíbrio dos ecossistemas no nosso planeta. A procura de medidas de preservação revela-se essencial em zonas de elevada riqueza natural, como são o caso das florestas tropicais da Amazónia, que vêm, sistematicamente, a sofrer um aumento da pressão humana, quer pela expansão da agricultura e pecuária, quer pela crescente exploração dos seus recursos naturais. Neste cenário, as áreas protegidas surgem como um instrumento fundamental para preservação da biodiversidade face à crescente antropização. Aos grandes predadores é reconhecida a importância na manutenção dos ecossistemas pelo papel-chave que ocupam nas cadeias tróficas. O impacto a larga escala, consequente da extinção/redução de grandes carnívoros, acaba por afectar aspectos locais (diversidade) ou mesmo regionais (ciclo da água). Por este motivo, o estudo das relações entre os grandes carnívoros e o homem torna-se relevante na definição de políticas de gestão, contribuindo ainda para a avaliação da eficácia de medidas de conservação, como a funcionalidade de áreas protegidas. Com este estudo pretendeu-se avaliar o estado das populações de dois grandes felinos – jaguar (Panthera onca) e puma (Puma concolor) – numa área protegida (Parque Estadual do Cantão - PEC) e numa área privada (Fazenda Santa Fé - FSF), com o objectivo de aferir a eficácia das reservas naturais, na região do “arco do desmatamento”. As densidades de jaguar e puma foram calculadas ao longo de 3 anos nas estações da chuva e seca. Este estudo contribuiu ainda para um aumento do conhecimento sobre a riqueza de espécies nesta região, nomeadamente dentro do PEC e da FSF. Concluímos que a existência do PEC per se não garante a preservação da biodiversidade, uma vez que está fortemente dependente das áreas florestais adjacentes para conservar a riqueza faunística. Simultaneamente, observamos que os grandes carnívoros, quer pelas características biológicas quer pelo conflito directo com o Homem (resultado de predação sobre o gado), podem ser utilizados como espécies-foco. Observamos ainda que a monitorização das populações destes carnívoros fornece informação indispensável para a avaliação do impacto das actividades humanas e para definir acções de gestão para esta região. A preservação da biodiversidade no “arco do desmatamento” passa pela implementação de planos de conservação concretos que incidam, nomeadamente, no aumento da fiscalização da lei ambiental e no aumento da sensibilização das populações locais (crescente apoio técnico-educativo), no sentido de fomentar o desenvolvimento sustentável.
Biodiversity preservation emerged in the last couple of years has one of the main worldwide problems and a great challenge for next generation to come, in order to secure quality of live on planet earth. This fact is of particular importance in the Amazon, a region of high biodiversity that suffers an increase human pressure due to expanding agricultural frontier and exploitation of natural resources. In this region protected areas stand as an essential tool to allow coexistence between man and wildlife. Large predators are key elements in ecosystem functioning because of their important role in food chains. The impact of large-scale extinctions/reduction of large carnivores can reach local (diversity of wildlife) and regional (water cycle) effects. Consequently relationship between man and large carnivores is an important issue on management, furthermore helping in the evaluation of conservation measures like protected areas. In this research we focus on determining the status of large cats (jaguar and puma) population inside a protected area (Cantão State Park, CS - Park) and private forest reserve (Santa Fé Ranch, SF - Ranch) in order to evaluate protected area efficiency in the high human impacted region “arc of deforestation”. Using camera-trapping methodology we determine jaguar and puma density in the region throughout three years and different seasons. We also estimate terrestrial vertebrate richness in CS-Park and SF-Ranch. We observed that CS-Park per se could not guarantee biodiversity preservation at local level and is strongly depended on the securing neighbouring private forest reserves to maintain fauna diversity. We demonstrate also that large carnivores can be used as focal species in management approach in this area. Due to their specific biological demands and the direct interaction with man (consequence of cattle depredation) monitoring carnivore population status creates knowledge baseline from were we can evaluate human impact and launch specific conservation actions in the region. To achieve ultimate preservation goals we suggest intensification on environmental law enforcement and raise technical and educational support to local population towards a more sustainable development.
Holzer, Katie Ann. "Amphibian-Human Coexistence in Urban Areas". Thesis, University of California, Davis, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3646306.
Pełny tekst źródłaPristine landscapes are decreasing throughout the world, and many of Earth's species can no longer survive exclusively in the remaining small and isolated reserves. At the same time, urban landscapes are increasing, and can serve as potential habitat for many wildlife species. Amphibians are facing striking global declines and are particularly impacted by urban development as they often reside in areas attractive for human settlements such as flat, productive lowland areas with abundant fresh water. My dissertation aims to increase understanding of amphibian use of these landscapes and how management and planning can adapt to benefit their persistence. I conducted observational studies of amphibians and associated habitat features in two very difference landscapes and constructed experimental ponds to examine relationships between a native frog, a common pollutant, and common urban wetland plants. One observational study was in Portland, Oregon where formerly abundant wetlands have been destroyed and altered while many have also been restored or created. The other was throughout the relatively understudied urban and agricultural centers of Vietnam where biodiversity and human population growth are high. In both Portland and Vietnam I found that most regionally occurring native amphibians were breeding within city landscapes and in human-constructed water bodies. A common pollutant, nitrate, was strongly negatively associated with amphibians in Portland. In a mesocosm experiment I found that correlated contaminants are likely driving the pattern. In both Portland and Vietnam, presence of aquatic vegetation and amount of surrounding upland habitat were highly influential for native amphibians. Aquatic vegetation can take many forms, and in urban areas is often dominated by introduced species. I conducted experimental ponds studies to examine the relationship between a native frog and common native and introduced aquatic plant species. I found that the frog preferred and performed better in introduced reed canary grass than any other plants offered. This demonstrates that introduced plants are not universally detrimental to native wildlife species, and that management of these plants should consider the potential negative effects of control actions, especially in urban areas where restoration to a former pristine state is unlikely. Urban areas do not have to be devoid of diverse native amphibian communities, and instead should be viewed as potential habitat for conservation and environmental education. Amphibian use of human-constructed ponds, potted ornamental plants, and introduced reed canary grass demonstrates the adaptability of many species and the need for an integrated view of conservation that includes non-pristine areas. Using the information from this dissertation, city planners and managers can maintain and improve human-dominated landscapes to benefit native amphibians and promote their continued coexistence with humans in these areas.
Gastineau, Adrienne. "Patrons spatiaux et processus écologiques de déprédation par les grands carnivores : le cas de l’ours brun et des troupeaux domestiques en Europe de l’Ouest". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS111.
Pełny tekst źródłaConflicts between humans and wildlife pose a threat to endangered species, which threatens their conservation worldwide. In particular, preserving large carnivores challenges the coexistence with humans. In Europe, the overlap between human activities and natural habitats is mandatory. This overlap leads sometimes to negative interactions with large carnivores. Predation on domestic herds, or depredation, is one of the main factors limiting their acceptance. Depredation is a widespread global conflict and seems particularly intense in recolonization areas. In order to reduce damage to herds, it is necessary to understand how depredation varies over space and time. The conservation of the brown bear (Ursus arctos) in the Pyrenees and the Italian Alps, populations reinforced by the translocation of Slovenian individuals, offer relevant case studies to illustrate this issue. In this thesis, I first focused on the spatial aggregation of depredation events in the French Central Pyrenees using a Getis-Ord test of spatial dependence. This analysis revealed the presence of significant brown bear depredation hotspots and the absence of cold areas. Depredation hotspots are self-correlated over time, which means that a hot spot in one year is likely to exist in subsequent years. At a finer scale, this analysis allowed the identification of inter- and intra-pasture hotspots and a simple method to rescale these results at a larger scale is proposed. Depredation has been identified as being concentrated in hotspots and linked to certain environmental characteristics ("site effect"). The objective was to identify the main landscape factors where domestic herds were most vulnerable to brown bears. The transferability of the results developed in a specific local context was assessed by comparing the Pyrenean and Alpine populations. In both populations, we analyzed brown bear activity, terrain, human infrastructure and habitat variables for the period 2010 - 2017. The results indicated that brown bear activity, grassland proportion, distance from the forest and terrain roughness are strongly associated with the risk of depredation, in similar ways in both study areas. Beyond the effects of the environment, the individual behavior of predators are likely to influence the visible patterns of depredation. The choices made by bears during their movements generate specific habitat use and selection of food items that can contribute to the creation of depredation hotspots. Thus, the characteristics of individuals' movements may be motivated by different activities such as searching for food or a breeding partner. Finally, avoiding and reducing damage from large carnivores can help to improve their conservation status by improving their tolerance by humans. A global overview of human-carnivore conflict situations has been developed to assess the effectiveness of three categories of conflict responses (non-lethal, translocations and lethal). The conclusions of this analysis are as follows: (1) conflict with carnivores is widespread and the main problems are space sharing, predation on livestock and attacks on humans; (2) non-lethal techniques have been assessed as the most effective in reducing conflicts while preserving carnivore populations; (3) conflict management documentation is often imprecise and difficult to compare between studies or situations. The proactive use of non-lethal techniques is therefore recommended to promote coexistence between humans and large carnivores. The tools developed make it possible to mitigate the impacts of conflicts and thus reinforce positive attitudes towards large carnivorous species
Grelock-Yusem, Susan Michelle. "Wolf Lost & Found| Reframing Human-Wildlife Coexistence with the Arts". Thesis, Pacifica Graduate Institute, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13806376.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis qualitative research was motivated by the desire to understand how conservation work can engage our psychic connection to the more-than-human. The work used grounded theory and phenomenological methodologies; data was gathered with interviews and arts-based inquiry and analyzed through the lenses of depth psychologically oriented ecopsychology and community psychology. Participants included artists, storytellers, and biologists who have created work about wolves and live in the southern portion of the Yellowstone to Yukon corridor in North America. The research specifically explored what calls artists to create work about wolves, and how their work expresses a sense of interconnection with wolves. The findings suggested that when an artist has a strong sensitivity to the more-than-human, their art-making gives them a channel to express this and supports the development of their individual identity. Additionally, four key themes arose in the dialogues with the artists: embracing a sense of community, providing context, connecting with place, and playing with the Western cultural boundary between humans and other animals. Conservation projects could benefit from these findings by consciously embracing these same ideas in their work using what this research defines as Critical Conservation Communication.” While it is impossible to prove that art directly contributes to conservation goals, this work proposes that art can remind us of our connection to other animals and the life beyond human-constructed reality. This imaginal reconstruction of an ecological orientation can be an ally to conservation goals in Western culture.
Gibrand, Sara. "Human-Lion Territory : Negotiating Territorial Borders". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Arkitekthögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-148587.
Pełny tekst źródłaOmondi, Paul. "Wildlife-human conflict in Kenya : integrating wildlife conservation with human needs in the Masai Mara Region". Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28878.
Pełny tekst źródłaFindings indicate that common conflicts are livestock depredation and crop damage, human deaths or injuries, transmission of diseases, and competition for resources. Land surrounding the reserve can be divided into two distinct topographic and agroclimatic regions. The degree of conflict is spatially varied within the region. Upland ranches have high land use potential, high human and livestock population densities, and more development of agriculture. They experience limited conflict with wildlife. Lowland ranches are more arid, have lower human population density and little agriculture, but have high wildlife and livestock population densities and experience a high degree of conflict. These conflicts vary seasonally, and with distance from the protected area.
Perceptions of wildlife and attitudes towards conservation are related to past experience with wildlife. The degree of loss, effectiveness of damage control, fairness of government compensation, and involvement in wildlife tourism affect the degree of tolerance for wildlife conflict. Various socio-economic factors including level of education, knowledge of conservation priorities, and system of land ownership are related to attitudes towards wildlife. As human activity increases in the region, wildlife is more likely to be displaced. Because most animals are migratory, conflict in the land surrounding the reserve puts the viability of animal population in the protected area in question.
A two-phase program for integrating wildlife conservation with human needs is proposed. The first phase involves designation of the region into four zones: Zone A--the protected area, Zone B--the peripheral area, Zone C--multiple use, and Zone D--agriculture. The second phase of the program is the integration of the wildlife conservation with human interests through: community wildlife-damage-control, compensation for loss, sharing of tourism benefits with local people, conservation education, and local participation in wildlife conservation policy. The program provides a framework within which operational decisions can be made, and serves broader natural resource management and community development objectives in the rangelands.
Fort, Jessica Fort. "Large Carnivore Occupancy and Human-Wildlife Conflict in Panama". OpenSIUC, 2016. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1889.
Pełny tekst źródłaCrespín, Silvio J. "Completing the land-sharing strategy: reaching human-wildlife coexistence through alternative resource management". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/168714.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe land-sharing strategy implies co-occurrence of human beings and wildlife, which frequently results in loss of life or injury to people, damage to crops and predation of livestock. Consequently, wildlife is persecuted in retaliation. The existence of contrasting interests such as food security through livestock production on the one hand, and the need to protect threatened species on the other, lay the foundations for human-wildlife conflict. After a decade of the introduction of "land-sharing" there is no formal analysis on the role of conflicts in the success of this strategy. This suggests that a review of the state of the art is necessary to identify gaps in the nature of human-wildlife conflicts in the framework of the strategy. To manage these conflicts, we must understand the underlying ecological basis of the predator's response to the choice of crops or livestock instead of their natural prey. The most frequent biological interaction that prevents coexistence is the predation livestock by carnivores and a factor that could explain it is the availability of natural prey. Predators choose the most profitable prey in relation to the cost and energy benefit incurred in the search and handling of prey. Therefore, if natural prey is scarce in relation to livestock, then livestock should be more profitable. Within this framework, I first determined that coexistence between humans and wildlife has not been considered a requirement for the viability of land-sharing/sparing approaches. Second, I determined under what conditions the availability of natural prey decreases livestock predation, the underlying biological impediment of human-carnivore coexistence, by using data from the literature around the globe. I found that wild prey availability increases livestock predation rate, but open vegetation is a more important predictor. Third, I empirically tested availability of wild prey as an explanatory factor of livestock predation through field observations by comparing rates of ovine predation by foxes on fields with varying wild and domestic prey availability. I found that higher occurrences of hare decrease ovine kill rate. Finally, I discuss framing food production landscapes in a social-ecological systems context and suggest viewing manageable variables of conflict resolution as system parameters that define states of coexistence to aid in swifter conflict resolution planning.
Este trabajo fue apoyado por la "Comisión Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología" (número de beca CONICYT 63130184) y por el "Programa de Apoyo a la Investigación" de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad de Chile (PAI-FAC) otorgado a Javier A. Simonetti en el Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas. El apoyo logístico fue otorgado por la Asociación Kauyeken y la Estancia Anita Beatriz.
Zimmermann, Alexandra. "Jaguars and people : a range-wide review of human-wildlife conflict". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a5287544-710d-461e-8f65-da2c7590188c.
Pełny tekst źródłaGilleland, Amanda H. "Human-Wildlife Conflict Across Urbanization Gradients: Spatial, Social, and Ecological Factors". Scholar Commons, 2010. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3489.
Pełny tekst źródłaWoolaston, Katie M. "Legal Responses to Human-Wildlife Conflict: Individual Autonomy vs Ecological Vulnerability". Thesis, Griffith University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/392407.
Pełny tekst źródłaThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Law School
Arts, Education and Law
Full Text
Latteman, Holly M. "Black Vulture (Coragyps atratus) Range Expansion: An Example of Human Wildlife Conflict". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1556813177983405.
Pełny tekst źródłaHartel, Colleen M. "The Role of Wildlife Value Orientations in Framing Interactions with Wildlife Near the Home: A Mixed-methods Analysis of Self-reported Problems with Wildlife". The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1525541681974028.
Pełny tekst źródłaAcharya, Krishna Prasad [Verfasser], i Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Köhl. "Conservation conflict in Nepal : An examination of the pattern and ecological dimension of human-wildlife conflict and wildlife conservation / Krishna Prasad Acharya ; Betreuer: Michael Köhl". Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1169358446/34.
Pełny tekst źródłaHemson, Graham A. "The ecology of conservation of lions : human wildlife conflict in semi-arid Botswana". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404163.
Pełny tekst źródłaAvomo, Ndong Sandy Steven. "Human-wildlife Conflict and Ecotourism : Comparing Pongara and Ivindo National Parks in Gabon". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/23139.
Pełny tekst źródłaHjert, Carl-Johan. "People vs. Wildlife : Buffer zones to integrate wildlife conservation and development?" Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-728.
Pełny tekst źródłaTanzania is famous for it’s beautiful nature and rich wildlife. Proud of it’s natural heritage, Tanzania has dedicated over 20% of it’s territory as protected areas to shield the wildlife from human interference. But the wildlife is regarded as a menace by the local communities that lives close to the impressive national parks. At the same time, the increasing human population threatens the survival of the large migratory species in the parks by blocking vital dispersal areas.
This essay describes the human/wildlife conflict around Tarangire National Park and focuses on communities close to park borders. The intention is to examine if a buffer zone could solve the conflict in this area. By studying the political ecology of wildlife conservation in Tanzania, from local to global scale and through a historical perspective, it is concluded that the poor state-society relation as experienced in local communities is a crucial factor for the diminishing wildlife.
Musyoki, Mutua Charles. "Human-wildlife conflict in Kenya : crop raiding by elephants and other wildlife in Mahiga 'B' village of Nyeri district". 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/137063.
Pełny tekst źródła0048
新制・課程博士
博士(地域研究)
甲第13195号
地博第45号
新制||地||15(附属図書館)
UT51-2007-H468
京都大学大学院アジア・アフリカ地域研究研究科アフリカ地域研究専攻
(主査)教授 太田 至, 助教授 重田 眞義, 助教授 山越 言, 助教授 西崎 伸子
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Hiser, Karen Louise. "Crop raiding and conflict : farmers' perceptions of human-wildlife interactions in Hoima district, Uganda". Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2012. https://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/items/428ab6a2-fad5-4301-8bb5-0320a0506d82/1/.
Pełny tekst źródłaLaver, Peter Norman. "The foraging ecology of banded mongooses (Mungos mungo): Epidemiological and human-wildlife conflict implications". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50973.
Pełny tekst źródłaResearchers have no baseline data on the behavioral ecology of this population of banded mongooses - such as home range dynamics, denning ecology, movement ecology, and foraging ecology, all of which may play a role in banded mongoose exposure to M. mungi. Further, researchers have highlighted the potential role of prolonged elevations of glucocorticoids in impairing cell-mediated immunity, which would play a significant role in determining susceptibility to a mycobacterium such as M. mungi, however, researchers have no data on the endocrinology of banded mongooses. Finally, researchers have not detected M. mungi infection in any other population of banded mongooses. Our study population has a gradient of troops (social groups) that vary from troops with extremely close association with humans in a town, to troops associated with humans at tourist lodges within the Chobe National Park, to troops with no discernible association with humans within the national park and surrounding forest reserve. Researchers have few data on how synanthropy (living with humans) affects banded mongoose behavioral ecology and no data on how synanthropy affects banded mongoose endocrinology. Researchers do not know whether or how the high level of synanthropy in this population of banded mongooses plays a role in the epidemiology of M. mungi outbreaks.
Thus, we document here some aspects of banded mongoose home range dynamics, movement metrics, denning ecology and foraging behavior for our study population in northeastern Botswana. We present a novel method for screening data from global positioning system (GPS) collars for large measurement error and we present a detailed home range study. We also document the spatio-temporal dynamics of glucocorticoid production among several banded mongoose study troops across our study site, using a non-invasive assay for fecal glucocorticoid metabolites, which we validated and also present here. We tested to see which factors, including nutritional limitation, predation risk, and reproduction (and associated competition, agonistic encounters, and predation), best explained the variation in glucocorticoid production among our study troops over several years.
We found that the metrics traditionally used to screen data from GPS collars, horizontal dilution of precision (HDOP) or fix dimension (2-D or 3-D), performed poorly relative to a new screening metric that we propose, the estimated elevation error (EEE). We propose that researchers use our screening method, which combines test data and a model-averaging information-theoretic framework that uses a priori candidate models of telemetry measurement error. Although we recommend including EEE in a priori candidate models, it may not describe telemetry error in other systems as well as it did in our own.
Banded mongooses in our study population formed troops of a median of 13 adults (IQR: 11 to 21 adults) and these troops used home ranges of a median of 68 ha (IQR: 39 to 134 ha) with core areas of a median of 15 ha (IQR: 9 to 28 ha). These cores (statistically-clumped space use) occurred at a median volume contour of 66 % (IQR: 58 to 71 %). Synanthropic troops showed more clumped area use than apoanthropic troops (those living away from humans). Synanthropic troops also used man-made structures for den sites in SI{81}{percent} of nights, fed from refuse sites in 13 % of foraging observations, and drank from anthropogenic water sources in 78 % of drinking observations.
From our conducted adrenocorticotropic hormone challenge, we detected valid increases in fecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations in mongoose feces using our four tested enzyme-immunoassays. An 11-oxoetiocholanolone assay detecting 11,17-dioxoandrostanes (11,17-DOA) performed best. Using this assay, we detected expected decreases in fecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations 48 h after administering dexamethasone sodium phosphate. We also validated this assay using biological events as challenges, in which captive mongooses showed higher fecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations during reproductive activity, agonistic encounters, and depredation events. The time delay of fecal glucocorticoid metabolite excretion approximately corresponded with food transit time, at a minimum of approximately 24 h. Fecal glucocorticoid metabolite metabolism was minimal up to 8 h post-defecation.
Reproduction and its associated challenges dramatically increased glucocorticoid production, which otherwise remained low and stable in a captive troop with a constant food supply and lowered predation risk. Variation in glucocorticoid production in free-ranging banded mongooses was best explained by food limitation as described by current nutritional limitation (proportion of fecal organic matter), recent rainfall (which increases soil macrofauna availability), and access to concentrated anthropogenic food resources. Habitat differences in soil macrofauna density and reproductive events also explained variation in glucocorticoid production in free-ranging mongooses, but to a much lower degree. Predation risk, as measured by canopy cover (escape from aerial predators) and group size (decreased per capita vigilance) explained very little of the variation in glucocorticoid production. In the late dry season, banded mongooses in our population may face a ``perfect storm\'\' of nutritional limitation, agonistic encounters at concentrated food resources, aggressive evictions, estrus, competition for mates, parturition, and predation pressure on pups. We suspect that this prefect storm may push glucocorticoid responses into homeostatic overload and may impair cell-mediated immunity in banded mongooses.
Ph. D.
Goodyear, Sarah Elizabeth. "Habituation to Auditory Stimuli by Captive African Elephants (Loxodonta Africana)". TopSCHOLAR®, 2015. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1481.
Pełny tekst źródłaEgan, Conor Christopher. "Evaluating the Potential Utility of Drones to Deter Birds from Areas of Human-Wildlife Conflict". Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29171.
Pełny tekst źródłaNorth Dakota State University. Environmental and Conservation Sciences program
North Dakota State University. Department of Biological Sciences
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS)
Wildlife Services (WS)
National Wildlife Research Center (#7438-0020-CA; QA-2731)
Federal Aviation Administration (via Interagency Agreement DTFACT-14-X-400007)
Lindsey, Kieran J. "Privatization and regulatory oversight of commercial wildlife control activities in the United States". [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1638.
Pełny tekst źródłaWelden, Robert Foster. "Framing Human-Wildlife Conflict in the Intermountain West| Content Analysis of Daily Newspapers to Diverse Audiences". Thesis, Colorado State University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10635671.
Pełny tekst źródłaConnection to and appreciate for the natural world are directly linked to positive experiences participating in outdoor nature-based activities. These direct experiences have been declining over the past decade, causing concerns about the perceptions of nature by populations that don’t participate in nature-based activities. This study examines framing of media coverage about human-wildlife conflicts and its implications for perception building by those audiences with less experience in the natural world. Data were collected via daily newspapers across the Intermountain West from 2010 to 2015. Results demonstrated that there were significant differences between newspapers serving larger, more urban communities and smaller, more rural communities. Findings indicate that urban audiences are exposed to messages that discourage participation in the natural world. Messages regarding human-wildlife conflict in newspapers serving larger, more urban communities should be reframed to avoid negative perceptions of nature and to motivate connection to the natural world.
Blair, Alec. "Human-wildlife conflict in Laikipia North, Kenya: comparing official reports with the experiences of Maasai pastoralists". Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32371.
Pełny tekst źródłaL'appui des communautés locales est considéré comme essentiel pour le succès des projets de conservation de faune, en particulier dans des régions en voie de développements tels que le Kenya. Le conflit humain-faune a un coût important pour les personnes vivant parmi la faune, et il est une menace de la conservation. Cette recherche s'est concentrée sur le conflit éprouvé par les pastoralists de Maasai Laikipia, au Kenya, une région d'haute valeur à la conservation et l'emplacement de beaucoup d'initiatives communautaire de conservation. Cette étude conclue que les niveaux du conflit éprouvés par ces communautés étaient beaucoup plus élevés que suggérés par les rapports officiels du Kenya Wildlife Service. La déprédation de bétail, principalement par des hyènes, est identifiée comme particulièrement sous représenté. Ces inexactitudes peuvent mener aux complications dans la planification de projet de conservation. Elles devraient être adressées afin de s'assurer que les avantages de la conservation sont supérieurs aux coûts du conflit, et satisfont les espérances des personnes locales.
Lewis, Ashley Lauren. "Human-wildlife conflict and mobile phone use among Maasai pastoralists near Tarangire National Park, northern Tanzania". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73792.
Pełny tekst źródłaMaster of Science
Wallace, Graham Edward. "Monkeys in maize : Primate crop-raiding behaviour and developing on-farm techniques to mitigate human-wildlife conflict". Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.532035.
Pełny tekst źródłaHansen, Oliver Kai. "Can cormorants be used as indicators of local fish abundances? : A diet study of cormorants on Gotland". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447637.
Pełny tekst źródłaHarris, Hannah B. "THE RETURN OF THE BLACK BEAR TO EASTERN KENTUCKY: CONFLICT AND TOLERANCE BETWEEN PEOPLE AND WILDLIFE". UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/830.
Pełny tekst źródłaKlein, Rebecca Ann. "An assessment of human carnivore conflict in the Kalahari region of Botswana". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013132.
Pełny tekst źródłaBhattarai, Babu. "Conflict and conservation : sharing the costs and benefits of tiger (Panthera tigris) conservation in communities adjacent to tiger reserves in Nepal". Thesis, Federation University Australia, 2020. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/174057.
Pełny tekst źródłaDoctor of Philosophy
Signor, Kari D. "Investigating Methods to Reduce Black Bear (Ursus americanus) Visitation to Anthropogenic Food Sources: Conditioned Taste Aversion and Food Removal". DigitalCommons@USU, 2009. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/547.
Pełny tekst źródłaFaulkner, Sally. "Integrating GIS approaches with geographic profiling as a novel conservation tool". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2018. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/46763.
Pełny tekst źródłaOsorio, Popiolek Christian Thomaz. "Wild carnivore habitat use and community ecology in a biodiversity hotspot and human-wildlife conflict with pumas and dogs across Chile". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103440.
Pełny tekst źródłaDoctor of Philosophy
Landscape transformation and human-wildlife conflict (HWC), which often result in retaliatory killing of wildlife in response to livestock predation, is one of the main global threats to wild cats, including pumas (Puma concolor). Medium-sized carnivores (mesocarnivores or mesopredators) are more abundant than large carnivores, live closer to human settlements and, like large predators, impact ecosystem structure and function significantly. Understanding habitat use of these carnivores is key to their conservation and management and to biodiversity preservation. Thus, there is need to investigate the ecological roles of carnivores (including invasive ones like free-ranging dogs and cats) to determine how interactions with other carnivore species and with the physical environment influence ecological roles of such species. This is especially important in my study area, which was severely burned by a catastrophic mega-wildfire in 2017, and for which there is scant information on wildlife responses to the mega-fire. I determined the distribution and causes of HWC across 52 provinces for 8 years in Chile and found that free-ranging dogs accounted for higher livestock depredation than pumas, killing substantially more livestock. Occurrence of HWC for both dogs and pumas increased with the sheep density of the province. Unexpectedly, dog HWC increased in less degraded habitats, indicating that dogs may travel far to prey on livestock in remote areas. The emergence of puma HWC in a site where it did not occur in the previous year increased with human-caused disturbance. Countrywide, dog HWC was higher than pumas in 43 out of the 49 provinces where both pumas and dogs occurred. I discuss livestock vulnerability, management strategies, and policy changes to address HWC, and discuss the threats that free-ranging dogs pose to biodiversity conservation and even to human public health. I also used remotely-triggered, camera-trap records to explore distribution of three mesocarnivores (guignas, culpeo foxes and chilla foxes across the landscapeand in response to mega-wildfires in southern-central Chile. I found that guignas, a small and vulnerable wild cat, avoided burned sites, preferring sites with native, dense vegetation while culpeo foxes were intermediate in being able to use plantations, but avoiding burned areas. Chilla foxes were most tolerant to landscape change with no response to burns, and they were found closer to human settlements and rivers. Finally, I examined overlap in space and time of day between native species pairs and native and exotic species pairs. I found that dogs were the most widely distributed species across the landscape, but were mostly diurnal while native species were primarily nocturnal. Cats however had high temporal overlap with guinas and chilla foxes, highlighting the potential for competition between them.. Thus, exotic species are damaging to wildlife, livetock and even huan health. I discuss the management implications and urge dialog between government authorities, wildlife managers, and scientists to generate a legal and public policy framework to properly managing habitat and HWC in southern-central Chile.
Findlay, Leah Jayne. "Human-primate conflict : an interdisciplinary evaluation of wildlife crop raiding on commercial crop farms in Limpopo Province, South Africa". Thesis, Durham University, 2016. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11872/.
Pełny tekst źródłaBastholm, Isabelle, i Victoria Fransson. "Impact and Perception of the Human-Wildlife Conflict; a Spatial Case Study of Management and Strategies in Skåne County". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21926.
Pełny tekst źródłaKesch, Kristina Verfasser], i Jörg U. [Akademischer Betreuer] [Ganzhorn. "Game fencing as a human-wildlife conflict mitigation strategy and its implications for conservation / Kristina Kesch. Betreuer: Joerg Ganzhorn". Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1065805411/34.
Pełny tekst źródłaMcDonald, Lucian R. "Urban Alaskan Moose: An Analysis of Factors Associated with Moose-Vehicle Collisions". DigitalCommons@USU, 2019. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7547.
Pełny tekst źródłaMountjoy, Natalie. "The Effects of Human/Wildlife Conflict on the Potential for Community-Based Ecotourism in the Kasigau Region of Southeast Kenya". TopSCHOLAR®, 2007. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/409.
Pełny tekst źródłaAtkins, Alexander. "An experimental assessment of the efficacy of falconry to mitigate human-wildlife conflict: Egyptian Geese Alopochen aegyptiaca at golf courses". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15501.
Pełny tekst źródłaHuman-wildlife conflicts are increasing globally and are believed to be one of the most prevalent and intractable issues that face conservation biologists today. One such conflict is found on golf courses, where high numbers of geese can come into conflict with residents and members. In South Africa, the indigenous Egyptian Goose Alopochen aegyptiaca population has increased dramatically over recent years and as a result they are often seen as nuisance animals whose population requires active management. Most non-lethal methods of goose control have had little success due to habituation to their presence, whilst the use of lethal methods are often deemed socially unacceptable. In this study we experimentally investigated the efficacy of falconry as a management tool to mitigate human-wildlife conflict. We hypothesised that the use of falconry would re-establish a landscape of fear, whereby habitat choice is influenced by the perceived fear of predation, resulting in the local departure of geese to a safer habitat, thereby reducing the population of geese to a tolerable level. Absolute counts of geese and analysis of vigilance levels were conducted at three golf courses in the Western Cape which included two control sites and a treatment site. The results of the experiment indicate that goose abundance declined by 73% at the treatment site after falconry was initiated, and that this was well over the losses due to direct predation. Vigilance levels increased by 7 6% during the treatment period, with no such changes observed at either control site. Additionally, vigilance was higher when filmed from a golf buggy compared to when filmed on foot, which may suggest the geese also learned to associate the golf buggy with the threat of predation, enhancing the overall efficacy of the falconry. While there is a relatively small lethal aspect to falconry, the results of this study confirm that a reduction in the population of geese can be achieved by simulating the naturally occurring non-lethal effects of predation that have been lost in some habitats, as a result of anthropogenic changes to the landscape. To our knowledge, this is the first truly experimental test of the efficacy of falconry to reduce nuisance birds and these important ecological findings have relevance for techniques that people deploy for dealing with human wildlife conflict, particularly where lethal options are unfavourable.
Murison, Megan Kate. "The roles of black-backed jackals and caracals in issues of human-wildlife conflict in the Eastern Cape, South Africa". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018667.
Pełny tekst źródłaBergman, Trygg Elias. "An investigation of human-wildboar conflict : - the perceived need for economical compensation among farmers due to crop damage caused by wild boars -a case study in Arboga, Sweden". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-226839.
Pełny tekst źródłaCouper, Amy. "Understanding perceptions of human-wildlife conflict and policy responses: An examination of the Western Australia shark hazard mitigation drum line program 2013-2014". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/204256/1/Amy_Couper_Thesis.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaKarimi, Rebekah R. Schulte Bruce A. "An assessment of perceived crop damage in a Tanzanian village impacted by human-elephant conflict and an investigation of deterrent properties of African elephant (Loxodonta africana) exudates using bioassays". Diss., Statesboro, Ga.: Georgia Southern University, 2009. http://www.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/archive/fall2009/lyndsay_a_itoh/Itoh_Lyndsay_A_200908_MS.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaSuutarinen, J. (Johanna). "Ecology of lawbreaking:effects of poaching on legally harvested wolf populations in human-dominated landscapes". Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2019. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526222271.
Pełny tekst źródłaTiivistelmä Suden ja ihmisen rinnakkainelo johtaa konflikteihin, joiden lievittämiseksi susikantoja rajoitetaan usein luvallisella metsästyksellä. Suteen kohdistuu lisäksi laitonta tappamista eli salametsästystä. Tämä väitöstutkimus selvittää salametsästyksen ekologisia vaikutuksia Suomen ja Ruotsin susipopulaatioihin. Ensimmäisessä osatyössä selvitimme suomalaisten pantasusien kuolinsyitä, arvioimme salametsästyksen voimakkuutta ja sen vaikutuksia populaatiotasolla. Toisessa osatyössä tarkastelimme susikonfliktiin liittyvien ennustetekijöiden vaikutusta laittomasti tapetuksi tulemisen riskiin reviiritasolla ja koko Suomen mittakaavassa. Kaksi ensimmäistä osatyötä tehtiin Luonnonvarakeskuksen (Luke) suurpetotutkimuksessa. Kolmas osatyö tehtiin osana skandinaavista susitutkimushanketta (SKANDULV). Siinä selvitimme populaatiokoon, luvallisen pyynnin ja sukusiittoisuuden vaikutuksia aikuisten susien katoamiseen Ruotsissa. Salametsästys oli susien yleisin kuolinsyy, mutta suurin osa tapauksista jää toteen näyttämättä. Muita kuolinsyitä olivat luvallinen metsästys, liikenne ja luonnolliset kuolinsyyt. Aineistoissa oli runsaasti kohtaloltaan tuntemattomaksi jääneitä yksilöitä. Yksilöiden sukusiittoisuusaste ei ollut yhteydessä susien katoamisiin Ruotsissa. Syrjäinen sijainti ja susien havaittavuus metsätiestöltä lisäsivät laittoman tapon todennäköisyyttä Suomessa. Salametsästysriski oli korkein kevättalvella. Aikuisilla susilla oli huomattavan korkea riski tulla laittomasti tapetuksi. Tutkimuksen perusteella salametsästyksen määrää selittävät erityisesti susipopulaation kulloinenkin koko ja luvalliset pyyntimäärät. Suurempi susikanta lisäsi salametsästystä ja metsästyslupien määrä vähensi sen riskiä. Salametsästys vaikuttaa säädelleen susikantoja siitä huolimatta, että susikonfliktia on pyritty lieventämään luvallisella metsästyksellä