Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Human remains (Archaeology)

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Human remains (Archaeology)”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 31 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Human remains (Archaeology)"

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Mays, Simon. "Human remains in marine archaeology". Environmental Archaeology 13, nr 2 (październik 2008): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174963108x343245.

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Curtis, Neil G. W. "Human remains: The sacred, museums and archaeology". Public Archaeology 3, nr 1 (styczeń 2003): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/pua.2003.3.1.21.

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Pearson, Mike Parker, Tim Schadla-Hall i Gabe Moshenska. "Resolving the Human Remains Crisis in British Archaeology". Papers from the Institute of Archaeology 21 (15.12.2011): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/pia.369.

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Becker, Marshall Joseph, i Douglas H. Ubelaker. "Human Skeletal Remains: Excavation, Analysis, Interpretation 2". American Journal of Archaeology 94, nr 3 (lipiec 1990): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/505804.

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Skipper, Cassie E., Scott D. Haddow i Marin A. Pilloud. "Thermal Alterations to Human Remains in Çatalhöyük". Near Eastern Archaeology 83, nr 2 (1.06.2020): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/708888.

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Hillson, Simon. "Recording dental caries in archaeological human remains". International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 11, nr 4 (2001): 249–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oa.538.

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Pany-Kucera, Doris, Michaela Spannagl-Steiner, Lukas Waltenberger, Walther Parson, Christina Strobl, Barbara Rendl, Lukas Janker, Fabian Kanz i Katharina Rebay-Salisbury. "Appendix 1. Catalogue of Human Remains from Schleinbach". Archaeologia Austriaca Band 104/2020 (2020): 13—A—13—B. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/archaeologia104s13-a.

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Swain, Hedley. "The Value of Human Remains in Museum Collections". Public Archaeology 6, nr 3 (listopad 2007): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/175355307x243636.

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Mathieu, Agnès. "Les restes humains et l'archéologie : état des lieux juridique". Canadian Journal of Bioethics 2, nr 3 (18.12.2019): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1066477ar.

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The subject of human remains in archaeology is linked to ethical or societal issues that call into question the notion of “dignity” and therefore of “respect” due to the human body. In archaeological research, the “human remain” is, to a certain extent, an object of study like other archaeological objects. This normality results from the scientific nature of the process, but also from the anonymity that is most often attached to the human remains uncovered. This duality between ethics and professional deontology is logically reflected in the subject’s legal understanding. There are thus general standards in civil law or funeral law that do not specifically concern archaeology, but which may apply to some of its situations. Specific standards are needed to reconcile the ethical issues related to human remains with the scientific issues of archaeology. But defining such standards is not easy, as evidenced by recent work in France on the law on freedom of creation, architecture and heritage (LCAP).
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Rusu, Ioana, Ioana Paica, Adriana Vulpoi, Claudia Radu, Cristina Mircea, Cătălin Dobrinescu, Vitalie Bodolică i Beatrice Kelemen. "Dual DNA-protein extraction from human archeological remains". Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 11, nr 7 (5.12.2018): 3299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12520-018-0760-1.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Human remains (Archaeology)"

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Smith, Patricia R. "The detection of haemoglobin in ancient human skeleton remains". Thesis, University of Essex, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235815.

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Weinrich, Kendra S. "Oral Pathological Conditions in Early Postcontact Guale, St. Catherines Island, Georgia". The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1587568057924649.

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Anson, Timothy James. "The bioarchaeology of the St. Mary's free ground burials : reconstruction of colonial South Australian lifeways /". Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pha622.pdf.

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Collins, Erika. "An osteological and mortuary analysis of the Insane Asylum of California cemetery, 1851-1854". [Chico, Calif. : California State University, Chico], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10211.4/163.

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Armit, Ian, i Fiona C. Tucker. "Human remains from Iron Age Atlantic Scotland Dating Project". Archaeology Scotland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4542.

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Thompson, Hayley L. "Skeletal variability in the human mandible with regard to sex". Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1313911661&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Maja, Wikborg. "The absence of human remains in Valsgärde cemetery. Natural process or ritual phenomena?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-324492.

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Joseph, Kit. "The accurate dating and geographical sourcing of forensic-aged human remains". Thesis, University of Reading, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.501367.

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This project uses radionuclides from the uranium-238 decay chain series in conjunction with lead, strontium carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios to achieve accurate dating and geographical sourcing of human skeletal remains. A pilot study was conducted in order to test the hypothesis that 210pb stored within the skeleton during life decays at a known rate once death occurs. Samples of femur were used from 12 Portuguese individuals whose year of death was known.
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Fforde, Cressida. "Controlling the dead : an analysis of the collecting and repatriation of aboriginal human remains". Thesis, University of Southampton, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244998.

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Dietz, Michael J. Benfer Robert Alfred Pearsall Deborah M. "Diet, subsistence and health a bioarchaeological analysis of Chongos, Perú /". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6169.

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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb 17, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dissertation advisor: Dr. Robert A. Benfer, Jr. and Dr. Deborah Pearsall. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Książki na temat "Human remains (Archaeology)"

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Chamberlain, Andrew. Human remains. London: British Museum Press, 1994.

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Roberts, Charlotte A. Human remains in archaeology: A handbook. York: Council for British Archaeology, 2009.

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Archaeology, Council for British, red. Human remains in archaeology: A handbook. York: Council for British Archaeology, 2009.

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Mays, Simon. The Archaeology of Human Bones. London: Taylor & Francis Inc, 2004.

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Conference, Unesco General. Human remains & museum practice. Paris: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 2006.

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A, Poirier David, i Bellantoni Nicholas F, red. In remembrance: Archaeology and death. Westport, Conn: Bergin & Garvey, 1997.

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Eleanor, Scott. The archaeology of infancy and infant death. Oxford, England: Archaeopress, 1999.

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1937-, Renfrew Colin, Frith Christopher D i Malafouris Lambros, red. The sapient mind: Archaeology meets neuroscience. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.

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1953-, Bahn Paul G., red. Written in bones: How human remains unlock the secrets of the dead. Newton Abbot: David & Charles, 2003.

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B, Lambert Joseph, i Grupe Gisela 1956-, red. Prehistoric human bone: Archaeology at the molecular level. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1993.

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Części książek na temat "Human remains (Archaeology)"

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Paulsen, Brian D., i Kimberlee Sue Moran. "Landfill Searches for Human Remains". W Forensic Archaeology, 143–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03291-3_9.

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Blau, Soren. "Ethics and Human Remains". W Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 3832–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30018-0_160.

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Murphy, Amanda Lauren. "Human Remains: Historic Cemeteries". W Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 5369–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30018-0_3189.

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Fforde, Cressida. "Human Remains in Museums". W Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 5351–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30018-0_795.

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Blau, Soren. "Ethics and Human Remains". W Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 1–6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51726-1_160-2.

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Murphy, Amanda Lauren. "Human Remains: Historic Cemeteries". W Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 1–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51726-1_3189-1.

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Blau, Soren. "Ethics and Human Remains". W Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 2453–58. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_160.

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Fforde, Cressida. "Human Remains in Museums". W Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 3545–49. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_795.

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Mays, Simon. "Ethics and human remains". W The Archaeology of Human Bones, 333–50. Wyd. 3. Third edition. | New York : Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315171821-14.

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Blau, Soren, i Luis Fondebrider. "Human Skeletal Remains: Identification of Individuals". W Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 5376–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30018-0_154.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Human remains (Archaeology)"

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Schimerl, Nicolas, Pia Patrizia Weber i Thomas Stöllner. "RETHINKING THE ANALOGUE – FROM VIRTUAL ARCHAEOLOGY TO A DIGITAL EXHIBITION". W VIRTUAL ARCHAEOLOGY. SIBERIAN FEDERAL UNIVERSITY, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17516/sibvirarch-003.

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In 1993, workers discovered a mummified human head during exploitation in the salt mine of Chehrābād, Province of Zanjān, Iran (Vatandoust 1998). This find marks the beginning of more than 20 years of international and interdisciplinary research. The mummified head dates to Sassanian times and is known to the world today as “Salt Man 1”. The salt extraction in Chehrābād continued until 2009 and led to the discovery of further mummified human remains, which were, in accordance to the first find, named “Salt Men of Zanjān”. These salt mummies as well as the site are a unique cultural heritage for humankind. In 2004, archaeologists made an exceptional discovery during a rescue excavation. This find, the mummy of a 15 to 16-year-old youth, is – to date – the best-preserved salt mummy known worldwide (Aali 2005). In 2007 an international research project started, co-headed by the German Mining Museum Bochum and the Zanjān Saltman and Archaeological Museum. All these efforts led to the halt of the commercial exploitation of the salt mine in 2009. Subsequently, the salt mine was declared a cultural heritage site (Aali et al. 2012). In multiple excavation campaigns not only the salt mine itself, but also its surrounding area were studied thoroughly. The results of these joint efforts were published in two monographs (Aali, Stöllner 2015; Stöllner, Aali, Bagherpour Kashani 2020) and various further articles (e.g. Aali et al. 2012;Öhrström et al. 2016; Pollard et al. 2008; Ramaroli et al. 2010; Vahdati Nasab et al. 2019)
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Wangthongchaicharoen, Naruphol, Supamas Duangsakul, Pira Venunan, Sukanya Lertwinitnun i Siriyupon Tubpenthai. "The Bronze Age People of Ban Kao: A Preliminary Analysis of the Human Remains from Ban Ta Po Archaeological Site, Western Thailand | คนสมัยส􀄬ำริดที่บ้ำนเก่ำ : รำยงำนขั้นต้นผลกำรวิเครำะห์โครงกระดูกมนุษย์จำกแหล่ง โบรำณคดีบ้ำนท่ำโป๊ะ ในภำคตะวันตกของประเทศไทย". W The SEAMEO SPAFA International Conference on Southeast Asian Archaeology and Fine Arts (SPAFACON2021). SEAMEO SPAFA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26721/spafa.pqcnu8815a-15.

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Ban Ta Po is located in the Ban Kao Subdistrict within an area that the Thai-Danish Expedition uncovered the famous Neolithic Ban Kao Culture in 1960. The two-season excavation in 2018 and 2020 discovered 17 burials dated to the Bronze age. The analysis of these individuals that were buried there were mostly infants and children. Two children appeared with some disease lesions on bones like porous on the cranium, a carious tooth related to the localized enamel hypoplasia, and the femoral bowing. All possibly indicate metabolic bone disease caused by a nutrition deficiency.
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Беляев, Л. А., i М. Б. Медникова. "В поисках бояр Романовых: междисциплинарное исследование усыпальницы XVI–XVIII вв. в Знаменской церкви Новоспасского монастыря в Москве. Вып. 1." W В поисках  бояр Романовых: междисциплинарное исследование усыпальницы XVI–XVIII вв. в Знаменской церкви новоспасского монастыря в Москве. Crossref, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.2018.978-5-94375-266-7.

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Новоспасский монастырь в XVI в. стал усыпальницей боярского рода Захарьиных-Юрьевых-Романовых. Многочисленные внуки Романа Юрьевича Захарьина, дети Никиты Романовича, образовали в последней трети XVI в. клан «Никитичей», после смерти царя Федора Ивановича вступивший в борьбу за царский престол. Борис Годунов подверг их жестокой опале, но после вступления на престол Лжедмитрия останки умерших перевезли из мест ссылки в родовой монастырь, позже построив поминальный храм Знамения, в конце XVIII в. целиком перестроенный. В нем почитали особую Палатку Никитичей. На ее участке экспедиция Института археологии РАН в 2014 г. изучила каменные саркофаги, надгробия, вещи и костные останки. Анализ письменных источников и сохранившиеся надписи указали на погребения членов семьи князей Черкасских (близких родственников бояр Романовых) и родоначальницы этой ветви, княгини М.Н. Черкасской (Романовой). Междисциплинарное исследование позволило решить вопросы идентификации и сделать заключение об образе и качестве жизни представителей боярских семей, стоявших в XVI – начале XVII в. у истоков династии Романовых. Since the 16th c. the New Monastery of the Savior became the burial ground of the Romanov boyar family. The numerous descendants of Roman Zacharyin established the powerful clan of «Nikitichi» (the children of Nikita) at the end of the 16th c. After the death of the Tzar Feodor they were disgraced, imprisoned and exiled. But after the accession of False Dmitry the 1st their remains were transferred from the Northern Russia to their ancestral monastery of the Savior. The special chapel was erected over the tombs, fully reconstructed in the late 18th c. In 2014 the excavations of the Institute of archaeology RAS (under the supervision of Leonid Belyaev) discovered the stone sarcophagi, tomb stones, artifacts and human remains. The epigraphy and the written sources indicated burials of the Princely family of Cherkasy, the close relatives of the Romanovs, including the founder of this brunch Princess Marfa Romanova. The multidisciplinary study allowed to identify remains and to research life style and life quality of the representatives of the aristocratic families of the 16th and 17th cc.
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Omar, Asmah Haji. "Symbolisation in Ancient Tales: A Special Reference to the Malay Text Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa". W GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2022. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2022.1-1.

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Symbolisation can be interpreted as expressing what is real, not in terms of the actual object, but that which is represented in other forms. A narrative or a story that is in the mind of the writer or the storyteller still remains in the form of ideas or concepts. It becomes a message when it is expressed in an organised form in the language medium that we call ‘text.’ It is the text that forms the symbol to the story. In Ferdinand de Saussure’s theory of the sign, the story is the signifié or the signified, and the text is the signifiant or the signifier. Language is an abstract and conventional symbol in the life of human beings. At the same time, there are non-language forms of symbols that have been identified as icons and indices, in particular by Charles Saunders Peirce with his theory of semiotics. This paper and talk present an interpretation of an ancient text, a composite of narratives of the founding of Kedah (which today is a sultanate in the north-western part of the Malay Peninsula) circa 3000 B.C.E., until the arrival of Islam circa 10th century C. E. Originally an oral tradition, the text was given a written form in the mid-18th century, using the Jawi (Malayised Arabic) script of the time. It was only in 1970 that the Jawi manuscript was transliterated using the Roman alphabet. Interpretation of the text goes through various layers of symbols, beginning with symbols in their Jawi script, and as identifying words in their various forms. Making sense of linguistic elements entails taking into account their usage within the text itself as well as information from historical texts (in co-texts) and findings of research by relevant disciplines, specifically archaeology, geology and geography. By employing the theories and approaches mentioned above, some of the major factors in Kedah history discovered in the text are: (1) Evolution of the geomorphology of Kedah since 5000 years ago (which has been verified by scholars in the field); (2) identification of ethnic groups living in Kedah in those ancient times and the assimilation of at least one of these with the Malays; (3) evolution of Kedah from a simple civilisation to an urbanized one, by using technology available to the people when building the kota (urban centre) and man-made rivers that are still seen in Kedah today; (4) events that led to the spread of the Kedah dialect to North Perak and to Southern Thailand; and (5) the fact that the sending of gold and silver flowers as a tribute from the King/Sultan of Kedah to the King of Siam from time immemorial until 1905 began as a tradition of sending gifts from the younger brother who was king in Kedah to his elder brother in Southern Thailand every two years.
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Purnell, Maria Kathryn N. "The Prevailing Art and Tradition of Intentional Dental Modification in Prehistoric Southeast Asia | Ang Namamayaning Sining at Tradisyon ng Intensyonal na Modipikasyon ng Ngipin sa Sinaunang Timog-Silangang Asya". W The SEAMEO SPAFA International Conference on Southeast Asian Archaeology and Fine Arts (SPAFACON2021). SEAMEO SPAFA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26721/spafa.pqcnu8815a-06.

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Since prehistoric times, humans have changed select characteristics of their bodies, such as tattooing, hair-dyeing, cranial and feet deforming, and teeth modifying. Teeth are some of the most well-preserved remains in the archaeological record, with which we can study past cultural and ritualistic beliefs. Previous publications on dental modifications in Southeast Asia are mostly limited to the mainland, thus this paper reviews modifications observed in prehistoric sites across Southeast Asia, identifying common techniques and motivations. Findings show occurrence of dental ablation, filing, plating, and coloration, which began in the Neolithic, disappeared in the Bronze Age, but reappeared in the Iron Age, although the absence may be due to sampling shortage. Modifications have been associated to aestheticism, group identity, rite of passage, practicality, and medical benefit, but whether these all ring true remains uncertain. It is recommended that future research expand scope for better data representation, analyze modifications with context of community profiles, and investigate the significance of migration in the prevalence of certain techniques and patterns as part of understanding the cultural aspects of past humans’ lives, and assess the cultural (dis)continuity of these traditions into modern-day forms of body modification, art, healing, self-expression, and identity. Magmula sinaunang panahon, maitatala ang mga pagbabagong pisikal sa katawan, tulad ng pagtatato, pagkukulay ng buhok, at pag-iiba-anyo ng ulo, paa, at ngipin. Nabibilang ang ngipin sa mga lubos na napepreserbang artepakto sa arkiyoloji, at sa gayo’y magagamit pang-aral ng mga nakalipas na kultura at ritwal. Kasalukuyang limitado sa mainland ng Timog-Silangang Asya ang saliksik sa intensyonal na modipikasyon ng ngipin, kaya tatalakayin dito ang mga sinaunang modipikasyong nabanggit sa buong rehiyon, at tutukuyin ang pagkakatulad sa mga teknik at motibasyon. Nagsimula ang paglaganap ng sadyang pagtatanggal, pagliliha, pagkakalupkop, at pagkukulay ng ngipin noong Panahong Neolitiko, naglaho noong Panahong Tanso, at bumalik muli pagsapit ng Panahong Bakal, ngunit maaaring iukol ang paglaho sa kakulangan ng datos. Hindi pa tiyak, pero pwedeng ang mga modipkasyon sa estetisismo, pakikisama, pagriritwal, praktikalidad, at benepisyong-medikal. Inirerekomendang palawakin sa susunod na saliksik ang sakop para sa mas mabuting representasyon ng datos, suriin ang mga modipikasyon sa konteksto ng komunidad, at imbestigahan ang kahalagahan ng migrasyon sa paglaganap ng mga partikular na teknik at padron habang inuunawa ang mga aspetong kultural ng sinaunang panahon, at tasahan ang pagpapatuloy (o hindi) ng mga tradisyong nabanggit sa kasalukuyang modipikasyon ng katawan, sining, paggagamot, pagpapahayag ng sarili, at identidad.
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Marcos, David, José Martínez, Fco Javier Delgado i Javier Finat. "EXPLOTACIONES MINERAS EN PATRIMONIO INDUSTRIAL: UN CASO DE USO DE DOCUMENTACIÓN Y SIMULACIÓN". W ARQUEOLÓGICA 2.0 - 8th International Congress on Archaeology, Computer Graphics, Cultural Heritage and Innovation. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/arqueologica8.2016.3565.

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Mining operations are an essential part of Industrial Heritage. They provide an important reference in order to understand changing past realities, relationships between groups and reconfiguration in the communication between regions whose consequences still remain reference. These realities and relationships have led to the current socio- economic and political framework, which is projected into the future. The documentation of physical vestiges and machinery, now obsolete, is a metaphor that serves to illustrate and understand the past from our present perspective. Threedimensional models from the fusion of different techniques and physical structures contextualization allow to simulatethe mechanisms to promote sustainable tourism as paradigms of a modernity that only serves the immediate appearances. Our approach for documentation and simulation of mechanisms for the extraction and the treatment of mineral is provided as graphical support to understand a reality that goes beyond the “ThematicPark” approach. Moreover, the visualization provides a metaphor for the destruction of natural, physical and human resources of entire areas doomed to depopulation and disappearance. This also opens the door to broader developments that can use multimedia resources to support an all-embracing narrative experience.
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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Human remains (Archaeology)"

1

Saville, Alan, i Caroline Wickham-Jones, red. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland : Scottish Archaeological Research Framework Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, czerwiec 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.163.

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Why research Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland? Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology sheds light on the first colonisation and subsequent early inhabitation of Scotland. It is a growing and exciting field where increasing Scottish evidence has been given wider significance in the context of European prehistory. It extends over a long period, which saw great changes, including substantial environmental transformations, and the impact of, and societal response to, climate change. The period as a whole provides the foundation for the human occupation of Scotland and is crucial for understanding prehistoric society, both for Scotland and across North-West Europe. Within the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods there are considerable opportunities for pioneering research. Individual projects can still have a substantial impact and there remain opportunities for pioneering discoveries including cemeteries, domestic and other structures, stratified sites, and for exploring the huge evidential potential of water-logged and underwater sites. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology also stimulates and draws upon exciting multi-disciplinary collaborations. Panel Task and Remit The panel remit was to review critically the current state of knowledge and consider promising areas of future research into the earliest prehistory of Scotland. This was undertaken with a view to improved understanding of all aspects of the colonization and inhabitation of the country by peoples practising a wholly hunter-fisher-gatherer way of life prior to the advent of farming. In so doing, it was recognised as particularly important that both environmental data (including vegetation, fauna, sea level, and landscape work) and cultural change during this period be evaluated. The resultant report, outlines the different areas of research in which archaeologists interested in early prehistory work, and highlights the research topics to which they aspire. The report is structured by theme: history of investigation; reconstruction of the environment; the nature of the archaeological record; methodologies for recreating the past; and finally, the lifestyles of past people – the latter representing both a statement of current knowledge and the ultimate aim for archaeologists; the goal of all the former sections. The document is reinforced by material on-line which provides further detail and resources. The Palaeolithic and Mesolithic panel report of ScARF is intended as a resource to be utilised, built upon, and kept updated, hopefully by those it has helped inspire and inform as well as those who follow in their footsteps. Future Research The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarized under four key headings:  Visibility: Due to the considerable length of time over which sites were formed, and the predominant mobility of the population, early prehistoric remains are to be found right across the landscape, although they often survive as ephemeral traces and in low densities. Therefore, all archaeological work should take into account the expectation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic ScARF Panel Report iv encountering early prehistoric remains. This applies equally to both commercial and research archaeology, and to amateur activity which often makes the initial discovery. This should not be seen as an obstacle, but as a benefit, and not finding such remains should be cause for question. There is no doubt that important evidence of these periods remains unrecognised in private, public, and commercial collections and there is a strong need for backlog evaluation, proper curation and analysis. The inadequate representation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic information in existing national and local databases must be addressed.  Collaboration: Multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross- sector approaches must be encouraged – site prospection, prediction, recognition, and contextualisation are key areas to this end. Reconstructing past environments and their chronological frameworks, and exploring submerged and buried landscapes offer existing examples of fruitful, cross-disciplinary work. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology has an important place within Quaternary science and the potential for deeply buried remains means that geoarchaeology should have a prominent role.  Innovation: Research-led projects are currently making a substantial impact across all aspects of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology; a funding policy that acknowledges risk and promotes the innovation that these periods demand should be encouraged. The exploration of lesser known areas, work on different types of site, new approaches to artefacts, and the application of novel methodologies should all be promoted when engaging with the challenges of early prehistory.  Tackling the ‘big questions’: Archaeologists should engage with the big questions of earliest prehistory in Scotland, including the colonisation of new land, how lifestyles in past societies were organized, the effects of and the responses to environmental change, and the transitions to new modes of life. This should be done through a holistic view of the available data, encompassing all the complexities of interpretation and developing competing and testable models. Scottish data can be used to address many of the currently topical research topics in archaeology, and will provide a springboard to a better understanding of early prehistoric life in Scotland and beyond.
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Hall, Mark, i Neil Price. Medieval Scotland: A Future for its Past. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, wrzesień 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.165.

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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings. Underpinning all five areas is the recognition that human narratives remain crucial for ensuring the widest access to our shared past. There is no wish to see political and economic narratives abandoned but the need is recognised for there to be an expansion to more social narratives to fully explore the potential of the diverse evidence base. The questions that can be asked are here framed in a national context but they need to be supported and improved a) by the development of regional research frameworks, and b) by an enhanced study of Scotland’s international context through time. 1. From North Britain to the Idea of Scotland: Understanding why, where and how ‘Scotland’ emerges provides a focal point of research. Investigating state formation requires work from Medieval Scotland: a future for its past ii a variety of sources, exploring the relationships between centres of consumption - royal, ecclesiastical and urban - and their hinterlands. Working from site-specific work to regional analysis, researchers can explore how what would become ‘Scotland’ came to be, and whence sprang its inspiration. 2. Lifestyles and Living Spaces: Holistic approaches to exploring medieval settlement should be promoted, combining landscape studies with artefactual, environmental, and documentary work. Understanding the role of individual sites within wider local, regional and national settlement systems should be promoted, and chronological frameworks developed to chart the changing nature of Medieval settlement. 3. Mentalities: The holistic understanding of medieval belief (particularly, but not exclusively, in its early medieval or early historic phase) needs to broaden its contextual understanding with reference to prehistoric or inherited belief systems and frames of reference. Collaborative approaches should draw on international parallels and analogues in pursuit of defining and contrasting local or regional belief systems through integrated studies of portable material culture, monumentality and landscape. 4. Empowerment: Revisiting museum collections and renewing the study of newly retrieved artefacts is vital to a broader understanding of the dynamics of writing within society. Text needs to be seen less as a metaphor and more as a technological and social innovation in material culture which will help the understanding of it as an experienced, imaginatively rich reality of life. In archaeological terms, the study of the relatively neglected cultural areas of sensory perception, memory, learning and play needs to be promoted to enrich the understanding of past social behaviours. 5. Parameters: Multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross-sector approaches should be encouraged in order to release the research potential of all sectors of archaeology. Creative solutions should be sought to the challenges of transmitting the importance of archaeological work and conserving the resource for current and future research.
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