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Druzhilov, Sergey A. "CONTEMPORARY INFORMATION ENVIRONMENT AND HUMAN ECOLOGY: PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS". Hygiene and sanitation 97, nr 7 (15.07.2018): 597–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2018-97-7-597-603.
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Introduction. The information environment of the society as an integral part of a human habitat is a factor of his health and must comply with safety requirements. As a result of the development of communication technologies on the basis of computer devices and the Internet, there have been significant changes in the information environment of the society and its impact on people. The study of the negative impact of the contemporary information environment on a human cannot be limited to physical and psychophysiological factors. A semantic component of the information itself is significant. Information environment has a negative impact on the cognitive and emotional sphere of his psyche. The object of information influence is the personality. The objective of the paper is to study the formation of the contemporary information and communication environment of the society, the trends in its development, to define its main components and psychological peculiarities. Material and methods. The method of investigation is a comparative analysis of the views of various authors and their theoretical generalization. Results. Based on the analysis of publications, a current understanding of the information and communication environment of the society is presented. The formation of the information environment is connected with the development of technologies and tools for fixing, preserving and transferring social experience. Six stages of the development of the means of the information transferring and preservation in the society are selected. Global informatization of the environment leads to the changes in people’s lives and activities. The picture of the human world, his worldview, his way of life are exposed to the effects of the information traffic. The risk factor is the deterioration of the human adaptation to new conditions. The changes within the individual do not keep up with the rapid changes in technology. Conclusion. In the context of the new information and communication reality the importance of the problems of human ecology was shown to increase. The information environment of a society as an object of the study can be considered in the following aspects: a) as a human habitat; b) as a means of information human activities; c) as a system of communications, including interpersonal ones; d) as an information infrastructure that provides storage, access and use of information arrays.
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Rodnyansky, Dmitry Vladimirovich, Gulnara Faridovna Valeeva, Ruslan Agarunovich Abramov i Ivan Nikolaevich Makarov. "Social determinants of human health". International journal of health sciences 5, nr 3 (26.12.2021): 649–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v5n3.2809.
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The study is devoted to the analysis of social determinants of human health, their quantitative and qualitative aspects. The analysis was carried out according to the authors' methodology, which includes a comparison of the results of the questionnaire (subjective qualitative assessment) and the correlation analysis of social determinants with the life expectancy indicator. The Republic of Tatarstan, a dynamically developing region of the Russian Federation, where life expectancy is much higher compared to other regions (75.03 years in 2019), was chosen as the territorial object of analysis. The study hypothesized that it could be proved that social determinants were the most important component of health, and without them, its formation, maintenance, and strengthening would be impossible. Based on the results of the comprehensive analysis, the hypothesis was confirmed: 1) the qualitative analysis confirmed that the respondents were aware of the impact of social determinants on their health and identified individual indicators: the level of social security, stress, ecology, as well as immediate environment and working conditions; 2) the results of the quantitative analysis made it possible to state that health was affected by the following social determinants: divorce rates, environmental pollution, provision of medical services, construction rates and housing costs.
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Pitaloka, Ardanareswari Ayu, i Ali Yansyah Abdurrahim. "Sustainable Livelihoods Sustainable Approach and Contemporary Research on Rural Social-Ecological Systems in Indonesia". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1275, nr 1 (1.11.2023): 012044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1275/1/012044.
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Abstract As the largest tropical archipelago country in Asia, Indonesia has 84,096 villages. From the human ecology perspective, a village or rural area is a social-ecological system. The sustainable livelihood approach was built by rural scholars and experts, development studies, and human ecology as a framework for looking at aspects of sustainable development in rural areas. This paper uses the literature review method on (1) the trajectory of the sustainable livelihoods approach and (2) its use in contemporary research on rural social-ecological systems in Indonesia. The analysis results show that the sustainable livelihoods approach continues to grow and evolve, including using scientific principles of political ecology. In Indonesia, its use is also used for various research on rural social-ecological systems. This paper specifically shows the important results of six studies of rural social-ecological systems in West Java, South Sulawesi, North Sumatra, West Sumatra, West Kalimantan, and East Kalimantan (New Capital City of Indonesia/IKN) area. The six studies show that aspects of social and ecological systems are closely intertwined, and the sustainable livelihoods approach managed to peel it off.
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Пузырев, В. Г., И. Н. Халфиев, А. С. Иванова, М. К. Иванова, Д. Ситдикова И., Ю. А. Санникова, М. В. Колпакова, А. Е. Жернакова i Е. Ю. Иванова. "METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PRENOSOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS IN THE FIELD OF HUMAN ECOLOGY". Medicine and health care organization 7, nr 4 (1.06.2023): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.56871/mhco.2022.57.88.008.
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В последние десятилетия значительно изменилась среда, в которой проживает современный человек, также претерпело изменение и здоровье людей. Это произошло в результате изменений, произошедших в социальной, производственной и гигиенической сферах. В этой связи изучение состояния здоровья людей, обусловленное влиянием окружающей среды, является важным направлением профилактической медицины. Очевидно, что болезнь не появляется внезапно. Существуют несколько этапов, прежде чем возникнет какая-либо патология, через стадии донозологии и преморбидных состояний. Период между нормой и патологией составляет риски возникновения заболеваний. Именно поэтому так важно своевременно диагностировать этап донозологического состояния организма с целью предупредить переход в стадию патологии (срыв адаптации). В данной статье представлен обзор литературы методологических аспектов донозологической диагностики. Также было проанализировано влияние различных факторов риска на формирование донозологического, преморбидного состояния и срыва адаптации на примере студентов различных вузов и ссузов. Изучение литературы по данной теме и анализ различных вредных факторов позволили ранжировать их с учетом влияния показателей окружающей среды на здоровье. Наиболее значимыми факторами риска являются неблагоприятные факторы производственной и внепроизводственной среды химического, физического генеза; неблагоприятная образовательная среда, наличие вредных привычек. recent decades, the environment in which modern man lives has changed significantly, and people’s health has also underwent certain alternations . This happened as a result of changes that had taken place in the social, industrial and hygienic spheres. In this regard, the study of the state of human health, due to the influence of the environment, is an important area of preventive medicine. Obviously, the disease does not appear suddenly. There are several stages before any pathology occurs, through the stages of donosology and premorbid conditions. The period between the norm and pathology forms some risk of disease. Therefore, it is so important to timely diagnose the stage of the prenosological state of the human body in order to prevent the transition to the stage of pathology (disruption of adaptation). This article presents a literature review of the methodological aspects of prenosological diagnostics, and also analyzes the influence of various risk factors on the formation of the prenosological, premorbid state and adaptation failure, using the example of students from various universities and colleges. The study of the literature on this topic and the analysis of various harmful factors made it possible to rank them taking into account the influence of environmental indicators on health status. The most significant risk factors are — inadequate amount of rest and sleep; irrational nutrition; smoking; alcohol abuse; the absence or presence of uncomfortable living conditions; difficulties in family relationships and with peers; low physical activity; difficulties in organizing the educational process; physical inactivity, academic stress, unfavorable ecology are factors influencing the functional state of the body.
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Agaton, Casper, Eunice del Rosario, Marie Faye Orca, Arnold Salvacion i Ricardo Sandalo. "Introduction to the Journal of Human Ecology and Sustainability (JHES)". Journal of Human Ecology and Sustainability 1, nr 1 (30.01.2024): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.56237/jhes24ed.
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Research in human ecology and sustainability holds significant importance in addressing global challenges related to the environment, society, and the well-being of the current and future generations. There is an urgent need for a platform to inform new knowledge, practices, policies, and behaviors that contribute toward a more sustainable, resilient, and harmonious coexistence between humans and their environment. The Journal of Human Ecology and Sustainability (JHES) aims to publish interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary, and transdisciplinary research on all aspects of human-environment interactions, community development, and other fields of social science that link with the people, organizations, and government to achieve human-ecological security. This note, which summarizes the contributions in the first volume of the journal, provides a brief background of the transformation of the Journal of Human Ecology to JHES, the official academic publication of the College of Human Ecology, University of the Philippines Los Baños.
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de Vries, Walter Timo. "Social Aspects in Land Consolidation Processes". Land 11, nr 3 (21.03.2022): 452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11030452.
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Land consolidation is an instrument that readjusts land parcel shapes and reallocates land rights in order to minimize farmland fragmentation, optimize agricultural output, and generate optimal living and working conditions in rural areas. The optimization and reallocation algorithms typically rely on monetarized values of land parcels, soil quality, and compensation amounts. Yet, land management interventions also need instruments for socio-spatial optimization, which may be in conflict with the monetary ones. Many non-monetary values are qualitative in nature. Hence, there is a research gap in how such values can be detected and incorporated, such that they can create a multi-dimensional land consolidation outcome. This study applies a situational analytical approach to investigate how, where, and when social values and belief systems play a role in land consolidation cases in three different study areas. This process enables the qualitative detection of which types of social values are central during land consolidations and which ones are most essential when evaluating outcomes of land consolidation. The synthesis derives that the incorporation of aims—such as addressing socio-spatial affinity, need for equity and fairness, human recognition, and good neighborship—is possible through an innovation in land consolidation practices, social valuation methods, and/or socially responsive land consolidation laws.
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Véliz-Burgos, Alex, i Francisco José Francisco-Carrera. "Educación, generosidad, ecología y silencio: hacia una didáctica de la salud y el bienestar en las aulas del siglo XXI/Education, Generosity, Ecology and Silence: Towards an Education for Health and Wellbeing in the Classrooms of the 21st Century". Revista Costarricense de Psicología 39, nr 1 (15.04.2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22544/rcps.v39i01.02.
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<p><strong>Español</strong></p><p>Con el presente artículo, pretendemos adentrarnos en la refl exión de cómo diversos aspectos tales como la generosidad, la ecología y el silencio pueden impactar positivamente en los discentes de nuestros sistemas educativos. Se propone, por tanto, una manera de mirar el mundo con atención y cuidado. A través de las intervenciones didácticas de los docentes, se puede incidir de manera directa en los discentes como “usuarios” del mundo como seres sociales para mantener una infl uencia importante en el futuro de nuestro planeta y de nuestras sociedades. Al fi n y al cabo, el docente, como elemento activo de los contenidos educativos, puede contribuir de manera consciente para mejorar la salud social y el bienestar de las comunidades humanas en nuestra época. Por tanto, resulta esencial que los procesos didácticos respondan a unos diseños que se centren en aspectos que redundarán en mejores individuos, mejores sistemas sociales y una ecología más equilibrada para todos.</p><p><strong>English</strong></p><p>With the present paper, we intend to refl ect on how aspects such as generosity, ecology and silence can have a positive impact on the students within our educational systems. A way to look at the world with care and attention is thus proposed. Through the teaching interventions carried out, the teachers can intervene in the learners as “users” of the world, as social beings, and therefore have an important infl uence on the future of our planet and our societies. In the end, the teacher, as an active element in the educational contents, can contribute in a conscious way to improve the social health and the wellbeing of the human communities in our age. Therefore, it is essential for the teaching processes to account for aspects which will create better individuals, better social systems and a more balanced ecology for everybody.</p>
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Rahman, Diana, Theano Moussouri i Georgios Alexopoulos. "The Social Ecology of Food: Where Agroecology and Heritage Meet". Sustainability 13, nr 24 (17.12.2021): 13981. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132413981.
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The current food system is unsustainable and no longer able to cope with the challenges caused by climate change and consumer behaviours. In this context, agroecology, with its commitment to crossing disciplinary boundaries, has been endorsed as one of the main approaches to the creation of a sustainable food system. Despite this, the integration of the social research on food has not been evident enough in agroecology as a discipline. To be sure, studies related to foodways, food traditions, and, more recently, food heritage have long been present, and have provided important insights into the social and cultural aspects of food. However, there appears to be little convergence between this body of research and the mainstream agroecology literature. This paper aims to address this disconnection between the sociocultural and environmental aspects of the food system, and to propose ways of moving forward. We argue that knowledge about food heritage can be a catalyst for the achievement of agroecology’s vision for whole-system transformative change, and a moving towards global food security and nutrition. Using the agroecology framework of the United Nation’s Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and looking at the examples of the subak system in Indonesia and the EU-funded BigPicnic project, we employ the elements of ‘co-creation and sharing of knowledge’, ‘culture and food traditions’ and ‘human and social values’ as entry points for the creation of sustainable transitions of the food and agricultural systems.
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Coughlan, Michael R., i Aaron M. Petty. "Linking humans and fire: a proposal for a transdisciplinary fire ecology". International Journal of Wildland Fire 21, nr 5 (2012): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf11048.
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Human activity currently plays a significant role in determining the frequency, extent and intensity of landscape fires worldwide. Yet the historical and ecological relationships between humans, fire and the environment remain ill-defined if not poorly understood and an integrative approach linking the social and physical aspects of fire remains largely unexplored. We propose that human fire use is ubiquitous and evidence that historical fire patterns do not differ from non-anthropogenic fire regimes is not evidence that humans did not practice fire management. Through literature review and the presentation of two case studies from the south-eastern USA and tropical Australia, we discuss how the study of fire ecology can benefit from paying attention to the role of humans in three thematic areas: (1) human agency and decision processes; (2) knowledge and practice of landscape fire and (3) socioecological dynamics inherent in the history of social systems of production and distribution. Agency, knowledge of fire ecology and social systems of production and distribution provide analytical links between human populations and the ecological landscape. Consequently, ignitions ultimately result from human behaviours, and where fire use is practised, ignitions result from decision process concerning a combination of ecological knowledge and belief and the rationale of livelihood strategies as constrained by social and ecological parameters. The legacy of human land use further influences fuel continuity and hence fire spread.
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Kramer, Karen L. "The Human Family—Its Evolutionary Context and Diversity". Social Sciences 10, nr 6 (25.05.2021): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10060191.
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The family defines many aspects of our daily lives, and expresses a wide array of forms across individuals, cultures, ecologies and time. While the nuclear family is the norm today in developed economies, it is the exception in most other historic and cultural contexts. Yet, many aspects of how humans form the economic and reproductive groups that we recognize as families are distinct to our species. This review pursues three goals: to overview the evolutionary context in which the human family developed, to expand the conventional view of the nuclear family as the ‘traditional family’, and to provide an alternative to patrifocal explanations for family formation. To do so, first those traits that distinguish the human family are reviewed with an emphasis on the key contributions that behavioral ecology has made toward understanding dynamics within and between families, including life history, kin selection, reciprocity and conflict theoretical frameworks. An overview is then given of several seminal debates about how the family took shape, with an eye toward a more nuanced view of male parental care as the basis for family formation, and what cooperative breeding has to offer as an alternative perspective.
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Kondrashov, P. N. "KARL MARX’ ECOLOGY: TOTALIZATION OF SOCIAL METABOLISM". Intellect. Innovations. Investments, nr 1 (2023): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.25198/2077-7175-2023-1-73.
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Abstract. The purpose of this article is to attempt a conceptual reconstruction of Marx’s theory of social metabolism. The author shows that every living being exists due to the exchange of substances between itself and nature (the universal metabolism of nature). A specific human generic form of such metabolism is praxis that is, conscious transformative activity (social metabolism), the basic form of which is labor as an exchange between man/society and nature, mediated by production, technique and technology. Criticizing narrowly ecological, economic and purely industrial interpretations of the concept of social metabolism, reduced by modern ecological Marxists (P. Burkett, B. Clark, I. Mészáros, J. Moore, C. Royle, K. Saito, J. B. Foster) mostly to various aspects of the material-energy exchange between man (society) and nature, the author proves that K. Marx this form of social metabolism is fundamental for the existence of human society, but not the only one. The author, relying on the entire corpus of texts by K. Marx, and using the methods of textual analysis, reconstruction and extrapolation, shows that in the process of unfolding labor metabolism, specific socio-anthropogenic “worlds” are formed, namely the world of nature, drawn into the sphere of human activity; the world of joint activity as the world of public relations and interpersonal communication; the world of material and spiritual culture; the inner world of the individual. In each of these “worlds” people carry out certain specific modifications of the generic praxis — material production, social activities for the reproduction of culture, social and interpersonal communication, and existential relations to the world. Each of these forms of praxis represents specific varieties of social metabolism within which such types of exchange are carried out as the exchange between man and nature (labor, material production), the exchange of activities between social groups in objective social relations, the exchange of emotions, likes / dislikes, knowledge, traditions, etc. in interpersonal communication and socialization processes. From this analysis, it is concluded that social metabolism totally permeates all levels and structures of social and individual existence, linking them into an organic integrity — the social universe. Because of this, in the concept of Marx there is a totalization of the social universe. This radically distinguishes the ecology of K. Marx from all other forms of ecology, since it is not a doctrine of the interaction of society with nature (ecology) and not calls for environmental protection (environmental studies), but a general socio-praxeological doctrine of the world (internally connected social metabolism) in which man and society exist. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that some of the reconstructed ecological ideas of K. Marx allow us to see that socio-metabolic processes occur not only between man and nature, but cover and permeate all structures and levels of the social universe. Therefore, modern environmental problems can only be solved in a comprehensive, systematic, total way: starting with environmental protection, rational use of natural resources and saving production and ending with sustainable social relations and what academician Dmitry Likhachev called the ecology of culture.
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Hou, Yuchang. "Analysis of the Alienation Theme in Eugene O’Neill’s the Hairy Ape: An Eco-Critical Perspective". Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 34 (9.07.2024): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/tqkdxn84.
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In the post-industrial era, with the high development of material civilization and the continuous progression of capitalism, the ecological crisis has become increasingly severe, leading to a significant imbalance in the social order. In this context, the lower-class laborers are often caught in an animal-like predicament of survival. In O’Neill’s play The Hairy Ape, the steamship symbolizes the capitalist society, and Yank’s tragic fate reveals the disorientation, confusion, loneliness, disillusionment, and disappointment towards social reality among modern Westerners. This play serves as a warning of the crisis of human alienation in the context of post-industrial civilization. Although Yank’s exploration fails, it remains a valuable attempt by humans to seek spiritual belonging in an alienated society. The pursuit of self-worth remains a permanent subject for human beings to contemplate. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the theme of alienation reflected in The Hairy Ape from the perspective of Eco-criticism, mainly focusing on three aspects: natural ecology, social ecology, and spiritual ecology.
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Mijač, Sandra, Goran Slivšek i Anica Džajić. "Deep Ecology". Southeastern European medical journal 6, nr 1 (27.04.2022): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26332/seemedj.v6i1.219.
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Deep ecology emphasizes the importance of the ecological problems as a practical issue, and its importance is in changing the human understanding of everything, including even man’s understanding of who he is.The aim of this paper was to present deep ecology, what it represents and how it has become a significant ecological movement of the 20th century and to indicate the connection between bioethics as new environmental ethics and deep ecology, as well as other environmental movements which, in the contextualization of bioethics, emphasize changing the outlook on life, giving a better knowledge of it, and allowing questioning of social actions and looking at events from different aspects. The idea is to emphasize that man is not only an active, but also a responsible being which is capable of making a paradigm shift in responsibility, and therefore, taking responsibility for all life on Earth.Content analysis and comparative method were introduced and applied for the requirements of making this review.Based on the obtained results, the review points to the need to create new ethics which could introduce a general value system for all living and non-living things - a paradigm shift involving man as part of nature and not opposed to it, and to successfully address these complex issues. It will take a profound shift in human consciousness to fully comprehend that it is not only plants and animals that need a safe habitat - because they can live without humans, but humans cannot live without them.
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Stephenson, Robert L., Ashleen J. Benson, Kate Brooks, Anthony Charles, Poul Degnbol, Catherine M. Dichmont, Marloes Kraan i in. "Practical steps toward integrating economic, social and institutional elements in fisheries policy and management". ICES Journal of Marine Science 74, nr 7 (2.05.2017): 1981–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsx057.
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Abstract While international agreements and legislation call for incorporation of four pillars of sustainability, the social (including cultural), economic and institutional aspects (the ‘human dimension’) have been relatively neglected to date. Three key impediments have been identified: a relative lack of explicit social, economic and institutional objectives; a general lack of process (frameworks, governance) for routine integration of all four pillars of sustainability; and a bias towards biological considerations. Practical integration requires a ‘systems’ approach with explicit consideration of strategic and operational aspects of management; multidisciplinary or transdisciplinary evaluations; practical objectives for the four pillars of sustainability; appropriate participation; and a governance system that is able to integrate these diverse considerations in management. We challenge all involved in fisheries to immediately take five practical steps toward integrating ecological, economic, social and institutional aspects: (1) Adopt the perspective of the fishery as a ‘system’ with interacting natural, human and management elements; (2) Be aware of both strategic and operational aspects of fisheries assessment and management; (3) Articulate overarching objectives that incorporate all four pillars of sustainability; (4) Encourage appropriate (and diverse) disciplinary participation in all aspects of research, evaluation and management; and (5) Encourage development of (or emulate) participatory governance.
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Dangschat, Jens S. "Sag' mir, wo Du wohnst, und ich sag' Dir, wer Du bist!" PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 27, nr 109 (1.12.1997): 619–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v27i109.866.
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After a brief reminder of the first aims of segregation as a core problem of urban and regional sciences the descriptive, explaining and valorizing aspects of three schools (human ecology, new urban sociology and feminist sociology) are critically analyzed. Generally, the underlying theory of social inequalities is weak, a social understanding of space is missed and the functional interrelations between the neighbourhoods are neglected.
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DIACHENKO-BOHUN, M., i O. KONONENKO. "HISTORICAL AND THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE ESTABLISHMENT OF SCIENCE "SOCIAL ECOLOGY" AND ITS PRACTICAL SIGNIFICANCE IN THE TRAINING OF STUDENTS IN A HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION". ТHE SOURCES OF PEDAGOGICAL SKILLS, nr 32 (8.12.2023): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2075-146x.2023.32.292649.
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Social ecology is a relatively young scientific discipline, it was officially recognized only in the first quarter of the 20th century. The article provides the prerequisites for the formation and formation of the science "Social Ecology". The history of development is conditionally divided into three periods, which demonstrate the gradual progress of the creation of this teaching. (Initial stage – empirical; Second stage – “model”; Third stage – global-political). This science reveals the regularities of the relationship between nature and society, it is designed to understand and help bridge the gap between humanitarian and natural knowledge.
In connection with the fact that a person is not only a biological being, but also a social one, this paper examines the definition of the concept of "social ecology" from various scientists and the five laws of social ecology by N.F. Reimers. The problem of the relationship between "man and nature" is becoming more and more relevant every year. In this system, each of the parties, to one degree or another, influences each other. Therefore, in the article we discuss the interaction of man and the biosphere, the study of anthropogenic activity and the tasks facing society to solve environmental problems.
The importance of the "Social Ecology" course for students of pedagogical universities is substantiated. So, we can conclude that social ecology arose when environmental problems began to be studied from a social point of view and when it became obvious that they are the result of the incoherence of human, natural and industrial systems, that is, the incoherence of the biosphere, the technosphere and the sociosphere. First of all, it should be noted that the development of social ecology contributes to the preservation of the Earth's ecosystem, so this discipline is quite important for future teachers to study, especially during the training of students of pedagogical specialties. Let's examine the formation of this doctrine and its practical value.
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Mukhametdinova, Svetlana, Evgenia Tyumentseva, Oleg Patlasov i Oleg Luchko. "Designing the reference architecture of human ecology on the basis of the methodology of the function oriented modelling". SHS Web of Conferences 101 (2021): 02016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202110102016.
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The dynamic nature of changes in the conditions of existence and functioning of modern communities requires comprehensive and integrated research in order to develop a reference architecture of human ecology, as a system of scientifically substantiated criteria for a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the impact of the external environment on various aspects of human life and the formation of a balanced strategy for managing social development. The paper presents one of the approaches to the design of the reference architecture of human ecology based on the methodology of the function oriented modelling and provides examples of models developed in accordance with the IDEF0 notation. The study identified the main stages in the design of the reference architecture of human ecology from collecting information to developing software that makes it possible to automate the processing of input information characterizing various factors affecting the quality of life of the population to developing the architecture of human ecology in a particular region or city and comparing it with the reference one.
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Arthur, Ronan F., Emily S. Gurley, Henrik Salje, Laura S. P. Bloomfield i James H. Jones. "Contact structure, mobility, environmental impact and behaviour: the importance of social forces to infectious disease dynamics and disease ecology". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 372, nr 1719 (13.03.2017): 20160454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0454.
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Human factors, including contact structure, movement, impact on the environment and patterns of behaviour, can have significant influence on the emergence of novel infectious diseases and the transmission and amplification of established ones. As anthropogenic climate change alters natural systems and global economic forces drive land-use and land-cover change, it becomes increasingly important to understand both the ecological and social factors that impact infectious disease outcomes for human populations. While the field of disease ecology explicitly studies the ecological aspects of infectious disease transmission, the effects of the social context on zoonotic pathogen spillover and subsequent human-to-human transmission are comparatively neglected in the literature. The social sciences encompass a variety of disciplines and frameworks for understanding infectious diseases; however, here we focus on four primary areas of social systems that quantitatively and qualitatively contribute to infectious diseases as social–ecological systems. These areas are social mixing and structure, space and mobility, geography and environmental impact, and behaviour and behaviour change. Incorporation of these social factors requires empirical studies for parametrization, phenomena characterization and integrated theoretical modelling of social–ecological interactions. The social–ecological system that dictates infectious disease dynamics is a complex system rich in interacting variables with dynamically significant heterogeneous properties. Future discussions about infectious disease spillover and transmission in human populations need to address the social context that affects particular disease systems by identifying and measuring qualitatively important drivers. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Opening the black box: re-examining the ecology and evolution of parasite transmission’.
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Heitschmidt, RK, i JW Walker. "Grazing Management: Technology for Sustaining Rangeland Ecosystems?" Rangeland Journal 18, nr 2 (1996): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9960194.
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This paper examines the ecological, economic, and social aspects of grazing management technology as it relates to sustaining rangeland ecosystems. We adopt FAO's definition of sustainable agriculture, that is, 'The management and conservation of the resource base and the orientation of technological and institutional changes in such a manner as to insure the attainment and continued satisfaction of human needs for present and future generations. Such sustainable development is environmentally non-degrading, technically appropriate, economically viable and socially acceptable." We explore the ecological aspects of grazing management as they relate to the need to balance solar energy capture and harvest efficiency so as to maximize productivity on a sustained basis. The long- term success or failure of all grazing strategies hinges around management's ability to control the frequency and severity of defoliation of individual plants over time and space. This is a particularly formidable challenge in rangeland environments because of high levels of environmental uncertainty. We then focus attention on the social aspects of grazing management. Grazing management is a social process by virtue of its human component and the major social dilemma encountered in grazed agroecosystems centers around the impacts that ever-increasing human desires have on rangeland resources. We examine the role of ecological economics and the impact of varying human value systems on management of rangeland resources. The fundamental problem encountered in the management of natural resources such as rangeland ecosystems is absence of perfect ecological knowledge. We conclude that the major social dilemma of grazing management stems largely from two phenomena: 1) supply side management tactics designed to meet ever increasing human demands; and 2) potential failure to accurately factor long-term ecological costs into present day value systems. As such, we conclude that current grazing management technology necessarily requires moderate rates of stocking be employed to insure rangeland agriculture (i.e. grazing) is ecologically sound, economically viable, and socially acceptable.
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Dobson, Andrew D. M., Emiel de Lange, Aidan Keane, Harriet Ibbett i E. J. Milner-Gulland. "Integrating models of human behaviour between the individual and population levels to inform conservation interventions". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, nr 1781 (29.07.2019): 20180053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0053.
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Conservation takes place within social–ecological systems, and many conservation interventions aim to influence human behaviour in order to push these systems towards sustainability. Predictive models of human behaviour are potentially powerful tools to support these interventions. This is particularly true if the models can link the attributes and behaviour of individuals with the dynamics of the social and environmental systems within which they operate. Here we explore this potential by showing how combining two modelling approaches (social network analysis, SNA, and agent-based modelling, ABM) could lead to more robust insights into a particular type of conservation intervention. We use our simple model, which simulates knowledge of ranger patrols through a hunting community and is based on empirical data from a Cambodian protected area, to highlight the complex, context-dependent nature of outcomes of information-sharing interventions, depending both on the configuration of the network and the attributes of the agents. We conclude by reflecting that both SNA and ABM, and many other modelling tools, are still too compartmentalized in application, either in ecology or social science, despite the strong methodological and conceptual parallels between their uses in different disciplines. Even a greater sharing of methods between disciplines is insufficient, however; given the impact of conservation on both the social and ecological aspects of systems (and vice versa), a fully integrated approach is needed, combining both the modelling approaches and the disciplinary insights of ecology and social science. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Linking behaviour to dynamics of populations and communities: application of novel approaches in behavioural ecology to conservation’.
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Heinen, Joel T., i Roberta (‘Bobbi’) S. Low. "Human Behavioural Ecology and Environmental Conservation". Environmental Conservation 19, nr 2 (1992): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900030575.
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We contend that humans, as living organisms, evolved to sequester resources to maximize reproductive success, and that many basic aspects of human behaviour reflect this evolutionary history. Much of the environment with which we currently deal is evolutionarily novel, and much behaviour which is ultimately not in our own interests, persists in this novel environment. Environmentalists frequently stress the need for ‘sustainable development’, however it is defined (seeRedclift, 1987), and we contend that a knowledge of how humans are likely to behave with regard to resource use, and therefore a knowledge of what kinds of programmes are likely to work in any particular situation, is necessary to achieve sustainability. Specifically, we predict that issues which are short-term, local, and/or acute, such as an immediate health-risk, will be much easier to solve than issues which are broad, and which affect individuals other than ourselves, our relatives, and our friends. The bigger the issue is, the less effective is likely to be the response. Hence, the biggest and most troublesome ecological issues will be the most difficult to solve —inter aliabecause of our evolutionary history as outlined above.This may not appear to bode well for the future of the world; for example, Molte (1988) contends that there are several hundred international environmental agreements in place, but Carroll (1988) contends that, in general, none of them is particularly effective if the criterion for effectiveness is a real solution to the problem. There are countless examples of ‘aggressors’ (those nations causing the problem) not complying with an agreement, slowing its ratification, or reducing its effectiveness (e.g.the USversusCanada, or Great BritainversusSweden, with regard to acid rain legislation: Fig. 1,cf.Bjorkbom, 1988). The main problem in these cases is that the costs are externalized and hence discounted by those receiving the benefits of being able to pollute. Any proposed change is bound to conflict with existing social structures, and negotiations necessarily involve compromise in aquid pro quofashion (Brewer, 1980). We contend, along with Caldwell (1988) and Putnam (1988), that nations are much too large to think of as individual actors in these spheres. Interest groups within nations can affect ratification of international environmental treaties; for example, automobile industry interestsversusthose of environmental NGOs in the USA on the acid rain issue. It may even be that our evolutionary history is inimical to the entire concept of the modern nation state.Barring major, global, socio-political upheaval, we suggest that a knowledge of the evolution of resource use by humans can be used to solve at least some resource-related problems in modern industrial societies. In some cases, these can probably be solved with information alone, and in other cases, the problems can probably be solved by playing on our evolutionary history as social reciprocators; environmental problems which tend to be relatively local and short-term may be solvable in these ways. Economic incentives can provide solutions to many other types of problems by manipulating the cost and benefits to individuals. We suggest that broader, large-scale environmental problems are much more difficult to solve than narrower, small-scale ones, precisely because humans have evolved to discount such themes; stringent regulations and the formation of coalitions, combined with economic incentives to use alternatives and economic disincentives (fines) not to do so, may be the only potential solutions to some major, transboundary environmental issues.In preparing this argument, we have reviewed literature from many scholarly fields well outside the narrow scope of our expertise in behavioural ecology and wildlife conservation. Our reading of many works from anthropology, economics, political science, public policy, and international development, will doubtless seem naïve and simplistic to practitioners of those fields, and solving all environmental problems will ultimately take expertise from all of these fields and more. In general, however, we have found agreement for many of our ideas from these disparate disciplines, but much of their literature does not allow for a rigorous, quantitative hypothesis-testing approach to analysing the main thesis presented here — an approach that we, as scientists, would encourage. We hope to challenge people interested in environmental issues from many perspectives, to consider our arguments and find evidence,proorcon, so that we (collectively) may come closer to a better analysis of, and ultimately to solutions for, our most pressing environmental problems.
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Zanotti, Laura, Courtney Carothers, Charlene Aqpik Apok, Sarah Huang, Jesse Coleman i Charlotte Ambrozek. "Political ecology and decolonial research: co-production with the Iñupiat in Utqiaġvik". Journal of Political Ecology 27, nr 1 (28.01.2020): 43–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v27i1.23335.
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Environmental social science research designs have shifted over the past several decades to include an increased commitment to multi-, inter-, and transdisciplinary team-based work that have had dual but complementary foci. These address power and equity in the substantive aspects of research, and also to adopt more engaged forms of practice, including decolonial approaches. The fields of political ecology, human geography, and environmental anthropology have been especially open to converge with indigenous scholarship, particularly decolonial and settler colonial theories and research designs, within dominant human-environmental social science paradigms. Scholars at the forefront of this dialogue highlight the ontological (ways of knowing), epistemological (how we know), and institutional (institutions of higher education) transformations that need to occur in order for this to take place. In this article we contribute to this literature in two ways. First, we highlight the synergies between political ecology and decolonial scholarship, particularly focusing on the power dynamics in research programs and historical legacies of human-environmental relationships, including those of researchers. Second, we explore how decolonial research pushes political ecologists and other environmental social scientists to not only consider adopting international and local standards of working with, by and for Indigenous Peoples within research programs but how this work ultimately extends to research and education within their home institutions and organizations. Through integrating decolonized research practices in the environmental social sciences, we argue that synthesizing multiple knowledge practices and transforming institutional structures will enhance team-based environmental social science work to improve collaboration with Indigenous scientists, subsistence practitioners, agency representatives, and sovereign members of Indigenous communities.Keywords: Alaska; collaboration; co-production; decolonial; Indigenous Knowledges; Iñupiaq Peoples
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McCaffrey, Sarah, Eric Toman, Melanie Stidham i Bruce Shindler. "Social science research related to wildfire management: an overview of recent findings and future research needs". International Journal of Wildland Fire 22, nr 1 (2013): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf11115.
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As with other aspects of natural-resource management, the approach to managing wildland fires has evolved over time as scientific understanding has advanced and the broader context surrounding management decisions has changed. Prior to 2000 the primary focus of most fire research was on the physical and ecological aspects of fire; social science research was limited to a small number of studies. However, as more people moved into fire-prone areas interest grew in understanding relevant social dynamics. This growing interest was supported by increased funding for fire research overall with the creation of the Joint Fire Science Program in 1998 and the National Fire Plan in 2000. In subsequent years, a significant body of research has developed on the human dimensions of wildland fire covering diverse topics including: attitudes towards pre-fire mitigation, social acceptability of fire and fuels management, community preparedness, public response during fires, citizen–agency communications and post-fire recovery. This paper reports on two aspects of a Joint Fire Science Program project intended to take stock of the key social science lessons provided to date: a basic review of findings in the non-economic fire social science literature and identification of future research needs.
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Gutry-Korycka, Małgorzata. "The Management of the Globe’s Resources in the Light of Recent Papal Encyclicals". Papers on Global Change IGBP 23, nr 1 (1.01.2016): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/igbp-2016-0008.
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Abstract This paper focuses mainly on human ecology and social-geography related aspects of the Encyclicals issued and published in the course of the three last Pontificates – i.e. those of John Paul II, Benedict XVI and Francis, as addressed to both the faithful of the Roman Catholic Church and all people of good will. In his Encyclicals, the late Pope John Paul II is seen to refer to contemporary problems pervading and perplexing the world, drawing particular attention to the further development of civilisation and to social (i.e. social inequality) aspects and changes ongoing. Holy Father John Paul II refers inter alia to a perceived boundary between wellbeing and poverty running within the same societies, be these highly developed or only just embarking on the path of development, and also offers very profound justification for the idea that the fundamental unit of human ecology is the family, as the foundation of both life and development. Consideration is then given to a 6-part Encyclical issued by Pope Benedict XVI, it being noted how His Holiness’s point of view, and way of looking at the sustainable development of the environment and the Earth is presented in a concrete, synthetic and very concise manner. For his part, Pope Francis in his Laudato Si Encyclical – is shown to detail profound cause-effect linkage between the present economic situation globally and the huge disparities within and between societies. Also highlighted is His Holiness’s proposal that a so-called integral ecology be introduced. The paper’s author concludes by recalling other recent (July 2016) events that are also of exceptional relevance to the subject, i.e. the World Youth Days held in Kraków with the participation of Pope Francis. Here, special reference is made to content in which His Holiness addresses current challenges to the several million young people present, and puts forward views regarding a new social and human revolution.
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Thiel, Cora S., Vladimir Pletser i Bernard Foing. "Human crew-related aspects for astrobiology research". International Journal of Astrobiology 10, nr 3 (18.05.2011): 255–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1473550411000152.
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AbstractSeveral space agencies and exploration stakeholders have a strong interest in obtaining information on technical and human aspects to prepare for future extra-terrestrial planetary exploration. In this context, the EuroGeoMars campaign, organized with support from the International Lunar Exploration Working Group (ILEWG), the European Space Agency (ESA), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center and partner institutes, was conducted by the crews 76 and 77 in February 2009 in The Mars Society's ‘Mars Desert Research Station’ (MDRS) in Utah.The EuroGeoMars encompasses two groups of experiments: (1) a series of field science experiments that can be conducted from an extra-terrestrial planetary surface in geology, biology, astronomy/astrophysics and the necessary technology and networks to support these field investigations; (2) a series of human crew-related investigations on crew time organization in a planetary habitat, on the different functions and interfaces of this habitat, and on man–machine interfaces of science and technical equipment.This paper recalls the objective of the EuroGeoMars project and presents the MDRS and its habitat layout. Social and operational aspects during simulations are described. Technical and operational aspects of biology investigations in the field and in the habitat laboratory are discussed in detail with the focus point set on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection of microbial DNA in soil samples.
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Fernandes, Heitor B. F., i Michael A. Woodley. "Aspects of the Physical and Social Ecology Affect Human Capital and Intelligence, Directly and Indirectly, in Italy, Spain and Mexico". Mankind Quarterly 57, nr 3 (2017): 375–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.46469/mq.2017.57.3.7.
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Degterenko, A. N. "TOPICAL ASPECTS OF FORMING ECOLOGICAL CULTURE AT THE MODERN STAGE". Современная высшая школа инновационный аспект, nr 4 (2020): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7442/2071-9620-2020-12-4-110-117.
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A nowadays topical issue of the interactions between man, society and nature, reflected in the system of scientific knowledge of the new concepts and terms, with the content focus to make human development global, promoting the change of his moral values and orientations, is discussed. It is stressed that the importance of the above problem increases in the conditions, when world community is in transit to ‘green economy’, the key aspects of it being maximum rationalization of natural resources utilization and creating harmony between economy, social policy and ecology. It is assumed, that to correspond to the tendencies in the global community, the system of Russian education must have a niche to account for the potential global changes. It is noted that the topicality of forming ecological culture of specialists in the system of professional education increases after a number of federal and regional laws have been passed within the last decade. It is noted, that some Russian scientific pedagogical researches disclosed theoretical and practical aspects of forming the ecological culture in detail, including ecological education and upbringing, methods of diagnosing and forming ecological culture, problems the connections between ecology and educational environment and formation anfd development of students’ ecological outlook.
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Bukhtiyarov, Igor V., Valeriy A. Kaptsov, Evgeniy E. Shigan, Lyudmila P. Kuzmina, Nina B. Rubtsova, Lyudmila V. Prokopenko i Vsevolod N. Sergeev. "Boris Tikhonovich Velichkovsky – life in science (to the 95th birthday)". Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology, nr 10 (18.02.2019): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2018-10-4-6.
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The article presents information about the life and work of Boris Tikhonovich Velichkovsky — a famous scientist, specialist in the field of occupational health in XX-XXI centuries. His scientific interests encompassed all aspects of preserving workers’ health, ranging from comprehensive studies of occupational respiratory diseases, molecular biology and ecology to creation of a new scientific medical discipline — human social biology focused solely on saving the nation and preserving health of working population.
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Maulana, Muhammad Rifqi, i Denny Nugroho Sugianto. "Study of Social Vulnerability of Climate Change at the Mountain Ecosystem". E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018): 02023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187302023.
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Climate change is a global phenomenon, where the impact will be experienced by all parts of the world. One of the areas studied was Indonesia. Climate change in Indonesia has the direct and indirect effect on aspects of human life. Climate change can cause ecosystem disturbances. One of which is a mountainous ecosystem on Mount Rinjani, Lombok Island. The mountain ecosystem is very similar to the climate in Indonesia, this will have a special impact on the agricultural sectors. Therefore it is necessary to know the level in their environment. This paper will discuss social measurement parameters and their impact on climate in mountain ecosystems. The main factors are ecosystems (control environment, settlement patterns), ecology (forest cover, cliff conditions) and economy (livelihood & income / natural resources).
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Skubiak, Beata, Mirosław Broniewicz i Paulina Grabowska. "Counteracting climate change in the context of implementing sustainable development in economic and social aspects". Economics and Environment 88, nr 1 (8.04.2024): 785. http://dx.doi.org/10.34659/eis.2024.88.1.785.
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The aim of the article is to present the current state of knowledge about climate change, the causes of these changes, and potential effects, both environmental, economic, and social. To achieve the formulated goal, the author attempts to interpret original research results in the area of climate change, as well as actions taken (at various levels) in the field of climate policy. This is intended to answer the question of whether the idea of sustainable development at the social and economic level is realistic in the context of climate policy. In the ongoing debate, the problem of adaptation to climate change has given way to the problem of pollutant emissions, and the available scientific knowledge is insufficient to predict what changes the climate will undergo in the coming decades and what impact humans will have on these changes. Based on the analyses carried out, the author of the article concludes that emphasis should be placed on solutions that support human well-being and minimise losses. Environmental protection, if it is to remain a science, must take responsibility for the entire environment, including human well-being, and cannot be done at the expense of human beings because it destroys the natural social order. The article verifies the following hypothesis: decisions made in the field of climate policy are insufficiently justified by scientific research, which provides irrefutable facts.
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Kappeler, Peter M., Sylvia Cremer i Charles L. Nunn. "Sociality and health: impacts of sociality on disease susceptibility and transmission in animal and human societies". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 370, nr 1669 (26.05.2015): 20140116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0116.
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This paper introduces a theme issue presenting the latest developments in research on the impacts of sociality on health and fitness. The articles that follow cover research on societies ranging from insects to humans. Variation in measures of fitness (i.e. survival and reproduction) has been linked to various aspects of sociality in humans and animals alike, and variability in individual health and condition has been recognized as a key mediator of these relationships. Viewed from a broad evolutionary perspective, the evolutionary transitions from a solitary lifestyle to group living have resulted in several new health-related costs and benefits of sociality. Social transmission of parasites within groups represents a major cost of group living, but some behavioural mechanisms, such as grooming, have evolved repeatedly to reduce this cost. Group living also has created novel costs in terms of altered susceptibility to infectious and non-infectious disease as a result of the unavoidable physiological consequences of social competition and integration, which are partly alleviated by social buffering in some vertebrates. Here, we define the relevant aspects of sociality, summarize their health-related costs and benefits, and discuss possible fitness measures in different study systems. Given the pervasive effects of social factors on health and fitness, we propose a synthesis of existing conceptual approaches in disease ecology, ecological immunology and behavioural neurosciences by adding sociality as a key factor, with the goal to generate a broader framework for organismal integration of health-related research.
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Thamrin, H. "Management aspects of indigenous lands in environmental conservation". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 894, nr 1 (1.11.2021): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/894/1/012026.
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Abstract This study is intended to analyze the management aspects of indigenous lands in environmental conservation. This research applies qualitative grounded research methods from the sociology-anthropology-ecology—research shop in Riau Province. The results of the study found that many indigenous peoples had lost their indigenous lands and local wisdom. Therefore, to maintain the sustainability of indigenous land conservation, it is necessary to carry out eco-culture management by considering the following points: First, the right to self-determination regarding the cultural identity one has. The second is territorial rights and indigenous land. The third is collective human rights. Fourth is cultural rights. Fifth is the right to adhere to their own religious and moral belief system and values. Sixth is the right not to be discriminated. Seventh is the right to participate fully in the political process. Eighth is the right to obtain compensation for any activities that have a detrimental impact on the environment and social, cultural, spiritual and moral values. This eco-cultural management perspective needs to be implemented in the government’s socio-political policies, people’s economic policies and ecological sustainability policies.
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Szostek, Krzysztof. "Variability of trace element content in human tooth sequences – a multivariate analysis". Anthropological Review 61 (30.12.1998): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1898-6773.61.04.
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Analyses of human bone material expand our knowledge of aspects of modern and historical population ecology, the etiology of diseases, reconstruction of historical diets, and the social and economic status of human groups. 35 adult lower jaw tooth sequences from the 17lh-century Cracow population were analysed. The skeletons were found in crypts of the medieval St. Mark’s church, following international standards. Levels of Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd were determined in undamaged permanent teeth PI, P2, Ml, M2 and M3, using anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV), while strontium concentrations were determined using AAS method. There were statistically significant differences in the levels of the analysed trace elements within the investigated tooth sequences. High interspecimen variability in the amount of accumulated microelements, probably resulting from nutritional, developmental and physiological stress, was also observed. The accumulation of Pb, Cd and Zn was the highest in M3 teeth and the lowest in M l. The results indicate that only one type of teeth should be used for intergroup and intragroup comparison of trace element content.
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G, Rajeswari. "Thiruvalluvar’s Concept of Cultural Ecology". International Research Journal of Tamil 2, nr 3 (7.07.2020): 202–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt20320.
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Thirukkural, global literature does not only talk about human behaviours which are to be glorified. It also proposes bright cut ideas about the relationship between humans and nature. The attention of the modern world is on environmental issues. The fast developments due to science and technology resulted in destroying nature. Due to industrial-based products and for the sake of the sophisticated life of the modern man, we left the nature for destruction. And now humanity faces the consequences. It is a general truth that the literature reflects the social issues of that time of its outcome. One can notice that the recent creative literature of Tamil talks about environmental aspects of the globe and the local areas. Thirukkural also deals with the issues of nature and it proposes the ideal relationship between man and nature, which is the concern of this paper. Thiruvalluvar says that the whole world depends on water. All the activities in the world cannot be possible if the rain fails. All the activities of living creatures, including humans, depend on water. Start with food production and leading to every activity are depends on rain. So Tiruvalluvar concludes that the relationship between humans and nature depends on water i.e. is rain. The paper concludes that the concept of Thiukkural towards nature is the dependency of humanity.
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Schreg, Rainer. "Ecological Approaches in Medieval Rural Archaeology". European Journal of Archaeology 17, nr 1 (2014): 83–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1461957113y.0000000045.
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In recent years, scientific methods of bio- and geoarchaeology have become increasingly important for archaeological research. Political changes since the 1990s have reshaped the archaeological community. At the same time environmental topics have gained importance in modern society, but the debate lacks an historical understanding. Regarding medieval rural archaeology, we need to ask how this influences our archaeological research on medieval settlements, and how ecological approaches fit into the self-concept of medieval archaeology as a primarily historical discipline. Based mainly on a background in German medieval archaeology, this article calls attention to more complex ecological research questions. Medieval village formation and the late medieval crisis are taken as examples to sketch some hypotheses and research questions. The perspective of a village ecosystem helps bring together economic aspects, human ecology and environmental history. There are several implications for archaeological theory as well as for archaeological practice. Traditional approaches from landscape archaeology are insufficient to understand the changes within village ecosystems. We need to consider social aspects and subjective recognition of the environment by past humans as a crucial part of human–nature interaction. Use of the perspective of village ecosystems as a theoretical background offers a way to examine individual historical case studies with close attention to human agency. Thinking in terms of human ecology and environmental history raises awareness of some interrelations that are crucial to understanding past societies and cultural change.
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Smith-Nonini, Sandy. "Making Complexity Your Friend: Reframing Social Theory for the Anthropocene". Weather, Climate, and Society 9, nr 4 (23.08.2017): 687–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-16-0124.1.
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Abstract This article uses the dilemma of climate change as an entry point to explore the utility of a complexity framework for a more comprehensive social science of environmental sustainability. A theory of complex adaptive systems (CAS) is especially appropriate for the Anthropocene, a newly proposed geological period defined around humanity’s impact on the biosphere. Aspects of complexity theory have been entering public consciousness through popular accounts of climate “tipping points” and “emergent” change—the risk that Earth’s climate could shift into a new pattern in a relatively short time period. Social structures, including capitalism, are complex systems, as are social movements. The paper reviews CAS research with special attention to applications in social ecology. It discusses two case studies of exemplary research on human management of environmental resources and one case study of the antiglobalization movement, all conceived within a complexity framework. The central argument is that complexity thinking will enhance social studies of sustainability and efforts to create a more resilient economy and biosphere.
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Tuszyńska, Ligia. "Edukacja ekologiczna w perspektywie zrównoważonego rozwoju". Studies in Global Ethics and Global Education 7 (25.10.2017): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.5431.
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Human ecology is a science of mutual relations between human population and natural habitat. It uses complex approach to research many aspects of human life, especially human dynamic relations with the closest environment: family, home, nature and local community, and creating healthy environment for everyday life. There is a new challenge for pedagogy, i.e. forming human ecological awareness defined as knowledge of environment. There is also an issue of competencies and active practices for environmental protection. Ecological pedagogy, in its assumptions, does not support the idea of anthropocentrism conceived as human being’s dominance over nature; its idea is education for coexistence and human protection of nature in order to maintain it for next generations and achieve sustainable development. The aim of this article is to draw attention to the level of ecological awareness of the society, including teachers, as well as specific features of education for sustainable development as social practices.
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Chemelil, Philip, Babere Kerata Chacha i Peter Waweru. "Sacred Ecology of an African Landscape: Evidence from the Mau Forest Complex, 1600-1895". International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation X, nr XII (2024): 621–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.51244/ijrsi.2023.1012047.
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The study is a historical examination of the spiritual dimensions and sacredness of the Mau forests; the nature of engagements and benefits obtained from sacred forests; governance practices and dynamics aspects of sacred forests; and the implications of dynamics on human-ecology interaction sustainability among the Ogiek. The study equally portrays the effects of human intrusions on the state of sacred forests and their provisions. Before the advent of colonialism, communities in and around the Mau Forest had elaborate traditional systems of forest land utilization. Indigenous religious beliefs and practices served to maintain a harmonious relationship with the natural environment. Thus, this paper offers an in- depth historical study of how religion was used to conserve the Mau Forest, arguing that present-day ecological challenges are best solved when one first understands the underlying historical topography, and when strategies based on modern practices are modified by blending them with indigenous practices. In doing so, I propose a model of political ecology that considers cultural, social and religious change dimensions of African history.
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Mayorova, Elena, Valeriya Ravcheeva, Alice Savkina i Victoria Shershneva. "LEGAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS OF THE USE OF URBAN FORESTS IN MOSCOW". Advances in Law Studies 11, nr 4 (27.12.2023): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2409-5087-2023-11-4-41-45.
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The subject of the article is both legal and social aspects of the use of urban forests in Moscow among which are the destruction of urban forests, the uncertainty of the definition and status of urban forests. The article considers the question of how the urban forests of the capital of the country are used and how this correlates with legal norms and social needs of citizens.
The concentration of population in cities is becoming a global trend. The level of urbanization is reaching higher and higher indicators every day. Living in urban agglomerations isolated from nature leads to many health problems of citizens. The task of increasing the comfort of the urban environment could be solved by arrays of urban forests. It is known that forest vegetation has a huge positive impact on human health and emotional state. However, their use does not always correspond to legal norms and the interests of citizens.
The article aims to investigate the relationship between the state of urban forests and the level of comfort of the urban environment, to identify specific factors that negatively affect the state of green spaces as well as to analyze social opinion about the problem. The article reveals the ecological significance of urban forests: they are a place for recreation, recreation, sports, and walks, in addition, they perform an important ecological function, maintaining balance in the natural environment and improving air quality, and describes the features of the dangerous state in which they are located.
To study the legal and social aspects of the use of urban forests, the following methods were used: analysis of legislative acts regulating the use of urban forests and the study of the practice of their application, the study of expert opinions in the field of ecology law and sociology monitoring the use of urban forests in Moscow (identification of social aspects of forest use) a survey of residents of Moscow to find out their opinion about the use of urban forests and to assess the social significance of forests for city residents, analysis of statistical data on the importance of urban forests for city residents.
As a result of the research legal and managerial problems were identified and practical solutions were proposed. Futhermore, it is important not to forget about the cooperation of city authorities, environmental organizations and the public in order to create an effective urban forest management system that would take into account the interests of all stakeholders and allow preserving this important resource for urban ecology and the health of residents. The results of the study can be used to develop recommendations for improving the use of urban forests, additionally for making decisions in the field of management and protection of the urban environment.
The forest as an ecosystem located within a megalopolis is under threat of destruction. It is important that the use of urban forests is regulated by legislation and carried out within the framework of established rules and regulations. The use of Moscow's urban forests should be carried out taking into account their legal status and social significance, which will help ensure the preservation of these valuable environmental resources. The problem requires an integrated approach, including management measures, public involvement, scientific research and information campaigns. The sum of these decisions and the changes associated with them will help ensure the preservation of valuable environmental resources for future generations.
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Moreira, Gilvanio. "From Gestell to Deep Ecology: resonances of Martin Heidegger's thought in the contemporary ecophilosophical scenario". Cadernos de Filosofia Alemã: Crítica e Modernidade 29, nr 1 (20.06.2024): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2318-9800.v29i1p.31-46.
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The article discusses the impact of Martin Heidegger's (1889-1976) late thinking on the general lines of current ecological thought, which, in theory, would come close to the German author's criticism of the Gestell phenomenon. In fact, although in some aspects it is close and in others it distances itself from Heidegger's original project, this discussion resonates with some contemporary authors, such as Michel Maffesoli and Félix Guattari. In this sense, the work aims to demonstrate the extent to which Heidegger's criticism of the Gestell phenomenon has repercussions on this sphere of activity of Ecosophy, which, in general terms, seeks to rescue a multidimensional relationship (aesthetic-political-social-environmental) between the human being and the natural eco (oikos).
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Tatarinov, Konstantin A., Nikolai N. Anikienko, Inna A. Savchenko i Sergei M. Muzyka. "FEATURES OF THE DIGITAL AGE". EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 12/3, nr 141 (2023): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2023.12.03.019.
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The development of digitalization causes irreversible changes in society and the environment. Issues of human dignity, quality of life, biodiversity conservation, planetary and local ecology, energy and resource consumption, and human interaction with humanoid machines are on the agenda. Some of them require immediate solutions, for example, the complete recycling of electronic waste, while others require many years of international discussion, for example, changing the nature of intellectual work. Although the development of digital technologies is dynamic, it cannot be definitively assessed and it is already obvious that this process is unmanageable and focused solely on economic goals. Unfortunately, social and environmental goals in today’s model of digitalization are secondary, since economic interests prevail in modern society. In the digital format, human dignity must remain a central, unchanging guideline, since without borders and frameworks, global digital transformation will create an even greater threat to the existence of mankind. The article presents specific proposals for achieving social goals and meaningful recommendations on various aspects of digitalization. The focus is on the problems of preserving human dignity and preventing environmental disasters.
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Malinowska, Ewa. "Płeć kulturowa a przestrzeń społeczna". Kultura i Społeczeństwo 52, nr 3 (9.07.2008): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/kis.2008.52.3.5.
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This work is an attempt to apply Florian Znaniecki’s concept of human ecology to an analysis of the functioning and transformation of a patriarchal society. It tackles the issue of the spatial aspects of how a patriarchy functions, whose identification – and especially their sociological description and explanation – become possible or more comprehensive using the said concept. These issues are (1) the impact of gender on the experience of the space and (2) gender communities vs. space – the socio-spatial manifestations of the social balancing of the status of men and women. The author’s reflection is theoretical and concerns the patriarchal model of society.
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Amaral, Anderson Márcio. "A ECOLOGIA DE ASSENTAMENTOS, INTERAÇÕES SOCIAIS AMERÍNDIAS E O CONTEXTO GEOGRÁFICO DOS MUIRAQUITÃS NO BAIXO AMAZONAS." Cadernos do LEPAARQ (UFPEL) 15, nr 30 (30.11.2018): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.15210/lepaarq.v15i30.13816.
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Este artigo aborda a importância da paisagem e as correlações entre ecologia de assentamentos humanos e a construção do tecido social entre sociedades ameríndias no período pré-colonial e colonial no baixo Amazonas, precocemente fomentadas pelas redes de troca. Nas crônicas ibéricas sobre o Rio das Amazonas dos séculos XVI e XVII, são mencionados aspectos relacionados à paisagem cultural de Santarém, tida como o centro político dos Tapajós, em uma extensa área entre os municípios de Juruti e Prainha. Microrregiões do oeste paraense, que estavam politicamente integradas por sistemas de chefias regionais, foram nomeadas de província de São João por Gaspar de Carvajal. Trata-se da mesma área das províncias arqueológicas de Santarém-Nhamundá-Trombetas, historicamente vinculadas como centros de produção e circulação de objetos de pedras verdes conhecidos como muiraquitãs. A relativa abundância de informações históricas relacionadas à ecologia de assentamentos, produção de bens de prestígio e interações sociais complexas intra e extra área Santarém esbarrava na ausência de base de dados arqueológicos que pudesse dar sustentação às crônicas. Essa problemática vem sendo contornada nas últimas duas décadas com a publicação de dados de pesquisa na região do Baixo Amazonas e, mais recentemente, na costa oriental amazônica, corroborando informações históricas e fornecendo os aportes necessários à elaboração perguntas e respostas, relacionadas à ecologia de assentamentos na área Santarém e interações sociais de longa distância na antiga Amazônia. Abstract: This article discusses the importance of landscape and the correlations between the ecology of human settlements and the construction of the social tessitura between Amerindian societies in the pre-colonial and colonial times in the lower Amazonas, precocious fomented by the exchange networks. In the Iberian chronicles on the River of the Amazons of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, aspects related to the cultural landscape of Santarém, considered as the political center of the Tapajós Indians, and of an extensive area between the municipalities of Juruti and Prainha, microregions of western Paraense, that were politically integrated, by systems of regional heads, being named of province of São João by Gaspar Carvajal. It is the same area of the archaeological provinces of Santarem-Nhamundá-Trombetas, historically linked as centers of production and circulation of objects of green stones known as muiraquitãs. The relative abundance of historical information related to settling ecology, production of prestige goods and complex social interactions in and out of the Santarém area, ran up against the absence of an archaeological database that could sustain the chronicles. This problem has been overcome in the last two decades with the publication of research data in the Amazon region and more recently on the eastern Amazon coast, corroborating historical information and providing the necessary inputs in the elaboration of questions and answers related to the ecology of settlements in the area Santarém and long-distance social interactions in the ancient Amazon.
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PARKER, MELISSA, i IAN HARPER. "THE ANTHROPOLOGY OF PUBLIC HEALTH". Journal of Biosocial Science 38, nr 1 (23.11.2005): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932005001148.
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The Journal of Biosocial Science regularly publishes papers addressing the social and cultural aspects of disease, sickness and well-being. Most of these papers attempt to understand the prevalence and distribution of disease and sickness within and between populations as well as local responses to biomedical interventions and public health policy more generally. They fall broadly within the remit of human ecology; and they embrace a ‘factorial’ model of disease in which social and cultural factors are deemed to be just one of a number of factors to be considered alongside a range of other factors. These include biological features of the infecting organism; nutritional factors; environmental factors; psychological factors; and genetic factors influencing susceptibility to disease at an individual and population level.
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Qu, Feng. "Rice Ecology and Ecological Relations: An Ontological Analysis of the Jiangjunya Masks and Crop Images from China's East Coast". Cambridge Archaeological Journal 29, nr 4 (10.06.2019): 571–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774319000210.
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Depictions of human faces and rice-crop images found at the Jiangjunya rock-art site in Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province, China, reveal entangling relationships between spiritual and economic aspects. Drawing on the relational ecology model and animist ontology theory, the author provides an analysis of the Jiangjunya rock art in its economic, social, spiritual and historical contexts, proposing that prehistoric farmers along China's east coast perceived rice plants as relating to persons. Rice was conceptualized not in utilitarian terms as a means of subsistence (used and consumed by humans) but rather as subjects capable of action. The human masks of Jiangjunya hence suggest a personhood for rice, rather than representing humans or anthropomorphic gods. Furthermore, the history of the Jiangjunya rock-art site corresponds with the history of local economics. The relational ontologies might have transformed gradually from human–animal interactions in the Late Palaeolithic and Early Neolithic periods to human–plant interactions in Late Neolithic societies. The author concludes that the art site was possibly treated as a mnemonic maintaining interpersonal and intersubjective relationships across thousands of years.
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GIORDANO, JAMES, JOAN C. ENGEBRETSON i ROLAND BENEDIKTER. "Culture, Subjectivity, and the Ethics of Patient-Centered Pain Care". Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 18, nr 1 (styczeń 2009): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180108090087.
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Even the most scientifically reductionist view of the individual reveals that we are complex systems nested within complex systems. These interactions within and among systems are based and depend on numerous variables of our (internal and external) environment(s). If we define ethics as a system of moral decision making, then it becomes clear that these decisions ultimately affect the situation(s) of managing our activities and relationships with others in our environment (in essence, our being in the world). Given that ecology literally means “a study or system of wisdom and reasoning about the interrelation of organisms in their environment or place of inhabitance,” Owen Flanagan's description of ethics as “human ecology” takes on considerable relevance and importance.
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Checchi, Conrado Marques da Silva. "O bem viver: uma proposta para reaprender a sonhar com o mundo". MOTRICIDADES: Revista da Sociedade de Pesquisa Qualitativa em Motricidade Humana 5, nr 2 (13.09.2021): 250–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.29181/2594-6463-2021-v5-n2-p250-263.
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ResumoApresento neste ensaio a perspectiva indígena de Bem Viver como possível anúncio para desconstrução de aspectos coloniais que persistem em moldar de modo exploratório as relações entre seres humanos e meio ambiente, haja vista que cada vez mais tem se propagado sob o horizonte do Planeta Terra um véu de devastação e destruição pelo estímulo desenvolvimentista. Recorro à ecologia dos saberes para pautar um pensamento que renuncie a lógica de apropriação e violência empregada na anulação da diversidade epistêmica dos conhecimentos de diversos povos. Como anúncio, me valho de perspectivas indígenas frente aos sonhos como possibilidade de outro entendimento sobre a vigília, em virtude de neles serem transfigurados os contatos despertos com o mundo, transformando experiências e dotando as dinâmicas sociais com profundos significados.Palavras-chave: Sonho. Bem Viver. Ecologia de Saberes. Well-living: a proposal to relearn how to dream about the worldAbstractIn this essay I present the indigenous perspective of Well-Living as a possible advertisement for the deconstruction of colonial aspects that persist in shaping the relations between human beings and the environment in an exploratory way, given that a veil of devastation has spread under the horizon of Planet Earth and destruction by developmental stimulus. I resort to the ecology of knowledge to guide a thought that renounces the logic of appropriation and violence used in the annulment of the epistemic diversity of knowledge of different peoples. As an advertisement, I use indigenous perspectives in the face of dreams as a possibility for another understanding of wakefulness, as awakened contacts with the world are transfigured in them, transforming experiences and endowing social dynamics with deep meanings.Keywords: Dream. Well-Living. Ecology of Knowledge. Buen vivir: una propuesta para reaprender a soñar con el mundoResumenEn este ensayo presento la perspectiva indígena de Buen Vivir como un posible anuncio de la deconstrucción de aspectos coloniales que persisten en configurar de manera exploratoria las relaciones entre el ser humano y el medio ambiente, dado que un velo se ha extendido cada vez más bajo el horizonte de Planeta Tierra de devastación y destrucción por el estímulo del desarrollo. Recurro a la ecología de saberes para orientar un pensamiento que renuncia a la lógica de apropiación y violencia empleada en la anulación de la diversidad epistémica del saber de los diferentes pueblos. A modo de publicidad utilizo las perspectivas indígenas frente a los sueños como posibilidad de otra comprensión de la vigilia, pues en ellos se transfiguran los contactos despiertos con el mundo, transformando vivencias y dotando de significados profundos a las dinámicas sociales.Palabras clave: Sueño. Buen Vivir. Ecología de Saberes.
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Ociepka-Kubicka, Agnieszka. "Modernity and ecology in the aspect of a packaging industry company management". E3S Web of Conferences 46 (2018): 00024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184600024.
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The article discusses the issue of innovativeness in the area of packaging with reference to the balanced development. It also presents the threats of the packaging industry to the natural environment and the methods and tools of their restriction. The importance of biodegradable packaging and packaging from recycled materials is stressed. Moreover, the problems of the burdensomeness of packaging products and the packaging manufacturers are emphasised. Modern enterprises must implement pro-ecological, innovative activities, both at the level of production and the company’s management. The changing economic conditions and the social pressure result in the new company’s management goals - alongside the production, financial and other aspects. These new goals refer to the widely understood environment, and human life and health. The analysis of the innovative and pro-ecological activities implementation was presented on the example of a modern, dynamically developing joint stock company, United Packaging S.A., producing packaging from corrugated board with the increased water resistance for food industry, household chemicals and electronic industry.
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Atiquzzaman, Professor Sharif. "Ecocritical Reading in Select Works of Rabindranath Tagore". BL College Journal 5, nr 2 (1.12.2023): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.62106/blc2023v5i2eg5.
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Ecocriticism, as an interdisciplinary field of study, has added significant facets to literary criticism. We notice that the recent ecocritical philosophies have been reflected with gravity in Rabindranath Tagore’s works before it was recognised as a discourse. The eco-consciousness that he carefully cultivated in his life was portrayed with great emphasis in his literary and artistic creations. Tagore believed that literature could be a useful tool to reduce environmental disasters and promote the ecosystem by developing consciousness through it. Tagore deemed that the rocky and cruel earth was made habitable only by growing trees. Tree to him was the life founder. So he always sought the development of a close bond between men and trees. With his mystic and spiritual perception of nature, he tried to relocate man’s position in nature. His plays like ‘Raktakarabi’, ‘Muktodhara’, ‘Srabangatha’, a good number of poems, and his paintings show his ideas about deep ecology, shallow ecology, ecofeminism, social ecology, ecophobia, and the other aspects of ecocriticism. Segregation of humans from nature is declined in the concept of deep ecology. In some of his writings and lectures, Tagore defended the notion of kinship between man and nature. The idea, that human beings, should take care of nature for their own sake, is related to shallow ecology, and Tagore as the defender of nature worshipped it as a source of regeneration.
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Pouw, Wim, Shannon Proksch, Linda Drijvers, Marco Gamba, Judith Holler, Christopher Kello, Rebecca S. Schaefer i Geraint A. Wiggins. "Multilevel rhythms in multimodal communication". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376, nr 1835 (23.08.2021): 20200334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0334.
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It is now widely accepted that the brunt of animal communication is conducted via several modalities, e.g. acoustic and visual, either simultaneously or sequentially. This is a laudable multimodal turn relative to traditional accounts of temporal aspects of animal communication which have focused on a single modality at a time. However, the fields that are currently contributing to the study of multimodal communication are highly varied, and still largely disconnected given their sole focus on a particular level of description or their particular concern with human or non-human animals. Here, we provide an integrative overview of converging findings that show how multimodal processes occurring at neural, bodily, as well as social interactional levels each contribute uniquely to the complex rhythms that characterize communication in human and non-human animals. Though we address findings for each of these levels independently, we conclude that the most important challenge in this field is to identify how processes at these different levels connect. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Synchrony and rhythm interaction: from the brain to behavioural ecology’.