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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Human ecology – social aspects"
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Druzhilov, Sergey A. "CONTEMPORARY INFORMATION ENVIRONMENT AND HUMAN ECOLOGY: PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS." Hygiene and sanitation 97, no. 7 (2018): 597–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2018-97-7-597-603.
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Introduction. The information environment of the society as an integral part of a human habitat is a factor of his health and must comply with safety requirements. As a result of the development of communication technologies on the basis of computer devices and the Internet, there have been significant changes in the information environment of the society and its impact on people. The study of the negative impact of the contemporary information environment on a human cannot be limited to physical and psychophysiological factors. A semantic component of the information itself is significant. Information environment has a negative impact on the cognitive and emotional sphere of his psyche. The object of information influence is the personality. The objective of the paper is to study the formation of the contemporary information and communication environment of the society, the trends in its development, to define its main components and psychological peculiarities. Material and methods. The method of investigation is a comparative analysis of the views of various authors and their theoretical generalization. Results. Based on the analysis of publications, a current understanding of the information and communication environment of the society is presented. The formation of the information environment is connected with the development of technologies and tools for fixing, preserving and transferring social experience. Six stages of the development of the means of the information transferring and preservation in the society are selected. Global informatization of the environment leads to the changes in people’s lives and activities. The picture of the human world, his worldview, his way of life are exposed to the effects of the information traffic. The risk factor is the deterioration of the human adaptation to new conditions. The changes within the individual do not keep up with the rapid changes in technology. Conclusion. In the context of the new information and communication reality the importance of the problems of human ecology was shown to increase. The information environment of a society as an object of the study can be considered in the following aspects: a) as a human habitat; b) as a means of information human activities; c) as a system of communications, including interpersonal ones; d) as an information infrastructure that provides storage, access and use of information arrays.
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Rodnyansky, Dmitry Vladimirovich, Gulnara Faridovna Valeeva, Ruslan Agarunovich Abramov, and Ivan Nikolaevich Makarov. "Social determinants of human health." International journal of health sciences 5, no. 3 (2021): 649–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v5n3.2809.
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The study is devoted to the analysis of social determinants of human health, their quantitative and qualitative aspects. The analysis was carried out according to the authors' methodology, which includes a comparison of the results of the questionnaire (subjective qualitative assessment) and the correlation analysis of social determinants with the life expectancy indicator. The Republic of Tatarstan, a dynamically developing region of the Russian Federation, where life expectancy is much higher compared to other regions (75.03 years in 2019), was chosen as the territorial object of analysis. The study hypothesized that it could be proved that social determinants were the most important component of health, and without them, its formation, maintenance, and strengthening would be impossible. Based on the results of the comprehensive analysis, the hypothesis was confirmed: 1) the qualitative analysis confirmed that the respondents were aware of the impact of social determinants on their health and identified individual indicators: the level of social security, stress, ecology, as well as immediate environment and working conditions; 2) the results of the quantitative analysis made it possible to state that health was affected by the following social determinants: divorce rates, environmental pollution, provision of medical services, construction rates and housing costs.
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Pitaloka, Ardanareswari Ayu, and Ali Yansyah Abdurrahim. "Sustainable Livelihoods Sustainable Approach and Contemporary Research on Rural Social-Ecological Systems in Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1275, no. 1 (2023): 012044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1275/1/012044.
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Abstract As the largest tropical archipelago country in Asia, Indonesia has 84,096 villages. From the human ecology perspective, a village or rural area is a social-ecological system. The sustainable livelihood approach was built by rural scholars and experts, development studies, and human ecology as a framework for looking at aspects of sustainable development in rural areas. This paper uses the literature review method on (1) the trajectory of the sustainable livelihoods approach and (2) its use in contemporary research on rural social-ecological systems in Indonesia. The analysis results show that the sustainable livelihoods approach continues to grow and evolve, including using scientific principles of political ecology. In Indonesia, its use is also used for various research on rural social-ecological systems. This paper specifically shows the important results of six studies of rural social-ecological systems in West Java, South Sulawesi, North Sumatra, West Sumatra, West Kalimantan, and East Kalimantan (New Capital City of Indonesia/IKN) area. The six studies show that aspects of social and ecological systems are closely intertwined, and the sustainable livelihoods approach managed to peel it off.
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Пузырев, В. Г., И. Н. Халфиев, А. С. Иванова, et al. "METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PRENOSOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS IN THE FIELD OF HUMAN ECOLOGY." Medicine and health care organization 7, no. 4 (2023): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.56871/mhco.2022.57.88.008.
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В последние десятилетия значительно изменилась среда, в которой проживает современный человек, также претерпело изменение и здоровье людей. Это произошло в результате изменений, произошедших в социальной, производственной и гигиенической сферах. В этой связи изучение состояния здоровья людей, обусловленное влиянием окружающей среды, является важным направлением профилактической медицины. Очевидно, что болезнь не появляется внезапно. Существуют несколько этапов, прежде чем возникнет какая-либо патология, через стадии донозологии и преморбидных состояний. Период между нормой и патологией составляет риски возникновения заболеваний. Именно поэтому так важно своевременно диагностировать этап донозологического состояния организма с целью предупредить переход в стадию патологии (срыв адаптации). В данной статье представлен обзор литературы методологических аспектов донозологической диагностики. Также было проанализировано влияние различных факторов риска на формирование донозологического, преморбидного состояния и срыва адаптации на примере студентов различных вузов и ссузов. Изучение литературы по данной теме и анализ различных вредных факторов позволили ранжировать их с учетом влияния показателей окружающей среды на здоровье. Наиболее значимыми факторами риска являются неблагоприятные факторы производственной и внепроизводственной среды химического, физического генеза; неблагоприятная образовательная среда, наличие вредных привычек. recent decades, the environment in which modern man lives has changed significantly, and people’s health has also underwent certain alternations . This happened as a result of changes that had taken place in the social, industrial and hygienic spheres. In this regard, the study of the state of human health, due to the influence of the environment, is an important area of preventive medicine. Obviously, the disease does not appear suddenly. There are several stages before any pathology occurs, through the stages of donosology and premorbid conditions. The period between the norm and pathology forms some risk of disease. Therefore, it is so important to timely diagnose the stage of the prenosological state of the human body in order to prevent the transition to the stage of pathology (disruption of adaptation). This article presents a literature review of the methodological aspects of prenosological diagnostics, and also analyzes the influence of various risk factors on the formation of the prenosological, premorbid state and adaptation failure, using the example of students from various universities and colleges. The study of the literature on this topic and the analysis of various harmful factors made it possible to rank them taking into account the influence of environmental indicators on health status. The most significant risk factors are — inadequate amount of rest and sleep; irrational nutrition; smoking; alcohol abuse; the absence or presence of uncomfortable living conditions; difficulties in family relationships and with peers; low physical activity; difficulties in organizing the educational process; physical inactivity, academic stress, unfavorable ecology are factors influencing the functional state of the body.
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Agaton, Casper, Eunice del Rosario, Marie Faye Orca, Arnold Salvacion, and Ricardo Sandalo. "Introduction to the Journal of Human Ecology and Sustainability (JHES)." Journal of Human Ecology and Sustainability 1, no. 1 (2024): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.56237/jhes24ed.
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Research in human ecology and sustainability holds significant importance in addressing global challenges related to the environment, society, and the well-being of the current and future generations. There is an urgent need for a platform to inform new knowledge, practices, policies, and behaviors that contribute toward a more sustainable, resilient, and harmonious coexistence between humans and their environment. The Journal of Human Ecology and Sustainability (JHES) aims to publish interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary, and transdisciplinary research on all aspects of human-environment interactions, community development, and other fields of social science that link with the people, organizations, and government to achieve human-ecological security. This note, which summarizes the contributions in the first volume of the journal, provides a brief background of the transformation of the Journal of Human Ecology to JHES, the official academic publication of the College of Human Ecology, University of the Philippines Los Baños.
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de Vries, Walter Timo. "Social Aspects in Land Consolidation Processes." Land 11, no. 3 (2022): 452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11030452.
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Land consolidation is an instrument that readjusts land parcel shapes and reallocates land rights in order to minimize farmland fragmentation, optimize agricultural output, and generate optimal living and working conditions in rural areas. The optimization and reallocation algorithms typically rely on monetarized values of land parcels, soil quality, and compensation amounts. Yet, land management interventions also need instruments for socio-spatial optimization, which may be in conflict with the monetary ones. Many non-monetary values are qualitative in nature. Hence, there is a research gap in how such values can be detected and incorporated, such that they can create a multi-dimensional land consolidation outcome. This study applies a situational analytical approach to investigate how, where, and when social values and belief systems play a role in land consolidation cases in three different study areas. This process enables the qualitative detection of which types of social values are central during land consolidations and which ones are most essential when evaluating outcomes of land consolidation. The synthesis derives that the incorporation of aims—such as addressing socio-spatial affinity, need for equity and fairness, human recognition, and good neighborship—is possible through an innovation in land consolidation practices, social valuation methods, and/or socially responsive land consolidation laws.
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Véliz-Burgos, Alex, and Francisco José Francisco-Carrera. "Educación, generosidad, ecología y silencio: hacia una didáctica de la salud y el bienestar en las aulas del siglo XXI/Education, Generosity, Ecology and Silence: Towards an Education for Health and Wellbeing in the Classrooms of the 21st Century." Revista Costarricense de Psicología 39, no. 1 (2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22544/rcps.v39i01.02.
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<p><strong>Español</strong></p><p>Con el presente artículo, pretendemos adentrarnos en la refl exión de cómo diversos aspectos tales como la generosidad, la ecología y el silencio pueden impactar positivamente en los discentes de nuestros sistemas educativos. Se propone, por tanto, una manera de mirar el mundo con atención y cuidado. A través de las intervenciones didácticas de los docentes, se puede incidir de manera directa en los discentes como “usuarios” del mundo como seres sociales para mantener una infl uencia importante en el futuro de nuestro planeta y de nuestras sociedades. Al fi n y al cabo, el docente, como elemento activo de los contenidos educativos, puede contribuir de manera consciente para mejorar la salud social y el bienestar de las comunidades humanas en nuestra época. Por tanto, resulta esencial que los procesos didácticos respondan a unos diseños que se centren en aspectos que redundarán en mejores individuos, mejores sistemas sociales y una ecología más equilibrada para todos.</p><p><strong>English</strong></p><p>With the present paper, we intend to refl ect on how aspects such as generosity, ecology and silence can have a positive impact on the students within our educational systems. A way to look at the world with care and attention is thus proposed. Through the teaching interventions carried out, the teachers can intervene in the learners as “users” of the world, as social beings, and therefore have an important infl uence on the future of our planet and our societies. In the end, the teacher, as an active element in the educational contents, can contribute in a conscious way to improve the social health and the wellbeing of the human communities in our age. Therefore, it is essential for the teaching processes to account for aspects which will create better individuals, better social systems and a more balanced ecology for everybody.</p>
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Rahman, Diana, Theano Moussouri, and Georgios Alexopoulos. "The Social Ecology of Food: Where Agroecology and Heritage Meet." Sustainability 13, no. 24 (2021): 13981. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132413981.
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The current food system is unsustainable and no longer able to cope with the challenges caused by climate change and consumer behaviours. In this context, agroecology, with its commitment to crossing disciplinary boundaries, has been endorsed as one of the main approaches to the creation of a sustainable food system. Despite this, the integration of the social research on food has not been evident enough in agroecology as a discipline. To be sure, studies related to foodways, food traditions, and, more recently, food heritage have long been present, and have provided important insights into the social and cultural aspects of food. However, there appears to be little convergence between this body of research and the mainstream agroecology literature. This paper aims to address this disconnection between the sociocultural and environmental aspects of the food system, and to propose ways of moving forward. We argue that knowledge about food heritage can be a catalyst for the achievement of agroecology’s vision for whole-system transformative change, and a moving towards global food security and nutrition. Using the agroecology framework of the United Nation’s Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and looking at the examples of the subak system in Indonesia and the EU-funded BigPicnic project, we employ the elements of ‘co-creation and sharing of knowledge’, ‘culture and food traditions’ and ‘human and social values’ as entry points for the creation of sustainable transitions of the food and agricultural systems.
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Coughlan, Michael R., and Aaron M. Petty. "Linking humans and fire: a proposal for a transdisciplinary fire ecology." International Journal of Wildland Fire 21, no. 5 (2012): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf11048.
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Human activity currently plays a significant role in determining the frequency, extent and intensity of landscape fires worldwide. Yet the historical and ecological relationships between humans, fire and the environment remain ill-defined if not poorly understood and an integrative approach linking the social and physical aspects of fire remains largely unexplored. We propose that human fire use is ubiquitous and evidence that historical fire patterns do not differ from non-anthropogenic fire regimes is not evidence that humans did not practice fire management. Through literature review and the presentation of two case studies from the south-eastern USA and tropical Australia, we discuss how the study of fire ecology can benefit from paying attention to the role of humans in three thematic areas: (1) human agency and decision processes; (2) knowledge and practice of landscape fire and (3) socioecological dynamics inherent in the history of social systems of production and distribution. Agency, knowledge of fire ecology and social systems of production and distribution provide analytical links between human populations and the ecological landscape. Consequently, ignitions ultimately result from human behaviours, and where fire use is practised, ignitions result from decision process concerning a combination of ecological knowledge and belief and the rationale of livelihood strategies as constrained by social and ecological parameters. The legacy of human land use further influences fuel continuity and hence fire spread.
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Kramer, Karen L. "The Human Family—Its Evolutionary Context and Diversity." Social Sciences 10, no. 6 (2021): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10060191.
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The family defines many aspects of our daily lives, and expresses a wide array of forms across individuals, cultures, ecologies and time. While the nuclear family is the norm today in developed economies, it is the exception in most other historic and cultural contexts. Yet, many aspects of how humans form the economic and reproductive groups that we recognize as families are distinct to our species. This review pursues three goals: to overview the evolutionary context in which the human family developed, to expand the conventional view of the nuclear family as the ‘traditional family’, and to provide an alternative to patrifocal explanations for family formation. To do so, first those traits that distinguish the human family are reviewed with an emphasis on the key contributions that behavioral ecology has made toward understanding dynamics within and between families, including life history, kin selection, reciprocity and conflict theoretical frameworks. An overview is then given of several seminal debates about how the family took shape, with an eye toward a more nuanced view of male parental care as the basis for family formation, and what cooperative breeding has to offer as an alternative perspective.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Human ecology – social aspects"
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Kruger, Lara. "Towards a connective aesthetic : an a/r/tographic journey." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20100.
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Merron, James Lawrence. "Wattle we do? alien eradication and the 'ecology of fear' on the fringes of a world heritage site, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002655.
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In their article ―Naturing the Nation: Aliens, the Apocalypse and the Post Colonial State (2001) Jean and John Comaroff look at ―the contemporary predicament of South Africa through the prism of environmental catastrophe. Through it they reveal the context in which alien plants have become an urgent affair of the state. Following their lead, I show how alien plants (particularly Australian wattle) continue to provide grounds for new social and political aspirations in South Africa, though in a different setting. With reference to a group of private landowners on the fringe of a World Heritage Site -- the Baviaanskloof Mega-Reserve, Eastern Cape, South Africa -- I show how an increasingly apocalyptic and xenophobic environmental agenda has influenced local activists seeking to address social and ecological issues in tandem with alien-eradication. These local activists adhere to a particular brand of environmentalism which Milton (1993) argues can be considered a social, cultural and religious phenomenon. The subjects of my main empirical investigation offer practical ways of achieving a transformational end through a new ritual activity in relation to a spread and exchange of environmental ideas and practices on a world-wide scale. On the ground this group practices ecosocietal restoration through which they aspire to mend the bond between people and the land in a spiritual and moral sense, bolstering intrinsic incentives for environmental stewardship and achieving ―cultural reconciliation in an attempt to reimagine what South Africa could be.
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Rancura, Sheila Aparecida de Oliveira. "Aspectos ecológicos e sociais da coleta informal de resíduos sólidos urbanos do município de São Carlos - SP." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/2143.
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Previous issue date: 2005-03-11<br>Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos<br>This work was developed along with informal waste collectors of recyclable solid waste in the urban area of the city of São Carlos SP. An effort has been performed with the aim of combining ecological studies with the garbage problematic
and social exclusion the informal waste collection brings. The adequacy of concepts of the ecological theory (ecological niche, foraging models) to the case of the waste collectors studied allowed placing the role of individuals in the ecosystem and inferring on the resource utilization forms and their implications for the environment. The methodological procedures used combined direct observations and free
interviews with structured questionnaires (socioeconomic and informal collection production data). Most informal waste collectors (80%) present generalist collection strategy, also presenting, however, high dependence degree on some types of waste such as aluminum, paper and ferrous materials. The behavior of the informal waste collectors is similar to behavior predicted for foragers by the optimal foraging theory.
The contribution of the informal collection for recycling market is of order of 97.3 kg/day/collector, being hidden by its stealth situation and the gains they profit are found at minimum levels as possible in order to allow they subsistence. One of the effects of this activity on the environment is its performance as negative feedback on one component the garbage which causes environmental deterioration. One
believes that the recognition of the collection social and environmental importance and its removal from informality are the first step to change the stealth situation that informal waste collectors are submitted to.<br>O trabalho foi desenvolvido junto aos catadores autônomos de resíduos sólidos recicláveis da área urbana do município de São Carlos SP. Foi realizado um esforço no sentido de aliar estudos ecológicos com as problemáticas do lixo e da exclusão
social presentes na coleta informal. A adequação de concepções teóricas da ecologia biológica (nicho ecológico, modelo de forrageamento) ao caso dos catadores de
resíduo estudados permitiu situar os indivíduos no seu papel dentro do ecossistema e inferir sobre formas de utilização do recurso e suas implicações para o ambiente. Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados combinaram observações diretas e entrevistas livres e estruturadas com questionários estruturados (dados sócioeconômicos
e de produção da coleta informal). A maioria dos catadores (80%) possui estratégia de coleta generalista, apresentando, contudo, alto grau de dependência de alguns tipos de resíduo, tais como alumínio, papel e metais ferrosos. O comportamento dos catadores é semelhante ao previsto para forrageadores pela teoria do forrageamento ótimo. A contribuição da coleta informal para o mercado de reciclagem, da ordem de 97,3 kg/dia/catador, é mascarada por sua situação de
clandestinidade, sendo que os ganhos auferidos pelos catadores estão nos níveis mínimos possíveis para permitir sua subsistência. Um dos efeitos da atividade para o ambiente é seu funcionamento como retroalimentação negativa sobre um componente o lixo - que causa a deterioração ambiental. Acredita-se que o reconhecimento da importância social e ambiental da coleta e sua retirada da informalidade sejam o início da reversão do quadro de marginalização a que os catadores estão submetidos.
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De, Klerk Henning. "The mutual embodiment of landscape and livelihoods: an environmental history of Nqabara." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007054.
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This thesis presents a history of the landscape of Nqabara, an administrative area in a rural and coastal area of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. In the process of investigating landscape history, the inquiry engages with a range of data sources from diverging discursive contexts, including data from ethnographic fieldwork, from the consultation of archival documents and historical reports as well as from comparative historic and ethnographic research, necessitating a critical consideration of the epistemological contexts of data production and the dialogue between researcher and data. Furthermore, in its aim to move beyond historical description towards explanation, the study interrogates the dualist ontological conceptualisations of nature and culture, society and ecology, object and meaning upon which are built three dominant conceptual frameworks concerned with human-environment relationships: social-ecological systems theory, transdisciplinary landscape studies and political ecology. Drawing primarily upon the works of James Gibson, Anthony Giddens and Tim Ingold, an ontological foundation is developed to guide the enquiry and move towards an alternative understanding of the relationship of people’s livelihoods with respect to the landscape in which it is lived, which I call here the praxisembodiment perspective. This ontology takes the situated patterns of action of a situated agent-in-its-environment as its point of departure and proceeds to develop a framework explaining how relations among the patterns of action of different agents-in-their-environment, emerge in structures that simultaneously enable and constrain future action. The foundation is thereby provided for a monist understanding of how landscape and social structure emerge simultaneously from the complex intersection of patterns of actions and interactions of agents in their environment. This framework calls for an understanding of time, space and scale, not as independent variables influencing process and action, but as emergent properties arising from the patterns of actions of situated agents. Finally the alternative ontology is applied to the history of landscape and livelihoods of people of Nqabara. It is concluded that an appropriate understanding and explanation of the critical transformations in the landscape as well as in social institutions, should be sought through analysis of the complex ways in which patterns of action of multiple spatial and temporal rhythms and between multiple agents in an environment, intersect and resonate.
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Fox, Helen Elizabeth. "The role of anthropogenic disturbance in the creation of a socio-ecological landscape." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008061.
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The aim of this thesis is to examine the role of anthropogenic disturbance in the creation of a socio-ecological landscape. Three key questions were answered: what impact has past anthropogenic disturbance had on present vegetative characteristics; what value did this disturbed landscape have to local people; how did the local peoples' worldviews and eco-cosmologies influence how they perceived, valued and managed their landscape? Research was based in a rural, predominantly amaXhosa village in the Kat River valley, Eastern Cape, South Africa. Four major landscape components characterised the environment, namely dense forests, former grazing lands, abandoned fields and old settlements. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods were adopted, consisting of a vegetation and soil survey and social science methods including semistructured interviews, focus groups, transect walks and participant observation. The key finding was that anthropogenic disturbance is necessary to enhance the potential of the area to support human habitation. However, anthropogenic disturbance can have positive or negative effects for both local people and the environment. An intermediate level of disturbance is a key factor leading to a resilient socio-ecological system. Various anthropogenic disturbances have had significant affects on vegetation characteristics in terms of species richness, and a change in vegetation composition and species heights. Of the three anthropogenic landscapes examined, former grazing lands were the least intensively disturbed. They were also more species rich and structurally diverse than areas that were under agricultural production or used as a settlement. Dense forests, although the least desirable landscape to local people were, together with sacred pools, sources of ecosystem renewal and played a critical role during times of disturbance. Anthropogenic disturbance has added value to local people's livelihoods; this disturbance has resulted in a patchy landscape that supplies a wide variety of resources to local people. Local people are dependent on their environment for their basic needs; this has encouraged sustainable management practices. The local AmaXhosa still retain many elements of their traditional worldview, which has many characteristics of Animism. The environment is an integral component of their belief system and certain sites and species have significant cultural value and are protected.
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Marino, Mariana Cristina Pinto. "Fugere urbem et locus amoenus quaerere: uma análise ecocrítica de Marcovaldo ou As estações na cidade, de Italo Calvino." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2018. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/3127.
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A presente pesquisa propôs a análise de todos os vinte contos que compõem a obra Marcovaldo ou As estações na cidade (2015 [1963]), de Italo Calvino. O foco das análises voltou-se para o protagonista, Marcovaldo, um trabalhador pobre e em permanente estado de desconforto com as mudanças ocorridas no contexto social pós-guerra, especialmente na Itália, no período de seu milagre econômico, que foi impulsionado pelo fim de medidas protecionistas na economia (GINSBORG, 2003). Ao tentar romper com esse cenário, buscando a beleza genuína da natureza, Marcovaldo vê-se experienciando situações que sempre o levam ao descontentamento, intrinsecamente ligado a um novo tipo de relação humana e social, construída a partir não somente da consolidação das sociedades capitalistas modernas, como igualmente da imposição de um padrão único de comportamento à sociedade — a mutação antropológica, como proposto por Pier Paolo Pasolini (1978, 1997). A pesquisa debruçou-se sobre o olhar Ecocrítico (GARRARD, 2006), despertado pela obra em questão, que sugere, a partir da Literatura (e da incorporação de outras áreas como a Sociologia, a Biologia, a Antropologia), o estudo da natureza, suas relações com a mulher e o homem e o refinamento da percepção acerca de questões ecológicas frágeis, captadas com mais afinco a partir da década de 1960 (PIGA; MANSANO, 2015), apesar de as mudanças de perspectiva sobre a sensibilidade em relação à natureza estarem em constante modificação principalmente desde o Iluminismo (THOMAS, 2010 [1983]). A esta pesquisa foram igualmente incorporados pressupostos da Ecosofia (GUATTARI, 2006 [1989]), que sugere um ressignificar de procedimentos e discursos hegemônicos advindos do sistema sócio-político-econômico capitalista. Para tanto, fez-se necessário, conjuntamente, compreender problemáticas concernentes à conjuntura ambiental do século XX e seu impacto sobre as classes menos favorecidas economicamente (BOFF, 1995), assim como assimilar os desdobramentos referentes ao ecologismo dos pobres (via econômica baseada na justiça social), preconizado por Joan Martínez Alier (2014 [2007]), tendo em vista a classe social à qual Marcovaldo pertence. Alicerçada nos princípios descritos, a esta pesquisa coube, portanto, analisar as interações de Marcovaldo e sua família com a natureza e suas possibilidades, suas modificações e incorporação a um efervescente mercado consumidor, com vistas a refletir sobre a crise ecológica (das três ecologias, conforme Guattari) e assinalar hipóteses de superação para a mesma, por meio da apologia de um convívio menos predatório do ser humano relativamente aos outros seres que ao seu lado coabitam na Terra.<br>The present research proposed the analysis of all twenty short stories that compose the book Marcovaldo or the seasons in the city (2015 [1963]), by Italo Calvino. The analyses focused on the protagonist, Marcovaldo, an impoverished proletarian that finds himself in a continuous state of discomfort with the changes that occurred in the post-war social context, especially in Italy during the period of the economic miracle, which was driven by the end of protectionist measures in the economy (GINSBORG, 2003). In trying to break away from this scenario, seeking the genuine beauty of nature, Marcovaldo ends up experiencing situations that always lead him to a discontent that is inextricably linked to a new kind of human and social relationship, built not only on the consolidation of modern capitalist societies, but also on the imposition of a single standard of behavior on society – an anthropological mutation, as proposed by Pier Paolo Pasolini (1978, 1997). The research focused on the Ecocritical approach (GARRARD, 2006), awakened by the object, which suggests the study (incorporating references from areas such as Sociology, Biology and Anthropology to Literary Theory) of nature, its relationship with women and men, and the refining of perceptions about delicate ecological issues, captured more intensively since the 1960s (PIGA, MANSANO, 2015), although the changes in perspective on sensitivity to nature are constantly shifting, mainly since the Enlightenment (THOMAS, 2010 [1983]). This research also integrated the assumptions of Ecosophy (GUATTARI, 2006 [1989]), which suggests a re-signifying of hegemonic procedures and discourses derived from the capitalist socio-political-economic system. In order to do so, it was necessary, jointly, to understand issues related to the environmental context of the twentieth century and its impact on economically disadvantaged classes (BOFF, 1995), as well as to assimilate the consequences related to the environmentalism of the poor, advocated by Joan Martínez Alier (2014 [2007]), in view of the social class to which Marcovaldo belongs. Based on the principles described, this research therefore had to analyze the interactions of Marcovaldo and his family with nature and its possibilities, its modifications and assimilation into an effervescent consumer market, aiming to reflect on the ecological crisis (of the three ecologies, according to Guattari) and point out hypotheses of overcoming it, by means of the apology of a less predatory human conviviality in relation to the other beings that, with them, live on planet Earth.
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Makame, Makame Omar. "Vulnerability and adaptation of Zanzibar east coast communities to climate variability and change and other interacting stressors." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011895.
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Climate variability and change as well as sea level rise poses significant challenges to livelihoods, water and food security in small island developing states (SIDSs) including the Zanzibar Islands. Thus, without planned strategic adaptation, the future projected changes in climate and sea level will intensify the vulnerability of these sensitive areas. This thesis is based on research conducted in two sites located in the north eastern parts of each island, namely Kiuyu Mbuyuni, Pemba Island and Matemwe, Unguja Island. The research focused firstly on assessing the vulnerability of these two coastal communities to climate variability and change and other stressors. This included investigation of (1) the perceptions of fishers, farmers and seaweed farmers regarding climate stressors and shocks and associated risks and impacts, (2) existing and possible future water and food security issues, and (3) household's access to important livelihood assets. This was followed by an exploration of the coping and adaptive responses of farmers, fishers and seaweed farmers to perceived shocks and stresses and some of the barriers to these responses. Lastly, an analysis of the implications of the findings for achieving sustainable coastal livelihoods and a resilient coastal community was undertaken. The general picture that emerges is that local people along the east coasts of both islands are already vulnerable to a wide range of stressors. Although variability in rainfall is not a new phenomenon in these areas, increasing frequency of dry spells and coastal floods resulting from the influence of El Niño and La Niña events exert enormous pressures on local activities (fishing, farming and seaweed farming) which are the crux of the local economy. The main argument of the study is that the nature and characteristics of these activities are the main source of sensitivity amongst these communities and this creates high levels of vulnerability to climate shocks and trends. This vulnerability is evidenced by the reoccurrence of localised food shortages and the observed food and water insecurity. The study found that food insecurity is a result of unreliable rainfall, drought and seasonality changes. These interacted with other contextual factors such as poor soil, low purchasing power and the lack of livelihood diversification options. In addition to exposure to these almost unavoidable risks from climate variability, the vulnerability of the local communities along the east coasts is also influenced by the low level of capital stocks and limited access to the assets that are important for coping and adaptation. Despite this, some households managed to overcome barriers and adapt in various ways both within the three main livelihood sectors (fishing, farming and seaweed farming) as well as through adopting options outside these sectors resulting in diversification of the livelihood portfolio. However, the study found that most of the strategies opted for by fishers, farmers and seaweed farmers were mainly spontaneous. Few planned adaptation measures supported by state authorities were observed across the sites, with the exception of the provision of motorised boats which were specifically meant to increase physical assets amongst fishers, reduce pressure in the marine conservation areas and prevent overfishing in-shore. Furthermore, numerous strategies that people adopted were discontinued when further barriers were encountered. Interestingly, some of the barriers that prevented households adapting were the same ones that forced households that had responded to abandon their adaptations. To increase resilience amongst east coast communities to current and future predicted changes in climate and sea level, the study argues that traditional livelihood activities (fishing, farming and seaweed farming) need to be better supported, and access to a range of livelihood assets improved. This may be achieved through increased access to local sources of water and facilitation of rainwater harvesting, expanding the livelihood options available to people and increasing climate change awareness, and access to sources of credit.
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Bishop, G. M. "Aspects of the reproductive ecology of the sea urchin Echinus esculentus L." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.353043.
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Da, Silva Jack. "Ecological aspects of Eurasian badger social structure." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252789.
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Lôbo, Déborah Fernandes Vieira. "Comportamento de escolha sob contingências de variação com diferentes custos da resposta." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2012. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/10857.
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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Psicologia, Departamento Departamento de Processos Psicológicos Básicos, 2012.<br>Submitted by Gabriela Botelho (gabrielabotelho@bce.unb.br) on 2012-06-29T13:28:25Z
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2012_DéborahFernandesVieiraLôbo.pdf: 516441 bytes, checksum: 8fd02ca2b36bf3217ef62daf568595e4 (MD5)<br>Diante da escolha entre variar e repetir sequências de respostas, humanos e não-humanos tendem a escolher a alternativa de repetição, principalmente quando a exigência de variação é muito rigorosa. Uma vez que critérios rigorosos de variação geram sequências com várias mudanças entre operanda, o que aumenta o custo do responder, é possível que as escolhas sejam influenciadas por essa variável. Assim, o presente estudo avaliou as escolhas sob contingências de variação a partir da manipulação direta do número de respostas de mudança. Estudantes universitários deveriam escolher entre emitir sequências com duas ou com cinco mudanças. No Experimento 1, além do critério de mudança, havia um critério de variação em vigor. Dessa forma, apenas sequências diferentes das cinco anteriores e que continham duas (VAR 2) ou cinco (VAR 5) respostas de mudança eram reforçadas. No Experimento 2, além do critério de mudança, estava em vigor um critério de repetição. Isto é, o reforço era contingente a uma única sequência com duas (REP 2) ou cinco (REP 5) respostas de mudança. Os participantes escolheram mais frequentemente a alternativa com o critério de duas mudanças, a despeito do contexto de variação e de repetição. Esses resultados sugerem que o custo da resposta pode atribuir propriedades aversivas às contingências de variação, afetando a escolha entre variar e repetir sequências. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT<br>When given a choice between varying and repeating response sequences, humans and nonhumans tend to choose the repeat alternative, mainly when the variation requirement is highly demanding. Considering that rigorous vary requirements generate sequences with several switches between operanda, leading to an increase in response cost, it is possible that choice between varying and repeating is influenced by that variable. Thus, the present study evaluated choice under variation contingencies on basis of the direct manipulation of the intra-sequence switching responses. College students had to choose between emitting sequences with two or five switches. In Experiment 1, in addition to the switching criterion, there was a variation criterion. Therefore, only sequences that differed from the previous five ones and that included two (VAR 2) or five (VAR 5) switches were reinforced. In Experiment 2, in addition to the switching criterion, a repetition criterion was in effect. That is, the reinforcer was contingent to a specific sequence with two (REP 2) or five (REP 5) switches. Most participants chose more often the alternative with the two-switch criterion in despite of the variation and repetition context. These results suggest that response cost may ascribe aversive properties to vary contingencies, thus affecting choice between varying and repeating response sequences.
Książki na temat "Human ecology – social aspects"
1
A, Kosiński Leszek, Pádua José Augusto, Mendes Candido 1928-, International Social Science Council, and Conjunto Universitário Cândido Mendes, eds. Ecological disorder in Amazonia: Social aspects. 2nd ed. Unesco, 1992.
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Reynolds, Vernon. The social ecology of religion. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 1995.
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Mansilla, H. C. F. La percepción social de fenomenos ecológicos en América Latina. Centro Boliviano de Estudios Multidisciplinarios, 1991.
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Mansilla, H. C. F. La percepción social de fenomenos ecológicos en América Latina. Centro Boliviano de Estudios Multidisciplinarios, 1991.
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Coates, John. Ecology and social work: Toward a new paradigm. Fernwood Pub., 2003.
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Pálsson, Gísli. Coastal economies, cultural accounts: Human ecology and Icelandic discourse. Manchester University Press, 1991.
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Bernd, Hamm, Jałowiecki Bohdan, and Polska Akademia Nauk. Komitet Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania Kraju., eds. The Social nature of space. Państwowe Wydawn. Nauk., 1990.
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Petrova, E. N. Ėkologii͡a︡ individualʹnosti: Filosofsko-sot͡s︡iologicheskiĭ aspekt. Izd-vo Uralʹskogo universiteta, 1992.
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1959-, Matthies Aila-Leena, Närhi Kati, and Ward David 1946-, eds. The Eco-social approach in social work. University of Jyväskylä, 2001.
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Gray, Gary G. Wildlife and people: The human dimensions of wildlife ecology. University of Illinois Press, 1993.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Human ecology – social aspects"
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Tschebann, Saskya. "Cemetery Enchanted, Encore: Natural Burial in France and Beyond." In Bioarchaeology and Social Theory. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-03956-0_11.
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AbstractOver the past three decades, a silent revolution in funerary practices and cemetery design known as the ‘natural burial movement’ has swept over various national contexts and created a transnational narrative that is embedded in local funerary cultures. Seeking out environmentally-friendly burial alternatives, new cemetery and commemoration concepts take into account the urban lack of space and changing family structures and combine these with a desire for autonomy from economically and ecologically costly burial practices. A salient feature of these new burial sites are their naturalistic design and enchanting appeal. Presenting ethnographic research at France’s first natural cemetery« Cimetière naturel de Souché », which opened in 2014, this chapter examines and reflects on the changes in material as well as immaterial funeral settings within a contemporary European context. The research reveals insights into a heterogenous set of values concerning human body disposal, nature and culture, gift giving and reciprocity, and purity and respect. The main objectives of the cemetery officials originally were geared towards the creation of a place as close to nature’s makeup as possible, a reduction of the ecological footprint of burials, and cost decrease. The most significant aspects for the bereaved and other visitors are, however, an appeal beyond economic and ecologic objectives. Spiritualities, therapeutic death contemplation, and continuous kin care point to an enduring enchantment: meditations veiled in a green hue.
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Krausmann, Fridolin, Helga Weisz, and Nina Eisenmenger. "Transitions in Sociometabolic Regimes Throughout Human History." In Social Ecology. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33326-7_3.
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Fischer-Kowalski, Marina, and Willi Haas. "Toward a Socioecological Concept of Human Labor." In Social Ecology. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33326-7_7.
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Dietz, Thomas, and Richard York. "Structural Human Ecology." In Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77712-8_21.
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Eder, James F. "Gender, Social Difference and Coastal Resource Management in Lowland Philippine Fishing Communities." In Human Ecology. Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5701-6_20.
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Loker, William M. "Social and Environmental Impacts of the Rise and Fall of Flue-Cured Tobacco Production in the Copán Valley." In Human Ecology. Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5701-6_16.
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Charpentier, Marie, Guillaume Odonne, and Benoist Schaal. "Scents in the Social Life of Non-Human and Human Primates." In Chemical Ecology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119329695.ch3.
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De Capua, Alberto. "New Paradigms for Indoor Healthy Living." In The Urban Book Series. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29515-7_79.
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AbstractFor some time, we have been witnessing a series of alarms that warn us that our wealth is leading to an exaggerated and increasing use of energy and resources, as well as the deep and irreversible transformation of natural systems and social inequality, causing a continuous growth of the overall impact of the human species. “Ecology” and “environment” have become the key words of the third millennium: a media bombardment that has helped to overcome the insurmountable barrier of indifference and insensitivity. Everything that has to do with architectural design, from the choice of materials to the technologies used, has been confronted with the term “sustainability,” whose meaning, despite the attempt to place it in a univocal definitional apparatus, always takes on different nuances and meanings. The text defines the complex system of principles that animate architecture today whether those aimed at greater attention to and protection of the health of users and the environment or also concerns social and economic issues when it is proposed as a cultural, social, ecological and economic change necessary to safeguard future generations. Today, we are often witnesses of an inadequacy and poor quality that concerns precisely the aspects of health and safety. The origin of this failure is attributable to attitudes, indifferent to housing needs, easily found in the majority of designers: the environmental scale of the project intended mainly as morpho-typological abstraction, the superficiality in technological choices, and the poor verification of interactions between technical elements and housing needs.
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Tsafrir, Avi, and Jordana Hadassah Hyman. "Planned Oocyte Cryopreservation: Social Aspects." In Hot Topics in Human Reproduction. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24903-7_11.
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Cherepanova, Maria I., Svetlana G. Maximova, and Syldysmaa A. Saryglar. "Human Capital and Problems of Russian Human Ecology." In Complex Social Systems in Dynamic Environments. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23856-7_36.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenia konferencji na temat "Human ecology – social aspects"
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Li, Yichen. "The Transformation of Design Strategy for Triple Ecological Methodology of Smart City." In 15th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1005343.
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Since the concept of smart city was launched in 2008, the development of smart city in China has made great breakthroughs, but there are still problems in the development. The current interpretation and research of smart city mostly focus on technology application and top-level design, which is insufficient from the perspective of humanities and social sciences. This paper does not adopt the current mainstream view of technology application regarding smart city issues, or the perspective of top-level design operability under government governance objectives. Instead, it reinterprets the philosophical dimensions from the perspective of humanistic and social ethics. Before the research, this paper conducts an analysis of the current situation of China's smart cities and theoretical reflection on this. The research is divided into two aspects: 1. Trace and analyze of the ecological philosophy of Pierre-Félix Guattari: The philosophical perspective of triple ecology is an important assertion for the current development of society and capitalist globalization, which is directly related to the issue of sustainable development. This paper introduces the philosophical concept of triple ecology of Guattari as a perspective in the field of smart city research and analyzes its triple characteristics. 2. Research on strategy application: It refers to research on strategic application of triple ecological methodology, with individual practice in China, From the perspective of contemporary ecological crisis, this paper systematically reflects on the current development of smart cities regarding value and ethics, critically corrects the development, and points out the possibility of practical connection. By reshaping the concept of philosophical perspective of triple ecology at the methodological level, this paper proposes a triple ecological philosophical design strategy of "strategic research in the context of environmental ecology", "strategic research in the context of social ecology" and "strategic research in the context of individual spiritual ecology".
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Duzinchuk, V. D., A. J. Karchmit, and S. V. Aksenchik. "THE IMPACT OF URBAN ECOLOGY ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND SPORT." In SAKHAROV READINGS 2022: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute of Belarusian State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2022-2-177-180.
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The impact of human activity on the environment has caused changes in the hydrosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere, biosphere, and has led to a multitude of environmental problems that are acute for modern society. The caused changes in the environment have had an impact on all aspects of social life. The interrelation of ecology with physical culture and sports deserves special attention, as it is of a bidirectional nature. On the one hand, man actively affects the environment (construction and operation of sports facilities, organization and conduct of sports competitions, etc.). On the other hand, human health depends on the state of the environment, the ecological situation in which a person trains.
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Niţoi, Valeriu Stelian, Constantina Chiriac, and Marius Gîrtan. "Principles of Modelling Development Processes at Regional Level." In World Lumen Congress 2021, May 26-30, 2021, Iasi, Romania. LUMEN Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/wlc2021/53.
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The paper aims to be a general analysis material on the principles of modelling sustainable development processes at the regional level, by studying sustainable development of the economy of the regions by supporting regional socio-economic activities, i.e. those processes leading to a sustainable and harmonious development of the region and which do not result in adverse impacts on the human health or the environment. In this context, a regional development plan is proposed that sets out aspects structured on the following dimensions: economy, ecology, social. The plan analyzes all these areas but, what is very important, the adopted measures include elements common to the three spheres, as it is not advisable to prioritize the sectors.
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Skladanovska, Marina, Iryna Plaksiienko, Sergey Filonenko, Pavel Riabik, and Tatyana Hrydnieva. "SOCIOPSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AT UNIVERSITIES OF UKRAINE SOIL." In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023/5.1/s22.73.
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In the context of the global environmental crisis the development of new pedagogical models and teaching methods at the universities of Ukraine is aimed at the formation of socio-psychological competencies of future specialists as subjects of the implementation of the concept of sustainable development. The article presents the results of eco-psychological research of the level of formation of ecological thinking among engineering students. More than 300 students from three universities of Dnipro and Poltava have been interviewed. Based on the results of the study the authors propose an improved curriculum for the general educational discipline Human Ecology which includes interactive individual and collective tasks, lectures as discussions of various aspects of human interaction with nature in the "external environment-individual-internal environment" triad. It is also planned to introduce a special educational discipline Environmental Psychology to the educational program of bachelor�s training of engineering specialties. The content of the discipline is aimed at the formation of environmental awareness and environmental culture of students, taking into account the cultural identity of Ukraine. A program of practical classes in collaboration with the psychological service of the university has been developed. The program includes art methods as tools for educational, diagnostic and developmental work, including an educational project for Earth Day.
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Yılmaz, Selin, and Deniz Yengin. "Analysis of Emotional Approach of Digital Surveillance in Film Studies." In COMMUNICATION AND TECHNOLOGY CONGRESS. ISTANBUL AYDIN UNIVERSITY, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17932/ctcspc.21/ctc21.020.
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Human is a social being, and needs communication to convey feelings, thoughts, beliefs, and ideologies to survive. Despite being man-made, machines do not have any feelings. However, the development of artificial intelligence poses a suggestion that machines can also think, and feel. The development of new communication technologies reveals the importance of the relationship between machines and humans. People can control the machine/robot with voice commands or hand-face-eye scans. The data processed in the machine memory can be interpreted with other algorithms and instantly give the needed information. The machine that processes the reaction of the individual sometimes may be protective for itself and the individual, and sometimes, a shadow. By recognizing the individual, the machine can turn into a dangerous and useful tool. Makine işlediği verileri saklayıp, depolamakta ve kayıt altına almaktadır. The data is protected by a machine-built firewall. However, if these data are captured, internal and external surveillance is inevitable. Nowadays, in terms of the ecology of communication, new media tools ensure the continuity of communication and facilitate the individual's socialization. In addition, the machines add speed to the life of the individual over time and space. In this study, the character structures of the machine are examined and its importance in terms of digital surveillance is revealed. The aim is to evaluate the machine in terms of digital surveillance by revealing that the machine can be protective, shadow, friend, or dangerous for the individual with the concept of artificial intelligence. In this study, the emotional intelligence of the machine and the concept of digital surveillance will be analyzed using the content analysis method and semiotics technique. In the research, randomly picked 5 Hollywood films (Ex Machina, I Robot, Bicentennial Man, Transcendence, Eagle Eye) will be analysed according to the character analysis of Jung, and the different aspects of the human and machine will be determined by making use of the emotional side of the machine and the fundamental oppositions of Barthes. In these films, the forms of the machine are different, and it is noteworthy that they have protective and shadow characters. The machine becomes dangerous by acting with its emotions. As a result, it has been revealed that the machine/robot reacts according to the data and has an important aspect in terms of digital surveillance since the machine is constantly evolving with the power of artificial intelligence, and this development makes it easier to access other tools and facilitate digital surveillance. In the eagle eye film, the machine can make digital surveillance using all the camera systems in the city.
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Zhao, Xuan, Cliff Lampe, and Nicole B. Ellison. "The Social Media Ecology." In CHI'16: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858333.
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Akhedzhak-Naguze, S. K., V. V. Romantsov, Z. S. Popov, and A. A. Naguze. "MEDICAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS AFFECTING THE MORBIDITY OF MEDICAL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS." In NOVEL TECHNOLOGIES IN MEDICINE, BIOLOGY, PHARMACOLOGY AND ECOLOGY. Institute of information technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47501/978-5-6044060-2-1.189-193.
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The presented work presents basic data on the availability of medical services that affect the level of health of students in medical higher educational institutions. The authors reflect the relationship of the considered problems and the development of somatic anthologies among student youth. The article puts forward proposals for optimizing the process of improving the social group of the population.
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Kavinova, Irina. "Human Ecology — Between Idleness and Labour." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Contemporary Education, Social Sciences and Ecological Studies (CESSES 2018). Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/cesses-18.2018.176.
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Jiang, Ying. "A Care-oriented Design Process Model for Sustainable Design Education." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002421.
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In the unsustainable development of commodity production and resource consumption, designers are both part of the root of the problem and the agents of its solution. Education institutions and teaching plans bear a profound moral responsibility to improve designers’ ability to create a sustainable future. This chapter goes deep into the design education curriculum to explore a design process model that can be specifically applied to the field of care design.Education for sustainable development has become the main concern of environmental education since the 1990s (United Nations 1992). David W. Orr calls for an education system shift: ‘This crisis cannot be solved by the same kind of education that helped create the problems. Against the test of sustainability, our ideas, theories, sciences, humanities, social sciences, pedagogy, and educational institutions have not measured up’ (1992, p. 83). The UN Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (2005–2014) highlighted the key role of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), aiming at ‘integrating the principles and practices of sustainable development into all aspects of education and learning, to encourage changes in knowledge, values and attitudes with the vision of enabling a more sustainable and just society for all’ (UNESCO, 2005, p.9). It fundamentally mobilized education to create relevant teaching rationales, teaching methods and learning content.The evolution of design for sustainability has been advanced ESD in higher education institutions and has created a wide array of teaching methods and tools, such as Service Design (Miso, 2020), Design Futuring (Fry, 2009), Transition Design (Jones, 2014), Systemic Design (Irwin, 2015), Design for Behaviour Change (Bhamra & Dewberry, 2007) and Ecology of Care (Coxon, 2017). The continuous improvement of sustainable design education helps designers to conceive a number of different conceptual solutions as a whole, and to take into consideration the wide array of impacts that their decisions have on people, the environment and the economy. However, the problem in curriculum education is that its focus is more on the designer’s sustainable achievements, rather than the designer's sustainable awareness and behavior changes. Strengthen the correlation between designers’sustainability awareness and design results would be appreciated.East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST) is a comprehensive university with a strong background in science and engineering. The fundamental design course teaching at the School of Art Design and Media has provided me with excellent research opportunities. In this context, I could integrate the care-oriented sustainable design course into the curriculum system and conduct research directly. I noticed that sustainable design is a special and independent concept rarely mentioned in existing design courses. As expected from traditional courses, design courses focus on creating visually compelling and fully functional works. Although some ‘green’ design projects are sometimes carried out, in most cases green design courseworks focus on finding solutions in terms of principles, technology, materials, etc., and finally propose a small product design concept without considering the whole systemof thought at the basis of design. Also, most part of the courses are devoted to the introduction of the double diamond model that guides the design process, even though it does not make full use of the scientific nature of the design process itself. Sometimes, design research is separated from design results. I am interested in reshaping the way designers think about sustainability in the field of traditional design education, by considering all the different impacts of design decisions on people, the environment and the economy.By understanding the nature of care, I intend to develop a design process model and teaching tools from the perspective of care, which can be extrapolated as a care-oriented, sustainable design education course. The design process can be seen as a learning process which provides deeper information about sustainability challenges and opportunities by influencing students’ design thinking and design activity. On the one hand, the design process model could build a clear teaching idea for teachers. On the other hand, it could raise students’ awareness of caring, and transform this consciousness into specific design schemes, which can provide insight into problems and propose solutions from larger and more complex perspectives, thereby generating new sustainable design ideas. This newly developed design process emphasizes the role of the immediate-environment in promoting clients and products care.
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Golej, Julius. "SOCIAL ISSUES OF HOUSING AND ITS ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC ASPECTS IN SLOVAK REPUBLIC." In 14th SGEM GeoConference on ECOLOGY, ECONOMICS, EDUCATION AND LEGISLATION. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2014/b53/s21.050.
Pełny tekst źródłaRaporty organizacyjne na temat "Human ecology – social aspects"
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Collins, Andrew, Tara Cornelisse, Suzanne Macey, and Mark Weckel. Community Buzz: Conservation of Trees and Native Bees in Urban Areas. American Museum of Natural History, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5531/cbc.ncep.0146.
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The world is increasingly urbanized and yet, even in urban areas, humans remain dependent on the ecosystem services that nature provides. This case study-exercise explores selected aspects of the dynamic between humans and urban ecology in three parts. First, we briefly discuss urban ecosystems and the context of biodiversity conservation in urban areas. Then, through a case study of the Million Trees program in New York City, we provide evidence and start a discussion about the possible benefits—as well as potential negative social, ecological, and economic consequences—of urban trees. And finally, we introduce biodiversity conservation in urban green spaces through an exercise on native bees. After reading about the importance of, and threats to, native bees, students take on stakeholder roles to decide if their neighborhood should accept a grant to create and maintain bee habitat in an urban park. Students are tasked with conducting additional research and participating in a classroom town hall meeting to present and support their argument for or against the creation of native bee habitat.
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Molina, Randy, Thomas O'Dell, Daniel Luoma, Michael Amaranthus, Michael Castellano, and Kenelm Russell. Biology, ecology, and social aspects of wild edible mushrooms in the forests of the Pacific Northwest: a preface to managing commercial harvest. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-309.
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BESTAEVA, E., and U. TEDEEVA. SOME ASPECTS OF THE WORLDVIEW FOUNDATIONS OF BIOETHICS. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2021-13-3-2-14-24.
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The purpose of the work is to determine the specifics of the worldview foundations of bioethics, their structure, nature and essence of man in the context of the “new experience” in the field of biotechnology. Research methods - philosophical and general logical.”New experience” in the field of biotechnology, as a stimulating discussion of anthropological, axiological and social problems, must be guided by the strategy of personal preservation and the methodology of human integrity and have value-worldview attitudes as real prerequisites. In the new ethics, the fundamental principles of two historically established systems - individualism and conciliarism (collectivism) are considered in the form of complement, not contradictory. We are only talking about their ratio and the degree of demand. At the same time, the state and society, and not “personal law”, are of decisive importance.
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Canto, Patricia, ed. Heterogeneous Social Capitals: A New Window of Opportunity for Local Economies. Universidad de Deusto, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18543/gwvw3770.
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In this paper we analyze the relationship between hot topics in economic development such as global knowledge pipelines (GKP), tacit knowledge (TK) and social capital (SC). In particular, echoing the work of Gertler (2003) and Bathelt et al. (2004) we stress that GKPs are important not only as conveyors of codified knowledge, but also of TK. In this paper, we make two additional operations; the first is extending the concept of TK to include systematically the concept of SC. Traditionally, TK tends to be conceived as individual experiential knowledge based on practice, in a way part of the human capital embodied in the highly-skilled individual expert. We’d rather include here also collective pools of social knowledge otherwise called SC since TK can be created and later transferred by wider communities. In this operation we benefit from Blacklers (2002) typology of knowledge that appropriately includes aspects of localized SC in the form of ‘encultured’ and ‘embedded knowledge’. In the second operation we extend Williams argument (2007) on the richness of migrants’ codified and tacit knowledge; in fact, we assert that TK flows do not rely only upon highly knowledgeable economic agents such as scientists, engineers and top managers, but on a broader spectrum of individual and collective agents that are and/or can be part of competitive GVC/GPN/GKP. This discussion has special importance for local production systems (LPS) such as clusters and districts, where TK flows and SC are transforming dramatically, thus need more thorough theoretical frameworks to represent these changing socioeconomic scenarios, as well as their real constraints and opportunities.
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Hotsur, Oksana. SOCIAL NETWORKS AND BLOGS AS TOOLS PR-CAMPAIGN IMPLEMENTATIONS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11110.
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The article deals with the ways in which social networks and the blogosphere influence the formation and implementation of a PR campaign. Examples from the political sphere (election campaigns, initiatives), business (TV brands, traditional and online media) have revealed the opportunities that Facebook, Telegram, Twitter, YouTube and blogs promote in promoting advertising, ideas, campaigns, thoughts, or products. Author blogs created on special websites or online media may not be as much of a tool in PR as an additional tool on social media. It is noted that choosing a blog as the main tool of PR campaign has both positive and negative points. Social networks intervene in the sphere of human life, become a means of communication, promotion, branding. The effectiveness of social networks has been evidenced by such historically significant events as Brexit, the Arab Spring, and the Revolution of Dignity. Special attention was paid to the 2019 presidential election. Based on the analysis of individual PR campaigns, the reasons for successful and unsuccessful campaigns from the point of view of network communication, which provide unlimited multimedia and interactive tools for PR, are highlighted. In fact, these concepts significantly affect the effectiveness of the implementation of PR-campaign, its final effectiveness, which is determined by the achievement of goals. Attention is drawn to the culture of communication during the PR campaign, as well as the concepts of “trolls”, “trolling”, “bots”, “botoin industry”. The social communication component of these concepts is unconditional. Choosing a blog as the main tool of a marketing campaign has both positive and negative aspects. Only a person with great creative potential can run and create a blog. In addition, it takes a long time. In fact, these two points are losing compared to other internet marketing tools. Further research is interesting in two respects. First, a comparison of the dynamics of the effectiveness of PR-campaign tools in Ukraine in 2020 and in the past, in particular, at the dawn of state independence. Secondly, to investigate how/or the concept of PR-campaigns in social networks and blogs is constantly changing.
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Barquet, Karina, Elin Leander, Jonathan Green, et al. Spotlight on social equity, finance and scale: Promises and pitfalls of nature-based solutions. Stockholm Environment Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2021.011.
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Human activity has modified and deteriorated natural ecosystems in ways that reduce resilience and exacerbate environmental and climate problems. Physical measures to protect, manage and restore these ecosystems that also address societal challenges in sustainable ways and bring biodiversity benefits are sometimes referred to as “nature-based solutions” (NBS). For example, reducing deforestation and restoring forests is a major opportunity for climate mitigation, while protecting or restoring coastal habitats can mitigate damage to coastal areas from natural hazard events, in addition to potentially providing co-benefits related to livelihood, recreation, and biodiversity. There is now an impetus to shift towards greater deployment of nature-based solutions. Not only do they offer an alternative to conventional fossil fuel-based or hard infrastructure solutions but, if implemented correctly, they also hold great promise for achieving multiple goals, benefits and synergies. These include climate mitigation and resilience; nature and biodiversity protection; and economic and social gains. 2020 saw an explosion in publications about NBS, which have contributed to filling many of the knowledge gaps that existed around their effectiveness and factors for their success. These publications have also highlighted the knowledge gaps that remain and have revealed a lack of critical reflection on the social and economic sustainability aspects of NBS. Building on these gaps, we decided to launch this mini-series of four briefs to provoke a more nuanced discussion that highlights not only the potential benefits, but also the potential risks and trade-offs of NBS. The purpose is not to downplay the importance of NBS for biodiversity, ecosystems, and coastal mitigation and adaptation, but to ensure that we establish a dialogue about ways to overcome these challenges while leaving no one behind.
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Bjelland, David, and Bozena Dorota Hrynyszyn. Energy retrofitting of non-residential buildings with effects on the indoor environment: a study of university buildings at NTNU in Trondheim, Norway. Department of the Built Environment, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/aau541564763.
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The year 2050 is considered the deadline for achieving the European climate goal of net zero emissions, an essential sustainability milestone. Current strategies ask for higher retrofitting rates in the building sector, as most of today’s buildings will still be standing and be used in 2050, and longer. However, retrofitting strategies must consider energy and emissions reductions alongside social sustainability, targeting not only the building but also its users. Historically, the focus has been on indoor environmental quality, while other aspects of human well-being such as the quality of views were not addressed as frequently. Educational buildings can function as lighthouse projects, profiting from its many users as communicators. This article presents the retrofitting potential of the central building complex of the Gløshaugen campus of the NTNU in Trondheim in terms of energy, as basis to study the impact of retrofitting strategies on the indoor environment. The study consists of a selection of details, their building physical assessment, and a proposal of retrofitting measures. The results highlight the importance of human-centric definitions in the early (re-)design stages. Humancentric planning aspects can have diverse positive influences on the building’s users, especially in educational and other highly cognitive settings. Their impact however is strongly dependent on the selection of measures and their implementation. Interactions of the many aspects of well-being that can be addressed during retrofitting must be studied further as their interdependencies are often unclear and case specific. Human-centric retrofitting can function as a guide for upcoming mass retrofits throughout Europe for the sustainable achievement of climate goals.
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Marshall, Katherine. Towards Enriching Understandings and Assessments of Freedom of Religion or Belief: Politics, Debates, Methodologies, and Practices. Institute of Development Studies, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2021.001.
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Promoting the right to freedom of religion or belief (FoRB) is a foreign policy priority for several countries, their concerns accentuated by considerable evidence of rising levels of violations of this right worldwide. This puts a premium on solid evidence and on clear assessment criteria to serve as objective guides for policy. This paper reviews the complex landscape of approaches to assessing and measuring both the status of FoRB and the degree to which this human right is being violated or protected. It introduces and describes various transnational methodologies, both qualitative and quantitative, which focus, in differing ways, on violations. Several are widely cited and have express policy applications, while others have more indirect application to FoRB. The analysis highlights the diversity of approaches, which both reflect and contribute to a tendency to politicise FoRB issues. Challenges include differing understandings of the nature and relative significance of violations and their comparability. Country analysis is crucial because the specific context has vital importance for a granular appreciation for causes and impact of FoRB violations. This granularity, however, is poorly reflected in broader quantitative transnational and time series indices that highlight trends and comparative impact. The review highlights the limited degree to which FoRB issues, specifically violations and religiously related discrimination, are integrated in the policies and practice of development approaches (including social change and progress towards wellbeing) internationally and nationally. Effective approaches to addressing violations are few and far between, especially at the international level. The review notes strengths and weaknesses of specific approaches to assessment and reflects on possible improvements focused on development challenges and better integration among aspects of human rights.
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Mushongera, Darlington, Prudence Kwenda, and Miracle Ntuli. An analysis of well-being in Gauteng province using the capability approach. Gauteng City-Region Observatory, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36634/2020.op.1.
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As countries across the globe pursue economic development, the improvement of individual and societal well-being has increasingly become an overarching goal. In the global South, in particular, high levels of poverty, inequality and deteriorating social fabrics remain significant challenges. Programmes and projects for addressing these challenges have had some, but limited, impact. This occasional paper analyses well-being in Gauteng province from a capability perspective, using a standard ‘capability approach’ consistent with Amartya Sen’s first conceptualisation, which was then operationalised by Martha Nussbaum. Earlier research on poverty and inequality in the Gauteng City-Region was mainly based on objective characteristics of well-being such as income, employment, housing and schooling. Using data from the Gauteng City-Region Observatory’s Quality of Life Survey IV for 2015/16, our capability approach provides a more holistic view of well-being by focusing on both objective and subjective aspects simultaneously. The results confirm the well-known heterogeneity in human conditions among South African demographic groups, namely that capability achievements vary across race, age, gender, income level and location. However, we observe broader (in both subjective and objective dimensions) levels of deprivation that are otherwise masked in the earlier studies. In light of these findings, the paper recommends that policies are directly targeted towards improving those capability indicators where historically disadvantaged and vulnerable groups show marked deprivation. In addition, given the spatial heterogeneities in capability achievements, we recommend localised interventions in capabilities that are lagging in certain areas of the province.
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Thompson, Stephen, Brigitte Rohwerder, and Clement Arockiasamy. Freedom of Religious Belief and People with Disabilities: A Case Study of People with Disabilities from Religious Minorities in Chennai, India. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2021.003.
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India has a unique and complex religious history, with faith and spirituality playing an important role in everyday life. Hinduism is the majority religion, and there are many minority religions. India also has a complicated class system and entrenched gender structures. Disability is another important identity. Many of these factors determine people’s experiences of social inclusion or exclusion. This paper explores how these intersecting identities influence the experience of inequality and marginalisation, with a particular focus on people with disabilities from minority religious backgrounds. A participatory qualitative methodology was employed in Chennai, to gather case studies that describe in-depth experiences of participants. Our findings show that many factors that make up a person’s identity intersect in India and impact how someone is included or excluded by society, with religious minority affiliation, caste, disability status, and gender all having the potential to add layers of marginalisation. These various identity factors, and how individuals and society react to them, impact on how people experience their social existence. Identity factors that form the basis for discrimination can be either visible or invisible, and discrimination may be explicit or implicit. Despite various legal and human rights frameworks at the national and international level that aim to prevent marginalisation, discrimination based on these factors is still prevalent in India. While some tokenistic interventions and schemes are in place to overcome marginalisation, such initiatives often only focus on one factor of identity, rather than considering intersecting factors. People with disabilities continue to experience exclusion in all aspects of their lives. Discrimination can exist both between, as well as within, religious communities, and is particularly prevalent in formal environments. Caste-based exclusion continues to be a major problem in India. The current socioeconomic environment and political climate can be seen to perpetuate marginalisation based on these factors. However, when people are included in society, regardless of belonging to a religious minority, having a disability, or being a certain caste, the impact on their life can be very positive.