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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Hormone correlates"
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Pelfrey, Clara M., Robert Butler i Anne Cotleur. "Serum levels of estradiol correlate with disability in men with multiple sclerosis (MS) (129.20)". Journal of Immunology 178, nr 1_Supplement (1.04.2007): S221. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.178.supp.129.20.
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Abstract MS occurs more frequently in women compared to men, however men are thought to deteriorate more rapidly. The underlying reasons for a sex bias in MS may relate to sex hormone effects. To determine whether hormone levels correlate with disease disability, we tested 51 untreated relapsing-remitting MS patients (31F, 20M) and 71 controls (38 F, 33M). Serum was tested for hormones (estrogen, testosterone, progesterone) and disability was assessed by the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC). Testosterone (T) levels were significantly elevated in women with MS compared to female controls (p = 0.0005). 17-beta-estradiol (E2) levels strongly trended towards lower levels in male MS patients compared to male controls (p = 0.06). E2 was significantly positively correlated with T levels in all subjects except the MS males. In males with MS, E2 levels correlated with the MSFC (p = 0.011). T levels did not correlate with disability in men or women. Thus, E2 levels appear decreased in males with MS, which strongly correlates with greater disease disability. Interestingly, we observed that T levels were significantly increased in MS females and did not correlate with disability. Our findings suggest interference in hormone metabolism in patients with MS, which may contribute to altered clinical responses depending on the sex of the patient. Supported by: NIH, NMSS, and CCF GCRC.
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Yavuz, Sahzene, Silvia Salgado Nunez del Prado i Francesco S. Celi. "Thyroid Hormone Action and Energy Expenditure". Journal of the Endocrine Society 3, nr 7 (16.05.2019): 1345–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/js.2018-00423.
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Abstract Energy metabolism is one of the most recognized targets of thyroid hormone action, which indeed plays a critical role in modulating energy expenditure in all of its components. This is because thyroid hormone receptors are ubiquitous, and thyroid hormones interact and influence most metabolic pathways in virtually all systems throughout the entire life of the organism. The pleiotropic actions of thyroid hormone are the results of interaction between the local availability of T3 and the signal transduction machinery, which confer in physiologic conditions time and tissue specificity of the hormonal signal despite negligible variations in circulating levels. Historically, the measurement of energy expenditure has been used as the gold standard for the clinical assessment of the hormonal action until the advent of the immunoassays for TSH and thyroid hormone, which have since been used as proxy for measurement of thyroid hormone action. Although the clinical correlates between thyroid hormone action and energy expenditure in cases of extreme dysfunction (florid hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism) are well recognized, there is still controversy on the effects of moderate, subclinical thyroid dysfunction on energy expenditure and, ultimately, on body weight trajectory. Moreover, little information is available on the effects of thyroid hormone replacement therapy on energy expenditure. This mini review is aimed to define the clinical relevance of thyroid hormone action in normal physiology and functional disorders, as well the effects of thyroid hormone therapy on energy expenditure and the effects of changes in energy status on the thyroid hormone axis.
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Eagon, Patricia K., Mary S. Elm, Stasa D. Tadic i Amin A. Nanji. "Downregulation of nuclear sex steroid receptor activity correlates with severity of alcoholic liver injury". American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 281, nr 2 (1.08.2001): G342—G349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.2001.281.2.g342.
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Chronic ethanol ingestion in rats and humans results in significant alterations in sex steroid levels and expression of sex hormone-dependent phenotype. In this study, we used the intragastric feeding model in male rats to determine hepatic sex hormone receptor activity under circumstances of chronic ethanol exposure and differing degrees of liver injury induced by type of dietary fat. Pathological analysis and quantitation of hepatic androgen receptor (AR) and estrogen receptor (ER) activity, serum sex hormones, and sex hormone-responsive protein and mRNA expression were performed. The activity of the physiologically relevant nuclear form of both AR and ER was significantly decreased with ethanol and correlated inversely with the severity of liver injury. Serum testosterone levels, as well as expression of an androgen-dependent hepatic mRNA, were decreased by ethanol and progressive liver injury. Serum estradiol increased with liver injury. We postulate that these changes in receptor activity may be due to the oxidative stress, reduced cellular energy, and/or altered cytokine milieu known to occur in this model.
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El-Battrawy, Ibrahim, Martin Borggrefe i Ibrahim Akin. "Hormone Status Correlates With Incidence of Heart Failure". Journal of the American College of Cardiology 70, nr 18 (październik 2017): 2312–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2017.07.797.
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Li, Jinnan, Miklos Z. Molnar, Joshua J. Zaritsky, John J. Sim, Elani Streja, Csaba P. Kovesdy, Isidro Salusky i Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh. "Correlates of parathyroid hormone concentration in hemodialysis patients". Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 28, nr 6 (24.01.2013): 1516–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfs598.
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Voigt, Cornelia. "Neuroendocrine correlates of sex-role reversal in barred buttonquails". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, nr 1843 (30.11.2016): 20161969. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.1969.
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Sex differences in brain structure and behaviour are well documented among vertebrates. An excellent model exploring the neural mechanisms of sex differences in behaviour is represented by sex-role-reversed species. In the majority of bird species, males compete over access to mates and resources more strongly than do females. It is thought that the responsible brain regions are therefore more developed in males than in females. Because these behaviours and brain regions are activated by androgens, males usually have increased testosterone levels during breeding. Therefore, in species with sex-role reversal, certain areas of the female brain should be more developed or steroid hormone profiles should be sexually reversed. Here, I studied circulating hormone levels and gene expression of steroid hormone receptors and aromatase in a captive population of barred buttonquails ( Turnix suscitator ). While females performed courtship and agonistic behaviours, there was no evidence for sexually reversed hormone profiles. However, I found female-biased sex differences in gene expression of androgen receptors in several hypothalamic and limbic brain regions that were already in place at hatching. Such sex differences are not known from non-sex-role-reversed species. These data suggest that increased neural sensitivity to androgens could be involved in the mechanisms mediating sex-role-reversed behaviours.
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Saxena, Aditi R., i Ellen W. Seely. "Luteinizing hormone correlates with adrenal function in postmenopausal women". Menopause: The Journal of The North American Menopause Society 19, nr 11 (listopad 2012): 1280–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/gme.0b013e31825540c4.
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Ramirez, AmandaJ, MichaelA Richards, Walter Gregory i ThomasK J. Craig. "Psychological correlates of hormone receptor status in breast cancer". Lancet 335, nr 8702 (czerwiec 1990): 1408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(90)91294-k.
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Papeschi, Anna, Federica Briganti i Francesco DessÌ-Fulgheri. "Winter Androgen Levels and Wattle Size in Male Common Pheasants". Condor 102, nr 1 (1.02.2000): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/102.1.193.
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Abstract We report the results of morphological and hormonal measurements of 101 male Common Pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) captured during winter and at the beginning of the breeding season in order to identify correlates of ornament size. Androgen levels in January were bimodally distributed with one group with low hormone levels and a second group with high levels. In February, log transformed androgen levels were normally distributed, with all males showing values similar to the high-level group in January. Wattle size was positively correlated with androgens in January but not in February, suggesting that this male trait can indicate the ability of quality males to start earlier androgen production.
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Metzler, Hannah, i Julie Grèzes. "Repeatedly adopting power postures does not affect hormonal correlates of dominance and affiliative behavior". PeerJ 7 (17.06.2019): e6726. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6726.
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Background Adopting expansive vs. constrictive postures related to high vs. low levels of social power has been suggested to induce changes in testosterone and cortisol levels, and thereby to mimic hormonal correlates of dominance behavior. However, these findings have been challenged by several non-replications recently. Despite this growing body of evidence that does not support posture effects on hormone levels, the question remains as to whether repeatedly holding postures over time and/or assessing hormonal responses at different time points would yield different outcomes. The current study assesses these methodological characteristics as possible reasons for previous null-findings. Additionally, it investigates for the first time whether expansive and constrictive postures impact progesterone levels, a suggested correlate of affiliative motives and behavior. By testing the effects of repeated but short posture manipulations in between the blocks of a social task while using a cover story, it further fulfills the conditions previously raised as potentially necessary for the effects to occur. Methods A total of 82 male participants repeatedly adopted an expansive or constrictive posture for 2 min in between blocks of a task that consisted in categorizing faces based on first impressions. Saliva samples were taken at two different time points in a time window in which hormonal responses to stress, competition and other manipulations are known to be strongest. Results Neither testosterone and cortisol levels linked to dominance behaviors, nor progesterone levels related to affiliative tendencies, responded differently to adopting expansive as opposed to constrictive postures. The present results suggest that even repeated power posing in a context where social stimuli are task-relevant does not elicit changes in hormone levels.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Hormone correlates"
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Khan, Samir. "Mediating role of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in anxiety and ischemia: Behavioural and physiological correlates". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/29051.
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Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) has been considered the quintessential 'stress' neuropeptide, as it mediates stress-induced activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and produces behavioural and autonomic responses analogous to natural stressors. However, the role of CRH in mediating the behavioural response to psychological stressors, also termed anxiety, is unclear due to inconsistent anxiolytic effects for CRH antagonists in processive stress models, and the central activation of CRH by non-anxiogenic stimuli. The first half of the current thesis examined the role of CRH, and amygdala CRH in particular, in the behavioural response to anxiety. The first experiment standardized the use of a neophobia-based feeding model for use as a behavioural index of anxiety. Using this model, the second experiment demonstrated that while exposure to an unfamiliar environment activates stress-relevant neural circuitry, activation of CRH receptors is not necessary for the expression of anxiety-like behavioral responses. In addition, amygdala CRH activation by novel stimuli is unaffected by changes in the organism's anxiety state. The second half of the current thesis focused on the role of CRH in neurotoxicity and behavioural deficits produced by global ischemic insults. It was demonstrated that global ischemic insults of 10--15 min duration produced short-term CRH increases in hypothalamic and amygdalar regions as well as the piriform cortex, perhaps mediating stress, inflammatory and/or epileptiform activity. This was followed by widespread CRH depletions throughout the brain at 24 h post-ischemia. However, by 72 h post-ischemia, just prior to the onset of cell death, CRH concentrations had normalized throughout the brain. Furthermore, there were no short or long term CRH changes at the CA1 hippocampal region, the area most vulnerable to cell death. Both selective and non-selective CRH antagonists failed to confer neuroprotection when administered before or shortly after an ischemic insult, and failed to protect against ischemia-induced spatial memory deficits. However, CRH1 antagonists did significantly attenuate ischemia-induced hyperactivity in the open field and in the elevated plus maze. Thus while ischemia-induced CRH activation does not appear to mediate subsequent neuronal degeneration, it may play a role in anxiety-related behavioural changes.
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Macey, Darrel John. "Neurobiological correlates of brain stimulation reward and ethanol withdrawal in the rat /". Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3001270.
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Perrot-Sinal, Tara Susan. "Anti-predator responses in rodents, sex differences and hormonal correlates". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0010/NQ40286.pdf.
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Tountas, Andrea M. "Hormonal Correlates of P50 Suppression in Socially Anxious Young Adults". ScholarWorks@UNO, 2016. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2194.
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Ten to 15% of the population is temperamentally shy and have elevated physiological stress responses to novel social situations. Yet, the neural mechanisms underlying this personality trait are not fully understood (Beaton et al., 2009; Schmidt et al., 1997). Efficiently attending to, acting on, and remembering relevant stimuli and filtering out less important information is critical given the sheer volume of sensory and perceptual stimuli the brain is exposed to.
Relevant stimuli that garner attention are remembered and consolidated with existing memories. Stimuli that do not warrant extended attention are ignored or habituated to in a process underpinned by cortical and subcortical inhibitory brain networks that reduce processing load on finite attentional resources (Freedman et al., 1991; Adler et al., 1998). Inefficient filtering of irrelevant stimuli could underpin anxiety in those with temperamental shyness and anxiety (Aron, Aron, & Davies, 2005). We measured the P50 auditory event-related potential (ERP) using a paired auditory click paradigm, as well as self-reported social anxiety and shyness, and salivary cortisol in two groups of healthy young adults selected for being very shy or very gregarious. While shy and gregarious groups demonstrated a similar P50 ERP to sound one (S1), the shy group showed elevated P50 amplitudes in response to the second sound (S2) compared to the gregarious group. Participants categorized as being lower or higher on social anxiety displayed a reverse pattern: those higher in social anxiety had a reduced response to S1 compared to those lower in social anxiety, yet a similar response to S2. Further, higher salivary cortisol predicted smaller differences and larger ratios in the P50 ERP from S1 to S2.
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Mays, Nora Ann 1952. "Hormonal correlates of reproductive behavior in the cooperatively breeding Harris' hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus)". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277088.
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I correlated the plasma titers of testosterone (T), estradiol (E), luteinizing hormone (LH), progesterone (P), corticosterone (B) and prolactin (Prl) with the reproductive behavior of breeders and adult and juvenal-plumaged helpers of the Harris' Hawk. During nest building, breeding males and adult male helpers had higher T levels than those in immature male helpers. Among females, only breeders had elevated T levels during nest building. During nest building, breeding females had higher E levels than those in adult and immature females helpers. Patterns of LH were similar to those of T and E. Concentrations of P and B varied only with handling time. During incubation, Prl titers were elevated only in breeding males and females. In contrast to other altricial species, all breeders showed no elevation in Prl levels during feeding of young. Among males, adult male helpers had the highest Prl levels while feeding young.
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Bowen, Michael. "Defensive aggregation to predatory threat in the laboratory rat: behavioural, neural, pharmacological and epigenetic correlates". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/11943.
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Abstract: Defensive aggregation is the tight clumping together of conspecifics observed in response to predatory threat across many species. While much field research has explored this social response to threat, in particular the important survival advantages it affords, it has received little examination in the laboratory. Chapter 2 of this thesis presents the first laboratory rodent model of defensive aggregation, demonstrating that it can be readily elicited in groups of four rats presented with an unconditioned stressor (cat fur or bright light). This provides a novel opportunity to explore the more subtle benefits accrued from defensive aggregation as well as its underlying neurobiology and pharmacology. Chapter 3 illustrates that defensive aggregation has a hitherto unknown social buffering effect that reduces neural and behavioural stress responsivity and facilitates reengagement in important non-threat-related behaviours. It also demonstrates that stable active and passive stress coping rats exist amongst populations that are group exposed to predator threat. Chapter 4 demonstrates that the neuropeptide oxytocin acts at vasopressin V1ARs to selectively promote social responding to threat without increasing anxiety-like behaviour. This suggests that developing novel pharmacotherapies that target V1ARs may prove useful for the treatment of chronic social withdrawal in the face of stress, which occurs in numerous psychiatric disorders. Finally, Chapter 5 provides the first report of striking epigenetic differences in the medial amygdala AVP system between active and passive coping rats, providing a potential mechanism through which the proactive response style seen in some animals confronted with threat might be maintained. It is hoped that the work presented in this thesis has served as a foundation for the future investigation of the neurobiological mechanisms driving, and adaptive benefits underlying, the social response to threat and an active stress coping strategy.
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Bentson, Kathleen Louise. "Hormonal, cardiovascular, and behavioral correlates of rank in male baboons during activities that occur in a social setting /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10670.
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Maschietto, Luciana Arioli. "Perfil de esteróides sexuais em cães com hiperadrenocorticismo - aspectos de diagnóstico e correlações clínicas". Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10136/tde-23082007-105711/.
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As enfermidades endócrinas, notadamente o hiperadrenocorticismo, têm grande importância dentre os quadros mórbidos que acometem a espécie canina. A produção excessiva de ACTH pode, nas adrenais, estimular o aumento não só de glicocorticóides, mas também de hormônios sexuais. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram: avaliar as concentrações séricas dos hormônios esteroidais sexuais (progesterona, 17-hidroxiprogesterona, testosterona e androstenediona), em cães com hiperadrenocorticismo de decurso natural (não iatrogênico) e em cães hígidos; e correlacionar as alterações do perfil esteroidal sexual em cães com hiperadrenocorticismo às manifestações clínicas tegumentares e sistêmicas. Foram utilizados 14 cães com hiperadrenocorticismo endógeno e 15 cães hígidos, os quais compuseram o Grupo controle. O Grupo 1 (animais com hiperadrenocorticismo) foi submetido às determinações bioquímicas, hematimétricas, exame de urina, ultra- sonografia abdominal e ao teste de supressão com dexametasona em dose baixa com colheita basal e oito horas após supressão. Tanto os animais doentes (Grupo 1) quanto aqueles hígidos do (Grupo 2) foram submetidos ao teste de estimulação com ACTH com determinação dos esteróides sexuais no momento zero e após uma hora da administração do fármaco. Os achados mais freqüentes nos animais doentes foram: polidpsia, poliúria, polifagia, cansaço fácil, intolerância ao exercício, abdômen abaulado, hepatomegalia e alterações dermatológicas. As alterações laboratoriais encontradas nos cães com hiperadrenocorticismo foram: hiperfosfatasemia alcalina, hipertrigliceridemia, hipercolesterolemia, leucocitose por neutrofilia, linfopenia, eosinofilia, monocitose, hipercortisolismo basal e após supressão com dexametasona. No exame de urina evidenciou-se hipostenúria, bacteriúria e glicosúria. Na ultra- sonografia, adrenomegalia e hepatomegalia foram os achados mais freqüentes. As determinações dos esteróides sexuais foram realizadas nos dois grupos e os valores detectados nos animais hígidos serviram de comparação com aqueles enfermos onde foram observados, no momento basal, aumentos de testosterona (três cães) e 17-hidroxiprogesterona (um cão). Após o estímulo com ACTH observou-se aumento da testosteronemia em três cães, da 17-OHP em cinco animais e em um hiperprogesteronemia.The endocrine disorders, especially hyperadrenocorticism, has notorious importance among all the diseases that affect the canine species. The high production of ACTH can stimulate the adrenals to produce highly amount of glicocorticoid and sexual hormones. The aim of this study were: determine the serum concentration of sexual hormones (progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, testosterone and androstenedione) in dogs with natural hyperadrenocorticism (not iatrogenic) and in health dogs, and correlate the alterations between sexual steroids in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism and the clinical manifestations of skin and systemic. It was selected 14 dogs with natural hyperadrenocorticism and 15 healthy dogs that were the control group. The group 1 (dogs with hyperadrenocorticism) were submitted to bioquimical determination, CBC, urine test, abdominal ultrasonography and the low dose of dexamethasone suppression test, with two gather, basal and eight hours after use of dexamethasone. Both Group 1 and 2 were submitted to ACTH stimulation test with determination of sexual steroids at first moment (zero moment) and after one hour of ACTH. The most often find on group 1 (dogs with hyperadrenocorticism) were: polydpsia, polyuria, polyphagia, high exhaustion exercise intolerance, pot belly abdomen, hepatomegaly and the dermatologic alterations. The laboratorial alterations on Group 1 were: high alkaline phosphatase, high triglycerides, high cholesterol, leukocytosis, neutrofilia, linfopenia, eosinofilia, monocytosis, high basal cortisol and after suppression with dexamethasone. At the urine test hypostenuria, high prevalence of bacteria and glicosúria. At ultrasonography adrenomegaly and hepatomegaly were most frequently finds. The sexual steroids rating were done in both groups and the results of healthy dogs (Group 2) were used of reference values of comparison with sickness dogs (Group 1), at zero moment were seen the rise of values of testosterone (tree dogs) and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (one dog). After stimulations of ACTH were seen the rise of testosterone on tree dogs, the 17-hydroxyprogesterone in five dogs e the progesterone in one dog.
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Pontes, Mariana Chiste. "Correlato hormonal do comportamento reprodutivo de machos de sag?i comum (Callithrix jacchus) em ambiente natural". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2006. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17367.
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Previous issue date: 2006-10-23Contrary to what is recorded for Callithrix jacchus females, the social interactions and hormonal profiles of males are less studied, and mainly in wild groups. The goal of this study was to investigate the behavioral and endocrine profiles of reproductive (RMs) and non-reproductive (NRs) common marmoset adult free-ranging males living in two natural groups (GC1 and GR2). The groups inhabited the area of the Escola Agr?cola de Jundia?/UFRN, located in Maca?ba, Brazil. Fecal collection for cortisol and androgen measurement and behavioral monitoring was carried out during the active phase from April to September, 2005. For behavioral data collection the focal instantaneous method was used every 5 min, for a total of 11.563 records. Statistical analysis was performed using non parametric tests and p < 0.05. Besides showing diurnal variation, the frequency of affiliative behaviors was significantly higher for RMs toward reproductive females than for NRs. Affiliative interactions of RMs with both reproductive females and NRs were similar, probably related to pair bond formation and helper recruitment, respectively. Parental care was also similar for both RMs and NRs. Both androgen and cortisol levels increased after the birth of the infants, mainly in RMs. The longitudinal profile of androgens fluctuates more in response to agonistic encounters and sexual behavior than that of cortisol. The mean basal excretion of both hormones was significantly higher in RMs and seems to reflect their higher participation in territorial vigilance and mate guarding behaviors. Significant positive correlations were found between agonism and cortisol and androgen hormones. These results describe, for the first time, the behavioral and hormonal profiles of common marmosets living in free-ranging groups and suggest that reproductive males are more responsive both behaviorally and hormonally to social group dynamics
Ao contr?rio do que ocorre para as f?meas da esp?cie Callithrix jacchus, as intera??es sociais e perfis hormonais de machos s?o pouco estudados, principalmente em grupos naturais. O objetivo desse estudo foi estabelecer os perfis comportamental e end?crino de machos adultos reprodutores (MRs) e n?o reprodutores (MnRs) vivendo em ambiente natural em dois grupos silvestres (GC1 e GR2). Os grupos habitavam a ?rea da Escola Agr?cola de Jundia?/UFRN, localizada no munic?pio de Maca?ba. A coleta de fezes para dosagem de cortisol e andr?genos e o monitoramento comportamental foram feitas uma vez por semana durante a fase de atividade no per?odo de abril a setembro de 2005. A coleta de dados comportamentais foi feita usando o m?todo focal instant?neo a cada 5 minutos para cada animal, em um total de observa??o de 11.563 registros. Para a an?lise estat?stica, foram utilizados testes n?o param?tricos e p < 0,05. Al?m de apresentarem varia??o diurna significativa, a freq??ncia de comportamentos afiliativos foi maior entre os pares reprodutores, comparado aos registros entre os MnRs e as f?meas reprodutoras. As intera??es afiliativas dos MRs com as f?meas reprodutoras foram semelhantes a freq??ncia de intera??es entre os focais (MRs e MnRs), possivelmente em fun??o da liga??o do par e recrutamento de ajudantes, respectivamente. O comportamento de cuidado com o infante tamb?m foi semelhante entre os MRs e MnRs e os n?veis de cortisol e andr?genos se elevaram ap?s o nascimento dos filhotes, principalmente nos MRs. O perfil longitudinal dos andr?genos flutuou mais em resposta aos encontros agonistas e contextos de c?pulas do que o cortisol. A excre??o basal m?dia de cortisol e andr?genos foi significativamente maior nos MRs e parecem refletir o maior envolvimento destes em contextos de territorialidade, vigil?ncia e guarda da parceira no grupo social. Correla??es positivas significativas foram detectadas entre a freq??ncia de comportamentos agon?sticos e os horm?nios cortisol e andr?genos. Estes resultados descrevem pela primeira vez o perfil comportamental associado ao perfil hormonal de machos de C. jacchus vivendo em grupos silvestres e sugerem que o macho reprodutor ? mais responsivo tanto comportamental como hormonalmente a din?mica do grupo social
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Zablith, Ana Cristina Aranha. "Tirotoxicose experimental em gatos : estudo ultra-sonográfico das alterações hepáticas e suas correlações com os níveis séricos das enzimas hepáticas, dos hormônios tiroideos e achados histológicos e citológicos /". Botucatu, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89116.
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Orientador : Lucy Marie Ribeiro MunizResumo: O hipertiroidismo é caracterizado pelo aumento das concentrações dos hormônios tiroideos, podendo levar a alterações cardiovasculares, hepáticas, renais, hematológicas, além de alterações de comportamento tanto em humanos quanto em animais. Neste estudo procurou-se investigar as alterações ultrasonográficas hepáticas produzidas pelo hipertiroidismo e correlacioná-las com os níveis séricos das enzimas hepáticas e achados citológicos e histológicos do fígado. Para tanto 20 gatos foram induzidos ao estado hipertiroideo pela administração de levotiroxina sódica, por via oral, na dose de 150 mg/kg, a cada 24 horas, durante 42 dias. Foram feitas avaliações ultra-sonográficas do fígado e colheitas de sangue semanais (M0 a M6), para dosagem das enzimas hepáticas e dos hormônios tiroideos, além de colheita de material para os exames citológicos e histológicos em M0, imediatamente antes do início da indução à tirotoxicose, e em M6, ao final do período experimental. Os resultados mostraram haver elevação das concentrações séricas de T4, livre e total, a partir da primeira semana experimental, no entanto os níveis de T3 total não sofreram alterações significativas. As enzimas hepáticas séricas também se apresentaram discretamente elevadas, porém sem significância estatística. Ocorreu correlação positiva entre os níveis séricos de TT4 e FT4, FT4 e FA, e ALT e AST... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo).
Abstract: Hyperthyroidism is characterized by high concentrations of thyroid hormones, what may lead to cardiovascular, hepatic, renal and haematological alterations and behavioral changes in humans as well in animals. This study aimed to investigate ultrasonographic changes of liver parenchyma produced by hyperthyroidism and correlate them with serum hepatic enzymes levels and cytological and histological findings. Twenty cats were induced into hyperthyroid state by the administration, per oral, of 150 mg/kg dose of sodium L-thyroxine, each 24 hour, during 42 days. Sonographic evaluation of liver parenchyma and collection of blood samples were made weekly (M0-6), the last one to dose hepatic enzymes and thyroid hormones, besides collection of hepatic cells and tissue samples for cytological and histological analysis at M0, immediately before the beginning of the thyrotoxicosis induction, and M6, at the end of the experimental period. Results showed an increase on serum concentrations of total T4 and free T4 since the first week, however values for total T3 did not suffer significant variations. Serum hepatic enzymes also showed slight increase but not enough to be statistically significative. There was positive correlation between TT4 and FT4, FT4 and alkaline phosphatase (FA), and ALT and AST. Hyperthyroid state produced an hipoechoic liver pattern with progressive emergence of hyperecogenic periportal infiltration following TT4 curve. Cytological and histological findings although non specific at M6 suggested hepatitis. We could observe that changes on liver sonographic image preceded elevations on serum hepatic enzymes and occurred concomitant with alterations on TT4 and FT4 levels
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Książki na temat "Hormone correlates"
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Eleftheriou, Basil E., i Richard L. Sprott. Hormonal Correlates of Behavior : Volume 2: An Organismic View. Springer London, Limited, 2012.
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Eleftheriou, Basil E., i Richard L. Sprott. Hormonal Correlates of Behavior : Volume 2: An Organismic View. Springer, 2011.
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Eleftheriou, Basil E., i Richard L. Sprott. Hormonal Correlates of Behavior : Volume 2: An Organismic View. Springer, 2011.
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Guglielmi, Valeria, Judith Souget, Wouter van Elzelingen, Ingo Willuhn i Nienke Vulink. Influence of Sex Hormones on OCD. Redaktor Christopher Pittenger. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228163.003.0027.
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OCD symptoms often seem to correlate with hormonal changes. For example, onset during puberty or in the postpartum period is common, and some female patients report monthly fluctuations in their symptoms. This chapter reviews available evidence about the interaction between the sex hormones estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone, and the neuropeptide oxytocin, and the initiation, amelioration, or exacerbation of OCD symptoms. Human studies as well as animal studies are reviewed. Furthermore, suggestions for clinical practice are provided, including: patient education, screening and treatment of perinatal OCD, cognitive behavioral therapy, and pharmacotherapy. The chapter concludes with suggestions on future research into the onset and exacerbation of OCD in women relative to reproductive cycle events.
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Eleftheriou, Basil. Hormonal Correlates of Behavior : Volume 1 : a Lifespan View / Volume 2: An Organismic View. Springer, 2013.
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O’Neal, M. Angela. Hormonal Contraception in a Woman with Headache. Redaktor Angela O’Neal. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190609917.003.0001.
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This chapter examines key issues around contraception in women with migraine. There is a small risk of stroke in migraine with aura. This is magnified when combined with other risk factors, such as smoking and hypertension. The use of combined oral contraceptive pills, or OCPs, contributes independently to stroke risk. This risk appears to be correlated with estrogen, but not with progesterone. In addition, the interactions of migraine-prophylactic medications with OCPs are delineated. The appropriate choice of contraceptive method should be made on an individual basis, taking into account their headache type, medications they are using, and cerebrovascular risk factors.
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Bagul, A., i Saba Balasubramanian. Treatment of adrenal tumours. Redaktor James W. F. Catto. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0095.
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The incidence of adrenal tumours has risen dramatically over the last two decades, mainly due to the incidental detection of adrenal lesions on cross sectional imaging performed for other diseases. These ‘incidentalomas’ are commoner than the well-known hormonal syndromes such as Cushing’s, Conn’s, and pheochromocytoma. Suspicion or detection of an adrenal tumour should result in a detailed biochemical and structural evaluation in a multidisciplinary setting. The relatively low incidence of adrenal disease coupled with the varied nature of presentation makes concentration of volume and encouragement of expertise difficult in this area; however, these are important as it correlates directly with outcome.
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O’Neal, M. Angela. Seizures Occurring Once a Month. Redaktor Angela O’Neal. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190609917.003.0005.
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In this chapter, the hormonal influences on epilepsy are discussed. Catamenial epilepsy is defined when seizure frequency increases correlated with certain phases of the menstrual cycle. The most common type as demonstrated by this patient is the perimenstrual exacerbation, C1. This corresponds to a progesterone decline. The next most common pattern is the periovulatory exacerbation, C2. This is characterized by an increase in seizure frequency associated with ovulation and the associated surge in estrogen. The luteal pattern, C3, is the least frequent. In this pattern, seizure frequency increases in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. An approach to treatment of catamenial epilepsy is reviewed.
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Yehuda, Rachel. Neuroendocrinology of PTSD. Redaktorzy Charles B. Nemeroff i Charles R. Marmar. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190259440.003.0020.
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Initial studies on the neuroendocrine basis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) showed a biological dysregulation of stress response systems that appeared to be incompatible with the stress response theories that had prevailed when PTSD was first established as a diagnosis. Cortisol levels were found to be lower and catecholamine higher in patients with PTSD than in those with major depression and other psychiatric disorders. There was no explanation for why levels of two stress hormones that are generally correlated—cortisol and norepinephrine—would be different, and it was also not clear why cortisol levels would be on the low end of the normal spectrum, when the classic stress response paradigms suggested stress results in elevated cortisol. The study of neuroendocrinology and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis alterations in PTSD provides an object lesson in how paradoxical observations might be pursued toward a better understanding of the pathophysiology of a disorder. This chapter reviews HPA findings in PTSD in cross-sectional and prospective longitudinal studies.
Części książek na temat "Hormone correlates"
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Nottelmann, Editha D., Elizabeth J. Susman, Jerome H. Blue, Gale Inoff-Germain, Lorah D. Dorn, D. Lynn Loriaux, Gordon B. Cutler i George P. Chrousos. "Gonadal and Adrenal Hormone Correlates of Adjustment in Early Adolescence". W Biological-Psychosocial Interactions in Early Adolescence, 303–23. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003217992-15.
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Celi, Francesco S. "Modalities of Thyroid Hormone Administration and Correlates Between Blood and Tissue Levels". W Thyroid and Heart, 363–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36871-5_26.
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Shek, L. L., i W. Godolphin. "Overview of the Prognostic and Clinical Correlates of Steroid Hormone Receptors in Human Breast Cancer". W High-Risk Breast Cancer, 213–29. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73718-3_11.
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Saaresranta, Tarja, i Olli Polo. "Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Hormones". W Neuroendocrine Correlates of Sleep/Wakefulness, 437–70. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-23692-9_23.
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Chatterton, Robert T., Frank A. DeLeon-Jones, Gerald A. Hudgens, Alice J. Dan i Kerry L. Cheesman. "Hormonal Responses to Exercise in Non-Athletic Women". W Neuroendocrine Correlates of Stress, 125–37. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8553-0_8.
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Boivin, Diane B. "Disturbances of Hormonal Circadian Rhythms in Shift Workers". W Neuroendocrine Correlates of Sleep/Wakefulness, 325–53. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-23692-9_17.
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Finkelstein, D. B., S. A. Finlayson, M. C. Drew, W. R. Jordan, R. A. Wing i P. W. Morgan. "Ethylene Dependent Aerenchyma Formation is Correlated with Diverse Gene Expression Patterns". W Biology and Biotechnology of the Plant Hormone Ethylene II, 339–41. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4453-7_61.
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Hines, M. "Hormonal and Neural Correlates of Sex-Typed Behavioral Development in Human Beings". W The Development of Sex Differences and Similarities in Behavior, 131–49. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1709-8_8.
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Masuda, Takayuki. "Size Distribution Pattern of Thyroid Follicles and Langerhans Islets Correlated with Their Hormone-secreting Activity". W Science on Form, 527–32. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3757-4_61.
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Kharusi, Amira Al. "Pathological Correlates to Prolactin and Growth Hormone". W Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 12, 1–31. Book Publisher International (a part of SCIENCEDOMAIN International), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rrab/v12/10965d.
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Barbano, Raffaela, Barbara Pasculli, Michelina Rendina, Andrea Fontana, Caterina Fusilli, Massimiliano Copetti, Stefamo Castellana i in. "Abstract 4734: miR-9-5p expression in breast cancer correlates with hormone receptor status and affects patients survival". W Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2017; April 1-5, 2017; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-4734.
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Marić, Dora, Šime Veršić i Šimun Vasilj. "Doping knowledge and doping attitudes in competitive bodybuilding". W 12th International Conference on Kinanthropology. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-30.
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Purpose: Bodybuilding becomes more visible and acceptable within mainstream society thanks to social media, which is promoting, and developing grooving interest in bodies, fit-ness and active lifestyle. However, this is concerning knowing that according to the latest world anti-doping agency report bodybuilding is one of two sports with the highest number of Anti-Doping Rule Violations (ADRVs) committed by athletes. This study aimed to evaluate doping attitudes and correlates of doping attitudes in top level body builders. Methods: Study included 26 competitive bodybuilders form Croatia. Variables were collect-ed by a previously validated Questionnaire of Substance Use (QSU). Statistical procedures included means and standard deviations (for parametric variables), frequencies and percent-ages (for ordinal and nominal variables). Spearman’s correlations were calculated to deter-mine associations between studied variables. Results: The most positive attitudes are found towards injectable anabolic steroids (mean ± standard deviation; 4.00 ± 1.52), followed by fat burners (3.73 ± 1.46), growth hormone (3.69 ± 1.64), and estrogen blockers (3.60 ± 1.22), oral anabolic steroids (3.58 ± 1.27). Sig-nificant correlation was identified between: (i) result achieved in bodybuilding (RBB) and alcohol consumption, (R= -0.57 p < 0.05) (ii) RBB and subjective knowledge on nutrition (R=0.66, p < 0.05), (iii) RBB and subjective knowledge on doping (R=0.72, p < 0.05). Conclusion: The lack of correlation between self-perceived competence and objectively eval-uated knowledge on nutrition is alarming due to the possible “anchoring effect”, accordingly even though objective knowledge is not correlated with attitudes towards doping substances, it is important to properly educate athletes who are in the misconception of their true knowl-edge.
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Valero, V., S. Bacus, A. Mangalik, I. Rabinowitz, F. Arena, J. Kroener, E. Curcio, C. Watkins, P. Magill i M. Cristofanilli. "Molecular marker correlates of clinical outcome in a phase II study of gefitinib or placebo in combination with anastrozole in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer." W CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2008 Abstracts. American Association for Cancer Research, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-3131.
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Geronymo, Beatriz Baaklini, Filomena Marino Carvalho, Adriana Akemi Yoshimura, Juliana Zabukas de Andrade, Danúbia Ariana de Andrade i Alfredo Carlos Simões Dornellas de Barros. "CORRELATION BETWEEN THE PRESENCE OF ANDROGENIC RECEPTORS AND MOLECULAR AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL VARIABLES IN BREAST CANCER". W Scientifc papers of XXIII Brazilian Breast Congress - 2021. Mastology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942021v31s1061.
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Introduction: The expression of androgenic receptors (AR) is a new predictive marker of response and prognosis in invasive breast carcinoma (BC). It emerges as a potential therapeutic target. Objectives: To evaluate the frequency of AR positivity and its correlation with molecular and histopathological parameters in infiltrative BC. Methods: Retrospective cohort study, analyzing 119 cases of non-metastatic invasive BC, seen at a private clinic. Hormonal receptors were screened by immunohistochemical reaction, and AR were considered positive when present in at least 10% of cells, ER and PR from 1%. This finding was correlated with pathological staging, histological grade (HG), vascular-lymphatic invasion (VLI), estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), HER2 and Ki 67. Results: AR were positive in 96 cases (80.6%). The correlation with the surveyed parameters can be seen in the table. Conclusions: AR positivity is associated with more differentiated hormone-dependent tumors and with a lower proliferation rate.
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Rabinovich, Iris, Isabela Chaves Monteiro Soares, Julia Mizrahi Jakobson, Eduardo Milleo Kac i Bruno Luiz Zonta. "PREDICTIVE VARIABLES OF PATHOLOGIC COMPLETE RESPONSE (PCR) IN INVASIVE DUCTAL CARCINOMA". W Scientifc papers of XXIII Brazilian Breast Congress - 2021. Mastology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942021v31s1054.
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Introduction: Achieving a pCR after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is generally associated with better outcomes. Identifying modifiable and non-modifiable variables that correlate with a complete response is important to treatment. Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify clinical and immunohistochemical variables that correlate with pCR, in a public and a private breast cancer unit in the city of Curitiba, state of Paraná, Brazil. Methods: A retrospective analysis was carried out through medical records at Hospital de Clínicas- UFPR and Centro de Doenças da Mama- Hospital Nossa Senhora das Graças. Patients who underwent surgical treatment after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, in the period from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2020, due to an invasive ductal carcinoma were selected. Clinical and immunohistochemical variables were correlated to the presence of pCR. Ethical committee approval n. 4,295,049. Results: In 240 cases included, 66 (27.5%) reached pCR. There was a significant correlation between pCR and the negativity of the hormonal receptors (p=0.002), HER2 positivity (p=0.002), Ki67 expression (p=0.012) and molecular subtypes (p=0.001). A ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve analysis identified a 50% percentage as the best cut-off value to predict complete response. On the other hand, it was not observed a significant correlation between pCR and body mass index, or physical activity. Conclusions: There is a strong correlation between immunohistochemical parameters and pCR. Further studies are needed to determine the correlation between modifiable variables.
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Zeng, Hansong, Yi Zhao, Timothy Butterfield, Sudha Agarwal, Haq Furqan i Thomas Best. "Biomechanical Device Towards Quantitative Massage". W ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67924.
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Massage therapies are widely employed for improving and recovering tissue functions and physical activities. It is generally believed that such therapies would promote health and well-being by many possible mechanisms, including fastening muscle blood flow, parasympathetic activity, releasing relaxation hormones and inhibiting muscle tension, neuromuscular excitability and stress hormones. Nonetheless, most of current research is based on statistics and thus qualitative, preventing the in-depth study of the effectiveness. This is partially due to the lack of appropriate tools for quantitative loading and in situ assessment of tissue performance. To address this, we develop a biomechanical device to mimic massage therapies by applying controllable mechanical forces to animal tissues during cyclic mechanical motions. The device can apply compressive loads normal to the tissue surface and generate lengthwise motion along the tissue surface. Mechanical forces are applied with controllable magnitudes, frequencies and durations. Tissue mechanical response is recorded and correlated to the loading parameters. The changes of bulk tissue compliance and viscoelastic properties under various loading conditions are evaluated. The improvement of tissue functions and inhibition of muscle inflammation are examined. The results show that the peak torque production increased after massage, which suggests the recovery of muscle functions. A reduced number of infiltrating leukocytes is also observed in the subject muscle fibers after massage. Findings of this study suggest that the biomechanical device offers a quantitative analysis of massage actions, which will help to determine the optimal range of loading conditions required for safe and effective use of massage therapies.
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Shidfar, Ali, Tolulope Fatokun, Richard Heinz, Sivaraman Iyer, Denise Scholtens, Robert T. Chatterton, Seema A. Khan i Jun Wang. "Abstract 5756: Protein biomarkers for breast cancer risk are specifically correlated with local steroid hormones in nipple aspirate fluid". W Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-5756.
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Fujii, S., i T. Kariya. "PLATELET FUNCTION AND LIPOPROTEINS IN PATIENTS WITH HYPOTHYROIDISM". W XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643474.
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Platelet function and serum lipoprotein levels were studied in ten patients (two males and eight females) with hypothyroidism. Platelet aggregation and ATP release were determined by Lumi-aggregometer using ADP , collagen and epinephrine as stimulants. Platelet factor 4 (PF4) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) were determined by radioimmunoassay. High density lipoproteincholesterol (HDL-C) was determined by heparin-manga-nese method. HDL subfractions were separated by gradient gel electrophoresis (PAA 4/30). Apolipopro-teins were measured by single radial immunodiffusion. Platelet aggregation increased in those patients at stimulating by epinephrine. ATP release also increased at stimulating by epinephrine. PF4 increased at stimulating by epinephrine. TXB2 increased at stimu-lating--by ADP or epinephrine significantly (p<0.05), respectively. Platelet aggregation was not correlated with thyroid hormones or total cholesterol levels.But it had a positive correlation tendency with HDL-C or HDL2-C and a negative one with HDL3-C levels.These results suggested some relationships between platelet function and HDL metabolism in patients with hypothyroidism.
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Silva, Maria Gabriela Ferreira, Isabella Cristina Santos Soares, Flávia Pinto Cardozo, Flávia Maria Souza Clímaco i Aguinaldo Ferreira Leite Filho. "COMPLETE PATHOLOGICAL RESPONSE AFTER NEOADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY IN BREAST CANCER PATIENTS: ANALYSIS OF 83 PATIENTS TREATED AT A FEDERAL PUBLIC SERVICE". W Scientifc papers of XXIII Brazilian Breast Congress - 2021. Mastology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942021v31s1057.
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Introduction: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is performed before surgical treatment and aims to make a locally advanced tumor operable, provide conservative treatment, demonstrate tumor sensitivity in vivo and evaluate the pathological response (PR) to treatment. PR is an important prognostic factor, and several studies have demonstrated a correlation between the biological factors of the tumor and its response rate. Patients with a pathologic complete response (PCR) present a longer survival rate compared to those with residual disease. Objectives: The main objective was to assess PCR in patients with breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. As secondary objectives, we identified clinical-pathological variables related to PCR and correlated the pathologic response in the breast with the axillary response after chemotherapy. Methods: Four hundred and forty-four medical records of patients seen in the Mastology sector were reviewed between January 2016 and July 2019. Eighty-three patients were selected, with 361 cases that did not meet the inclusion criteria being excluded. The exclusion criteria were benign disease, neoadjuvant hormone therapy, neoadjuvant radiation therapy, trastuzumab associated with chemotherapy, upfront surgery and patients who did not receive surgical treatment after chemotherapy. The variables analyzed were age, tumor size, axillary involvement, histological type and grade, molecular subtype and PCR. Results: Most patients were over 50 years of age (62%) and had tumors larger than 5 cm (75%). Fifty of them (60%) had initial axillary involvement. Among the 83 patients, 64 (77%) did not obtain a pathologic response in the breast and armpit. Two (3%) showed a response only in the breast. PCR was observed in 17 patients (20%) and almost half of them were under 50 years of age (47%). Moderately differentiated (grade 2) and undifferentiated (grade 3) tumors, accounted for 96% of cases and had a higher rate ofPCR than grade 1 tumors. In HER2 positive subtypes, PCR occurred in 36% and in negative triples in 22%, being higher than in luminous A and B subtypes (15% and 17%, respectively). Conclusions: The histological grade and molecular subtypes correlate with the pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. More undifferentiated tumors and the triple negative and HER 2 positive molecular subtypes have a higher PCR rate. Despite the small sample, the results of this study were similar to those in the medical literature. A higher number of cases is necessary to corroborate the data obtained, as well as a longer follow-up time to demonstrate the relationship between PCR and survival.
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Makiko, Aoki, Satoshi Suzuki i Ryouma Anzai. "Relationship between activation of prefrontal cortex and testosterone in N-back task". W 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001830.
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Purpose: Individual and gender differences are an important topic in the study of human cognition. In general, it has been shown that women are superior at verbal ability and associative memory, while men are better at tasks related to numbers, logic, and spatial recognition. Among them, it has been reported that cerebral blood flow in the prefrontal cortex increases during the N-back task, a working memory task. The relationship between sex hormones and cerebral blood flow remains unelucidated, although sex hormones and depressive mood are both factors that affect the function of the prefrontal cortex (cognitive function). Therefore, the present study aimed to clarify the relationship between the testosterone and cognitive function.Methods: The subjects included 6men and 16 women aged 20–35 years. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), a brain function imaging device, was attached to the forehead of the subjects, and Oxyhemoglobin (Oxy-Hb) was measured during the N-back task. Oxy-Hb was measured during the N-back task using a NIRS system in the CHs 1-4 (right side), CHs 7-10 (center), and CHs 13-16 (left side) , and saliva was collected to measure the testosterone concentration. Subsequently, the correlation coefficient between the initial activation and testosterone concentration was calculated. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Kanagawa institute of technology (No. 20191011-01).Result: The items that were significantly correlated with testosterone were the initial activation CH13-16 in the 0-back task (r=48, p=.02). And the correct response rate (r=.42, p=.03), reaction time (p=.46, p=.03) and initial activation of CH13-16 (r=.68, p=.007) in the 1-back task. Conclusion: In adults, testosterone was associated with initial activation of the NIRS Oxy-Hb signal in the 0-back and 1-back tasks. Furthermore, in the 1-back task, testosterone was associated with correct response rate, the reaction time, and initial activation of the NIRS Oxy-Hb signal of CH13-16. This result suggests that testosterone may be related to left prefrontal cortex activation and responsiveness to presentation of the N-back task.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Hormone correlates"
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Dunham, Rex A., Boaz Moav, Thomas Chen i Benzion Cavari. Expression and Inheritance of Growth Hormone Gene Constructs and Selective Breeding of Transgenic Farmed Fish. United States Department of Agriculture, sierpień 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568774.bard.
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Objectives: To accomplish stable expression, inheritance of transgenes and growth improvement in transgenic channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, and common carp, Cyprinus carpio, containing growth hormone (GH) genes, develop transgenic fish with all fish constructs, determine the relationships between copy number, expression and growth, determine the combined affect of selective breeding and gene transfer and assess environmental risk of transgenic fish. To develop mechanisms of triploidization for transgenic carp. Results: Performance of transgenic channel catfish was made uniform by selection. Growth of channel catfish and common carp was improved 40-50% more by combining gene transfer of GH genes with selection and crossbreeding than with either selection of crossbreeding. Growth improvement of transgenic catfish was not strongly correlated with copy number and expression levels. Progress was made in producting triploid transgenic common carp. Insertion of salmonid GH gene did not alter reproductive performance in channel catfish. Transgenic channel catfish grew no faster than controls when they had to forage on natural food and transgenic individuals were slightly more vulnerable to predation indicating that fitness of transgenic individuals in natural conditions is less than or equal to non-transgenic channel catfish. Contribution to Agriculture: These experiments are the first to demonstrate that transgenic fish can increase aquaculture production in the aquaculture production in the aquaculture environment. This research also demonstrated that maximum benefit of gene transfer in farmed fish is attained when combined with traditional selective breeding.
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Hefetz, Abraham, i Gene Robinson. Hormonal and Pheromonal Regulation of Reproduction in the Bumble Bee Bombus terrestris. United States Department of Agriculture, lipiec 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568775.bard.
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Bombus terrestris constitute important pollinators of greenhouse crops. In Israel the species utilized is, whose colonies are reared commercially. This is a primitively social species with a particular colony development. It encompasses two social phases: a eusocial phase in which the queen dominates reproduction, and a competition phase in which workers compete with the queen for the parentage of males. These workers are distinguished by accelerated ovarian development, high production of JH, and elevated levels of dopamine in the brain. Queen-worker conflict is also manifested in overt aggression among all members of the nest. High aggression is correlated with dominance status of the bees and is also correlated with octopamine levels in the brain. After verifying that JH III is the only JH produced by the bees and validating the assay for its measurements (RCA & RIA), we used JH as an indicator of worker reproduction. Queens taken from colonies both before and after the competition phase were equally effective in inhibiting worker reproduction. Moreover, there is only a narrow window, around the competition point, in which workers may have the opportunity to initiate reproduction. Before that point they are inhibited by the dominant queen, while after that point both the queen and those workers with accelerated ovarian development exert strong inhibition on worker nest mates. Thus, "queen dominance deterioration" is not the primary cause in eliciting the queen-worker conflict. Queens convey their presence by means of a chemical signal that is extractable in organic solvent and that is normally spread on the cuticle. Total body extract and body washes, applied on dead virgin queens, were able to inhibit the release of JHin vitro in queenless workers. However, none of the prominent exocrine gland investigated mimicked this function. It is possible that the source of the putative pheromone is an unknown gland, or that it emanates from an assembly of glands. Chemical analyses of the prominent glands revealed a plethora of compounds the function of which should be further investigated. Understanding the social behavior of B. terrestris paves the way to facilitate colony manipulation and to adjust the colonies for specific pollination requirements.
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Applebaum, Shalom W., Lawrence I. Gilbert i Daniel Segal. Biochemical and Molecular Analysis of Juvenile Hormone Synthesis and its Regulation in the Mediterranean Fruit Fly (Ceratitis capitata). United States Department of Agriculture, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7570564.bard.
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Original Objectives and revisions: (1) "To determine the biosynthetic pathway of JHB3 in the adult C. capitata CA in order to establish parameters for the future choice and synthesis of suitable inhibitors". Modified: to determine the pattern of FR-7 biosynthesis during normal reproductive maturation, and identify enzymes potentially involved in its synthesis. (2) "To correlate allatal epoxidase activity to the biosynthesis of JHB3 at different stages of reproductive maturation/vitellogenesis and evaluate the hypothesis that a specific JH-epoxidase may be rate limiting". Modified: to study the effects of epoxidase inhibitors on the pattern of allatal JH biosynthesis in vitro and on female reproduction in vive. (3) "To probe and clone the gene homologous to ap from C. capitata, determine its exon-intron organization, sequence it and demonstrate its spatial and temporal expression in larvae, pupae and adults." The "Medfly" (Ceratitis capitata) is a serious polyphagous fruit pest, widely distributed in subtropical regions. Damage is caused by oviposition and subsequent development of larvae. JH's are dominant gonadotropic factors in insects. In the higher Diptera, to which the Medfly belongs, JHB3 is a major homolog. It comprises 95% of the total JH produced in vitro in D. melanogaster, with JH-III found as a minor component. The biosynthesis of both JH-III and JHB3 is dependent on epoxidation of double bonds in the JH molecule. The specificity of such epoxidases is unknown. The male accessory gland D. melanogaster produces a Sex Peptide, transferred to the female during copulation. SP reduces female receptivity while activating specific JH biosynthesis in vitro and inducing oviposition in vive. It also reduces pheromone production and activates CA of the moth Helicoverpa armigera. In a previous study, mutants of the apterous (ap) gene of D. melanogaster were analyzed. This gene induces previteilogenic arrest which can be rescued by external application of JH. Considerable progress has been made in recombinant DNA technology of the Medfly. When fully operative, it might be possible to effectively transfer D. melanogaster endocrine gene-lesions into the Medfly as a strategy for their genetic control. A marked heterogeneity in the pattern of JH homologs produced by Medfly CA was observed. Contrary to the anticipated biosynthesis of JHB;, significant amounts of an unknown JH-like compound, of unknown structure and provisionally termed FR-7, were produced, in addition to significant amounts of JH-III and JHB3. Inhibitors of monooxygenases, devised for their effects on ecdysteroid biosynthesis, affect Medfly JH biosynthesis but do not reduce egg deposition. FR-7 was isolated from incubation media of Medfly CA and examined by various MS procedures, but its structure is not yet resolved. MS analysis is being done in collaboration with Professor R.R.W. Rickards of the Australian National University in Canberra, Australia. A homologue of the ap gene of D. melanogaster exists in the Medfly. LIM domains and the homeo-domain, important for the function of the D. melanogaster ap gene, are conserved here too. Attempts to clone the complete gene were unsuccessful. Due to the complexity of JH homologs, presence of related FR-7 in the biosynthetic products of Medfly CA and lack of reduction in eggs deposited in the presence of monooxygenase inhibitors, inhibition of epoxidases is not a feasible alternative to control Medfly reproduction, and raises questions which cannot be resolved within the current dogma of hormonal control of reproduction in Diptera. The Medfly ap gene has similar domains to the D. melanogaster ap gene. Although mutant ap genes are involved in JH deficiency, ap is a questionable candidate for an endocrine lesion, especially since the D. melanogoster gene functions is a transcription factor.
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Delwiche, Michael, Boaz Zion, Robert BonDurant, Judith Rishpon, Ephraim Maltz i Miriam Rosenberg. Biosensors for On-Line Measurement of Reproductive Hormones and Milk Proteins to Improve Dairy Herd Management. United States Department of Agriculture, luty 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7573998.bard.
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The original objectives of this research project were to: (1) develop immunoassays, photometric sensors, and electrochemical sensors for real-time measurement of progesterone and estradiol in milk, (2) develop biosensors for measurement of caseins in milk, and (3) integrate and adapt these sensor technologies to create an automated electronic sensing system for operation in dairy parlors during milking. The overall direction of research was not changed, although the work was expanded to include other milk components such as urea and lactose. A second generation biosensor for on-line measurement of bovine progesterone was designed and tested. Anti-progesterone antibody was coated on small disks of nitrocellulose membrane, which were inserted in the reaction chamber prior to testing, and a real-time assay was developed. The biosensor was designed using micropumps and valves under computer control, and assayed fluid volumes on the order of 1 ml. An automated sampler was designed to draw a test volume of milk from the long milk tube using a 4-way pinch valve. The system could execute a measurement cycle in about 10 min. Progesterone could be measured at concentrations low enough to distinguish luteal-phase from follicular-phase cows. The potential of the sensor to detect actual ovulatory events was compared with standard methods of estrus detection, including human observation and an activity monitor. The biosensor correctly identified all ovulatory events during its testperiod, but the variability at low progesterone concentrations triggered some false positives. Direct on-line measurement and intelligent interpretation of reproductive hormone profiles offers the potential for substantial improvement in reproductive management. A simple potentiometric method for measurement of milk protein was developed and tested. The method was based on the fact that proteins bind iodine. When proteins are added to a solution of the redox couple iodine/iodide (I-I2), the concentration of free iodine is changed and, as a consequence, the potential between two electrodes immersed in the solution is changed. The method worked well with analytical casein solutions and accurately measured concentrations of analytical caseins added to fresh milk. When tested with actual milk samples, the correlation between the sensor readings and the reference lab results (of both total proteins and casein content) was inferior to that of analytical casein. A number of different technologies were explored for the analysis of milk urea, and a manometric technique was selected for the final design. In the new sensor, urea in the sample was hydrolyzed to ammonium and carbonate by the enzyme urease, and subsequent shaking of the sample with citric acid in a sealed cell allowed urea to be estimated as a change in partial pressure of carbon dioxide. The pressure change in the cell was measured with a miniature piezoresistive pressure sensor, and effects of background dissolved gases and vapor pressures were corrected for by repeating the measurement of pressure developed in the sample without the addition of urease. Results were accurate in the physiological range of milk, the assay was faster than the typical milking period, and no toxic reagents were required. A sampling device was designed and built to passively draw milk from the long milk tube in the parlor. An electrochemical sensor for lactose was developed starting with a three-cascaded-enzyme sensor, evolving into two enzymes and CO2[Fe (CN)6] as a mediator, and then into a microflow injection system using poly-osmium modified screen-printed electrodes. The sensor was designed to serve multiple milking positions, using a manifold valve, a sampling valve, and two pumps. Disposable screen-printed electrodes with enzymatic membranes were used. The sensor was optimized for electrode coating components, flow rate, pH, and sample size, and the results correlated well (r2= 0.967) with known lactose concentrations.
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Granot, David, i Richard Amasino. Regulation of Senescence by Sugar Metabolism. United States Department of Agriculture, styczeń 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7585189.bard.
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Research objectives a. Analyze transgenic plants that undergo rapid senescence due to increased expression of hexokinase. b. Determine if hexokinase-induced senescence accelerates natural senescence using senescence specific promoters that drive expression of a reporter gene (GUS) and a cytokinin producing gene (IPT - isopentyl transferase). c. Isolate and analyze plant genes that suppress sugar-induced cell death (SICD) in yeast, genes that potentially are involved in programmed cell death and senescence in plants. Background to the topic Leaf senescence is a regulated process of programmed cell death (PCD) in which metabolites are recycled to other active parts of the plant. Senescence associated genes (SAGs) are expressed throughout leaf senescence. Sugar flux and metabolism is thought to playa fundamental regulatory role in senescence. We found that transgenic tomato plants with high hexokinase activity, the initial enzymatic step of sugar (hexose) metabolism, undergo rapid leaf senescence, directly correlated with hexokinase activity. These plants provide a unique opportunity to analyze the regulatory role of sugar metabolism in senescence, and its relation to cytokinin, a senescence-inhibiting hormone. In addition, we found that sugar induces programmed cells death of yeast cells in direct correlation to hexokinase activity. We proposed to use the sugar induced cell death (SICD) to isolate Arabidopsis genes that suppress SICD. Such genes could potentially be involved in senescence induced PCD in plants. Major conclusions The promoters of Arabidopsis senescence-associated genes, SAG12 and SAGI3, are expressed in senescing tomato leaves similar to their expression in Arabidopsis leaves, indicating that these promoters are good senescence markers for tomato plants. Increased hexokinase activity accelerated senescence and induced expression of pSAG12 and pSAG13 promoters in tomato plants, suggesting that sugar regulate natural senescence via hexokinase. Expression of IPT, a cytokinin producing gene, under pSAG12 and pSAG13 promoters, delayed senescence of tomato leaves. Yet, senescence accelerated by hexokinase was epistatic over cytokinin, indicating that sugar regulation of senescence is dominant over the senescence-inhibiting hormone. A gene designated SFP1, which is similar to the major super family monosaccharide transporters, is induced during leaf senescence in Arabidopsis and may be involved in sugar transport during senescence. Accordingly, adult leaves accumulate sugars that may accelerate hexokinase activity. Light status of the entire plant affects the senescence of individual leaves. When individual leaves are darkened, senescence is induced in the covered leaves. However, whole adult plant placed in darkness show delayed senescence. In a search for Arabidopsis genes that suppress SICD we isolated 8 cDNA clones which confer partial resistance to SICD. One of the clones encodes a vesicle associated membrane protein - VAMP. This is the first evidence that vesicle trafficking might be involved in cell death. Implications Increased hexokinase activity accelerates senescence. We hypothesized that, reduced hexokinase activity may delay senescence. Preliminary experiments using a hexokinase inhibitor support this possible implication. Currently we are analyzing various practical approaches to delay leaf senescence via hexokinase inhibition. .
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Cohen, Shabtai, Melvin Tyree, Amos Naor, Alan N. Lakso, Terence L. Robinson i Yehezkiel Cohen. Influence of hydraulic properties of rootstocks and the rootstock-scion graft on water use and productivity of apple trees. United States Department of Agriculture, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7587219.bard.
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This one year exploratory project investigated hydraulic architecture of apple dwarfing rootstocks. The hypothesis was that hydraulic conductance is correlated with rootstock vigor. A previous study of trees on three rootstocks in Israel showed that dwarfed trees used less water than un-dwarfed trees. Analysis showed that if the tree maintains leaf water potentials above minimum values, then this implies that the dwarfed trees have lower leaf conductance, which may also be the cause of dwarfing. The current project studied small 2-year old unworked rootstock trees, and full sized trees bearing commercial yields. In both cases hydraulic conductance was determined with two methods - the non-destructive evaporative flux (EF)-leaf water potential (L WP) method, and a destructive method in which water was forced through the plant at known pressure using the "high pressure flow meter" (HPFM). Detailed work allowed measurement of conductance of the rootstock-scion union. This was achieved both with the HPFM and with the EF-LWP methods, the former in the US and the latter in Israel. Direct measurements of leaf conductance were made, and carbon isotope ratios ( d ¹³ C) were determined for leaves sampled at the end of the season. The latter can indicate sustained differences in leaf conductance behavior. HPFM and EF-LWP methods did not give the same results. In the small plants results were similar in magnitude, but not significantly correlated. In large trees, EF- L WP measurements were a fraction of those obtained with the HPFM. The latter indicates that some of the xylem is not normally functional but transports water when pressurized. Additional experimental work targeted this result. Xylem was stained before and after perfusion with water at high pressure. This showed that at least for one rootstock a significant amount of xylem was blocked before perfusion. The "air method" for determining xylem vessel properties was improved and employed. Length, radius and density of xylem vessels of different rootstocks were found to be similar, and significant differences found were not clearly related to rootstock vigor. Measurements in the commercial orchard in Israel showed that the graft union in a dwarfing rootstock was a large obstacle for water transport (i.e. had a high resistance). This apparently led to low leaf conductance to water vapor, as indicated by lower d ¹³ C, which implies low internal CO ₂ concentrations. In the US orchard, d ¹³ C in 2001 was correlated with rootstock vigor, and significant differences were found in leaf conductance. However, the d ¹³ C differences were not observed in 2002, were opposite to those found in the Israeli orchard, and measurements of the graft union with the HPFM did not find large resistances. We speculate that the graft union is not necessarily a large impediment to water transport unless the scion starts to separate from the rootstock. It was concluded that significant differences in hydraulic conductance exist between different dwarfing rootstocks. These differences may be caused by differences in xylem properties and in the degree of cavitation, as well as resistance in the graft union. However, no general relationship to rootstock vigor was found. Therefore, hydraulic conductance alone cannot explain dwarfing, but may be one of two or more factors that lead to dwarfing. Future work should integrate more factors with hydraulic relations, e.g. nutrient and solute transport and production of hormones.