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Abreu Lomba, Alin, Karen Dayana González, Maria Antonia Escobar, Antonio Jose Paredes i Andres Emilson Delgado Truque. "Hipofunción hipofisaria y trastornos relacionados". Revista Colombiana Salud Libre 15, nr 1 (7.07.2021): e407279. http://dx.doi.org/10.18041/1900-7841/rcslibre.2020v15n1.7279.
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La hipofunción hipofisiaria o también conocida como hipopituitarismo se refiere a la disminución en la secreción de una o mas hormonas hipofisiarias, esto dependerá de la porción glandular comprometida. La glándula se divide en la hipófisis anterior o adenohipófisis en donde se producen 6 hormonas bien conocidas como Hormona de Crecimiento (GH), la Corticotropina (ACTH), la Tirotropina (TSH), la Hormona Folículo Estimulante (FSH), la Hormona Luteinizante (LH) y la Prolactina (PRL). En la hipófisis posterior o neurohipofisis se almacena continuamente y después se secretan la Hormona Antidiurética (ADH) y la oxitocina. Por lo tanto, el grado de compromiso glandular determina si el déficit de estas hormonas es parcial o total con consecuencias clínicas leves o severas. El diagnóstico en muchas oportunidades se realiza con pruebas de estimulación o evaluaciones periódicas múltiples de función hipofisiaria con medición de niveles hormonales. Las terapias de reemplazo hormonal varían dependiendo del déficit encontrado, así como la etapa de vida del paciente.
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Paris, Claudia, Ana Zepeda, Mónica Muñoz, Adela Camus, Paula Catalán, Cristian Sotomayor, Rosario Luengo, Carolina Schulin-Zeuthem, Mariela Brieba i Patricia Romero Fuentes. "Reserva ovárica y falla ovárica prematura en niñas y adolescentes postrasplante de progenitores hematopoyéticos". Andes Pediatrica 93, nr 1 (14.02.2022): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32641/andespediatr.v93i1.3693.
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El aumento de la sobrevida de niñas y adolescentes después de un trasplante de progenitores hemato- poyéticos (TPH) ha permitido conocer los efectos tardíos de esta terapia. Objetivo: medir la reserva y la falla ováricas prematura después de un TPH.Pacientes y Método: estudio descriptivo, transversal de niñas y adolescentes trasplantadas entre 1999-2011. Se realizó examen ginecológico, exámenes hormonales y ecotomografía ginecológica transabdominal, y se consignó desarrollo puberal pre TPH. Se registraron los siguientes datos de la ficha clínica: patología de base, tipo de acondicionamiento, uso de radioterapia en el acondicionamiento, edad al momento del TPH y haber tenido o tener enfermedad del injerto contra el huésped (EICH) aguda o crónica. Los exámenes hormonales incluyeron hormona folículo estimulante (FSH), hormona luteinizante (LH), estradiol, prolactina (PRL), hormona tiroestimulante (TSH), tiroxina libre, testosterona total, proteína transportadora de hormonas sexuales (SHBG) y hormona antimulleriana (AMH). Análisis estadístico: chi cuadrado y exacto de Fisher con P < 0,05. Resultados fueron expresados como mediana (rango). Resultados: Se evaluaron 41 pacientes, edad al momento del TPH de 6,8 años (1,5-14,1) y 14,8 años (rango: 4-25,4) al momen- to de la evaluación. El 93% de las pacientes trasplantadas tenían patologías oncológicas y recibieron regímenes de acondicionamiento mieloablativos. Todas mostraron una reserva ovárica disminuida. El 72% de las pacientes presentaron una falla ovárica prematura (FOP). Conclusiones: Todas las pacientes estudiadas tenían una reserva ovárica disminuida y la mayoría de ellas una alta prevalencia de FOP. Es indispensable una evaluación ginecológica antes del TPH y un seguimiento posterior para monitorización hormonal e inicio del reemplazo hormonal.
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Becerra Urrego, Rodrigo, i Juan Carlos Galvis Rincón. "Perfil hormonal del envejecimiento muscular". Revista Repertorio de Medicina y Cirugía 20, nr 4 (1.12.2011): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31260/repertmedcir.v20.n4.2011.772.
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El concepto de sarcopenia implica la pérdida de la masa y la fuerza musculares asociadas con el envejecimiento. Se produce por múltiples factores, como el daño oxidativo, pérdida de unidades motoras alfa de la médula espinal, disminución de la calidad y masa musculares, descenso de hormonas anabólicas como dehidroepiandrosterona, testosterona, estrógenos, hormona del crecimiento, factor de crecimiento ligado a la insulina tipo IGF-1, hormona paratiroidea e insulina, así como aumento de diferentes interleuquinas y del cortisol, inactividad física voluntaria y dieta hipocalórica. En esta revisión analizamos el papel de algunas hormonas que afectan el balance dinámico entre estímulos anabólicos y catabólicos en el músculo y la relación entre estos cambios hormonales y el desarrollo de sarcopenia.
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Rueda-Galvis, Myriam Vanessa, i Carlos Alfonso Builes-Barrera. "Fisiología de la tiroides e hipotiroidismo en el embarazo. Revisión de tema". Medicina y Laboratorio 26, nr 1 (11.01.2022): 15–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.36384/01232576.557.
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Durante el embarazo se generan múltiples cambios fisiológicos a nivel hormonal para llevar a cabo de manera satisfactoria la gestación. Uno de los ejes hormonales con cambios más importantes que repercuten de manera directa en el desarrollo fetal y bienestar materno es el tiroideo, el cual presenta modificaciones para lograr suplir las necesidades de hormona tiroidea tanto materna como fetal, principalmente en las primeras etapas del embarazo. Entre estas, se describen cambios en la cantidad de proteínas transportadoras de hormonas, aumento en el estímulo y producción de hormonas tiroideas, incremento del aclaramiento renal de yodo y alteración en la actividad de las desyodinasas. Estos mecanismos ofrecen suficiente hormona tiroidea al feto, el cual es dependiente del aporte materno. Un desajuste en cualquiera de estos mecanismos, puede conducir al desarrollo de hipotiroidismo con múltiples complicaciones, como la pérdida del embarazo e hipertensión gestacional, entre otras. Una tamización oportuna y un tratamiento temprano pueden evitar estos desenlaces adversos. De ahí la necesidad fundamental de conocer y comprender el comportamiento del eje tiroideo en la gestación.
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Dong, Bing, i Feng-Qi Zhao. "Involvement of the ubiquitous Oct-1 transcription factor in hormonal induction of β-casein gene expression". Biochemical Journal 401, nr 1 (11.12.2006): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20060570.
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Transcription of the milk protein β-casein gene is induced by the lactogenic hormones Prl (prolactin) and glucocorticoids. Multiple transcription factors involved in this induction have been identified, including the STAT5 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 5) and the GR (glucocorticoid receptor). Our previous studies have identified a binding site for the ubiquitous Oct-1 (octamer-binding transcription factor 1) protein in the lactogenic hormonal regulatory region of the mouse β-casein promoter. In the present study, we report that Oct-1 is indeed expressed and binds to the β-casein promoter in mammary epithelial cells. Oct-1 activates hormonally induced β-casein promoter activity in a dose-dependent manner. Hormonal induction of promoter activity was decreased not only by mutating the Oct-1-binding site from ATTAGCAT to GCTAGCAT, which abolishes Oct-1 binding (50% decrease, P<0.01), but also by changing the site to the consensus Oct-1-binding motif ATTTGCAT (40% decrease, P<0.01). Reversing the Oct-1-binding site reduced hormonal induction by 70% (P<0.01), showing that orientation of Oct-1 binding is also critical in hormonal action. In transient transfection experiments, Oct-1 collaboratively transactivated the β-casein gene promoter with STAT5 and/or GR in the presence of Prl receptor in cells treated with the lactogenic hormones. The C-terminus of Oct-1 was not essential to its function. The results of the present study provide biochemical evidence that the ubiquitous Oct-1 transcription factor may be involved in hormonally regulated, tissue-specific β-casein gene expression.
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Hunt, Joan S., Lance Miller i Jeralyn Sue Platt. "Hormonal Regulation of Uterine Macrophages". Developmental Immunology 6, nr 1-2 (1998): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1998/87527.
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Macrophages are major cellular inhabitants of cycling and pregnant mammalian uteri. Their densities and patterns of tissue distribution in this organ fluctuate in concert with levels of circulating female sex steroid hormones, estrogens and progesterone, and their production of various effector molecules also may be hormonally regulated. Hormonal control may be achieved by direct binding to receptors or by indirect pathways where hormones modulate production of various autocrine and paracrine cytokines and growth factors that then target to resident macrophages and influence their secretory profiles. In this paper, we marshall evidence supporting the concept that progesterone acts as a powerful negative regulator of these versatile cells, reducing their migration into the uterus and impairing their ability to produce potent effector molecules such as nitric oxide that could interfere with the success of pregnancy.
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Gonzáles Campos, Oscar, Rosario Gutiérrez, Juan Matzumura i Alfredo Larrañaga. "Terapia Hormonal de Reemplazo". Revista Peruana de Ginecología y Obstetricia 42, nr 4 (2.08.2015): 184–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31403/rpgo.v42i1743.
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Shrestha, Smriti. "Correlation of Hormonal Profile and Lipid Levels with Female Adult Acne in a Tertiary Care Center of Nepal". Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 16, nr 2 (3.07.2018): 222–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v16i2.1178.
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Background: Acne beyond 25 years of age is frequently associated with hormonal derangement in women. Hormonal association provides the impetus for hormonal therapy as well as underpins the need for blood investigations in this population. Hence, we aim to estimate the presence of hormonal derangement and lipid alteration in female adult acne.Methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted in Dhulikhel Hospital from July 2015 to February 2016. Females older than 25 years with acne were taken in the study after informed consent. Total 100 patients were enrolled after sample size estimation. Hormonal paneland lipid profile were measured. Hormones tested were androgens, C-peptide and thyroid stimulating hormone.Data analysis was done with SPSS-23. Bivariate analysis was done by chi-square test for categorical data.Results: In this study, majority of patients were younger than 30 years (70.5%) and perioral area most commonly involved. Hormonal alteration was seen in 37.2% patients, among which17.9% had hyperandrogenism, 15.4% had abnormal thyroid level and 10.3% had high C-peptides respectively. Lipid profile was altered in 15.4% patients. Hormonal alteration had significant association with irregular menstruation (P<0.05) but not acne severity. Conclusions: We observed hormonal alteration frequently in females with adult acne, which comprised of various hormonal parameters including hyperandrogenism.Hormonal alteration reflects deranged metabolic milieu and we suggest that wide hormonal panel should be done in female adult acne. Relationship of hormones with menstrual irregularity but not with acne severity, suggest that clinical symptoms should lead hormonal investigations in all grades of acne.Keywords: Acne; adult; hormones; lipid; thyroid.
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Khudaiberdiev, Sadik Tursunovich. "HORMONAL FUNCTION OF ADENOHYPOPHISIS". American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research 04, nr 02 (1.02.2022): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajmspr/volume04issue02-08.
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This article discusses hormonal function of adenohypophysis, which produces a number of hormones that regulate the growth of the child. The production of adenohypophysis hormones, in turn, depends on liberins and statins, hormones of the hypothalamus that enter the pituitary portal system.
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Usselman, Charlotte W., Chantelle A. Nielson, Torri A. Luchyshyn, Tamara I. Gimon, Nicole S. Coverdale, Stan H. M. Van Uum i J. Kevin Shoemaker. "Hormone phase influences sympathetic responses to high levels of lower body negative pressure in young healthy women". American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 311, nr 5 (1.11.2016): R957—R963. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00190.2016.
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We tested the hypothesis that sympathetic responses to baroreceptor unloading may be affected by circulating sex hormones. During lower body negative pressure at −30, −60, and −80 mmHg, muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), heart rate, and blood pressure were recorded in women who were taking ( n = 8) or not taking ( n = 9) hormonal contraceptives. All women were tested twice, once during the low-hormone phase (i.e., the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle and the placebo phase of hormonal contraceptive use), and again during the high-hormone phase (i.e., the midluteal phase of the menstrual cycle and active phase of contraceptive use). During baroreceptor unloading, the reductions in stroke volume and resultant increases in MSNA and total peripheral resistance were greater in high-hormone than low-hormone phases in both groups. When normalized to the fall in stroke volume, increases in MSNA were no longer different between hormone phases. While stroke volume and sympathetic responses were similar between women taking and not taking hormonal contraceptives, mean arterial pressure was maintained during baroreceptor unloading in women not taking hormonal contraceptives but not in women using hormonal contraceptives. These data suggest that differences in sympathetic activation between hormone phases, as elicited by lower body negative pressure, are the result of hormonally mediated changes in the hemodynamic consequences of negative pressure, rather than centrally driven alterations to sympathetic regulation.
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Mundy, Gregory R., i Theresa A. Guise. "Hormonal Control of Calcium Homeostasis". Clinical Chemistry 45, nr 8 (1.08.1999): 1347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/45.8.1347.
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Abstract Calcium homeostasis in the extracellular fluid is tightly controlled and defended physiologically. Hypercalcemia always represents considerable underlying pathology and occurs when the hormonal control of calcium homeostasis is overwhelmed. The major hormones that are responsible for normal calcium homeostasis are parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D; these hormones control extracellular fluid calcium on a chronic basis. Over- or underproduction of these hormones or the tumor peptide, parathyroid hormone-related peptide, are the major causes of aberrant extracellular fluid calcium concentrations. These hormonal defense mechanisms are reviewed here.
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Shrestha, Smriti. "Correlation of Hormonal Profile and Lipid Levels with Female Adult Acne in a Tertiary Care Center of Nepal". Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 16, nr 2 (5.07.2018): 222–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnhrc.v16i2.20315.
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Background: Acne beyond 25 years of age is frequently associated with hormonal derangement in women. Hormonal association provides the impetus for hormonal therapy as well as underpins the need for blood investigations in this population. Hence, we aim to estimate the presence of hormonal derangement and lipid alteration in female adult acne.Methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted in Dhulikhel Hospital from July 2015 to February 2016. Females older than 25 years with acne were taken in the study after informed consent. Total 100 patients were enrolled aftersample sizeestimation. Hormonal paneland lipid profile were measured. Hormones tested were androgens, C-peptide and thyroid stimulating hormone. Data analysis was done with SPSS-23. Bivariate analysis was done by chi-square test for categorical data.Results: In this study, majority of patients were younger than 30 years (70.5%) and perioral area most commonly involved. Hormonal alteration was seen in 37.2% patients, among which 17.9% had hyperandrogenism, 15.4% had abnormal thyroid level and 10.3% had high C-peptides respectively. Lipid profile was altered in 15.4% patients. Hormonal alteration had significant association with irregular menstruation (P<0.05) but not acne severity.Conclusions: We observed hormonal alteration frequently in females with adult acne, which comprised of various hormonal parameters including hyperandrogenism. Hormonal alteration reflects deranged metabolic milieu and we suggestthat wide hormonal panel should be done in female adult acne. Relationship of hormones with menstrual irregularity but not with acne severity, suggest that clinical symptoms should lead hormonal investigations in all grades of acne.
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Kapelyushnik, N. L., R. A. Mukhametshina, L. F. Muzeeva i A. A. Shmelev. "Hormonal therapy of endometriosis". Kazan medical journal 77, nr 3 (15.06.1996): 202–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj104450.
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The leading method of the treatment of endometriosis is surgical. The hormonal therapy can precede the operation in indication to the operative treatment of patients with endometriosis. Tne operation is directed to the decrease of symptoms and foci sizes and makes the surgical intervention easier. However, the treatment with hormones can be the alternative to the operation. The following hormonal drugs: hestagens, norstreroids derivatives, antigonadotrophins, as well as new drugs agonists of gonadotroplun-releasing of hormones are used. The most efficient drug is zoladex-depo.
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Zheng, H., J. J. Kavanagh, W. Hu, Q. Liao i S. Fu. "Hormonal therapy in ovarian cancer". International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 17, nr 2 (2007): 325–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1438.2006.00749.x.
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Ovarian carcinoma continues to be the leading cause of death due to gynecological malignancy. Epidemiologic studies indicate that steroid hormones play roles in ovarian carcinogenesis. Gonadotropins, estrogen, and androgen may be causative factors, while gonadotropin-releasing hormone and progesterone may be protective factors in ovarian cancer pathogenesis. Experimental studies have shown that hormonal receptors are expressed in ovarian cancer cells and mediate the growth-stimulatory or growth-inhibitory effects of the hormones on these cells. Hormonal therapeutic agents have been evaluated in several clinical trials. Most of these trials were conducted in patients with recurrent or refractory ovarian cancer, with modest efficacy and few side effects. Better understanding of the mechanisms through which hormones affect cell growth may improve the efficacy of hormonal therapy. Molecular markers that can reliably predict major clinical outcomes should be investigated further in well-designed trials
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Nicholls, P. K., C. A. Harrison, L. O'Donnell i P. G. Stanton. "148. HORMONAL REGULATION OF miRNA IN THE TESTIS". Reproduction, Fertility and Development 21, nr 9 (2009): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/srb09abs148.
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Acute suppression of circulating reproductive hormones (FSH and testosterone) inhibits sperm release (spermiation) (1), although the molecular mechanisms of spermiation failure are poorly understood. Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate protein expression, and are essential for normal spermatogenesis. Recent studies suggest that miRNAs are exquisitely sensitive to hormonal control by FSH, LH and testosterone (2–4). This suggests that hormonal regulation of miRNAs in the testis following acute hormonal suppression may contribute to spermiation failure. Therefore, we hypothesised that gonadotrophin regulated miRNAs control spermiation outcome. We used array analysis to show that miRNA expression is hormonally regulated by FSH and testosterone in our rat in vivo model of spermiation failure and also in primary rat Sertoli cells by. qPCR validation revealed that miR-7b, -23a, -30c, -125b, -148b, -197, -483, -592, and -690 are all hormonally sensitive testicular miRNAs. Bioinformatic analyses of potential gene targets of these miRNAs predicted numerous protein components localised in the testicular tubulobulbar complex (TBC). The TBC is a podosome-like structure found between Sertoli cells and adjacent germ cells in the testis, and is thought to internalise intact inter-cellular structures and regulate spermatid head shape prior to spermiation. WASP, a TBC protein that regulates actin filament dynamics, contained a conserved binding site for miR-690 within its 3'UTR. Increased miR-690 expression following hormone suppression corresponded to a decrease in WASP protein expression in vivo and in vitro. In addition, transfection of miR-690 into HEK293T cells down-regulated WASP protein. Our results suggest that following hormone suppression, miR-690 is stimulated in the Sertoli cell, thereby inhibiting WASP protein expression. We conclude that miRNA-mediated disruption of TBC integrity potentially regulates spermatid disengagement. This study describes new molecular mechanisms in the testis that may control spermiation outcome of potential significance in male hormonal contraception.
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REGELSON, WILLIAM, ROGER LORIA i MOHAMMED KALIMI. "Hormonal Intervention: "Buffer Hormones" or "State Dependency"." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 521, nr 1 Neuroimmunomo (marzec 1988): 260–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb35284.x.
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Saul, Sugantha. "Effects of vitex agnes castus on hormonal imbalances in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome". International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 6, nr 8 (22.07.2017): 2051. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20173295.
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Background: The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinopathies in women. Its incidence is assessed at 6-8% of the female population in the reproductive age. It is caused by an imbalance of the female sex hormones and higher levels of male hormones called androgens.Methods: In women with PCOS, the ovaries make more androgens than normal. High levels of these hormones affect the development and release of eggs during ovulation. Hence the hormonal imbalance were studied in three groups. In the present study ,8mg of estradiol valerate was used to induce PCOS in female albino rats. The levels of leutinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, Estradiol, Progesterone, and Prolaction were studied.Results: The phytochemical analysis of vitex agnus castus was carried out and the positive effects of vitex agnus castus on the hormonal irregularities of PCOS were also studied. The present findings indicated that vitex agnus castus was found to be rich in phytochemicals.Conclusions: The hormonal levels highly reflect the underlying hormonal imbalance in PCOS and the results obtained in the present study also proved that vitex agnus castus is more efficient in reversing the adverse effects of hormonal imbalance of PCOS.
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Lam de Calvo, Oris, i Lilibeth Castillero de Santos. "EXPERTOS EN FISIOLOGÍA: RESUMEN DE LO QUE DEBES SABER DE LAS HORMONAS TIROIDEAS". Revista Médico Científica 33, nr 2 (16.03.2021): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.37416/rmc.v33i2.604.
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La glándula tiroides secreta dos hormonas importantes, la tiroxina y triyodotironina. Se conoce ahora, una regulación más selectiva de la síntesis de triyodotironina a partir de la desyodación de tiroxina en los tejidos blanco; esto permite una mayor disponibilidad de hormona en un determinado tejido, de acuerdo con sus necesidades fisiológicas, o lo protege de los niveles exageradamente altos. La glándula tiroides tiene la capacidad de almacenar y autorregular el ingreso de yodo a la misma y de desviar la síntesis hormonal hacia la triyodotironina ante escasa ingesta de yodo. Además de los receptores nucleares, se conocen otros receptores para las hormonas tiroideas, localizados en las mitocondrias y en la superficie de la membrana plasmática, y sus efectos son esenciales en el desarrollo, crecimiento y metabolismo.
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Long, Kimberly L. P., Jocelyn M. Breton, Matthew K. Barraza, Olga S. Perloff i Daniela Kaufer. "Hormonal Regulation of Oligodendrogenesis I: Effects across the Lifespan". Biomolecules 11, nr 2 (14.02.2021): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11020283.
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The brain’s capacity to respond to changing environments via hormonal signaling is critical to fine-tuned function. An emerging body of literature highlights a role for myelin plasticity as a prominent type of experience-dependent plasticity in the adult brain. Myelin plasticity is driven by oligodendrocytes (OLs) and their precursor cells (OPCs). OPC differentiation regulates the trajectory of myelin production throughout development, and importantly, OPCs maintain the ability to proliferate and generate new OLs throughout adulthood. The process of oligodendrogenesis, the creation of new OLs, can be dramatically influenced during early development and in adulthood by internal and environmental conditions such as hormones. Here, we review the current literature describing hormonal regulation of oligodendrogenesis within physiological conditions, focusing on several classes of hormones: steroid, peptide, and thyroid hormones. We discuss hormonal regulation at each stage of oligodendrogenesis and describe mechanisms of action, where known. Overall, the majority of hormones enhance oligodendrogenesis, increasing OPC differentiation and inducing maturation and myelin production in OLs. The mechanisms underlying these processes vary for each hormone but may ultimately converge upon common signaling pathways, mediated by specific receptors expressed across the OL lineage. However, not all of the mechanisms have been fully elucidated, and here, we note the remaining gaps in the literature, including the complex interactions between hormonal systems and with the immune system. In the companion manuscript in this issue, we discuss the implications of hormonal regulation of oligodendrogenesis for neurological and psychiatric disorders characterized by white matter loss. Ultimately, a better understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of hormonal regulation of oligodendrogenesis across the entire lifespan, especially in vivo, will progress both basic and translational research.
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Adiesti, Ferilia, i Fitria Edni Wari. "Hubungan kontrasepsi hormonal dengan siklus menstruasi". Jurnal Riset Kebidanan Indonesia 4, nr 1 (30.06.2020): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32536/jrki.v4i1.71.
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Latar belakang: Kontrasepsi hormonal merupakan kontrasepsi yang mengandung hormon progestin saja maupun kombinasi dengan kandungan estrogen dan progestin. Metode kontrasepsi hormonal memiliki banyak efek samping, salah satunya gangguan siklus menstruasi, metrorhagia, menorhagia. Akseptor sering menghentikan kontrasepsi hormonal karena gangguan siklus menstruasi. Tujuan penelitian: Diketahuinya hubungan kontrasepsi hormonal dengan siklus menstruasi. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi yang digunakan adalah 80 ibu akseptor kontrasepsi hormonal, dimana pengambilan sampel secara total sampling. Analisa bivariat dengan uji chi-square (α) ≤ 0,05 dan Prevalence Ratio (PR). Hasil: Sebagian besar responden kontrasepsi hormonal progestin 36 (85,7 %) dan lebih dari setengah responden kontrasepsi hormonal kombinasi 20 (52,6 %) mengalami ketidaknormalan siklus menstruasi. Hasil uji statistik chi square menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara kontrasepsi hormonal dengan siklus menstruasi (p=0,0030,05) dan PR 1,629 (CI=1,176-2,256) Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara penggunaan alat kontrasepsi hormonal dengan siklus menstruasi, akseptor kontrasepsi hormonal progestin beresiko 1,6 kali lebih besar mengalami ketidaknormalan siklus menstruasi dibanding akseptor kontrasepsi hormonal kombinasi.Background: Hormonal contraception is a contraceptive containing progestin-only hormones or a combination of estrogen and progestin content. Hormonal contraceptive methods have many side effects, one of which is menstrual cycle disorders, metrorhagia, menorhagia. Acceptors often stop hormonal contraception because of menstrual cycle disorders. Objectives: Knowed the relationship of hormonal contraception with the menstrual cycle. Method: This study is a quantitative descriptive study with cross sectional approach. The population used was 80 mothers of hormonal contraceptive acceptors, where total sampling was taken. Bivariate analysis with chi-square test (α) ≤ 0.05 and Prevalence Ratio (PR). Results: Most respondents of progestin hormonal contraception 36 (85.7%) and more than half of the respondents in combination hormonal contraception 20 (52.6%) experienced abnormal menstrual cycles. Chi square statistical test results show that there is a relationship between hormonal contraception with the menstrual cycle (p = 0.003 0.05) and PR 1.629 (CI = 1,176-2,256) Conclusion: There is a relationship between the use of hormonal contraception with the menstrual cycle, Progestin hormonal contraceptive acceptors are 1.6 times more likely to experience abnormal menstrual cycles than combined hormonal contraceptive acceptors.
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Plu-Bureau, Geneviève. "Hormones et risque cardiovasculaire : comment prescrire contraceptions hormonales et traitement hormonal de la ménopause". La Presse Médicale Formation 1, nr 2 (czerwiec 2020): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lpmfor.2020.05.016.
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De Feo, Pierpaolo. "Hormonal regulation of human protein metabolism". European Journal of Endocrinology 135, nr 1 (lipiec 1996): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1350007.
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De Feo P. Hormonal regulation of human protein metabolism. Eur J Endocrinol 1996:135:7–18. ISSN 0804–4643 This review focuses on the effects of hormones on protein kinetics in humans. Most of the recent knowledge on the regulation of protein metabolism in humans has been obtained by tracing protein kinetics in vivo, using labelled isotopes of essential or non-essential amino acids. This technique allows the rates of the whole-body protein synthesis and breakdown to be estimated together with amino acid oxidation and the fractional synthetic rates of mixed muscle proteins or of single plasma proteins. Changes induced within these parameters by hormonal administration or endocrine diseases are also discussed. Hormones, on the basis of their net effect on protein balance (protein synthesis minus protein breakdown), are divided into two categories: those provided with an anabolic action and those with a prevalent catabolic action. The effects on protein metabolism of the following hormones are reviewed: insulin, growth hormone, IGF-I, adrenaline, androgens, estrogens, progesterone, glucagon, glucocorticosteroids, thyroid hormones. The review concludes with a report on the effects of multiple hormonal infusions on whole-body protein kinetics and a discussion on the potential role played by the concomitant increase of several hormones in the pathogenesis of protein wasting that complicates stress diseases. Pierpaolo De Feo, DIMISEM, Via E. Dal Pozzo, 06126 Perugia, Italy
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Gilmer, Gabrielle, i Gretchen D. Oliver. "Preliminary Evaluation of Knee Kinetics in Female Athletes on Hormonal Contraceptives". International Journal of Sports Medicine 41, nr 02 (16.12.2019): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1034-7901.
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AbstractRecently, an emphasis has been placed on understanding how ovarian sex hormones and hormonal contraceptives affect risk for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. The literature presents large discrepancies in whether or not hormonal contraceptives affect ACL injury risk; therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate whether vertical ground reaction force (GRF) and knee valgus force are different between athletes who do and do not use hormonal contraceptives. Twenty-two female athletes volunteered to participate and were divided into two groups based on their answers to a health history questionnaire: those who use hormonal contraceptives and those who do not. Participants performed a drop vertical jump (DVJ) and single leg crossover dropdown (SCD) at two different time points in their menstrual cycle (pre-ovulatory phase and mid-luteal phase). Kinetic data were collected at 1000 Hz. Independent samples t-tests revealed no significant differences between groups in vertical GRF and knee valgus force at both time points. Findings from this study suggest that hormonal contraceptives do not elicit detectable changes in vertical GRF and knee valgus force. Ultimately, this calls for further studies on the relationship between hormones and ACL injury risk and physicians to consider hormonal screening in addition to neuromuscular and biomechanical screening.
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Nurmayani, Winda, Misroh Mulianingsih i Ni Ketut Ika Mustika Suarnaya. "Perbedaan Kualitas Seksual pada Wanita Akseptor KB Hormonal dengan KB Non-Hormonal". Jurnal Kebidanan dan Kesehatan Tradisional 5, nr 2 (18.09.2020): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.37341/jkkt.v5i2.155.
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Background: Sexual intercourse in the family is the peak of harmony, therefore both parties must be able to enjoy it together. Sex dissatisfaction can lead to differences of opinion, disputes and ultimately divorce. Hormonal contraception has side effects, one of which is an imbalance of the hormones estrogen and progesterone which can cause changes in sexual activity. Each type of family planning has its own side effects, but in most cases a decrease in sexual desire is a side effect that can be found in every use of the type of family planning. The purpose of this study was to determine differences in sexual quality in female hormonal and non-hormonal family planning acceptors.Methods: Descriptive analytic type of research with a comparative design using the Case Control approach, a sample of 68 Wus which is a hormonal and non-hormonal family planning acceptor. Simple Random Sampling sampling technique and observation sheet instrument and SQOL-F questionnaire. This research uses Chi Square data analysis.Results: Chi Square Continuity Corrections test results showed significant results P = 0.000 (P <0.1), meaning that P value 0.000 is smaller than 0.1 there are differences in sexual quality in female hormonal and non-hormonal KB acceptors.Conclusion: Most non-hormonal family planning acceptors have good sexual qualities while hormonal birth control acceptors mostly have moderate sexual quality.
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Carvajal Martínez, Francisco, Mirelkis Bustamante Tejido, Yuraimi Piz Ramos, Emma Domínguez Alonso i Mónica Carvajal Aballe. "Déficit de hormona de crecimiento en niños y adolescentes: algunos aspectos a tener en cuenta". Ciencia y Salud 4, nr 3 (18.09.2020): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22206/cysa.2020.v4i3.pp63-70.
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Introducción: la deficiencia de Hormona de Crecimiento (DGH) es la causa endocrina más importante y frecuente de baja talla. Este déficit hormonal se acompaña además de un retraso en la maduración ósea.
Método: se realizó un estudio aplicado, retrospectivo y descriptivo de 108 pacientes con diagnóstico de baja talla hipofisaria por Déficit de la Hormona de Crecimiento, entre cuyos propósitos se encontraban determinar el comportamiento de la maduración esquelética según sexo, diagnóstico del déficit hormonal, edad de inicio del tratamiento, y tipo de déficit hormonal hipofisario.
Resultados: existe un retraso marcado de la edad ósea en pacientes con DGH, el cual es mayor si el déficit es congénito, total y selectivo.
Conclusiones: se destaca que los pacientes con DGH, independientemente del tipo, mostraron un marcado retraso de la edad ósea, así como se hacen algunas consideraciones generales sobre el tema.
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Sánchez Escobar, Fabio. "Terapia de sustitución hormonal". Revista Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología 45, Supl. 4 (30.12.1994): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18597/rcog.1767.
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Debido a la mayor expectativa de vida, la mujer invierte una tercera parte en la menopausia, fenómeno que aunque fisiológico es una endocrinopatía que origina efectos catastróficos, por tal razón es necesario administrarle terapia de sustitución hormonal. En el presente artículo se hace un recuento de los riesgos beneficios, debido a la terapia hormonal y en especial en lo relativo al cáncer de mama y de endometrio. Además se describe la farmacología de las diferentes hormonas utilizadas, la dosis y las vías de administración, como también los efectos a nivel sistémicos. Igualmente se describe la terapia complementaria que se utiliza en la menopausia con respecto al calcio e indicaciones sobre el ejercicio.
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Gumenyuk, E. G. "Peculiarities of the hormonal status on treatment of the patients with dysfunctional uterine bleeding (dub) during the premenopause with gestagens and combination of estrogen-gestagen preparations". Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 47, nr 3-4 (15.12.1998): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd87458.
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166 patient (average age 44,820,40) with dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) during premenopause were followed up. They were found to have hyperplasia of the endometrium of different forms. Hormonal therapy with different preparations (norcolut, orgametril, demulen, oxyprogesteron-capronat) was used. The patients with DUB during the premenopause may have different levels of gonadotropic and steroid hormones both on the background of DUB and during their treatment. These changes depend on a number of causes: age peculiarities, starting condition of hormonal homeostasis and mechanism of therapy action. We came to the conclusion that effectiveness of the treatment had not depended essentially on the patients' age, dynamics of peptid and steroid hormones level and type of the hormonal therapy to be used.
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Maggio, Marcello, Francesca De Vita, Alberto Fisichella, Fulvio Lauretani, Andrea Ticinesi, Graziano Ceresini, Anne Cappola, Luigi Ferrucci i Gian Paolo Ceda. "The Role of the Multiple Hormonal Dysregulation in the Onset of “Anemia of Aging”: Focus on Testosterone, IGF-1, and Thyroid Hormones". International Journal of Endocrinology 2015 (2015): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/292574.
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Anemia is a multifactorial condition whose prevalence increases in both sexes after the fifth decade of life. It is a highly represented phenomenon in older adults and in one-third of cases is “unexplained.” Ageing process is also characterized by a “multiple hormonal dysregulation” with disruption in gonadal, adrenal, and somatotropic axes. Experimental studies suggest that anabolic hormones such as testosterone, IGF-1, and thyroid hormones are able to increase erythroid mass, erythropoietin synthesis, and iron bioavailability, underlining a potential role of multiple hormonal changes in the anemia of aging. Epidemiological data more consistently support an association between lower testosterone and anemia in adult-older individuals. Low IGF-1 has been especially associated with anemia in the pediatric population and in a wide range of disorders. There is also evidence of an association between thyroid hormones and abnormalities in hematological parameters under overt thyroid and euthyroid conditions, with limited data on subclinical statuses. Although RCTs have shown beneficial effects, stronger for testosterone and the GH-IGF-1 axis and less evident for thyroid hormones, in improving different hematological parameters, there is no clear evidence for the usefulness of hormonal treatment in improving anemia in older subjects. Thus, more clinical and research efforts are needed to investigate the hormonal contribution to anemia in the older individuals.
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G, Csaba. "Environmental Pollution and Non-Perinatal Faulty Hormonal Imprinting: A Critical Review". Integrative Pediatrics and Child Care 1, nr 1 (13.11.2018): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18314/ipcc.v1i1.1419.
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The perinatal hormonal imprinting takes place perinatally, when the developing hormone receptors meet the hormones of the newborn and this suits the normal receptor-hormone connections for life. In this period the developmental window for imprinting is open and the receptors can be cheated by hormone-related exogeneous molecules, provoking faulty hormonal imprinting with lifelong consequences, as alteration of receptor binding capacity and hormone production, functional changes, altered sexual behavior, immunological alterations and inclination to or manifestation of diseases. However, there are other critical periods of life, when the window is open, as weaning, adolescence, regeneration in adults as well, as in continously dividing cells. The most sensitive non-perinatal critical period is the adolescence. In these periods hormone-like endocrine disruptors (e.g. bisphenol A, benzpyrene, pesticides and herbicides, soy isoflavones, medically used synthetic hormones etc) are provoking faulty hormonal imprinting with lifelong consequences. The hormonal imprinting is an epigenetic process, which is inherited to the progeny cells of the organism and to the offspring of the organism, by which it can chip in the evolution. The non-perinatal faulty hormonal imprinting is justified in animal experiments and seems to be likely in case of survivors of childhood cancer treatment. Similar to the faulty perinatal hormonal imprinting, the late (non-perinatal) faulty imprinting can participate in the provocation of later manifested diseases.
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Desai, Karishma, Bianca Almeida i Mariya Miteva. "Understanding Hormonal Therapies: Overview for the Dermatologist Focused on Hair". Dermatology 237, nr 5 (2021): 786–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000512888.
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Hormones have an intimate relationship with hair growth. Hormonal replacement therapy is used to treat menopausal symptoms and to provide protection from chronic diseases for which postmenopausal women may be at risk. Additionally, hormonal therapies are prescribed for contraception and treatment of acne. Considering the widespread use of such therapies, there is a demand for further understanding of their implications in hair disorders. This article reviews the specific properties of current estrogen- and progesterone-containing hormonal treatments and their implications for the patient with hair loss. The complexity of the task comes from the paucity of data and discrepancy in the literature on the effect of the specific hormonal-receptor activities.
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Radomski, M. W., M. Cross i A. Buguet. "Exercise-induced hyperthermia and hormonal responses to exercise". Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 76, nr 5 (1.05.1998): 547–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y98-045.
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Changes in plasma hormonal concentrations during exercise have been ascribed to the type, duration, and intensity of exercise, physical fitness of subjects, oxygen availability and debt, and acid-base balance. However, relatively few studies have examined the possible role of exercise-induced hyperthermia. This paper reviews previous studies on this subject and describes a series of experiments carried out in our laboratories to define the role of changes in body temperature in the release of hormones during exercise. In a first series of experiments, we studied the relationship between thermoregulatory and growth hormone responses to severe exercise at 23°C for 2 h in fit euhydrated subjects, controlling the core temperature increase to a maximum of 40°C by varying wind speed. Exponential relationships were found between increases in core temperature and plasma growth hormone, prolactin, and catecholamines during exercise, suggesting the existence of a thermal threshold for stimulation of hormonal release during exercise. The effect of endurance exercise with and without a thermal clamp (immersion in cold and warm water) on hormonal and leukocyte responses was examined. Again, a significant exponential relationship was found between increases in core temperature and hormonal responses. Thermal clamping significantly diminished the hormonal and the leukocytic responses to exercise, suggesting that an exercise-induced thermal threshold of ~38°C exists where hormonal responses are observed. Therefore, core temperature increases may be integrated in the controlling system of hormonal and leukocytic responses to exercise.Key words: exercise, hyperthermia, body temperature, growth hormone, catecholamines, hormones.
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HANSSON, V., O. DJOSELAND, O. TORGERSEN, EM RITZEN, F. S. FRENCH i S. N. NAYFEH. "Hormones and Hormonal Target Cells in the Testis*". Andrologia 8, nr 3 (24.04.2009): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0272.1976.tb02135.x.
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Arsovska, Blagica, Jihe Zhu i Kristina Kozovska. "CASE REPORT - ACUPUNCTURE TREATMENT IN PATIENT WITH HORMONAL IMBALANCE". International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 9, nr 6 (15.07.2021): 307–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v9.i6.2021.4046.
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Hormones play a big role and are a huge part of women’s health, including physically, mentally and emotionally. If the body produces too little or too much of some certain hormones, then the hormonal imbalance occurs. According to TCM, two organs mainly connected to the hormonal imbalances are the Kidney and the Liver. The aim of the TCM treatment for hormonal imbalance is to balance the Yin and Yang energy in the organs and the body and restore the . In this research is presented a case of a woman presented with reduced function of the thyroid gland and hormonal imbalance. Before starting the treatment the results are showing increased levels of TSH (8.08 /ml), LH (12.30 /ml) and FSH (15.70 /ml) and decreased levels of fT4 (9.78 /L). After the treatment the TSH (2.79 /ml), fT4 (14.00 /L) and LH (7.93 /ml) were normalized and FSH (12.20 /ml) was decreased with only 7 treatments within 7 weeks. Acupuncture points used in the treatment are: DU4 (MingMen), DU14 (DaZhui), DU20 (BaiHui), RN6 (QiHai), RN4 (QuanYuan), BL15 (XinShu), BL20 (PiShu), GB20 (FengChi), ST9 (RenYing), LI4 (HeGu), BL23 (ShenShu), LR2 (TaiChong), SP6 (SanYinJiao), ST36 (ZuSanLi), SP9 (YinLingQuan), KI3 (TaiXi) and points located on the neck (front and back). Acupuncture as part of the TCM can effectively help the patients struggling with hormonal imbalances to balance and regulate the hormones and harmonize the metabolism, nervous, reproductive and endocrine system.
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MARTIN, Daniel, i Kirsty ELLIOTT-SALE. "A perspective on current research investigating the effects of hormonal contraceptives on determinants of female athlete performance". Revista Brasileira de Educação Física e Esporte 30, nr 4 (grudzień 2016): 1087–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-55092016000401087.
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Abstract Hormonal contraceptives are used by approximately half of female athletes and may affect athletic performance as a result of their action on the endogenous hormonal milieu. In athletes, hormonal contraceptive use appears to have little effect on body composition, however further studies are needed assessing progestin-only contraceptives as they may have a negative effect in the general population. The type of progestin contained within the contraceptive may influence the anabolic response of muscle to loading although this relationship is complex as it may be due to either direct or indirect effects of exogenous hormones on protein synthesis and satellite cell proliferation. The altered hormonal milieu in hormonal contraceptive users has predominately been shown to have no effect on muscle strength and whilst maximal oxygen uptake is sometimes reduced, this does not translate into measures of performance. The majority of previous research has used cross-sectional designs and/or grouped together different types and brands of hormonal contraceptives and little research has been conducted on progestin-only contraceptives in athletes. Future research should use prospective, randomised-controlled designs to assess the effects of all types of hormonal contraceptives on athletic performance in females.
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Pedersen, S. D. "The Role of Hormonal Factors in Weight Loss and Recidivism after Bariatric Surgery". Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/528450.
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Substantial heterogeneity exists in weight loss trajectories amongst patients following bariatric surgery. Hormonal factors are postulated to be amongst the contributors to the variation seen. Several hormones involved in hunger, satiety, and energy balance are affected by bariatric surgery, with the alteration in hormonal milieu varying by procedure. Limited research has been conducted to examine potential hormonal mediators of weight loss failure or recidivism following bariatric surgery. While hormonal factors that influence weight loss success following gastric banding have not been identified, data suggest that hormonal factors may be involved in modulating weight loss success following gastric bypass. There may be hormonal mediators involved in determining the weight trajectory following sleeve gastrectomy, though the extremely limited data currently available prohibits definitive conclusions from being drawn. There is great need for future research studies to explore this knowledge gap, as improving this knowledge base could be of benefit to guide clinicians toward understanding the hormonal contributors to a patient’s postoperative weight loss failure or recidivism or perhaps be of value in selecting the most appropriate bariatric procedure based on the preoperative hormone milieu. Integrative interdisciplinary approaches exploring these complex interrelationships could potentially increase the explanatory power of such investigations.
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Bjelica, Artur, Aleksandra Kapamadzija i Milana Maticki-Sekulic. "Hormones and female sexuality". Medical review 56, nr 9-10 (2003): 446–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0310446b.
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Introduction In contrast to animal species in which linear relationships exist between hormonal status and sexual behaviour sexuality in human population is not determined so simply by the level of sexual steroids. The article analyses female sexuality in the light of hormonal status. Administration of sexual steroids during pregnancy and sexual differentiation High doses of gestagens, especially those with high androgen activity, widely used against miscarriages may lead to tomboys, but without differences in sexual orientation. However, it has been observed that the frequency of bisexual and lesbian women is higher in women with congenital adrenogenital syndrome. Hormones sexual desire and sexuality during menstrual cycle It has been established that sexual desire, autoeroticism and sexual fantasies in women depend on androgen levels. There are a lot of reports claiming that sexual desire varies during the menstrual cycle. Hormonal contraception and sexuality Most patients using birth control pills present with decreased libido. But, there are reports that progestagens with antiandrogenic effect in contraceptive pills do not affect sexual desire. Hormonal changes in peri- and postmenopausal period and sexuality Decreased levels of estrogen and testosterone in older women are associated with decreased libido, sensitivity and erotic stimuli. Sexuality and hormone replacement therapy Hormonal therapy with estrogen is efficient in reference to genital atrophy, but not to sexual desire. Really increased libido is achieved using androgens. Also, therapy with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and tibolone have positive effects on female libido. Conclusion Effect of sexual steroids on sexual sphere of women is very complex. The association between hormones and sexuality is multidimensional, as several hormones are important in regulation of sexual behaviour. Still, it should be pointed out that sexuality is in the domain of hormonal, emotional-motivational and social factors.
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Kim, Bo Hye, Yena Joo, Min-Seon Kim, Han Kyoung Choe, Qingchun Tong i Obin Kwon. "Effects of Intermittent Fasting on the Circulating Levels and Circadian Rhythms of Hormones". Endocrinology and Metabolism 36, nr 4 (31.08.2021): 745–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3803/enm.2021.405.
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Intermittent fasting has become an increasingly popular strategy in losing weight and associated reduction in obesity-related medical complications. Overwhelming studies support metabolic improvements from intermittent fasting in blood glucose levels, cardiac and brain function, and other health benefits, in addition to weight loss. However, concerns have also been raised on side effects including muscle loss, ketosis, and electrolyte imbalance. Of particular concern, the effect of intermittent fasting on hormonal circadian rhythms has received little attention. Given the known importance of circadian hormonal changes to normal physiology, potential detrimental effects by dysregulation of hormonal changes deserve careful discussions. In this review, we describe the changes in circadian rhythms of hormones caused by intermittent fasting. We covered major hormones commonly pathophysiologically involved in clinical endocrinology, including insulin, thyroid hormones, and glucocorticoids. Given that intermittent fasting could alter both the level and frequency of hormone secretion, decisions on practicing intermittent fasting should take more considerations on potential detrimental consequences versus beneficial effects pertaining to individual health conditions.
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He, Jinhan, Qiuqiong Cheng i Wen Xie. "Minireview: Nuclear Receptor-Controlled Steroid Hormone Synthesis and Metabolism". Molecular Endocrinology 24, nr 1 (1.01.2010): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/me.2009-0212.
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Abstract Steroid hormones are essential in normal physiology whereas disruptions in hormonal homeostasis represent an important etiological factor for many human diseases. Steroid hormones exert most of their functions through the binding and activation of nuclear hormone receptors (NRs or NHRs), a superfamily of DNA-binding and often ligand-dependent transcription factors. In recent years, accumulating evidence has suggested that NRs can also regulate the biosynthesis and metabolism of steroid hormones. This review will focus on the recent progress in our understanding of the regulatory role of NRs in hormonal homeostasis and the implications of this regulation in physiology and diseases.
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Akinola, Modupe, Elizabeth Page-Gould, Pranjal H. Mehta i Jackson G. Lu. "Collective hormonal profiles predict group performance". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, nr 35 (15.08.2016): 9774–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1603443113.
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Prior research has shown that an individual’s hormonal profile can influence the individual’s social standing within a group. We introduce a different construct—a collective hormonal profile—which describes a group’s hormonal make-up. We test whether a group’s collective hormonal profile is related to its performance. Analysis of 370 individuals randomly assigned to work in 74 groups of three to six individuals revealed that group-level concentrations of testosterone and cortisol interact to predict a group’s standing across groups. Groups with a collective hormonal profile characterized by high testosterone and low cortisol exhibited the highest performance. These collective hormonal level results remained reliable when controlling for personality traits and group-level variability in hormones. These findings support the hypothesis that groups with a biological propensity toward status pursuit (high testosterone) coupled with reduced stress-axis activity (low cortisol) engage in profit-maximizing decision-making. The current work extends the dual-hormone hypothesis to the collective level and provides a neurobiological perspective on the factors that determine who rises to the top across, not just within, social hierarchies.
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Gore, Andrea C., Katherine M. Martien, Khatuna Gagnidze i Donald Pfaff. "Implications of Prenatal Steroid Perturbations for Neurodevelopment, Behavior, and Autism". Endocrine Reviews 35, nr 6 (11.09.2014): 961–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/er.2013-1122.
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Abstract The prenatal brain develops under the influence of an ever-changing hormonal milieu that includes endogenous fetal gonadal and adrenal hormones, placental and maternal hormones, and exogenous substances with hormonal activity that can cross the placental barrier. This review discusses the influences of endogenous fetal and maternal hormones on normal brain development and potential consequences of pathophysiological hormonal perturbations to the developing brain, with particular reference to autism. We also consider the effects of hormonal pharmaceuticals used for assisted reproduction, the maintenance of pregnancy, the prevention of congenital adrenal hypertrophy, and hormonal contraceptives continued into an unanticipated pregnancy, among others. These treatments, although in some instances life-saving, may have unintended consequences on the developing fetuses. Additional concern is raised by fetal exposures to endocrine-disrupting chemicals encountered universally by pregnant women from food/water containers, contaminated food, household chemicals, and other sources. What are the potential outcomes of prenatal steroid perturbations on neurodevelopmental and behavioral disorders, including autism-spectrum disorders? Our purposes here are 1) to summarize some consequences of steroid exposures during pregnancy for the development of brain and behavior in the offspring; 2) to summarize what is known about the relationships between exposures and behavior, including autism spectrum disorders; 3) to discuss the molecular underpinnings of such effects, especially molecular epigenetic mechanisms of prenatal steroid manipulations, a field that may explain effects of direct exposures, and even transgenerational effects; and 4) for all of these, to add cautionary notes about their interpretation in the name of scientific rigor.
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Nässel, Dick R., i Meet Zandawala. "Hormonal axes in Drosophila: regulation of hormone release and multiplicity of actions". Cell and Tissue Research 382, nr 2 (22.08.2020): 233–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00441-020-03264-z.
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Abstract Hormones regulate development, as well as many vital processes in the daily life of an animal. Many of these hormones are peptides that act at a higher hierarchical level in the animal with roles as organizers that globally orchestrate metabolism, physiology and behavior. Peptide hormones can act on multiple peripheral targets and simultaneously convey basal states, such as metabolic status and sleep-awake or arousal across many central neuronal circuits. Thereby, they coordinate responses to changing internal and external environments. The activity of neurosecretory cells is controlled either by (1) cell autonomous sensors, or (2) by other neurons that relay signals from sensors in peripheral tissues and (3) by feedback from target cells. Thus, a hormonal signaling axis commonly comprises several components. In mammals and other vertebrates, several hormonal axes are known, such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad axis or the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis that regulate reproduction and metabolism, respectively. It has been proposed that the basic organization of such hormonal axes is evolutionarily old and that cellular homologs of the hypothalamic-pituitary system can be found for instance in insects. To obtain an appreciation of the similarities between insect and vertebrate neurosecretory axes, we review the organization of neurosecretory cell systems in Drosophila. Our review outlines the major peptidergic hormonal pathways known in Drosophila and presents a set of schemes of hormonal axes and orchestrating peptidergic systems. The detailed organization of the larval and adult Drosophila neurosecretory systems displays only very basic similarities to those in other arthropods and vertebrates.
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Bartholomew, Morgan E., Vincent Rozalski, Anne Richards, Joyce Gurdock, Mary Thornton, Connie Fee, Sa'ar L. Lipshitz, Thomas J. Metzler, Thomas C. Neylan i Sabra S. Inslicht. "Impact of hormonal contraceptives on sex differences in fear conditioning and fear extinction in PTSD". Learning & Memory 29, nr 9 (wrzesień 2022): 332–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/lm.053597.122.
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Sex differences in the neurobiological mechanisms involved in fear conditioning and extinction have been suggested to contribute to differential vulnerability for the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in women compared with men. Reproductive hormones, such as estradiol, have been shown to facilitate fear conditioning and extinction learning and may explain some of these differences. However, the effect of commonly used hormonal contraceptives on the neurobiological mechanisms of fear conditioning and extinction is poorly understood. A laboratory study was conducted in trauma-exposed men and women with and without full or partial PTSD to examine effects of sex and use of hormonal birth control on fear conditioning, fear extinction learning, and extinction retention. Participants underwent fear conditioning with stimuli that were paired (CS+) or unpaired (CS−) with shock. Extinction learning occurred 72 h later, and extinction retention was tested 1 wk after extinction. Women on hormonal contraceptives (HCs) demonstrated enhanced acquisition of fear conditioning and enhanced extinction of fear as compared with women off hormonal birth control and men. While clinical implications have yet to be determined, these results suggest that hormonal contraceptives may facilitate learning during both fear acquisition and extinction. Understanding the impact of sex and hormones on fear conditioning and extinction processes may lead to new insights into the pathophysiology of PTSD and result in advancements in treatment that may vary by sex.
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Casanova, Natalina, Ana Palmeira-de-Oliveira, Vítor Machado Reis, Nuno Cameira Serra i Aldo M. Costa. "Respostas hormonais da testosterona e do cortisol em contexto competitivo: uma revisão sistemática". Motricidade 11, nr 4 (10.03.2016): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.6063/motricidade.6328.
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<p>Nesta revisão foram analisados os estudos que apresentam resultados da resposta das hormonas consideradas de <em>stresse</em>, o cortisol e a testosterona, claramente associadas a um comportamento psicobiológico relacionado com a competição desportiva. Após uma pesquisa efetuada nas bases de dados <em>ScienceDirect e Medline/Pubmed</em>, foram selecionados sobre esta temática os estudos mais recentes realizados (>2002). A maioria dos estudos recorre a amostras reduzidas e maioritariamente sobre o sexo masculino. O efeito antecipatório à competição, caracterizado por um aumento da ansiedade, geralmente determina um aumento da concentração de ambas as hormonas, em especial um aumento da concentração de cortisol. Estas alterações na resposta hormonal surgem igualmente associadas ao resultado da competição, com concentrações de testosterona mais elevada nos vitoriosos do que nos perdedores, juntamente com estados psicológicos positivos associados à vitória e negativos associados à derrota. O sexo e o nível desportivo do atleta são igualmente considerados fatores diferenciadores do comportamento hormonal em contexto competitivo. Estudos futuros deverão esclarecer os efeitos a longo prazo nessa resposta hormonal em atletas de elite, considerando o treino intenso prévio e a participação regular em competições de elevado nível. Fica também por aprofundar o efeito que determinada resposta hormonal terá no desempenho desportivo sobretudo quando considerada ao longo de um determinado evento competitivo ou torneio.</p>
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Miromanov, Alexandr M., i Kirill A. Gusev. "Osteogenesis Hormonal Regulation: Review". Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia 27, nr 4 (29.12.2021): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21823/2311-2905-1609.
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Background. The endocrine system occupies a leading place not only in the regulation of growth and development mechanisms, but also in compensation reactions when the body is exposed to extreme factors. Coordinated hormonal regulation contributes to the correct response of the macroorganism adaptive processes, aimed at restoring and maintaining homeostasis. A cascade of endocrine changes accompanies the processes of both physiological and reparative regeneration of bone tissue at all its stages. The aim of the study was to analyze the currently known mechanisms of hormonal regulation of physiological and reparative bone tissue regeneration. Materials and Methods. The search and analysis of scientific literary sources was carried out in the electronic databases PubMed and eLIBRARY. Search depth 10 years. Results. The review considers both fundamental aspects and new data on the main histogenetic mechanisms of osteogenesis hormonal regulation. The ways and points of interaction of the endocrine and skeletal systems are highlighted, the main functions of hormones in the participation of bone remodeling in different age periods are determined. Conclusion. In violations of physiological regulation, hormonal imbalance is assigned a key role, while under conditions of reparative osteogenesis, the role of qualitative and dynamic changes in the endocrine system has been studied insufficiently. Hormonal regulation of reparative regeneration to date has no clear assessment criteria and requires further research.
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Ventskovskii, B. M., i L. M. Varchenko. "Substitution therapy with levothyroxine in balancing of hormonal interactions at subclinical hypothyroidism in reproductive-age women". HEALTH OF WOMAN, nr 7(133) (30.09.2018): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/hw.2018.133.46.
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6 months levothyroxine appointment in 80 reproductive-age women with subtypical hypothyroidism contributed to the normalization of hormonal interactions in the pituitary-ovarian axis with the elimination of reproductive system disorders in 58.8% cases. Hormonal disorders with hyperprolactinemia persisted in 41.2% of women, so they continued substitution therapy with the inclusion of selective dopamine receptor blocker of cabergoline. After 9, and even more after 12 months of this treatment, both the normalization of the hormonal profile and the elimination of clinical manifestations of disorders in the reproductive system were achieved. Key words: hyperprolactinemia, cabergoline, menstrual disorders, reproductive system, hormones.
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Fetisova, N. V. "PROBLEMS OF THE INFORMATIVE AND THE RELIABILITY OF THE ASSESSMENT OF BIOMARKERS INCLUDED IN THE HORMONAL PROFILE OF THE PATIENT". Physical and rehabilitation medicine, medical rehabilitation 1, nr 2 (15.06.2019): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.36425/2658-6843-19187.
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The accessible lab diagnostic and expansion of knowledge about the important role of hormones in health regulation lead to the increase of the quantity of lab hormonal tests. Often patients prescribe diagnostic by themselves. Incorrect blood, salvia and urine sampling results in the incorrect diagnostic and treatment. The following article is focused on the rules of sampling for hormonal diagnostic.
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Ruffatto, Juliane, Vanessa Faedo Serafin, Leonardo Decesaro i Kenny Basso. "O Papel Mediador das Emoções na Relação entre Hormônios Femininos e Escolha Indulgente". Revista Brasileira de Marketing 17, nr 1 (1.02.2018): 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/remark.v17i1.3334.
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sabido que o comportamento de consumo influenciado por diversos fatores; dentre eles, fatores fisiolgicos pouco explorados em pesquisas como a influncia da alterao hormonal no comportamento de consumo feminino. Os diferentes picos de hormnios decorrentes do ciclo menstrual feminino no s provocam mudanas fsicas no organismo da mulher, mas como tambm mudanas no seu modo de agir e no seu comportamento. Desse modo, o objetivo da pesquisa entender o efeito hormonal feminino nas emoes, e estas nas escolhas por produtos indulgentes. Para tanto, participaram deste estudo 164 mulheres em perodo reprodutivo com idades entre 18 e 39 anos em diferentes fases do ciclo hormonal. Para estabelecer relao com trs variveis distintas e testar a hiptese, utilizou-se a mediao por meio da regresso para explicar o efeito indireto do perodo hormonal na escolha pela lista indulgente, mediada pela emoo. Os resultados sugerem que as alteraes hormonais, ocasionadas pelo ciclo menstrual feminino, no qual h um aumento na atividade hormonal, possam influenciar negativamente as emoes negativas, ou seja, a maior produo hormonal gerar menos emoes negativas, que por sua vez favorecer a escolha de produtos menos indulgentes (mais saudveis).
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Csaba, G. "Bone Manifestation of Faulty Perinatal Hormonal Imprinting: A Review". Current Pediatric Reviews 15, nr 1 (5.04.2019): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573396315666181126110110.
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Hormonal imprinting takes place at the first encounter between the developing receptor and its target hormone and the encounter determines the receptor's binding capacity for life. In the critical period of development, when the window for imprinting is open, the receptor can be misdirected by related hormones, synthetic hormones, and industrial or communal endocrine disruptors which cause faulty hormonal imprinting with life-long consequences. Considering these facts, the hormonal imprinting is a functional teratogen provoking alterations in the perinatal (early postnatal) period. One single encounter with a low dose of the imprinter in the critical developmental period is enough for the formation of faulty imprinting, which is manifested later, in adult age. This has been justified in the immune system, in sexuality, in animal behavior and brain neurotransmitters etc. by animal experiments and human observations. This review points to the faulty hormonal imprinting in the case of bones (skeleton), by single or repeated treatments. The imprinting is an epigenetic alteration which is inherited to the progeny generations. From clinical aspect, the faulty imprinting can have a role in the pathological development of the bones as well, as in the risk of osteoporotic fractures, etc.
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Fischer, Susanne, i Sigal Zilcha-Mano. "Why Does Psychotherapy Work and for Whom? Hormonal Answers". Biomedicines 10, nr 6 (9.06.2022): 1361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10061361.
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The questions of for whom and why psychotherapy is effective have been the focus of five decades of research. Most of this knowledge is based on self-report measures. Following the biopsychosocial model of mental disorders, this article explores the potential of hormones in answering these questions. The literature on cortisol, oxytocin, and oestradiol in psychotherapy was systematically searched, focusing on (a) baseline hormonal predictors of who may benefit from psychotherapy and (b) hormonal changes as indicators of therapeutic change. The search was limited to depression and anxiety disorders. In sum, the findings show that, of all three hormones, the role of cortisol is most established and that both cortisol and oxytocin are implicated in psychotherapy, although a causal role is still waiting to be demonstrated. Moreover, there is a differential role of hormones in the psychotherapy of depression versus anxiety. The directions of research mapped in this article may elucidate how psychotherapy can be selected to match patients’ endocrine states and how hormonal levels can be manipulated to improve outcomes.
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Martini, Martini, i Martini Fairus. "Penggunaan Kontrasepsi Hormonal Berhubungan dengan Penurunan Kualitas Fisik dan Mental Sosial Akseptor". Jurnal Kesehatan Metro Sai Wawai 10, nr 2 (30.12.2017): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.26630/jkm.v10i2.1730.
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<p><strong><em>Background: </em></strong><em>The use of contraceptives that contain synthetic hormones for pregnancy prevention is not without risk. Continuous use for more than 5 years increases the risk of 40%, 10 years 80% and 20 years 160% to get cancer.</em><strong><em> Purpose: </em></strong><em>This study aims to determine the relationship of hormonal contraceptive use with physical and mental quality of life. <strong>M</strong><strong>ethods: </strong>The study design was cross sectional conducted in September 2017. The study population was hormonal contraceptive users in Metro Selatan Subdistrict, Metro City in 2017 with a total sample of 138 people. Data collected using a questionnaire to obtain hormonal contraceptive acceptor data and quality of life physically and mentally social and bivariate analysis using chi square test. <strong>Results: </strong>The results showed a significant relationship between hormonal contraception and physical health (p 0.010) and a significant relationship between hormonal contraception and social mental health (p 0.014). <strong>Conclusion: </strong>The use of hormonal contraception is related to decreased physical health and social mental health. Acceptors using hormonal contraception have lower physical and mental health scores than non-hormonal contraceptive users.</em></p>