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Ramsay, Lagos María Soledad. "Diálogo horizontal". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/115632.
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Escultora“Diálogo Horizontal” es un proyecto escultórico que busca representar una valorización de la naturaleza y su vínculo con el humano. Para esto, se acude al arte ancestral que refleja, desde su estética, la relación de las personas con el comportamiento del entorno natural. Este diálogo comienza con un viaje al pasado que recorre el arte rupestre encontrado en el territorio del Chile continental, generándose así una plática entre lo ancestral y lo contemporáneo para construir un imaginario inspirado en simbolismos y tendencias contenidas en este arte. Las motivaciones de esta temática surgen al observar el comportamiento actual de la sociedad frente al ecosistema.
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COSTA, SUZANA SANTOS. "TRANSIENT MODELING OF HORIZONTAL AND NEAR HORIZONTAL FOR WELLBORE DRILLING". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2006. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=8883@1.
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AGÊNCIA NACIONAL DE PETRÓLEOGRUPO DE TECNOLOGIA E ENGENHARIA DE PETRÓLEO - PUC-RIO
Dentre os custos considerados na explotação de um campo de petróleo, os de perfuração constituem uma parcela significativa do total. Dentro deste cenário, devemos estar atentos à remoção dos cascalhos gerados pela perfuração, também referido como limpeza de poços. Esta operação é, ainda hoje, um tema crítico na perfuração de poços de alta inclinação, pois os cascalhos que se depositam devido à ação da gravidade, formam um leito no interior do espaço anular formado entre a coluna de perfuração e o revestimento. Quando este leito ocupa grande parte do espaço anular, ele é responsável por diversos problemas na perfuração, como por exemplo, desgaste prematuro da broca, baixas taxas de penetração, fraturamento da formação, torques e arrastes excessivos na coluna de perfuração, prisão da coluna de perfuração, interrupção da circulação de fluido, aumento da pressão no anular, etc. Se esta situação não for tratada adequadamente, o problema pode provocar a perda do poço. A tese propõe uma modelagem para o escoamento multifásico na perfuração de poços de petróleo, capaz de avaliar a formação do leito de cascalhos e prever oscilações de pressões no anular decorrentes do escoamento. O modelo adotado é o de duas camadas, onde o espaço anular é dividido em duas regiões: leito e suspensão. O leito (Região 1) é formado pelos cascalhos que se sedimentam devido ao efeito gravitacional enquanto a suspensão (Região 2) é a porção do anular acima do leito depositado, formada pelo fluido de perfuração e os cascalhos transportados. As equações que constituem o modelo implementado são dadas pelas equações de conservação de massa para os sólidos e para o líquido e as equações de conservação de quantidade de movimento para o leito e para a suspensão. O método dos volumes finitos foi utilizado para a discretização das equações diferenciais juntamente com o método de Newton para a solução do sistema não-linear de equações. A solução é dada através das seguintes variáveis: altura do leito, velocidade dos sólidos no leito e na suspensão, velocidade do fluido no leito e na suspensão, pressão no anular e concentração de sólidos no anular. Exemplos de aplicação da metodologia são apresentados e mostram o comportamento das variáveis envolvidas ao longo do tempo. Os exemplos mostram a eficácia da metodologia para simular operações de perfuração, em especial, a limpeza de poço.
Among the costs considered on an oil field exploration, the drilling process related ones constitute a significant share. Consequently, the focus on the removal of cuttings generated by the drilling process, or the hole cleaning operation, is essential. This operation remains a critical issue in the drilling of high inclination-wells, since the cuttings tend to deposit themselves due to gravity´s action, forming a bed in the annular space formed between the drill string and the casing. When this bed takes a sizable fraction of the annular space, it becomes responsible for many problems that appear on the drilling stage, such as premature bit´s exhaustion, low rates of penetration, formation fracture, excessive torque and drag on the drillstring, stuck pipe, fluid flow interruption, etc. If this situation is not treated properly, it may cause the loss of the well. This present thesis proposes a model for multiphase flow in the wellbore drilling, capable of evaluating the formation of the cuttings´ bed and to predict oscillations of pressures in annulus due to the flow. A two-layer model is adopted, where the annular space is divided in two regions: bed and suspension. The bed (Region 1) is formed by the cuttings, which were deposited due to the action of gravitational force, while the suspension (Region 2) is the portion of the annular above the deposited bed, formed by the drilling fluid and cuttings. The constitutive equations of the aforementioned model are given by the equations of mass conservation for solids and liquids and the momentum conservation equations for the bed and the suspension. The finite volumes method was used to turn the differentials equations into discrete ones, while the Newton´s method was applied for the solution of the nonlinear system of equations. The solution is given through the following variables: bed height, solid velocity and fluid velocity both in bed and suspension, annular pressure and solid concentration in the annular. Examples of application of the methodology are presented, showing the behavior of the involved variables through time. The examples show the efficacy of the methodology to simulate drilling operations, in special hole cleaning ones.
3
Schotanus, Fredo. "Horizontal cooperative purchasing". Enschede : University of Twente [Host], 2007. http://doc.utwente.nl/58013.
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Harding, Eloise Mary. "Conceptualising horizontal politics". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12659/.
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This project investigates the likelihood of a distinctive ideology emerging from what are known as ‘horizontal’ political movements – those which, in brief, aim to operate non-hierarchically guided by principles such as affinity – and furthermore to identify the potential components of such an ideology. The methodology is broadly based on that developed by Freeden, namely an analysis of the conceptual morphology of the ideas put out by horizontal movements. The sources used derive largely from the output of the movements themselves in various forms. I conclude that horizontal politics does have a recognisable ideological configuration, and that this is distinctive from other related ideologies such as anarchism.
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Cuaranta, Paola Karina. "Fractura radicular horizontal". Trabajo final de especialización, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Odontología, 2020. http://bdigital.uncu.edu.ar/15320.
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Los traumatismos son lesiones que sufre nuestro organismo de forma brusca por agentes externos. Los traumatismos dentarios considerados como urgencias odontológicas afectan a la región facial, lo cual conlleva un compromiso estético, social y funcional. Además, se lo asocia con dolor, por lo que requiere un pronto tratamiento y resolución. Además de la inmediatez en la implementación del tratamiento, es necesario controles clínicos y radiográficos por un largo período de tiempo. La incidencia de este tipo de injuria varía del 4% al 30% en la población en general. Cada agente traumático produce lesiones específicas, por lo que debemos saber cuál fue el tipo de trauma que lo produjo. Aunque los traumatismos dentales pueden ocurrir a cualquier edad, presentan dos picos de máxima incidencia, entre 2 y 5 años, dónde se observan fracturas coronales no complicadas, aunque también predominan luxaciones o avulsiones debido a la mayor porosidad ósea y menor superficie radicular, y entre los 8 y 12 años en los dientes permanentes. Se estima que al finalizar la secundaria uno de cada tres niños y una de cada cuatro niñas han sufrido un traumatismo dental.
El diente más vulnerable es el incisivo central superior el cual soporta el 80% de todas las lesiones traumáticas dentarias, seguido por los incisivos laterales superiores y después centrales y laterales inferiores.
En el presente trabajo se describe un caso clínico, donde a causa de un traumatismo los incisivos centrales superiores sufrieron fracturas radiculares horizontales y se detalla la terapéutica aplicada.Fil: Cuaranta, Paola Karina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Odontología.
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Videla, Gómez Valeria. "Fractura radicular horizontal". Trabajo final de especialización, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Odontología, 2020. http://bdigital.uncu.edu.ar/15328.
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Los traumatismos dentarios, son aquellas lesiones ocasionadas por un golpe externo de mayor o menor intensidad, que pueden provocar lesión en tejidos duros y blandos, y son considerados una urgencia dentro de la práctica odontológica, por lo tanto, deben ser tratados con inmediatez. Como ocurren con mayor frecuencia en el sector de los incisivos superiores implican un compromiso estético.
Las fracturas radiculares, son poco frecuentes, pero se han estudiado de una manera amplia y detallada en lo que respecta a su diagnóstico, clasificación, sintomatología, tratamiento, pronóstico y prevención. Éstas pueden ser horizontales, verticales u oblicuas. A su vez las horizontales se pueden localizar en el tercio apical, medio y coronal.
El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el caso de un paciente con fracturas horizontales en el tercio medio radicular de los incisivos centrales superiores, describir el diagnóstico, las terapéuticas aplicadas y estimar el efecto de los factores del tratamiento sobre la curación.
Se presenta a la consulta un paciente de 18 años de edad que durante una práctica deportiva refirió haber sufrido un golpe y como consecuencia del mismo se produjo un leve desplazamiento hacia palatino del elemento 11. El mismo día es asistido en una sala de urgencias donde le realizaron la apertura de dicho elemento.Fil: Videla Gómez, Valeria. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Odontología.
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CARNEIRO, JOAO NEUENSCHWANDER ESCOSTEGUY. "NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF TWOPHASE SLUG FLOW IN HORIZONTAL AND NEARLY HORIZONTAL PIPES". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2006. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=8199@1.
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FUNDAÇÃO DE APOIO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIROEscoamentos bifásicos no regime de golfadas são caracterizados pela alternância de pacotes de líquido e grandes bolhas de gás na tubulação, sendo associados a altas perdas de carga, além de trazer uma indesejada intermitência aos escoamentos. O desenvolvimento do regime de golfadas em tubulações horizontais se dá a partir do escoamento estratificado em decorrência de dois fatores: do crescimento natural de pequenas perturbações (por um mecanismo de instabilidade do tipo Kelvin-Helmholtz) ou devido à acumulação de líquido causada por mudanças de inclinação no perfil do duto. O presente trabalho consiste da simulação numérica do surgimento das golfadas em ambas as situações descritas acima, assim como do subseqüente desenvolvimento do escoamento neste padrão para um regime estatisticamente permanente. A previsão do escoamento é obtida utilizando-se uma formulação unidimensional baseada no Modelo de Dois Fluidos. Parâmetros médios das golfadas (comprimento, velocidade e freqüência) são comparados com estudos numéricos e experimentais da literatura, obtendo-se uma concordância bastante satisfatória, especialmente dada a simplicidade de uma formulação unidimensional.
Slug flow is a two-phase flow pattern which is characterized by the periodic presence of packs of liquid and long bubbles in the tube, associated with high pressure-drops and an often undesired intermittency in the system. The development of the slug pattern in horizontal pipes is caused by two reasons: the natural growth of small disturbancies at the interface (by a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability mechanism) or the liquid accumulation at valleys of hilly terrain pipelines with sections of different inclinations. The present work consists of the numerical simulation of the onset of slugging in both situations, as well as the subsequent development of statistically steady slug flow in the pipe. The prediction of the flow is obtained through a one- dimensional formulation based on the Two-Fluid Model. Averaged slug parameters (length, velocity and frequency) are compared with previous numerical studies and experimental correlations avaiable in the literature, and a very satisfactrory agreement is obtained, specially given the simplicity of a one dimensional formulation.
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Akangbou, H. N. "Optimizing oil production in horizontal wells (water/oil cresting in horizontal wells)". Thesis, University of Salford, 2017. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/43678/.
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In recent years, the application of horizontal wells has been predominant in minimizing cresting scenarios due to significant reservoir exposure of its laterals. Cresting is known to occur in horizontal wells when the pressure drop supersedes the hydrostatic pressure existing between the phases in a typical reservoir. Cresting poses problems such as uneconomic oil production rates due to increasing volumes of effluent(s) (unwanted water and or gas) produced with oil over time as well as the overall recovery efficiency of oil reservoirs. Production optimization from crest-affected thick- and thin-oil rim homogeneous reservoirs were investigated experimentally by considering the effect of varying the inclined sections of a horizontal well at low angles of inclination (15o-30o), initial surface pressures (-4.351Psig), lateral length in reservoir (lr, = 0.305 m) and oil viscosity (50 cP) on oil recovery, oil produced and cumulative water produced during cresting. A strong bottom aquifer and considerable gas cap were modeled at constant bottom water injection rate of 41.68 cm3/s and at atmospheric pressure (14.7 Psi) respectively. An experimental proactive cresting control technique based on reservoir wettability, gravity segregation and effluent(s) breakthrough times were investigated for cresting control in thick- and thin-oil rim homogeneous reservoirs, using an electromagnetic valve installation. Numerical simulations were considered using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) to the determine the velocity of captured water cresting images and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to validate the oil withdrawal rate, Gas-Oil-Contact (GOC) and Water-Oil-Contact (WOC) by applying boundary conditions from the physical model. From results of varying the inclined section of the horizontal well, the Short radius wells with 30o angle of inclination and ratio of vertical displacement of the inclined section to reservoir height (Vd/Hr) of 0.079 resulted in 177.75 cm3 increment in oil recovered and reduction in cumulative water produced (258 cm3) at a production time of 300 s in thick-oil rim reservoirs while 250 cm3 increment in oil was observed with 356 cm3 reduction in cumulative water produced at a production time of 495 s in thick-oil rim reservoirs with Vd/Hr, 0.063. Further increment of 108.91 cm3 in oil produced and reduction in cumulative water produced (183.99 cm3), was observed when cresting was controlled proactively in thick-oil rim reservoirs. From varying the inclined section of the horizontal well, increment in oil produced of 163 cm3 and 134 cm3 cumulative reduction in produced water were observed at Vd/Hr equals 0.079 in thin-oil rim reservoirs at a simulation time of 210 s while a lower oil increment of 6.84 cm3 and cumulative water reduction of 10.98 cm3 were observed in thin-oil rim reservoirs when controlled proactively. The over predicted quantitative results as high as 75.06% using the CFD model compared with experimental data were due to two-dimensional (2D) model limitations in porous media as well as the corresponding grain sizes. To exemplify, for WOC the predicted results was about 28.56% compared to experimental data at 4.5 s. The average velocity profile from PIV analysis increased steadily from 0.113 to 2.08E-15 m/s from 10 to 90 s.
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Ozkan, Erdal. "Performance of horizontal wells /". Access abstract and link to full text, 1988. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/8825498.
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Eisold, Hans-Elmar. "Von Horizontal zu Vertikal". Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-150574.
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Die Bedeutung der (Wind)Mühle als kultur- und technikgeschichtlicher Meilenstein ist durch die mit ihr einhergehende Erhöhung der Leistungsfähigkeit des Kornmahlens unbestritten. Interessant ist die technisches Entwicklung der Windmühle sowohl aus ihren geographischen wie kulturellen, d. h. religiösen, Wurzeln.
Auf den folgenden Seiten werden im wesentlichen grundlegende technisches Entwicklungsbedingungen und Typen der klassischen Windmühle überblicksartig zusammengefasst sowie eine Entwicklungsabfolge dargelegt. Ausgangspunkt ist dabei mit der Horizontalwindmühle der erste bekannte Windmühlentyp. Die Holländerwindmühle soll als Gipfel traditioneller Windmühlen den Endpunkt dieser Betrachtung bilden.
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Solaymani-Kohal, Jamshid. "Airflow through horizontal openings". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294525.
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Creddo, Martina. "Horizontal Convexity on Carnot Groups". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
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In questa tesi introdurremo la nozione di gruppo di Carnot e studieremo le funzioni orizzontalmente convesse in questi gruppi. Daremo diverse definizioni di convessità orizzontale sul gruppo di Heisenberg e ne dimostreremo l'equivalenza. Poi faremo lo stesso per generali gruppi di Carnot. Infine dimostreremo il Principio del Confronto e il principio del Massimo per funzioni orizzontalmente convesse nel gruppo di Heisenberg H1.
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Frias, Carolina, i Jenny-Ann Ruhlander. "Management accounting in horizontal networks". Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1380.
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Background: The management accounting coordination in a horizontal network of small and medium sized companies entails numerous questions and potential complications that may vary according to the extent of cooperation chosen. Categorizing network co-operations along an imaginary market–hierarchy continuum might offer the theoretical foundation needed to further understand networks and as a consequence illuminate the link to the diverse management accounting issues.
Purpose: To analyze the management accounting systems in different forms of horizontal network co-operations.
Delimitations: It is not within the purpose of the thesis to discuss the various reasons why cooperative relationships are established in the first place, nor how they develop. Proceed of the study: A multiple case study of three Swedish networks composed of small/medium-sized firms was carried out with the help of thirteen interviews.
Conclusions: Empirical support is offered for both the business and functional network types. The model of Dahlgren et al. does not take into account that the degree of integration of the network supporting activities does not necessarily have to entail the equivalent degree of integration regarding the management accounting system. Hence, the typology of networks cannot be said to be conveniently applicable to study all horizontal networks, as the model may leave out certain significant dimensions that obstruct the understanding of a network.
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Hamdan, May. "Horizontal and Vertical Concept Transitions". Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-82539.
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Bright, Victor M. "Shear horizontal surface acoustic waves". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14831.
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Wong, Yiik Diew. "Driver behaviour at horizontal curves". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil Engineering, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7596.
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Studies relating accident occurrence to horizontal curve geometry indicate a strong association between the radius of horizontal curves and accident occurrence, but the individual effect of horizontal curvature on safety is still uncertain. The preponderance of human error as a contributory cause of accidents has led to a growing interest in research on driver behaviour. The human factor in road safety is discussed and literature on driver behaviour on horizontal curves is reviewed.
A study involving unobtrusive observation of driver behaviour at two curves (an isolated curve and a reverse curve) before and after realignment was carried out. Data on driver behaviour was collected by continuous video-recording of each subject vehicle as it moved through each curve. Lateral placement and speed data along the curve were extracted from the video record, and the path radius and sideway force coefficient at the mid-point of the curve were estimated. The observed driver behaviour is discussed.
The results of the study were checked against the underlying design assumptions, which are shown not to be completely and universally valid. The evaluation of the realignment, based on driver behaviour and the sideway force coefficient, and the accident records show that there was an overall improvement in the margin of safety at all the curves (except one). The results do not support the concept of risk homeostasis, although there is evidence of risk compensation.
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Yeoh, Joseph Guan Chong. "Artificial horizontal transfer of retroposons". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2014. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8972.
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Many factors may explain why certain transposable elements (TEs) spread in some species and not others. On the one hand, they include processes that affect the rate of transposition, such as differences in the regulation of expression; on the other hand, they include characteristics of a genome that affect the consequences of transposition. In particular genome size may have an effect: a genome that is large due to non-essential repetitive DNA may be permissive for TE movement, as insertion events are less likely to be deleterious. Genome size may also help explain the pattern of TE distribution between species of mosquitoes, including the important vectors of arboviruses, Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens sensu lato. These species have genomes 3- 5 times larger than a third genus, the Anopheles mosquitoes, which includes the malaria vectors. While all mosquitoes carry a diverse range of TEs, only culicines have the super abundant retroposon, Juan which can contribute up to 3% of the genome. The genome sequences of various insect species were compared and the mosquitoes show a significant trend of increase in genome size, which can be attributed to the increase in retroposon sequences. Two variants of Juan are reported, and new information is added regarding these elements. Previous publication of these elements contained errors in their sequences. A unique triple repeat of a cysteine rich region with a CCHC motif is present in the open reading frame. This sequence is a zinc-knuckle domain, important for the replication mechanism of these elements. In comparison, a third recently active but very low copy number retroposon, termed Pip1, is also described. The results show that Pip1 is related to the Juan elements and also possess the triple CCHC motif. The PCR results also supports previous findings of polymorphism in insertion sites of this element, suggesting that Pip1 was active after the establishment of the different strains. Pip1 copies can be grouped into three distinct groups based on nucleotide differences. Pip1 could also be using an alternative start codon to initiate transcription. Full length intact copies of the three TEs in this study were been cloned into a germline transformation vector based on piggyBac and used for germline transformation in Drosophila melanogaster. Drosophila melanogaster has no Juan or Pip1 elements and an even smaller genome than anophelines mosquitoes, so insertion events from unregulated TE movement should be more detectable. We found that the elements have been successfully introduced into the Drosophila lines. The lines were inbred to obtain a homozygous population. A range of transformed lines were monitored. No effects of hybrid dysgenesis was found. Flies with black spotted eyes were identified in a Pip1 line but this phenotype was not heritable. Whole genome sequencing was carried out on the flies using next generation sequencing (NGS) technology. Retroposon sequences was detected at a high frequency. Insertion junctions were not detected but this result does not eliminate the possibility that a junction is present but the sequencing was not sensitive enough. A possible explanation is the retroposon is present as extrachromosomal plasmid DNA.
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Calvert, Stefan Eric Edward. "Log interpretation in horizontal wells". Thesis, University of Leicester, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30447.
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Chiu-Webster, Sunny. "Horizontal convection and glass furnaces". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611923.
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Oliveira, Sobrinho Wilson Abel de 1947. "Transporte pneumatico horizontal de soja". [s.n.], 2018. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/322548.
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Orientador : Andre ToselloDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Mestrado
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Nakahira, Ricardo. "Eficácia horizontal dos direitos fundamentais". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2007. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/7752.
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Previous issue date: 2007-10-24The purpose of this study is to systematize the concept, national an foreign, of the horizontal efficacy of fundamental rights. The issue is relevant considering that fundamental rights have been violated since the beginning of civilization. In the current days their protection and observance are still necessary. These violations can be derived from sovereign States and from private agents big companies, banks, unions, associations making therefore the awareness of these rights by those agents ultimately necessary. The fashion, the scope and the range of this efficacy are the subject of this paper. As it can be verified throughout the text, the direct application of fundamental rights in private relations was admitted. Lastly it was put forward considerations about the problem of recognizing the horizontal efficacy of fundamental rights
O objetivo do presente trabalho consiste em sistematizar o pensamento da doutrina nacional e estrangeira sobre a eficácia horizontal dos direitos fundamentais. O tema dos direitos fundamentais é muito caro ao ser humano e as suas violações remontam o começo da humanidade. Nos dias atuais é viva a necessidade de sua proteção e preservação. Verificamos que as violações aos direitos fundamentais podem partir tanto do Estado soberano como, também, dos agentes privados (grandes empresas, bancos, sindicatos, associações, etc.). Daí a necessidade de reconhecer a sua eficácia perante os particulares. O modo, a forma e o alcance dessa eficácia são objetos desta dissertação. Como pode ser verificado no decorrer do texto, adotamos a possibilidade de reconhecimento da aplicação direta dos direitos fundamentais nas relações privadas. Na parte final, lançamos breves considerações a respeito do problema do reconhecimento da eficácia horizontal dos direitos sociais prestacionais
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Bott, James Wescott. "Horizontal Stiffness of Wood Diaphragms". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32641.
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An experimental investigation was conducted to study the stiffness of wood diaphragms. Currently there is no method to calculate wood diaphragm stiffness that can reliably account for all of the various framing configurations. Diaphragm stiffness is important in the design of wood framed structures to calculate the predicted deflection and thereby determine if a diaphragm may be classified as rigid or flexible. This classification controls the method by which load is transferred from the diaphragm to the supporting structure below.
Multiple nondestructive experimental tests were performed on six full-scale wood diaphragms of varying sizes, aspect ratios, and load-orientations. Each test of each specimen involved a different combination of construction parameters. The construction parameters investigated were blocking, foam adhesive, presence of designated chord members, corner and center sheathing openings, and presence of walls on top of the diaphragm.
The experimental results are analyzed and compared in terms of equivalent viscous damping, global stiffness, shear stiffness, and flexural stiffness in order to evaluate the characteristics of each construction parameter and combinations thereof. Recommendations are presented at the end of this study as to the next steps toward development of an empirical method for calculating wood diaphragm stiffness.Master of Science
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Dinh, Si Tiep. "Gradient horizontal de fonctions polynomiales". Chambéry, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CHAMS016.
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Dans ce travail, nous étudions un type de champs de vecteurs plus large que les champs de gradient polynomiaux, dans Ie cas d'une distribution polynomiale de codimension un satisfaisant la condition de Hormander, ces champs de vecteurs sont appelés "gradient horizontal". Notre objectif est de mieux comprendre I'ensemble des points critiques horizontaux, qui est I'ensemble des zéros du gradient horizontal, et leurs trajectoires du gradient horizontal dans Ie cas des polynômes. Concernant I'ensemble des points critiques horizontaux, nous montrons qu'avec une certaine généricité, cet ensemble est lisse de dimension un ou vide et n’intersecte chaque surface de niveau de la fonction qu’en un nombre fini de points. Par ailleurs, via un changement de métrique convenable, nous montrons que génériquement, nous pouvons borner uniformément la longueur des trajectoires du gradient horizontal. En conséquence, génériquement, chaque trajectoire du gradient horizontal a une limite. Ces résultats font suite aux études de S. Lojasiewicz dans Ie cas riemannien. Pour terminer, nous donnons des analyses locales dans Ie cas d'une 2-distribution régulière dans R3In this work, we study a type of polynomial vector fields larger than the gradient ones, in the case of a polynomial distribution of codimension one satisfying the Hörmander's condition, we call "horizontal gradient" these vector fields. Our objective is to understand better the set of horizontal critical points, which is the set of zeros of the horizontal gradient, and the horizontal gradient trajectories in the polynomial case. Concerning the set of horizontal critical points, we show that with a certain genericity, this set is smooth of dimension one or empty and intersect each level surface of the function only at a finite number of points. Moreover, by a suitable change of metric, we show that generically, one can uniformly bound the length of all horizontal gradient trajectories. Consequently, each horizontal gradient trajectory has a limit. These results follow upon the studies of S. Lojasiewicz in the riemannian case. Finally, we give some local analysis in the case of a regular 2-distribution in R3
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Luna, Rodrigo Bandeira de. "Integração horizontal de ações governamentais". reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/5332.
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Previous issue date: 2007-07-24T00:00:00ZEsta dissertação consiste em um estudo qualitativo exploratório, com o objetivo de analisar experiências públicas estatais de integração horizontal à luz da bibliografia existente sobre as características do estado brasileiro, a lógica da organização e a macroestrutura do setor público e identificar os obstáculos relativos ao processo de adoção e implementação de tais estratégias. O tipo de pesquisa utilizado foi o estudo de casos, que nos permitiu investigar os aspectos envolvidos na adoção da intersetorialidade como modelo de gestão para a solução de problemas complexos por meio de dois casos brasileiros. As informações coletadas e referências pesquisadas trouxeram subsídio para o aprofundamento da compreensão sobre os processos de integração intersetorial, sobretudo quanto à necessidade de uma abordagem multifacetada e de sensibilidade para se alternar entre alternativas diferentes ou até opostas para que este tipo de estratégia tenha sucesso. Alguns exemplos disso são: a centralização e a descentralização; as diferentes formas de governança, como redes, hierarquia e mercado; a criação de órgãos formais ou estruturas informais. Outros aspectos implicados nessa questão são: a liderança mobilizadora do executivo central; a qualificação dos recursos humanos envolvidos; as resistências do servidor; o medo de perder poder; o patrimonialismo e o corporativismo como traços da cultura política brasileira que interferem negativamente no estabelecimento de estratégias intersetoriais; a necessidade de maior flexibilização do orçamento para compreender a lógica intersetorial; e as ações de grande visibilidade como tendo papel importante na mobilização de atores.
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Abdullahi, Mohammed Kabir. "Slug front gas entrainment in gas-liquid two-phase flow in horizontal and near horizontal pipes". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11580.
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This thesis presents experimental studies relating to gas-liquid slug flows in horizontal and near-horizontal pipelines. In such flows, liquid-continuous regions (“slugs”) pass along the pipe separated by regions of stratified flow (“elongated bubbles”) (see Chapter 1). Gas may be entrained at the slug fronts and is subsequently discharged into the elongated bubble at the slug tail. The focus of the work described in this thesis is on this gas entrainment process. Specifically, the aim is to make objective measurements of the slug front gas entrainment rate. A review of the earlier work (see Chapter 2) showed a large diversity of results for slug front gas entrainment. This reflects the difficulty of doing objective experiments on this important parameter. In the work described here, two new techniques for determining gas entrainment rate were implemented and investigated, namely the three-way valve method and the bubble shrinkage method. All of the experiments described in this thesis were with air-water flows at near atmospheric pressure, though the techniques developed could be applied to other fluid pairs and to different pressures. The three-way valve method involves diverting a slug front to pass over a stratified liquid layer and to determine the gas pick-up rate at the slug front from the slug front propagation velocity. The experiments were carried out for a 32.8 mm pipe in the LOTUS facility (described in Chapter 3) and for a 78 mm pipe using the WASP facility (also described in Chapter 3). The experimental results are presented in Chapters 4 and 5 respectively and show that the gas entrainment rate per unit film width is similar for the two diameters and depends on the relative velocity between the slug front and the liquid film ahead of it. The results indicate entrainment rates which are within the range previously measured but which are above those calculated from the existing correlations. A new correlation for prediction of gas entrainment in slug flow in horizontal pipes was developed which adequately predicts previous gas entrainment work (repeated here using LOTUS facility). In the bubble shrinkage method, the aim is to measure the shrinkage rate (and hence the rate of loss of gas by entrainment) of an elongated bubble passing along a pipe in a liquid flow. Development work on this method is described in Chapter 6 and (though the test section lengths were not sufficient to measure shrinkage accurately), it could be deduced (from measurements of the slug front (bubble tail) velocity) that the results were consistent with the three-way valve experiments. The actual phenomena accompanying gas entrainment at the slug front in slug flow are extremely complex and this was demonstrated with high speed video photography using an Olympus i-SPEED 3 system (see Chapter 7). Depending on the actual conditions, the advancing slug front could be attached to or detached from the preceding liquid layer. There were significant differences in the phenomena observed depending on the nature of the preceding liquid layer (stratified flow, descending liquid film, and stationary liquid film).
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Banal, Estañol Albert. "Horizontal Mergers: Uncertainty and Internal Organisation". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4037.
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Aquesta tesi amplia l'anàlisi teòric de les fusions entre empreses del mateix sector, les anomenades fusions horitzontals. El primer objectiu és d'identificar causes que porten a l'enorme tendència de les indústires a consolidar-se. El segon és estudiar l'impacte de les fusions tan en el nivell de preus com en el benestar de la societat. Més precisament, s'analitzen els guanys en eficiència i si aquests poden compensar els efectes anticompetitius. Així, l'anàlisi és rellevant per millorar el disseny dels sistemes de control de fusions dels serveis de defensa de la competència. El primer capítol considera un mercat molt concentrat i estudia els efectes de les decisions en inversió i l'organització interna de les empreses fusionades en l'eficiència i l'estabilitat de les fusions. No s'assumeix que les fusions generaran automàticament guanys en eficència: tot i que poden generar enconomies d'escala, i per tant costs més baixos, les empreses necessiten invertir per aconseguir-ho. A més, aquesta inversió pot ser frustrada pel conflicte que hi pot haver entre les empreses fusionades. Es mostra que, fins i tot quan no hi ha conflicte, les empreses no sempre inverteixen per aconseguir guanys en eficiència tot i que per elles es beneficiós fusionar-se. Quan hi ha conflicte fins i tot hi poden haver-hi pèrdues en eficiència i per tant hi ha moltes fusions que no són beneficioses. Com a conseqüència, si els directors de les empreses subestimen la possibilitat de conflicte, consideraran que és positiu fusionar-se tot i que després es trobaran amb una empresa menys eficient i amb beneficis inferiors als que tenien per separat.
La resta de la tesi analitza les fusions en mercats caracterizats per la presència d'incertesa. Aquesta pot provenir dels costos de producció dels béns produïts per les empreses o bé de la demanda d'aquests béns per part dels consumidors. El segon capítol analitza un mercat a on, a més de la incertesa, hi ha informació incompleta. Un cop la incertesa es resol, les empreses observen les demandes o els costos propis però no observen els dels competidors. Una de les avantatges de les fusions en aquests mercats és que, quan les empreses s'ajunten, comparteixen informació. El capítol prova que, quan l'informació incompleta és important, les empreses tenen molt més incentius a fusionar-se i que fins i tot en mercats molt poc concentrats, les fusions són beneficioses. És precisament en aquestes situacions a on l'informació és més dispersa i a on el reagrupament d'informació pot ser més positiu. Les fusions no només són més beneficioses per les empreses sinó que són més positives per la societat i en alguns casos poden ser fins i tot desitjables.
En el tercer capítol s'analitzen les fusions entre empreses que no són neutrals davant del risc, com assumeix tota la literatura, sinó que en són adverses. Aquest estudi ve motivat per l'enorme preocupació empresarial pel risc. L'estudi es pot aplicar al mercat de tour operadors i en particular al intent de fusió entre Airtours i First Choice (bloquejat per la Comissió Europea). El model permet a les empreses d'escollir com es reparteixen les accions de la nova companyia. Això té efectes pel nivell de risk sharing i pel comportament estratègic de l'empresa. Quan la competència és en quantitats, el risk sharing fa l'empresa fusionada més agressiva i per tant les fusions més beneficioses. Les fusions poden fer que els tour operadors ofereixin més capacitat a més destinacions. Quan la competència és en preus, per contra, les fusions porten a preus més alts quan l'incertesa és en el nivell de la demanda però a preus més baixos quan l'incertesa és en els costos.
This thesis broadens the theoretical analysis of the mergers between competing firms, the so-called horizontal mergers. The first objective is to analyse the causes driving industry consolidation. The second is to study the impact of mergers on prices and social welfare. More precisely, we analyse the efficiency gains of mergers and whether they may outweight the anticompetitive effects. The analysis is relevant in order to improve the design of merger control systems used by competition authorities.
The first chapter considers a concentrated market and studies the effects of investment decisions and internal organisation on the efficiency and stability of mergers. Efficiency gains are not taken for granted. Investment is required in order to achieve scale economies and therefore lower costs. Moreover, conflict within merged firms may make investement more difficult. We show that, even when there is no conflict, firms do not always invest to reap efficiency gains even if mergers are profitable. In the presence of conflict, mergers may lead to efficiency losses and therefore mergers are less profitable. Consequently, if managers understimate the possible conflict and merge, the new company could be a less efficient and less profitable firm than the forming firms separetely.
The rest of the thesis analyses mergers in markets characterised by the presence of uncertainty. This may come from production costs or consumer demand. The second chapter analyses a market where information is incomplete. Once the uncertainty is realised, firms observe their own demands and costs but not those of their competitors. One of the advantages of mergers in those markets is that, when firms joint together, they share information. This chapter shows that, when the private information is important, firms have much more incentives to merge and mergers are profitable when the market is very unconcentrated. Precisely in these situations, where the information is more disperse, is when the information sharing is more positive. Mergers are not only more profitable for firms but also more positive for the society.
The third chapter analyses mergers of firms which are not risk neutral, as it is assumed in the literature, but risk averse. This study is motivated by the enormous industrial concern about risk. The study can be applied to the tour operator market and in particular to the merger between Airtours and First Choice (blocked by the European Comission). The model allows firms to choose how to distribute the shares of the new company. This has an effect on the level of risk sharing and on the strategic behaviour of the firm. When firms compete in quantities, risk sharing turns the merged firm more aggressive and therefore mergers are more profitable. Mergers between tour operators can lead to more capacity in more destinations. When firms compete in prices, mergers result in higher prices when there is demand uncertainty but lower prices when there is cost uncertainty.
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Zutz, Aaron Charles. "Web-based collaboration in horizontal construction". [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2010. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1476361.
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Cortes, Blanca R. "Horizontal genetic transfer in asexual fungi". FIU Digital Commons, 2000. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2644.
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Four aspects of horizontal genetic transfer during heterokaryon formation were examined in the asexual pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foe): 1) variability based on method of heterokaryon formation 2) differences in nuclear and mitochondrial inheritance 3) the occurrence of recombination without nuclear fusion 4) the occurrence of horizontal genetic transfer between distantly related isolates. The use of non- pathogenic strains of Fusarium oxysporum as biocontrol agents warrants a closer examination at the reproductive life cycle of this fungus, particularly if drag resistance or pathogenicity genes can be transmitted horizontally. Experiments were divided into three phases. Phase I looked at heterokaryon formation by hyphal anastomosis and protoplast fusion. Phase II was a time course of heterokaryon formation to look at patterns of nuclear and mitochondrial inheritance. Phase III examined the genetic relatedness of the different vegetative compatibility groups using a multilocus analysis approach. Heterokaryon formation was evident within and between vegetative compatibility groups. Observation of non-parental genotypes after heterokaryon formation confirmed that, although a rare event, horizontal genetic transfer occurred during heterokaryon formation. Uniparental mitochondria inheritance was observed in heterokaryons formed either by hyphal anastomosis or protoplast fusion. Drag resistance was expressed during heterokaryon formation, even across greater genetic distances than those distances imposed by vegetative compatibility. Phytogenies inferred from different molecular markers were incongruent at a significant level, challenging the clonal origins of Foe. Mating type genes were identified in this asexual pathogen Polymorphisms were detected within a Vegetative Compatibility Group (VCG) suggesting non-clonal inheritance and/or sexual recombination in Foe. This research was funded in part by a NIH-NIGMS (National Institutes of Health-National Institute of General Medical Sciences) Grant through the MBRS (Minority Biomedical Research Support), the Department of Biological Sciences and the Tropical Biology Program at FIU.
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Mondal, Sukanto. "Horizontal alignment optimization in road design". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/47152.
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The horizontal alignment optimization problem in road design is a complex problem. Usually, classic optimization techniques cannot be used to address the problem. A few studies investigated the problem mainly using heuristics. Unfortunately, all of the previously studied heuristic based methods do not guarantee optimality. In this study, we develop a novel optimization model to solve the horizontal alignment optimization problem in a specified corridor. The cost of a horizontal alignment is significantly affected by the associated vertical alignment cost. So in order to formulate the cost function of the model, we consider both the vertical alignment and earthwork allocation associated with a horizontal alignment. The representation of a horizontal alignment in our model satisfies all of the geometrical specifications used by engineers. Our model is suitable for both backtracking and non-backtracking horizontal alignments. Derivative-free optimization algorithms are used to solve the problem and guarantee the local optimality of our solution. The numerical experiment results of a set of practical problems are reported.Graduate Studies, College of (Okanagan)
Graduate
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Shook, Andrew A. "Fluid flow in horizontal injection regimes". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26738.
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Physical and mathematical modelling studies have been performed to investigate liquid flow driven by a horizontally injected gas.
The experimental work consisted of water velocity measurements made at 100 locations within a plexiglass tank. Air was introduced into the tank through a series of side-mounted tuyeres, and the effect of air flowrate on water recirculation velocity was observed. The results of the experiments indicate that the maximum water velocity occurs at the water surface. The effect of bubbles coalescing from adjacent tuyeres was observed with increasing air flowrate, and was found to diminish the water recirculation rate.
The mathematical model employed a variant of the Marker and Cell (MAC) technique to compute fluid flow with a free surface. The model predictions indicate that the flow in the experimental tank is largely driven by water flowing across the free surface. Based on this knowledge, qualitative predictions of the flow regimes in a Peirce-Smith copper converter and a zinc slag fuming furnace were made.Applied Science, Faculty of
Mining Engineering, Keevil Institute of
Graduate
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Zheng, Jian. "Towards making object horizontal fragmentation dynamic". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0021/MQ52688.pdf.
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Allred, Kory J. "Horizontal alignment optimization using simulated annealing /". Available to subscribers only, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1240703751&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Kouba, Gene E. "Horizontal slug flow modeling and metering /". Access abstract and link to full text, 1986. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/8700712.
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Mahli, Jaswinder. "Horizontal violence in the nursing profession". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44323.
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Workplace violence, which exists in many professions, is not excluded from the nursing profession. The term horizontal violence is commonly used to define violence amongst colleagues in the work force. Despite an increase in the literature during the last three decades, horizontal violence continues to remain a serious issue for the nursing profession. This phenomenon must be taken seriously because studies indicate that nurses encountering co-worker violence often intent to leave the profession. Clearly, this will cause a greater strain on the current nursing shortage, which is currently projected to increase. The strain of nurses encountering incivility amongst one another, will not only impact the nursing profession but also health agencies/organizations. The ongoing recruitment and termination of nurses’ will adversely impact organizations. Finally, as health care is already associated with many stressors, the additional strain of horizontal violence will ultimately impact patient care.
The intent of this study was to explore nurses’ experience of horizontal violence; this to draw attention of the possible consequences and the seriousness of horizontal violence to the nursing profession and health care organizations. The intent was also to identify strategies to mitigate horizontal violence in the workplace. A qualitative approach was employed using phenomenology as the research methodology. Phenomenology is the study of the phenomena through the lived experience, which is exactly the essence that I intended to capture in the work place violence study. Data collection was completed via individual in-depth interviews. Themes and patterns were identified during the interview process. The results of this study revealed that nurses were enduring horizontal violence and the current methods of dealing with co-worker incivility were not effective. Although policies were in place to deter co-worker violence, these were not enforced, and the reporting methods were a deterrent to report horizontal violence.
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Badie, Shahrokh. "Horizontal stratifying annular gas liquid flow". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249385.
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Lee, Wing-yan, i 李永仁. "Mixing of horizontal sediment laden jets". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46078022.
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Ryan, Justin M. "Geometry of horizontal bundles and connections". Diss., Wichita State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/10941.
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An Ehresmann connection on a fiber bundle pi: E --> M is defined by prescribing a suitable horizontal subbundle H of the tangent bundle piT: TE --> E. For a horizontal bundle to be suitable, it must have a property called horizontal path lifting. This property ensures that the horizontal bundle determines a system of parallel transport between the fibers of E.
The main result of this dissertation is a geometric characterization of the horizontal bundles on E that have horizontal path lifting, and hence are connections. In particular, it is shown that a horizontal bundle has horizontal path lifting if and only if its horizontal spaces are bounded away from the vertical spaces, uniformly along fibers of E.
In order for a horizontal bundle to admit a system of parallel transport or have holonomy, it must be a connection. However, certain other geometric properties that are usually attributed to connections are actually properties of arbitrary horizontal bundles. These properties are studied in the case when E is either a vector bundle or tangent bundle, accordingly.Thesis (Ph.D.)-- Wichita State University, Fairmount College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics
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Kerr, O. S. "Horizontal effects in double-diffusive convection". Thesis, University of Bristol, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380229.
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Flores, Aaron G. (Aaron Guerrero). "Dryout limits in horizontal annular flow". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12872.
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Chen, Shusheng. "The horizontal pre-support in tunnels". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36992.
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Takaoka, Hiroaki. "Horizontal strategy in a diversified corporation". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65792.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 123-125).
Competition in the business world is becoming harsher as markets shrink due to the financial crisis of the late 2000s. Firms have to leverage their core competencies to survive by attracting more customers and attaining more efficient operations. In such circumstances, diversified corporations that run multiple businesses have opportunities to differentiate themselves by implementing horizontal strategies. Unfortunately, a horizontal strategy never happens spontaneously. There must be strong control and solid process to realize synergy. Furthermore, there are no generalized or standardized methods for developing and implementing a horizontal strategy. Executing this kind of corporate strategy is very difficult in the real world. However, if the firm could establish a solid infrastructure to implement a horizontal strategy, it would be a sustainable competitive advantage that could not be easily imitated. In fact, there are many firms that enjoy synergy by implementing a horizontal strategy using various approaches. They differentiate their products and services, reduce operating costs, attract and involve customers, and create high barriers to prevent invasion by rivals. A horizontal strategy is a powerful business tool that enhances a firm's capabilities and increases its corporate value. In this thesis, I will investigate several historical theories of horizontal strategy and attempt to integrate their core concepts. I will examine four actual diversified corporations to determine how they utilize their horizontal strategy, while also identifying their critical driving forces and challenges. Then I will propose a practical process for creating and implementing a horizontal strategy. In my proposal, I will also recommend appropriate evaluation system and strong leadership because the lack of them frequently results in failure.
by Hiroaki Takaoka.
M.B.A.
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Gomez-Iradi, Sugoi. "CFD for Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.511051.
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Jobling, Kelly Louise. "Horizontal gene transfer in Bacteroides fragilis". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9637.
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Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is one of the man driving forces of evolution in prokaryotes, and can also promote within-strain variation of bacterial species. The genomes of three previously sequenced Bacteroides fragilis strains, NCTC9343, 638R and YCH46 displayed evidence of extensive HGT, demonstrated by the presence of 28 divergent capsular polysaccharide-associated biosynthesis loci. The genomes of a further four B. fragilis strains, LS66, GNAB92, RD48 and BE1 were sequenced and analysed. Genomic comparisons of BE1 and GNAB92 with NCTC9343, 638R and YCH46 identified ten new divergent polysaccharide biosynthesis loci. There is consequently, the potential to express 38 different polysaccharides amongst these five strains. Such a high level of variation in capsular polysaccharides, in so few strains has not been previously observed. HGT has occurred in B. fragilis despite the presence of diverse Restriction-Modification systems. The genome sequences of NCTC9343 and 638R contained a gene, ubb, the product of which, BfUbb, has 63% identity to human ubiquitin. The closest DNA sequence homology is to a migratory grasshopper entomopox virus, suggesting acquisition of this gene was via inter-kingdom HGT. The ubb gene was also identified in the newly sequenced genomes of B. fragilis strains LS66 and RD48. BfUbb had a predicted signal sequence; both full-length and processed forms were detected in whole-cell extracts by Western blot analysis. The inability to detect BfUbb in periplasmic extracts isolated from a B. fragilis strain containing an ubb signal sequence deletion construct, supported the periplasmic location of the processed form of the protein and the requirement for the signal peptide for transport from the cytoplasm. BfUbb was also detected in concentrated supernatants containing outer membrane vesicles, suggesting a mechanism by which the protein may be delivered to the host. This is the first example of ubiquitin being produced by a prokaryote. Transduction by bacteriophages is one mechanism by which horizontal gene transfer can occur and can also be a useful tool for genetic manipulation. Fifteen potentially new B. fragilis-specific bacteriophages were isolated from filtered sewage and characterised by phage titres and restriction endonuclease cleavage profiles. Of the fifteen, seven phages appeared to be different to the previously identified phage ФED01. None of the bacteriophages were capable of transduction. B. fragilis is a predominant member of the gastrointestinal microbiota. To survive within this specific niche, bacteria must successfully compete with other organisms for nutrients and space, and withstand attacks from bacteriophages. HGT may aid in the survival of B. fragilis as a commensal.
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Ortiz, Garrido Elio, i Bustamante Alexis Sánchez. "Equidad horizontal e impuesto global complementario". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2016. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/144244.
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TESIS PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE MAGÍSTER EN TRIBUTACIÓNElio Ortiz Garrido [Parte I], Alexis Sánchez Bustamante [Parte II]
El presente trabajo de investigación tiene por finalidad proporcionar al lector una mirada objetiva y crítica de nuestro régimen tributario de la Ley sobre Impuesto a la Renta, en función del principio de equidad horizontal ante la tributación que deben enfrentar los contribuyentes afectos al Impuesto Global Complementario. Para entrar en materia se analizarán las normas tributarias que se desprenden de la citada Ley, alcances de las reformas tributarias introducidas por las Leyes Nº 20.630 y Nº 20.780, opiniones y comentarios de autores que han referido sus temas de investigación al concepto de equidad tributaria, todo esto motivado por la gran importancia que implica en un mundo moderno la regulación tributaria y su cumplimiento, la correcta aplicación de las normas y el justo pago de impuestos. El problema de esta investigación nace de la comparación de las opciones de tributación que frente a un mismo nivel de ingresos conlleva a la determinación de bases imponibles distintas afectas a la tributación final. Algunos elementos a considerar como expresiones claves incluidas en esta investigación son: El concepto de tributación final, carga tributaria total, tasa efectiva, equidad en la tributación, rentas que inciden en el cálculo de la tributación final, el impuesto de primera categoría como anticipo del impuesto final, impuesto a las personas naturales. La investigación se basa en un estudio exploratorio y descriptivo, para lo cual se analizan las normas que se desprenden de la Ley sobre Impuesto a la Renta relacionadas con la tributación final de los propietarios de empresas o bien personas naturales que realizan una actividad afecta a impuestos finales. Con ello, a través de una comparación cuantitativa se demuestra cómo a un mismo nivel de renta o ingresos, existen distorsiones en el pago de impuestos; lo que atenta contra el principio de equidad tributaria. La investigación nos permite obtener información sobre el impacto que genera la determinación de diferencias frente a la base imponible del impuesto global complementario, respecto de un mismo ingreso y confirmar la hipótesis planteada. Para ello, se simulan casos prácticos de acuerdo a las normas en análisis, los cuales permitirán al lector, captar las diferencias que se generan al hacer uso de las opciones que el propio legislador ha incorporado en nuestras leyes y marcos normativos tributarios.
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Baik, Kyung Hwan. "Capacity, entry deterrence, and horizontal merger". Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54483.
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This dissertation examines the free-rider problem of entry deterrence, the profitability of a horizontal merger, and the effects of a horizontal merger on the outsiders’ profits and industry prices, in the markets where firms' capacity costs are sunk.
We investigate the free-rider problem of entry deterrence in the subgame perfect Nash equilibria of a three-stage game in which in the first stage multiple incumbent firms choose their capacities simultaneously and independently, in the second stage a potential entrant, after observing the incumbent firms’ capacity vector, chooses its capacity, and in the third stage the firms engage in capacity-constrained Cournot competition. We show that the free-rider problem may occur: there are situations where both entry prevention and allowing entry are equilibria but entry prevention is Pareto superior for the incumbent firms. We also show that increasing the number of incumbent firms may cause the equilibrium price to increase and thus consumer welfare to decrease. The free-rider problem is still manifested in a modified model in which multiple potential entrants choose their capacities sequentially after the first stage incumbents’ capacity decisions.
Several recent papers which theoretically analyze the profitability of a horizontal merger and its effects on the outsiders’ profits and industry prices, all observe that a merger never decreases industry prices, a merger to a monopoly is always profitable, and a merger never hurts the outsiders.
However, we demonstrate, in a market for a homogeneous product where firms with sunk capacities compete in quantities and there are potential entrants, that a merger can decrease industry price and a merger of incumbent firms to a monopoly may not be profitable. We also show, in a market for a homogeneous product where firms with sunk capacities engage in capacity-constrained price competition, that a merger can hurt the outsiders.Ph. D.
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Herrmann, Kai, Hannes Voigt i Wolfgang Lehner. "Online horizontal partitioning of heterogeneous data". De Gruyter, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A72923.
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In an increasing number of use cases, databases face the challenge of managing heterogeneous data. Heterogeneous data is characterized by a quickly evolving variety of entities without a common set of attributes. These entities do not show enough regularity to be captured in a traditional database schema. A common solution is to centralize the diverse entities in a universal table. Usually, this leads to a very sparse table. Although today’s techniques allow efficient storage of sparse universal tables, query efficiency is still a problem. Queries that address only a subset of attributes have to read the whole universal table includingmany irrelevant entities. Asolution is to use a partitioning of the table, which allows pruning partitions of irrelevant entities before they are touched. Creating and maintaining such a partitioning manually is very laborious or even infeasible, due to the enormous complexity. Thus an autonomous solution is desirable. In this article, we define the Online Partitioning Problem for heterogeneous data. We sketch how an optimal solution for this problem can be determined based on hypergraph partitioning. Although it leads to the optimal partitioning, the hypergraph approach is inappropriate for an implementation in a database system. We present Cinderella, an autonomous online algorithm for horizontal partitioning of heterogeneous entities in universal tables. Cinderella is designed to keep its overhead low by operating online; it incrementally assigns entities to partition while they are touched anyway duringmodifications. This enables a reasonable physical database design at runtime instead of static modeling.
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Li, Dongxu. "Do Horizontal Mergers Affect Rivals’ Investments?" The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1594803937455669.
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Stadtmüller, Christoph Martin. "Horizontal Dirac Operators in CR Geometry". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/18130.
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In dieser Dissertation beschäftigen wir uns mit angepassten Zusammenhängen und ihren (horizontalen) Dirac-Operatoren auf strikt pseudokonvexen CR-Mannigfaltigkeiten. Einen Zusammenhang nennen wir dann angepasst, wenn er die relevanten Daten parallelisiert. Wir beschreiben den Raum der angepassten Zusammenhänge, indem wir ihre Torsionstensoren studieren, von denen gewisse Teile durch die Geometrie der Mannigfaltigkeit festgelegt sind, während andere frei wählbar sind. Als Anwendung betrachten wir die Eigenschaften der Dirac-Operatoren, die zu diesen Zusammenhängen gehören.
Weiter betrachten wir horizontale Dirac-Operatoren, die nur in Richtung des horizontalen Bündels H ableiten. Diese Operatoren sind besser an die Sub-Riemannsche Struktur einer CR-Mannigfaltigkeit angepasst als die vollen Dirac-Operatoren. Wir diskutieren, wann diese Operatoren formal selbstadjungiert sind und beweisen eine Weitzenböck-Typ-Formel. Wir konzentrieren uns dann auf den horizontalen Dirac-Operator zum Tanaka-Webster-Zusammenhang. Dieser ändert sich konform kovariant, wenn wir die Kontaktform konform ändern. Für diesen Operator betrachten wir weiterhin zwei Beispiele: Wir betrachten S^1-Bündel über Kähler-Mannigfaltigkeiten, insbesondere berechnen wir für Sphären einen Teil des Spektrums. Außerdem betrachten wir kompakte Quotienten der Heisenberggruppe und berechnen hier in den Dimensionen 3 und 5 das volle Spektrum.
Die horizontalen Dirac-Operatoren sind nicht mehr elliptisch, sondern „elliptisch in Richtung von H“. Mithilfe des Heisenbergkalküls stellen wir fest, dass die horizontalen Dirac-Operatoren nicht hypoelliptisch sind. Im Fall des Tanaka-Webster-Zusammenhangs lässt sich aber zeigen, dass der zugehörige Operator auf gewissen Teilen des Spinorbündels hypoelliptisch ist. Dies genügt, um zu beweisen, dass er (nun auf dem gesamten Spinorbündel) ein reines Punktspektrum hat und die Eigenräume, bis auf den Kern, endlich-dimensional sind und aus glatten Eigenspinoren bestehen.In the present thesis, we study adapted connections and their (horizontal) Dirac operators on strictly pseudoconvex CR manifolds. An adapted connection is one that parallelises the relevant data. We describe the space of adapted connections through their torsion tensors, certain parts of which are determined by the geometry of the manifold, while others may be freely chosen. As an application, we study the properties of the Dirac operators induced by these connections. We further consider horizontal Dirac operators, which only derive in the direction of the horizontal bundle H. These operators are more adapted to the essentially sub-Riemannian structure of a CR manifold than the full Dirac operators. We discuss the question of their self-adjointness and prove a Weitzenböck type formula for these operators. Focusing on the horizontal Dirac operator associated with the Tanaka-Webster connection, we show that this operator changes in a covariant way if we change the contact form conformally. Moreover, for this operator we discuss two examples: On S^1-bundles over Kähler manifolds, we can compute part of the spectrum and for compact quotients of the Heisenberg group, we determine the whole spectrum in dimensions three and five. The horizontal Dirac operators are not elliptic, but rather "elliptic in some directions". We review the Heisenberg Calculus for such operators and find that in general, the horizontal Dirac operators are not hypoelliptic. However, in the case of the Tanaka-Webster connection, the associated horizontal Dirac operator is hypoelliptic on certain parts of the spinor bundle and this is enough to prove that its spectrum consists only of eigenvalues and except for the kernel, the corresponding eigenspaces are finite-dimensional spaces of smooth sections.
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Cheung, Shuk-ha Ann. "The order of emergency of vertical, horizontal front-back and horizontal left-right locatives in Cantonese speaking children". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36209818.
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Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 1999."A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, May 14, 1999." Also available in print.
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Schäfer, Michael, Katharina Loewe, André Ehrlich, Corinna Hoose i Manfred Wendisch. "Comparison of simulated and observed horizontal inhomogeneities of optical thickness of Arctic stratus". Universität Leipzig, 2019. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A74176.
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Two-dimensional horizontal fields of cloud optical thickness derived from
airborne measurements of solar spectral, reflected radiance are compared with semiidealized large eddy simulations (LESs) of Arctic stratus performed with the Consortium for Small-scale Modeling (COSMO) atmospheric model. The measurements were collected during the Vertical Distribution of Ice in Arctic Clouds (VERDI) campaign carried out in Inuvik, Canada, in April/May 2012. The input for the LESs is obtained from collocated dropsonde observations of a persistent Arctic stratus above the sea-icefree Beaufort Sea. Simulations are performed for spatial resolutions of 50 m (1.6 km by 1.6 km domain) and 100 m (6.4 km by 6.4 kmdomain). Macrophysical cloud properties, such as cloud top altitude and vertical extent, are well captured by the COSMO simulations. However, COSMO produces rather homogeneous clouds compared to the measurements, in particular for the simulations with coarser spatial resolution. For both spatial resolutions, the directional structure of the cloud inhomogeneity is well represented by the model. This study was first published by Schäfer et al., 2018.Zweidimensionale horizontale Felder optischer Dicken abgeleitet aus flugzeuggetragenen Messungen der spektralen, solaren, reflektierten Strahldichte über Arktischem Stratus werden mit teilidealisierten Large Eddy Simulationen (LES) im Atmosphärenmodel des Consortium for Small-scale Modeling (COSMO) verglichen. Die Messungen stammen von der Vertical Distribution of Ice in Arctic Clouds (VERDI) Kampagne in Inuvik, Kanada, im April/Mai 2012. Fallsonden- Beobachtungen eines beständigen arktischen Stratus über dem eisfreien Beaufort Meer bilden die LES-Eingangsdaten. Die Simulationen wurden mit räumlichen Auflösungen von 50 m (1.6 km 1.6 km Gebiet) und 100 m (6.4 km 6.4 km Gebiet) durchgeführt. Makroskopische Wolkeneigenschaften (Wolkenhöhe, -ausdehnung) wurden von COSMO erfasst. Allerdings produziert COSMO verglichen zu den Beobachtungen (besonders bei grober räumlicher Auflösung) eher homogenere Wolken. Gerichtete Strukturen der Inhomogenitäten wurden mit beiden räumlichen Auflösungen gut erfasst. Diese Studie wurde als erstes von Schäfer et al., 2018 veröffentlicht.