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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Honeysett”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 29 lipca 2024

Data aktualizacji: 31 lipca 2024

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1

Kwok, Virginia. "Ethics and aesthetics are one". Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 65, nr 2 (23.04.2019): 249–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.00087.kwo.

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Abstract In the post-modern world where thinking of pluralism and relativism is prevalent (Honeysett 2002), fundamental values such as respect for life pertinent to the health and welfare of humanity should remain unchanged in order to preserve the culture from corrosion. In this paper, through examining creativity in translation and creative writing (Zawawy 2008; Perteghella and Loffredo 2006), macro- and micro- strategies of translating a Chinese prose into an English play will be discussed, with the aim to explore the notion, “creativity is culturally variable” (Carter 2016) in literary translation. I would concur with Ludwig Wittgenstein who stated, “ethics and aesthetics are one” (1961), and argue that genres and forms of expression might vary in cross-cultural translation, semantic content and message should still be unaltered. Literary translators can act as cultural mediators to advocate peace. So to “develop an understanding of translation strategies and of the vital role that creativity plays throughout the translation/interpreting process” (Levý in Beylard-Ozeroff, Králová and Moser-Mercer 1998) can help translators build bridges rather than promote violence, to foster diversity rather than divisiveness. As such, I would explore how a translator can translate cultures with respect, integrity and creativity in the midst of tensions, confrontations and conflicts due to misunderstandings linguistically and culturally. As Vezzaro (2010: 10) put it, “to come closer to feeling compassion, which is what writing and translating is ultimately all about.” This will call for efforts to translate texts with faithfulness and the right degree of creativity (Grassilli 2014), making good decisions at individual levels and beyond. This will also require cultural understanding and collaboration at national and even international levels.

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Kanatas, Anastasios, i Andrew Harris. "RE: Visavadia BG, Honeysett J, Danford MH. Manuka honey dressing: An effective treatment for chronic wound infections. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2006 Nov 17; [Epub ahead of print]". British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 46, nr 3 (kwiecień 2008): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjoms.2007.10.005.

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BOBIŞ, Otilia, Victoriţa BONTA, Liviu A. MĂRGHITAŞ, Daniel S. DEZMIREAN, Claudia PAŞCA, Adriana URCAN, Erzsebet Timea DOMOKOS i Adela Ramona MOISE. "Does Genetic Engineering Influence the Nutritional Value of Plums? Case Study on Two conventional and One Genetically Engineered Plum Fruits". Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Animal Science and Biotechnologies 76, nr 1 (12.06.2019): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-asb:2019.0003.

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Plums are low-calorie fruits with a low glycaemic index score. Prunus domestica L. is one of the tree fruits threatened by Plum pox potyvirus (PPV), a quarantine disease that causes fruit loss to plums and other stone fruits. HoneySweet is a plum tree created to be resistant to this virus. Beside genetical determinations, chemical composition and nutritional value are important for a future acceptance in the cultivation of this type of fruit trees. Two conventional (Renclod Althan and Stanley) and one genetically engineered (HoneySweet) plum fruits were evaluated for the nutritional value determination. The analyzed samples showed nutritionally valuable features. HoneySweet variety had a balanced content of individual carbohydrates. The total lipid content had values quite close to the HoneySweet and Stanley varieties, far superior to Renclod Althan variety. HoneySweet transgenic plum had the highest total protein content. Also, HoneySweet variety is distinguished by a balanced protein and lipid content. By comparing the three analyzed varieties from the perspective of the most important physic-chemical nutrients (carbohydrates, proteins and lipids), the highest nutritional value was registered in Stanley variety, closely followed by HoneySweet, and then by Reine Claude d’Althan.

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Polák, J., J. Kumar, B. Krška i M. Ravelonandro. "Biotech/GM crops in horticulture: plum cv. HoneySweet resistant to Plum pox virus". Plant Protection Science 48, Special Issue (12.12.2012): S43—S48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/37/2012-pps.

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Commercialisation of Biotech/GM (Biotech) crops started in 1995. Not only field crops, but also horticultural transgenic crops are under development and are beginning to be commercialised. Genetic engineering has the potential to revolutionise fruit tree breeding. The development of transgenic fruit cultivars is in progress. Over the past 20 years an international public sector research team has collaborated in the development of HoneySweet plum which is highly resistant to Plum pox virus (PPV) the most devastating disease of plums and other stone fruits. HoneySweet was deregulated in the USA in 2010. HoneySweet (aka C5) has been evaluated for eleven years (2002–2012) in a regulated field trial in the CzechRepublic for the resistance to PPV, Prune dwarf virus (PDV), and Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), all of them being serious diseases of plum. Even under the high and permanent infection pressure produced through grafting, PPV has only been detected in HoneySweet trees in several leaves and fruits situated close to the point of inoculum grafting. The lack of infection spread in HoneySweet demonstrates its high level of PPV resistance. Co-infections of PPV with PDV and/or ACLSV had practically no influence on the quantity and quality of HoneySweet fruit which are large, sweet, and of a high eating quality. In many respects, they are superior to the fruits of the well-known cultivar Stanley. Many fruit growers and fruit tree nurseries in the CzechRepublic are supportive of the deregulation of HoneySweet plum to help improve the plum production and control the spread of PPV.

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5

BOBIŞ, Otilia, Ioan ZAGRAI, Victoriţa BONTA, Luminiţa ZAGRAI, Liviu A. MĂRGHITAŞ, Daniel S. DEZMIREAN, Claudia PAŞCA i Adriana URCAN. "Comparative Studies on Chemical Composition of Two Conventional Bred and One Genetically Engineered Plum-Fruits". Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Animal Science and Biotechnologies 74, nr 2 (26.11.2017): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-asb:0020.

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The European plum (Prunus domestica L.) is one of the most important cultivated species among fruit trees in the world, and the dominant in Romania. Regarding the development of new plum cultivars derived from Prunus domestica, the following characteristics are taken into consideration most of the time: high yield performance, good quality fruits and last but not least, the resistance to PPV. “HoneySweet” is a transgenic clone of Prunus domestica transformed with Plum pox virus coat protein gene making it highly resistant to the virus. This study presents preliminary results on the chemical composition of HoneySweet transgenic plum and two conventional ones: Reine Claude d’Althan and Stanley. The most important nutritional factors were determined. HoneySweet had balanced individual carbohydrates content but lower soluble solids in comparison with the two conventional cultivars. Total lipids content in HoneySweet fruits was similar to Stanley, higher than in Reine Claude d’Althan. HoneySweet is distinguished by the highest total protein content. Similar amounts of magnesium and calcium were recorded in the three varieties. Overall, our preliminary results revealed that the quality and nutritional value of “Honey Sweet” genetic engineered plum is in the range of other valuable plum cultivars.

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6

Zagrai, Ioan, Luminita Zagrai i Angela Festila. "Preliminary Results on Behavior of Transgenic and Conventional Plum to Natural PPV Infection in a New Field Trial". Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Horticulture 73, nr 2 (30.11.2016): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-hort:12292.

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To assess the durability of resistance to PPV of HoneySweet transgenic plum harbouring plum pox virus (PPV) capsid gene, a new field trial was recently established in Romania at Fruit Research & Development Station Bistrita. Stanley and Reine Claude d’Althan cvs. are used as control. PPV inoculum source is secured within the experimental plot. PPV monitoring was made by visual observation of symptoms development on leaves and by serological (DAS-ELISA) and molecular (IC/-RT-PCR) testings. Three years after planting PPV was observed and detected only on Stanley. 'HoneySweet' and Reine Claude d’Althan cultivars remained PPV free.

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7

Komínek, Petr, Jaroslav Polák, Marcela Komínková i Ralph Scorza. "Gene flow was not detected from a field trial of transgenic plum cv. HoneySweet – Short Communication". Plant Protection Science 55, No. 2 (17.02.2019): 90–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/96/2018-pps.

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A field trial with plum cv. HoneySweet was established in 2003 in an experimental plot near Crop Research Institute in Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic, on the basis of a permission issued by the Ministry of the Environment of the Czech Republic. In addition to the evaluation of resistance of plum cv. HoneySweet to Plum pox virus, the field trial was used to evaluate gene flow of the inserted transgene. Sampling of blackthorn and myrobalan trees outside the field test site occurred at distances ranging from 544 m to 845 m from the test site and showed no gene flow, testing both plants and seeds collected from blackthorns and myrobalans. Similarly, seeds from plums cv. Jojo growing directly at the field test place did not show any presence of the transgene after seven years of evaluation.

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8

Zagrai, Ioan, Luminița Antonela Zagrai i Georgeta Maria Guzu. "HONEYSWEET TRANSGENIC PLUM HAS A NEUTRAL EFFECT ON DIVERSITY AND DYNAMICS APHID POPULATION UNDER TEMPERATE CONTINENTAL CLIMATE CONDITIONS". Fruit Growing Research 39 (12.12.2023): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v39.2023.15.

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‘HoneySweet’ is a genetically engineered plum resistant to Plum pox virus. Potential risks such as its impact on the diversity and dynamics of indigenous aphid populations was assessed. The study compared winged population of aphids visiting transgenic and conventional plums under continental temperate climatic conditions of Romania. The experimental analysis was conducted during three years (2016-2018) within an experimental plot containing transgenic (‘HoneySweet’) and conventional (‘Reine Claude d’Althan’ and ‘Stanley’) plums. This study revealed a similarity of both flight curves and the number and species of aphids landing on the two types of plum. Overall results showed no statistically differences between aphid species visiting the three cultivars, respectively the two types of plum. Consequently, our results support the hypothesis of the neutral effect of the transgenic plum on indigenous populations of aphids.

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9

Scorza, R., J. M. Hily, A. Callahan, T. Malinowski, M. Cambra, N. Capote, I. Zagrai, V. Damsteegt, P. Briard i M. Ravelonandro. "DEREGULATION OF PLUM POX RESISTANT TRANSGENIC PLUM 'HONEYSWEET'". Acta Horticulturae, nr 738 (marzec 2007): 669–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2007.738.88.

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10

Krška, Boris, Klára Gogolková, Jana Horsáková i Jaroslav Polák. "Effects of economically important virus diseases on the expression of some pomological traits and nutritional compounds in GM plum cultivar HoneySweet (Prunus domestica L.)". Horticultural Science 44, No. 1 (21.02.2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/30/2015-hortsci.

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Economically important viruses infect plums and other stone fruits cause lower yields, fruit size and quality and also affect its chemical composition. Fruits of the genetically modified (GM) plum ‘HoneySweet’ growing on trees deliberately infected with Plum pox virus (PPV), Prune dwarf virus (PDV) and Apple chlorotic leaf-spot virus (ACLSV) were analysed in detail to determine what effects these virus infections have on selected pomological traits, dissolved solids and titratable acids. Assessments of the fruits were made in the years from 2011 to 2014. The GM plum ‘HoneySweet’ was chosen for this experiment, and uninfected trees of the same variety in the same orchard were used as control. It was shown that there was no effect on dissolved solids resulting from PPV infections, either alone or in combination with the other viruses, but that there was a significant effect on levels of titratable acids where trees had been inoculated with all three viruses (treatment I). Regarding pomological traits, in most cases there were no significant effects seen to affect internal characteristics, only that in the assessments were lower although still of an acceptable quality for commercial fruit.

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ZAGRAI, Luminita Antonela, i Ioan ZAGRAI. "Comparative Evaluation of Eurytoma schreineri Schr. Attack Frequency on Transgenic and Two Conventional Plum Varieties". Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Horticulture 77, nr 1 (3.06.2020): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-hort:2019.0032.

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The plum seed wasp (Eurytoma schreineri Schr.) is a polyphagous pest that can cause significant damages to the plum crop. A transgenic plum variety, resistant to Plum pox virus, was evaluated to the attack frequency of E. schreineri in the context of reduced number of insecticide treatments against aphids, in comparison with two conventional plum varieties. The most affected variety by plum seed wasp, for two consecutive years, was ‘Stanley’, followed by ‘Reine Claude d’Althan’, and then ‘HoneySweet’ transgenic plum. The differences between variants were statistically assured.

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12

Ravelonandro, Michel, Ralph Scorza, Jaroslav Polak, Ann Callahan, Boris Krška, Jiban Kundu i Pascal Briard. ""HoneySweet" Plum—A Valuable Genetically Engineered Fruit-Tree Cultivar". Food and Nutrition Sciences 04, nr 06 (2013): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/fns.2013.46a005.

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Scorza, Ralph, Ann Callahan, Chris Dardick, Michel Ravelonandro, Jaroslav Polak, Tadeusz Malinowski, Ioan Zagrai, Mariano Cambra i Ivanka Kamenova. "Genetic engineering of Plum pox virus resistance: ‘HoneySweet’ plum—from concept to product". Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) 115, nr 1 (12.06.2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11240-013-0339-6.

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Polák, Jaroslav, Jiban K. Kundu, Boris Krška, Eva Beoni, Petr Komínek, Jitka Pívalova i Jana Jarošová. "Transgenic plum Prunus domestica L., clone C5 ( cv. HoneySweet) for protection against sharka disease". Journal of Integrative Agriculture 16, nr 3 (marzec 2017): 516–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2095-3119(16)61491-0.

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Scorza, Ralph, Michel Ravelonandro, Ann Callahan, Ioan Zagrai, Jaroslav Polak, Tadeuz Malinowski, Mariano Cambra i in. "‘HoneySweet’ (C5), the First Genetically Engineered Plum pox virus–resistant Plum (Prunus domestica L.) Cultivar". HortScience 51, nr 5 (maj 2016): 601–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.51.5.601.

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Callahan, Ann M., Chris D. Dardick i Ralph Scorza. "Multilocation comparison of fruit composition for ‘HoneySweet’, an RNAi based plum pox virus resistant plum". PLOS ONE 14, nr 3 (22.03.2019): e0213993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213993.

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Jaroslav, Polák, Neubauerová Tereza, Komínek Petr i Kundu Jiban Kumar. "Reaction of transgenic plum cv. HoneySweet to the Plum pox virus after a severe infection of Monilinia sp. – short communication". Plant Protection Science 55, No. 1 (20.11.2018): 8–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/152/2017-pps.

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Resistance to Plum pox virus (PPV) in transgenic Prunus domestica L., clone C5 (cv. HoneySweet) was evaluated in a regulated field in the Czech Republic for fifteen years (2002–2016). PPV mild symptoms appeared in C5 trees only in several leaves situated close to the point of inoculum grafting up to 2010. No symptoms of PPV were observed in the years 2011–2013 and results of ELISA and RT-PCR detection tests were negative. In the twelfth year (2013), there was a severe unusual natural attack of plum trees by Monilinia sp. This Monilinia sp. attack occurred only one time – in 2013. There was no Monilinia sp. infection in 2002–2012 and in 2014–2016. Mild PPV symptoms reappeared in several leaves of transgenic plum trees in the next two years (2014–2015) and the presence of PPV was proved by DAS-ELISA and confirmed by RT-PCR.

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Ravelonandro, Michel, Pascal Briard, Ralph Scorza, Ann Callahan, Ioan Zagrai, Jiban K. Kundu i Chris Dardick. "Robust Response to Plum pox virus Infection via Plant Biotechnology". Genes 12, nr 6 (27.05.2021): 816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12060816.

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Our goal was to target silencing of the Plum pox virus coat protein (PPV CP) gene independently expressed in plants. Clone C-2 is a transgenic plum expressing CP. We introduced and verified, in planta, the effects of the inverse repeat of CP sequence split by a hairpin (IRSH) that was characterized in the HoneySweet plum. The IRSH construct was driven by two CaMV35S promoter sequences flanking the CP sequence and had been introduced into C1738 plum. To determine if this structure was enough to induce silencing, cross-hybridization was made with the C1738 clone and the CP expressing but PPV-susceptible C2 clone. In total, 4 out of 63 clones were silenced. While introduction of the IRSH is reduced due to the heterozygous character in C1738 plum, the silencing induced by the IRSH PPV CP is robust. Extensive studies, in greenhouse containment, demonstrated that the genetic resource of C1738 clone can silence the CP production. In addition, these were verified through the virus transgene pyramiding in the BO70146 BlueByrd cv. plum that successfully produced resistant BlueByrd BO70146 × C1738 (HybC1738) hybrid plums.

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Zagrai, Ioan, Luminita Zagrai, Ralph Scorza, Michel Ravelonandro, Chris Dardick i Grigore Guzu. "Assessment of agronomic performance of PPV resistant ‘HoneySweet' transgenic plum in ecological conditions of the Northern Romania". Romanian journal of Horticulture 2, nr 2 (15.12.2021): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.51258/rjh.2021.06.

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Zagrai, I., L. A. Zagrai, M. Ravelonandro, R. Scorza, Z. Jakab i G. Guzu. "Assessment on the potential decrease of insecticide treatments against aphids in ‘HoneySweet’ plum (Prunus domestica (L.)) plantings". Acta Horticulturae, nr 1269 (styczeń 2020): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2020.1269.25.

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Singh, Khushwant, Tereza Neubauerová i Jiban Kumar Kundu. "Quantitative analysis of the interaction of heterologous viruses with Plum pox virus in C5 HoneySweet transgenic plums". Journal of Integrative Agriculture 18, nr 10 (październik 2019): 2302–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2095-3119(18)62136-7.

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Scorza, R., A. Callahan, C. Dardick, M. Ravelonandro, M. Cambra, I. Zagrai, J. Polak i T. Malinowski. "'HONEYSWEET' - A TRANSGENIC PLUM POX VIRUS RESISTANT PLUM - FROM LABORATORY AND EXPERIMENTAL FIELD PLOTS, TO REGULATORY APPROVAL". Acta Horticulturae, nr 974 (luty 2013): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2013.974.6.

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Mueller, Daren S., Mark L. Gleason, Nicholas P. Howell i Edward M. Moran. "Evaluation of Griffith Buck Roses for Resistance to Black Spot". HortTechnology 18, nr 4 (styczeń 2008): 588–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.18.4.588.

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Recently, roses (Rosa spp.) that require relatively little maintenance have gained in popularity in the United States. One group of these roses is the Griffith Buck roses, which were selected to survive the extremely cold winters of the north-central United States. Many of these roses were rated qualitatively as having disease resistance when they were released, but their resistance levels to black spot (Marssonina rosae) have not been quantified, compared with each other, or rated against other resistant or susceptible roses. In a field trial in Iowa in 2005 and 2006, 24 Griffith Buck roses that were originally described as disease resistant were compared with susceptible and resistant control cultivars for susceptibility to black spot. No fungicides were applied in either year. Plants were rated five times each year for black spot incidence, and also to assess overall plant appearance. Griffith Buck roses ‘Carefree Beauty’, ‘Aunt Honey’, ‘Honeysweet’, ‘Earthsong’, and ‘Pearlie Mae’ had significantly less black spot than many of the other cultivars. In addition, these cultivars also remained attractive and could be used in low-maintenance landscapes in the north-central United States, even under moderate black spot pressure.

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Ravelonandro, Michel, Ralph Scorza i Pascal Briard. "Innovative RNAi Strategies and Tactics to Tackle Plum Pox Virus (PPV) Genome in Prunus domestica-Plum". Plants 8, nr 12 (2.12.2019): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8120565.

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We developed an innovative RNAi concept based on two gene constructs built from the capsid gene (CP) cistron of the Plum pox virus (PPV) genome. First, designated as amiCPRNA, a potential molecule interfering with PPV genome translation and the second one is the ami-siCPRNA to target viral genome translation and PPV RNA replication. Following the previous engineering of these constructs in an experimental herbaceous host, they were introduced into Prunus domestica (plum tree) genome. Previously propagated onto a susceptible rootstock, these clones were graft-inoculated with PPV. After four dormancy cycles, and consistent with our experience of PPV infection, some clones showed a common phenomenon of silencing that can differ between the detailed plant phenotypes. Three different phenotypes were developed by the amisiCPRNA clones. First, the high resistance character shown by the amisiCPRNA plum-7 that was similar to the resistance expressed by HoneySweet plum. Secondly, a recovery reaction was developed by the two other amisiCPRNA plum-3 and plum-4 that differed from the rest, characterized as susceptible clones, among these were the amiCPRNA plums. Having assessed the behavior of these plums versus the herbaceous host accumulating the similar form of RNAi: ami-, si-, and ami-siRNA, challenging assays in perennials consistently reflect the natural context of viral genome targeting.

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Wu, Yutong. "Comparative Study on Early-Maturing High-Quality Sweet Corn Varieties Introduced from Abroad for Autumn Cultivation in the Pearl River Delta Region". Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 109 (24.07.2024): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/azqg5e56.

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This study conducts a comparative analysis of six high-quality, early-maturing sweet corn varieties introduced from international sources, with a focus on their suitability for autumn cultivation in the Pearl River Delta region. The research evaluates these varieties against a range of agronomic traits, including growth period, plant height, ear height, yield, quality characteristics, and disease resistance, using the local variety 'Zhu Yu 2' as a control. The results indicate that the introduced varieties generally exhibit earlier maturation and shorter plant heights, with 'Golden 15' and 'Early Honeysweet' standing out as the most promising candidates for local cultivation due to their superior quality attributes. Despite producing lower yields compared to 'Zhu Yu 2', these varieties demonstrate enhanced sweetness, thinner pericarps, and improved taste, which are highly valued in the sweet corn market. Additionally, they show robust disease resistance, particularly against leaf blight and northern corn leaf spot, which is beneficial for sustainable farming practices. This paper provides valuable insights into the adaptability of internationally bred sweet corn varieties to the subtropical climate of the Pearl River Delta and discusses the implications for local agricultural practices. The findings highlight the potential for these varieties to extend the growing season and improve profitability for farmers, while also emphasizing the need for ongoing breeding programs to optimize yield without compromising quality. The study offers a foundation for future research aimed at developing hybrid varieties that combine the best traits of international and local cultivars, tailored to the unique conditions of the region.

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Polak, J., J. Jarošova, J. Kumar, B. Krška, K. Gogolková, J. Sochor, R. Kizek, R. Scorza i M. Ravelonandro. "THE EVALUATION OF VIRUS SYMPTOMS AND FRUIT QUALITY OF GMO, PPV-RESISTANT P. DOMESTICA 'HONEYSWEET' GROWN IN THE OPEN FIELD UNDER A HIGH AND PERMANENT INFECTION PRESSURE OF PPV, ACLSV, AND PDV". Acta Horticulturae, nr 974 (luty 2013): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2013.974.7.

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"Honeysett v The Queen". Victorian Reports 56 VR (2018): 375–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.25291/vr/56-vr-375.

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Singh, Khushwant, Ann M. Callahan, Brenda J. Smith, Tadeusz Malinowski, Ralph Scorza, Jana Jarošová, Eva Beoni, Jaroslav Polák, Jiban Kumar Kundu i Chris Dardick. "Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of RNAi-Mediated Virus Resistance in ‘HoneySweet’ Plum". Frontiers in Plant Science 12 (12.10.2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.726881.

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Interfering RNA technology has been established as an effective strategy to protect plants against viral infection. Despite this success, interfering RNA (RNAi) has rarely been applied due to the regulatory barriers that confront genetically engineered plants and concerns over possible environmental and health risks posed by non-endogenous small RNAs. ‘HoneySweet’ was developed as a virus-resistant plum variety that is protected by an RNAi-mediated process against Sharka disease caused by the plum pox virus. ‘HoneySweet’ has been approved for cultivation in the United States but not in countries where the plum pox virus is endemic. In this study, we evaluated the long-term efficacy of virus resistance in ‘HoneySweet,’ the nature and stability of its sRNA profile, and the potential health risks of consuming ‘HoneySweet’ plums. Graft-challenged ‘HoneySweet’ trees carrying large non-transgenic infected limbs remained virus-free after more than 10 years in the field, and the viral sequences from the non-transgenic infected limbs showed no evidence of adaptation to the RNAi-based resistance. Small RNA profiling revealed that transgene-derived sRNA levels were stable across different environments and, on average, were more than 10 times lower than those present in symptom-less fruits from virus-infected trees. Comprehensive 90-day mouse feeding studies showed no adverse health impacts in mice, and there was no evidence for potential siRNA off-target pathologies predicted by comparisons of the most abundant transgene-derived sRNAs to the mouse genome. Collectively, the data confirmed that RNAi provides a highly effective, stable, and safe strategy to combat virus diseases in crop plants.

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Callahan, Ann M., Tetyana N. Zhebentyayeva, Jodi L. Humann, Christopher A. Saski, Kelsey D. Galimba, Laura L. Georgi, Ralph Scorza, Dorrie Main i Christopher D. Dardick. "Defining the ‘HoneySweet’ insertion event utilizing NextGen sequencing and a de novo genome assembly of plum (Prunus domestica)". Horticulture Research 8, nr 1 (1.01.2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41438-020-00438-2.

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Abstract‘HoneySweet’ plum (Prunus domestica) is resistant to Plum pox potyvirus, through an RNAi-triggered mechanism. Determining the precise nature of the transgene insertion event has been complicated due to the hexaploid genome of plum. DNA blots previously indicated an unintended hairpin arrangement of the Plum pox potyvirus coat protein gene as well as a multicopy insertion event. To confirm the transgene arrangement of the insertion event, ‘HoneySweet’ DNA was subjected to whole genome sequencing using Illumina short-read technology. Results indicated two different insertion events, one containing seven partial copies flanked by putative plum DNA sequence and a second with the predicted inverted repeat of the coat protein gene driven by a double 35S promoter on each side, flanked by plum DNA. To determine the locations of the two transgene insertions, a phased plum genome assembly was developed from the commercial plum ‘Improved French’. A subset of the scaffolds (2447) that were >10 kb in length and representing, >95% of the genome were annotated and used for alignment against the ‘HoneySweet’ transgene reads. Four of eight matching scaffolds spanned both insertion sites ranging from 157,704 to 654,883 bp apart, however we were unable to identify which scaffold(s) represented the actual location of the insertion sites due to potential sequence differences between the two plum cultivars. Regardless, there was no evidence of any gene(s) being interrupted as a result of the insertions. Furthermore, RNA-seq data verified that the insertions created no new transcriptional units and no dramatic expression changes of neighboring genes.

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Sochor, Jiri, Boris Krska, Jaroslav Polak i Tunde Jurikova. "The influence of virus infections on antioxidant levels in the genetically modified plum variety "Honeysweet" (Prunus domestica L.)". Potravinarstvo 9, nr 1 (1.08.2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.5219/420.

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