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1

Чемич, Оксана Миколаївна, Оксана Николаевна Чемич, Oksana Mykolaivna Chemych, Я. Л. Кравцова i А. А. Олефір. "Structure of opportunistic infections in patients with HIV- infection". Thesis, Sumy State University, 2018. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/74893.

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Діагностика першої та другої стадій ВІЛ-інфекції низька. Опортуністичні інфекції та супутні захворювання посилюють перебіг ВІЛ-інфекції. Найбільш поширеною опортуністичною інфекцією є кандидоз ротоглотки. У структурі супутньої патології переважають хронічні вірусні гепатити С і метаболічна кардіоміопатія.
Диагностика первой и второй стадии ВИЧ-инфекции невысока. Оппортунистические инфекции и сопутствующие заболевания обостряют течение ВИЧ-инфекции. Наиболее распространенной оппортунистической инфекцией является кандидоз ротоглотки. Хронический вирусный гепатит С и метаболическая кардиомиопатия преобладают в структуре сопутствующей патологии.
Diagnosis of the first and second stages of HIV-infection is low. Opportunistic infections and concomitant illnesses aggravate the course of HIV-infection. The most common opportunistic infection is oropharyngeal candidiasis. Chronic viral hepatitis C and metabolic cardiomyopathy are predominate in the structure of concomitant pathology.
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2

Uccellini, L. "HOST GENETIC INFLUENCE ON HIV AND HCV INFECTIONS". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/215587.

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In patients with chronic hepatitis C, the hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA level is an important predictor of treatment response. To explore the relationship of HCV RNA with viral and demographic factors, as well as IL28B genotype, we examined viral levels in an ethnically diverse group of injection drug users (IDUs). Between 1998 and 2000, the Urban Health Study (UHS) recruited IDUs from street settings in San Francisco Bay area neighborhoods. Participants who were positive by HCV EIA were tested for HCV viremia by a bDNA assay. HCV genotype was determined by sequencing the HCV NS5B region. For a subset of participants, IL28B rs12979860 genotype was determined by Taqman. Among 1701 participants with HCV viremia, median age was 46 years and median duration of injection drug use was 26 years; 56.0% were African American and 34.0% were of European ancestry (non-Hispanic). HIV-1 prevalence was 13.9%. The overall median HCV RNA level was 6.45 log10 copies/ml. In unadjusted analyses, higher levels were found with older age, male gender, African American ancestry, HBV infection, HIV-1 infection and IL28B rs12979860-CC genotype; compared to participants infected with HCV genotype 1, HCV RNA was lower in participants with genotype 3 or genotype 4. In an adjusted analysis, age, gender, racial ancestry, HIV-1 infection, HCV genotype and IL28B rs12979860 genotype were all independently associated with HCV RNA. The level of HCV viremia is influenced by a large number of demographic, viral and human genetic factors. HIV The clinical course of HIV-1 infection is highly variable among individuals, at least in part as a result of genetic polymorphisms in the host. Toll-like receptors (TLR) play a crucial role in the host’s innate immunity and may influence HIV-1 disease progression. The transcription factor IRF-5 is an important player in the TLR-MyD88 signaling cascade. We investigated the impact of two SNPs in TLR9 gene, rs352139 and rs352140, and two SNPs in IRF5 gene, rs10954213 and rs11770589, on CD4 count, HIV viral load, and clinical progression in a cohort of HIV-infected patients. Two SNPs in TLR9 and IRF5 are in linkage disequilibrium and rs352140GA TLR9 was associated with the rapid progressors phenotype: for rs352140 GG+GA versus AA, P = 0.025, OR= 0.5479, confidence interval (CI) 0.31-0.97. No other association was found between TLR9 and IRF5 SNPs and viral load, CD4 count or other clinical data. Rapid progression of HIV-1 infection was associated with TLR9 polymorphisms. Because of its potential implications for intervention strategies and vaccine developments, additional epidemiological and experimental studies are needed to confirm this association.
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3

Nelson, Patrick William. "Mathematical models of HIV pathogenesis and immunology /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6783.

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4

Takehisa, Jun. "HIV Mixed Infections and Recombination". Kyoto University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/181727.

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5

Lau, Katherine Aik Hee. "Biology and molecular biology of new HIV-1 recombinant forms from Malaysia". Connect to full text, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4129.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2009.
Title from title screen (viewed 31 March 2009). Submitted in fulfilment of the of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Discipline of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine. Degree awarded 2009; thesis submitted 2008. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.
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6

Falconer, Karolin. "HIV-1/HCV co-infection immunity and viral dynamics /". Stockholm, 2010. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2010/978-91-7409-762-7/.

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7

Cherner, Mariana. "Ethnicity and the experience of stress, coping, social support, and depressive symptoms in persons infected with HIV /". Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9804025.

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8

Vödrös, Dalma. "Receptor use of primate lentiviruses /". Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-497-6/.

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9

Schmidt, Fabian. "On the evolution of HIV-1 virulence". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708265.

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10

Long, Elizabeth Michelle. "Genetic and co-receptor characterization of viral diversity early in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/4997.

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11

Dasgupta, Abhijit. "Parametric identifiability and related problems /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9602.

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12

Weinberger, Beverley Slome Kloss Jacqueline D. "Posttraumatic stress in adolescents with HIV and its relationship with treatment adherence : the role of health beliefs /". Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/3221.

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13

John, Grace Chiramukuthu. "Genital shedding and intrapartum transmission of HIV-1 /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10956.

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14

Bakari, Muhammad. "The natural history of HIV-1 infection and preparations for HIV vaccine trials in Tanzania /". Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-908-4/.

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15

Kolotylo, T. R. "Peculiarities of HIV infection with active tuberculosis in association with other opportunistic infections". Thesis, БДМУ, 2020. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/18222.

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16

Kalonji, Kabasele Muboyayi Hubert. "Demographic profile of pregnant HIV-positive women in Postmasburg, South Africa". Thesis, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/449.

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Thesis (MPH)--University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2011.
Background: South Africa hosts the largest number of pregnant HIV-positive women, accounting for almost 15% of the global total. Many amongst these HIV-positive pregnancies are unplanned and may be related to reproductive unmet needs, sexual risky behaviours, and/or community, contextual and individual factors that may determine and/or make these HIV-infected women to fall pregnant. The occurrence of an HIV-positive pregnancy in our region implies however the practice of unprotected sex, and is associated with the risk of reinfection with a different strain of HIV as well as with the risk of HIV transmission to an uninfected male partner and to the offspring. Knowing the demographic profile of HIV-infected women who become pregnant and experience parenthood as well as the circumstances of occurrence of their pregnancies is necessary for developing policies and interventions aimed at addressing the reproductive needs of this subpopulation, thus preventing HIV-positive unintended pregnancies as well as the horizontal and vertical transmission of HIV. Objectives: This study had three objectives. The first objective was to describe the demographic profile of pregnant HIV-positive women attending antenatal care (ANC) in public sector clinics in Postmasburg, South Africa. The second study objective was to determine the proportion of these pregnant HIV-infected women who were aware of their HIV-positive status prior to the occurrence of their current pregnancy. Lastly, the third objective sought to describe the circumstances of occurrence of their current pregnancy. Methodology: We used a quantitative descriptive design to collect data on 41 consecutive pregnant HIV-positive women who attended ANC at three public sector clinics in Postmasburg, from September to December 2010. Participants were administered a structured pre-tested questionnaire in their home language by trained interviewers. The study instrument was designed to collect data related to participants‘ socio-demographic characteristics, the time-period of HIV- v positive diagnosis relative to their current pregnancy, and the circumstances of occurrence of their current pregnancy. Results: The analyses of the study results showed that pregnant HIV-positive women attending ANC in Postmasburg were likely to be young (mean age, 27.71 ± 5.72 years), never married (56.10%), Afrikans (65.9%) and Setswana speakers (58.52%) of low socioeconomic status, with no or one child (65.85%). The majority of participants (63.4%) were from a predominantly informal settlement; 78% were unemployed while 61% were either devoid of any income or were living with Rands 500 or less. Sex mixing was common in the 15-19 years-old, involving 80% of respondents of this age category. Most of respondents (78.05%) became aware of their HIV-positive diagnosis during their current pregnancy that was unplanned in 73.17%. The study findings also revealed low levels of pregnancy intendedness (31.71%), hormonal contraceptives use (24.9%) and condoms uptake (34.15%), with high rates of condoms failure among users (87.12%). Respondents also reported other circumstances of occurrence of their current pregnancy, including, irregular condoms use (14.29% of condom users), partner refusal to use condom (10%), stopping contraceptives use because of side effects (50% of users), partner‘s pressure (12% of participants), coerced sex (2.4%) and having had sex under the influence of alcohol (2.4%). Conclusion: These results highlight the need for improving the reproductive health services that are offered to HIV-positive individuals. Integrating PMTCT and Family planning services, training health workers in issues related to the reproductive rights and reproductive health of HIV-infected individuals, systematically offering HIV counseling and testing to women of childbearing age who come into contact with health facilities for any reason and adequately informing HIV-positive women of childbearing age about available reproductive options, planned conception and safer motherhood, are necessary for preventing unintended HIV-positive pregnancies as well as the horizontal and vertical transmission of HIV.
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17

Nkambule, Jeaniffer Dekeledi. "The Emotional experiences of HIV-positive married women wanting to bear children: An exploratory study". Thesis, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1083.

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Thesis (MSc (Clinical Psychology)) -- University of Limpopo, 2012.
Recent literature on childbearing and HIV has indicated a plethora of evidence suggesting that many women living with HIV continue to desire children, become pregnant and give birth after knowing their HIV status. This desire to have children has been associated with the availability of HAART and PMTC interventions and its improvement in the quality of life for HIV-positive women. This study aimed at exploring the emotional experiences of HIV-positive married women wanting to bear children. A qualitative research design was used to explore the above mentioned aim. Through the use of semi-structured interviews a sample of 12 HIV-positive married women were purposefully selected. The participants were chosen from Tshepang clinic at Dr. George Mukhari Hospital situated in the township of Ga-Rankuwa using a purposive sampling design. Semi-structured interviews using interview guide were conducted to explore their unique and subjective emotional experiences of being HIV, married and in need of a child. The process of data analysis in the current study was guided by phenomenological approach in order to allow the inherent meaning of the data to emerge without being distorted. The findings of these study revealed that the experiences surrounding HIV positive diagnosis, marriage and childbearing proves to be associated with overwhelming emotional experiences for women in the current study. Most of the participants in this study viewed motherhood as a unique, subjective and a personal fulfilment for all women irrespective of their HIV status. Participants felt that children stabilise a marriage by giving it meaning. A decision to conceive for some participants is influenced by pressure as a result of their marital, social and situational context
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18

Lizeng, Qin. "Dynamics of the HIV-2-specific immunoglobulin A(IgA) response /". Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-259-4/.

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19

Hawes, Stephen Edward. "HIV-1, HIV-2, and dual infection with HIV-1 and HIV-2 are associated with increased risk for human papillomavirus (HPV) and high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) in Senegal, West Africa /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10881.

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20

Nolte, Jeanine Lucasta. "The formulation and refinement of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for early diagnosis of paediatric HIV infection and genetic analysis of variants involved in vertical transmission of HIV-1". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26361.

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Paediatric human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has become a major socio-economic health problem in recent years as the number of HIV-1 infected children steadily increases. The majority of these infants are infected through mother-to-child transmission, with the frequency of vertical transmission varying between 12,9% and 65%. In order to implement appropriate management and possible treatment of these infected neonates, it is essential to have reliable laboratory tests for the early diagnosis of an HIV infection. At the time that this study was initiated, the diagnosis of HIV-1 infection in the Groote Schuur Hospital Virology Laboratory depended almost exclusively on serological assays. Such assays are of limited value for infants under 18 months of age, as maternal lgG antibody to HIV-1 is transferred via the placenta and may persist in the baby for up to 18 months. Available lgG antibody tests do not distinguish reliably between passively acquired maternal antibody and that produced by the infant itself. A valuable method of establishing the presence of true infection is provided by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique which allows the identification, and subsequent exponential amplification of low levels of specific viral nucleic acid using specific oligonucleotide primers. A major aim of this study was to develop and instigate a (PCR) assay for the early diagnosis of HIV infection in infected infants. This was successfully achieved by the adaptation and optimization of an existing standard PCR protocol to suit the specific needs of a routine diagnostic service. Preliminary requirements involved the selection of primers and probes and establishing optimal parameters for: ionic strength, Taq DNA polymerase concentration, primer concentration, deoxynucleotide triphosphate concentration, and hybridization conditions for most efficient functioning of the test. The devised method entailed the extraction of proviral DNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, amplification of HIV-1 specific sequences by PCR, and identification by Southern blot hybridization with digoxigenin (DIG)-labelled probes. Thereafter the efficacy of the assay was tested on 45 infants (under 15 months of age) all born to seropositive mothers and therefore at risk for HIV infection. Forty-two of these infants had antibodies to HIV-1 and the remaining 3 were seronegative. The latter 3 also tested negative for HIV proviral DNA when PCR was performed, using at least 2 different HIV-1 primer pairs and their respective DIG-labelled probes. However, 27 (64%) of the 42 seropositive infants were also HIV-PCR positive and the remaining 15 (36%) seropositive infants were negative for HIV proviral DNA. Positive PCR tests correlated well with clinical data indicative of active HIV-1 infection for the majority of infants in the neonatal period, although it could not provide proof of infection in newborn babies (less than 1 week of age). The development of an in-house PCR protocol specific for HIV-1 has not only provided a valuable diagnostic assay for neonatal infection, but has also given insight into the parameters required for high sensitivity and the stringent precautionary measures that need to be applied to avoid contamination problems. The second part of this study was devoted to DNA sequence analysis of cloned HIV isolates from an infected mother and her 3-month-old infant. Nucleotide sequence variation between isolates of HIV-1 has been well documented. Examination of the third variable region (particularly the V3- loop) in the env gene of HIV-1 of our mother-infant pair confirmed this variation and provided the first genetic epidemiological data of this nature in the local community. Proviral DNA from both mother and baby was amplified using V3-specific degenerate primers and cloned. Clones containing the insert DNA were 2 identified by colony-blot hybridization. Their nucleotide and amino acid sequences were analyzed by using various computer programs. The degree of similarity between variants from the mother and infant in this study differed to a large extent from previous studies. The virus population harboured by the mother displayed highly homogeneous V3 sequences (1,04% variation) compared to the isolates from her 3-month-old infant, which showed a higher degree (1,8%) of heterogeneity. Phylogenetic analysis of the different isolates from mother and infant demonstrated that an HIV-1 subtype C virus was the infectious agent. This classification was confirmed by the characteristic amino-acid sequence of the tetrapeptide motif of the V3 loop present in the isolates from both mother and infant as well as the absence of a potential N-linked glycosylation site proximal to the first cysteine of the V3 loop, which is characteristic of subtype C viruses. Based on the amino acids present at positions 306 and 320 of the V3 loop, it could also be concluded that isolates from both the mother and her baby were consistent with the non-syncytium inducing (NSI) phenotype of HIV-1, thus indicating that, contrary to popular belief, NSI variants can be responsible for initiating infection. Data obtained from these genetic investigations of variants involved in vertical transmission of HIV-1 can form a useful basis for future comparative studies.
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Urassa, Willy Shileanga Kikoka. "HIV-1 infection in Tanzania : HIV antibody testing strategies and lymphocyte subset determinations /". Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-530-1.

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22

Hutchinson, Angela Blair. "A health technology assessment of HIV counseling and testing technologies evidence of effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and the consumer perspective /". Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2003. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-06072004-131203/unrestricted/hutchinson%5Fangela%5Fb%5F200405%5Fphd.pdf.

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Barnes, Nielan. "Transnational networks and community-based organizations: the dynamics of AIDS activism in Tijuana and Mexico City /". Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3167838.

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24

Åsander, Ann-Sofie. "HIV-infected African parents living in Stockholm social networks, disclosure, parenthood, and knowledge about HIV-transmission /". Stockholm : Infectious diseases unit, Karolinska Institutet, 2010. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2010/978-91-7409-774-0/.

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De, la Harpe Alana. "A comparative analysis of mathematical models for HIV epidemiology". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96983.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: HIV infection is one of the world’s biggest health problems, with millions of people infected worldwide. HIV infects cells in the immune system, where it primarily targets CD4+ T helper cells and without treatment, the disease leads to the collapse of the host immune system and ultimately death. Mathematical models have been used extensively to study the epidemiology of HIV/AIDS. They have proven to be effective tools in studying the transmission dynamics of HIV. These models provide predictions that can help better our understanding of the epidemiological patterns of HIV, especially the mechanism associated with the spread of the disease. In this thesis we made a functional comparison between existing epidemiological models for HIV, with the focus of the comparison on the force of infection (FOI). The spread of infection is a crucial part of any infectious disease, as the dynamics of the disease depends greatly on the rate of transmission from an infectious individual to a susceptible individual. First, a review was done to see what deterministic epidemiological models exist. We found that many manuscripts do not provide the necessary information to recreate the authors’ results and only a small amount of the models could be simulated. The reason for this is mainly due to a lack of information or due to mistakes in the article. The models were divided into four categories for the analysis. On the basis of the FOI, we distinguished between frequency- or density-dependent transmission, and as a second criterion we distinguished models on the sexual activity of the AIDS group. Subsequently, the models were compared in terms of their FOI, within and between these classes. We showed that for larger populations, frequency-dependent transmission should be used. This is the case for HIV, where the disease is mainly spread through sexual contact. Inclusion of AIDS patients in the group of infectious individuals is important for the accuracy of transmission dynamics. More than half of the studies that were selected in the review assumed that AIDS patients are too sick to engage in risky sexual behaviour. We see that including AIDS patients in the infectious individuals class has a significant effect on the FOI when the value for the probability of transmission for an individual with AIDS is bigger than that of the other classes. The analysis shows that the FOI can vary depending on the parameter values and the assumptions made. Many models compress various parameter values into one, most often the transmission probability. Not showing the parameter values separately makes it difficult to understand how the FOI works, since there are unknown factors that have an influence. Improving the accuracy of the FOI can help us to better understand what factors influence it, and also produce more realistic results. Writing the probability of transmission as a function of the viral load can help to make the FOI more accurate and also help in the understanding of the effects that viral dynamics have on the population transmission dynamics.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: MIV-infeksie is een van die wêreld se grootste gesondheidsprobleme, met miljoene mense wat wêreldwyd geïnfekteer is. MIV infekteer selle in die immuunstelsel, waar dit hoofsaaklik CD4+ T-helperselle teiken. Sonder behandeling lei die siekte tot die ineenstorting van die gasheer se immuunstelsel en uiteindelik sy dood. Wiskundige modelle word breedvoerig gebruik om die epidemiologie van MIV/vigs te bestudeer. Die modelle is doeltreffende instrumente in die studie van die oordrag-dinamika van MIV. Hulle lewer voorspellings wat kan help om ons begrip van epidemiologiese patrone van MIV, veral die meganisme wat verband hou met die verspreiding van die siekte, te verbeter. In hierdie tesis het ons ‘n funksionele vergelyking tussen bestaande epidemiologiese modelle vir MIV gedoen, met die fokus van die vergelyking op die tempo van infeksie (TVI). Die verspreiding van infeksie is ‘n belangrike deel van enige aansteeklike siekte, aangesien die dinamika van die siekte grootliks afhang van die tempo van oordrag van ‘n aansteeklike persoon na ‘n vatbare persoon. ‘n Oorsig is gedoen om te sien watter kompartementele epidemiologiese modelle alreeds bestaan. Ons het gevind dat baie van die manuskripte nie die nodige inligting voorsien wat nodig is om die resultate van die skrywers te repliseer nie, en slegs ‘n klein hoeveelheid van die modelle kon gesimuleer word. Die rede hiervoor is hoofsaaklik as gevolg van ‘n gebrek aan inligting of van foute in die artikel. Die modelle is in vier kategorieë vir die analise verdeel. Op grond van die TVI het ons tussen frekwensie- of digtheidsafhanklike oordrag onderskei, en as ‘n tweede kriterium het ons die modelle op die seksuele aktiwiteit van die vigs-groep onderskei. Daarna is die modelle binne en tussen die klasse vergelyk in terme van hul TVIs. Daar is gewys dat frekwensie-afhanklike oordrag gebruik moet word vir groter bevolkings. Dit is die geval van MIV, waar die siekte hoofsaaklik versprei word deur seksuele kontak. Die insluiting van die vigs-pasiënte in die groep van aansteeklike individue is belangrik vir die akkuraatheid van die oordrag-dinamika van MIV. Meer as helfte van die uitgesoekte studies aanvaar dat vigs-pasiënte te siek is om betrokke te raak by riskante seksuele gedrag. Ons sien dat die insluiting van vigs-pasiënte in die groep van aansteeklike individue ‘n beduidende uitwerking op die TVI het wanneer die waarde van die waarskynlikheid van oordrag van ‘n individu met vigs groter is as dié van die ander klasse. Die analise toon dat die TVI kan wissel afhangende van die parameter waardes en die aannames wat gemaak is. Baie modelle voeg verskeie parameter waardes bymekaar vir die waarskynlikheid van oordrag. Wanneer die parameter waardes nie apart gewys word nie, is dit moeilik om die werking van die TVI te verstaan, want daar is onbekende faktore wat ‘n invloed op die TVI het. Die verbetering van die akkuraatheid van die TVI kan ons help om die faktore wat dit beïnvloed beter te verstaan, en dit kan ook help om meer realistiese resultate te produseer. Om die waarskynlikheid van oordrag as ‘n funksie van die viruslading te skryf kan help om die TVI meer akkuraat te maak en dit kan ook help om die effek wat virale dinamika op die bevolkingsoordrag-dinamika het, beter te verstaan.
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Harry, Karuna. "The changing knowledge and expectations of public health nurses in a HIV/AIDS training programme for managers". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002495.

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This research project examined the changing expectations and knowledge of Managers in the Department of Health who attended the Sexual Health Counselling Project offered by Rhodes University, East London, South Africa. These managers came from contexts in which the hierarchical medical model is firmly entrenched. The Sexual Health Counselling Project, drawing on theoretical principles from Narrative and other theories,presented a challenge to the standard management practices used by the managers. It also challenged how they dealt with clients. This research explored changes in expectations and knowledge prior to and during a two- week training course that the managers attended. A personal awareness and shift in knowledge occurred for many managers who examined their current practices. Some managers, who were firmly entrenched in the hierarchical model,found it difficult to change their ways of working.
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27

Walther, Jallow Lilian. "Methods for detection of HIV-2/SIV infections /". Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/91-628-4214-5/.

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Pessane, Nilza. "Analysis of the impact of HIV/AIDS on civil society and a growing economy in Mozambique "Assessing aspects of democratic consolidation" /". Pretoria : [S.n.], 2010. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02232010-142353.

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Scherer, aus Pullach Patricia. "Diagnose HIV+ trauma oder chance? : das human immunodeficiency virus uns das acquired immune deficiency syndrome als "voodoo-formeln" der moderne /". München : Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 1996. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/38175768.html.

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Petoumenos, Kathy Public Health &amp Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Treatment experience and HIV disease progression: findings from the Australian HIV observational database". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Public Health and Community Medicine, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/24937.

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The Australian HIV Observational Database (AHOD) is a collaboration of hospitals, sexual health clinics and specialist general practices throughout Australia, established in April 1999. Core data variables collected include demographic data, immunological and virological markers, AIDS diagnosis, antiretroviral and prophylactic treatment and cause of death. The first electronic data transfer occurred in September 1999 followed by six monthly data transfers thereafter. All analyses included in this thesis are based on patients recruited to AHOD by March 2004. By March 2004, 2329 patients had been recruited to AHOD from 27 sites throughout Australia. Of these, 352 (15%) patients were recruited from non-metropolitan clinics. The majority of patients were male (94%), and infected with HIV through male homosexual contact (73%). Almost 90% of AHOD patients are antiretroviral treatment experience, and the majority of patients are receiving triple therapy as mandated by standard of care guidelines in Australia. Antiretroviral treatment use has changed in Australia reflecting changes in the availability of new treatment strategies and agents. The crude mortality rate was 1.58 per 100 person years, and of the 105 deaths, more than half died from HIV-unrelated deaths. The prevalence of HBV and HCV in AHOD was 4.8% and 10.9%, respectively. HIV disease progression in the era of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) among AHOD patients is consistent with what has been reported in developed countries. Common factors associated with HIV disease progression were low CD4 cell count, high viral load and prior treatment with mono or double therapy at the time of commencing HAART. This was demonstrated in AHOD in terms of long-term CD4 cell response, the rate of changing combination antiretroviral therapy and factors predicting death. HBV and HCV coinfection is also relatively common in AHOD, similar to other developed country cohorts. Coinfection does not appear to be serious impediments to the treatment of HIV infected patients. However, HIV disease outcome following HAART does appear to be adversely affected by HIV/HCV coinfection but not in terms of HIV/HBV coinfection. Patients attending non-metropolitan sites were found to be similar to those attending metropolitan sites in terms of both immunological response and survival.
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31

Brennan, Erin Ann. "Stigmatization of HIV positive individuals". Click here for download, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1574154001&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3260&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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32

James, Katherine Louise. "Viral genetics of HIV-2 infection". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:68ba022d-62e4-4cb1-8032-085ea5240b98.

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HIV-2 is a contemporary human retrovirus with the majority of infections localised to West Africa. Both HIV-1 and HIV-2 are able to cause AIDS; however, in contrast to HIV-1 infection, a common outcome following HIV-2 infection (∼ 37% of patients in this study cohort) is long-term non-progression (LTNP), where patients remain aviraemic and asymptomatic in the absence of treatment, often for decades. HIV-1 and HIV-2 both arose following zoonotic transmission of SIVs from non-human primates at around the beginning of the 20th century and when patients develop AIDS caused by HIV-2 infection, it is clinically indistinguishable from AIDS following HIV-1 infection. Whilst the estimated number of HIV-2 infections remains small in the context of the global HIV pandemic (HIV-2 ∼ 2 million, HIV-1 group M ∼75 million), the differences in pathogenicity between these two viruses has been a source of great interest, particularly the features of LTNPs that allow control of viral replication in the absence of anti-retroviral treatment. The studies described in this thesis were carried out using samples collected from a well-characterised longitudinal community cohort in Caió, Guinea-Bissau. Chapter 3 of this thesis presents an investigation into the variation and evolution present in the HIV-2 specific accessory gene vpx. The data showed significantly increased signals of positive selection pressure in vpx in viraemic when compared to non-viraemic patients and also allowed the identification of novel variations at high frequencies (up to 22%) in this cohort that were previously un-described. Chapters 4 and 5 present a novel application of shotgun RNA sequencing (RNA- Seq) to HIV ex vitro and ex vivo samples. Chapter 4 demonstrates the divergence seen in a cultured viral isolate at the level of the whole genome, in the absence of many of the biases typically involved in sequencing of RNA viruses. Chapter 5 further extends this method to show the applicability of using RNA-Seq on primary patient HIV samples for the first time. Analysis of diversity estimates over the whole genome in the context of a low bias sequencing method show a high level of diversity in HIV-2 pol and low diversity in vpx. The aim of this work was to combine traditional and novel sequencing methods to facilitate assessment of the variation and evolution acting on vpx and to generate an accurate picture of the genetic diversity over the whole genome of HIV-2.
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33

Cullen, Christine. "Understanding misperceptions about HIV and AIDS". Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2006. http://thesis.haverford.edu/154/01/2006CullenCEconomics.pdf.

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34

Chohan, Bhavna H. "Characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 envelope at infection and reinfection in a cohort of Kenyan women /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9304.

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35

Megazzini, Karen M. "Provision of rapid HIV testing and nevirapine administration in Zambian labor wards to improve population antiretroviral coverage of HIV-infected women and their HIV-exposed infants". Thesis, Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2008. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2009r/megazzini.pdf.

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36

Reid, Carol. "A randomised clinical trial to evaluate the effect of diet on quality of life of people living with HIV and lipodystrophy". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2003. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36787/2/36787_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.

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37

Wise, Daniel Lynn Goggin Kathy J. "Criminal penalties for non-disclosure of HIV-positive status effects on HIV testing rates and incidence /". Diss., UMK access, 2008.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Dept. of Psychology. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2008.
"A dissertation in clinical psychology." Advisor: Kathleen J. Goggin. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed Sept. 12, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 127-136). Online version of the print edition.
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38

Chigali, George M. "Assessment of the factors associated with HIV risk behaviours amongst women in Livingstone, Southern Province, Zambia". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2551_1189600940.

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The aim of this study was to assess the factors associated with HIV risk behaviours in women in Livingstone, Zambia. A cross-sectional analytical survey using a structured questionnaire was carried out in two sites in Livingstone, which were selected on the basis of differences in socio-economic status. Married women and women in the urban community are at high risk of contracting HIV and every effort should be made to ensure that HIV/AIDS programmes help to reduce their vulnerability to HIV infection.

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39

Calitz, Margaretha. "The effect of an aerobic exercise program on the health-related quality of life of HIV-positive employees". Pretoria : [S.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10192009-145934/.

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40

Kok, Tuckweng. "Early events in the replication cycle of human immunodeficiency virus /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phk79.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Microbiology & Immunology, 1998.
Copy of author's previously published article on back end-paper. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 105-158).
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41

GOURGEONNET, ALAIN. "Hypertrichose ciliaire acquise au cours des infections vih". Aix-Marseille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX20136.

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42

Carey, Catherine Louise. "Prospective memory in HIV-1 infection /". Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3170274.

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43

Whelan, Kathryn Theresa. "Dendritic cell function in HIV disease". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:15b65f1c-4d92-48ec-bcab-aecc92dc674c.

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a worldwide epidemic where infected individuals usually develop acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV is primarily spread by sexual transmission across mucosal tissue where dendritic cells (DC) reside. DC regulate immune responses through their unique ability to capture antigen, migrate to lymphoid tissue, and activate naive T cells. In this Thesis, we have investigated whether HIV influences the migration of DC, thereby influencing their capacity to regulate immune function and facilitate transport of HIV to T cell rich lymphoid tissue. Transmigration assays demonstrated that the predominant HIV strain during primary infection, R5 HIV-1, was chemotactic for immature DC (iDC). Addition of soluble CD4 enhanced iDC migration to R5 HIV, presumably by binding to R5 HIV and altering the conformation to enhance binding to CCR5. Our results suggested that iDC migrated specifically to R5 and not X4 HIV gp120, through interactions between the extracellular loop-2 (ECL-2) domain of CCR5 with the V3 loop region of R5 gp120. iDC prepared from HIV-infected subjects were shown to have impaired chemotaxis to inflammatory chemokines compared with iDC from healthy individuals. Furthermore, the level of inhibition appeared to be proportional to the severity of disease progression in HIV infected subjects. Interestingly, chemotaxis of iDC from long-term non-progressor individuals was similar to normal individuals, whereas migration of iDC from typical progressors was greatly impaired. These differences did not appear to be related to the level of CCR5 expression or patient viral load. The protease inhibitor Indinavir used in antiretroviral therapy, limited DC trans-endothelial migration to chemokines, reduced DC-SIGN expression and increased CD83 on iDC. The results suggested that Indinavir inhibited proteases necessary for DC migration by adversely affecting interactions between DC-SIGN, VLA-4 and VLA-5 and ligands on the endothelium and underlying fibronectin matrix. A novel method has been successfully developed for amplifying rare HIV-specific CDS cells using DC transfected with HLA antigens matching HIV-infected subjects. This has enabled us to amplify HIV-specific CDS T cells by 10- to 60-fold. This may help us to clone and characterise HIV-specific CDS T cells from highly exposed persistently seronegative (HEPS) individuals. In summary, the results in this Thesis demonstrate that R5 HIV mimics chemokines to subvert the natural trafficking of DC. Indeed, we have shown that DC from typical progressors have severely impaired migration. This may have serious consequences on DC immunoregulation, compromising the immune function of these infected individuals.
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44

Speelmon, Emily. "Innate mechanisms of HIV-1 protection in highly exposed, seronegative individuals /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/4998.

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45

Hejdeman, Bo. "Studies on medical and immunological interventions in HIV-1 infection /". Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7140-019-2/.

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46

Smed, Sörensen Anna. "On the role of dendritic cells in HIV-1 infection /". Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7140-052-4/.

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47

Wang, Bin. "Biological and molecular mechanisms in HIV disease progression and co-infection". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2000. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27745.

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The present thesis has undertaken two major areas of HIV pathogenesis for investigation. The first part of the thesis consists of viral and host factors that may account for slow progression or non-progression of HIV disease. A number of viral factors such as nef gene, genetic variability over time, V2 region extension and the defect in the vpr gene/ other HIV-1 genes have been critically analyzed with the sequencing of viral strains from both progressing and non-progressing HIV:1 infected members of well established cohorts. A detailed full-length (9.7kb) sequencing of HIV strains has been performed from a slowly progressing Sydney Blood Bank Cohort members, and a non-progressing mother-child pair. These results elegantly show some of the possible genetic determinations of progression or non-progression of HIV disease. Along side, a comprehensive analysis of a unique and truly non-progressing patient has been presented which unveils various molecular determinants, host determinants and immunological factors that may together contribute to nonprogressive HIV disease. Overall, these unique analyses show that 1. high genetic variability in Viral strains present in non-progressive or slowly progressing patient may be related to their immunocompetent period; 2. they suggest that the env V2 region extension, and the Vpr C-terminus defects may participate in slow progression, and 3. that strong T helper cell responses may be responsible for the production of antiviral factor from the CD8+ cell, which in turn may cause “evolutionary paralysis” of viral strains in vivo in some true LTNP patients surviving for >15 years disease free. These studies may prove useful in the designing of future therapeutic vaccines. In addition, the last part of this thesis deals with the biological and molecular relevance of co-infection with divergent HIV-1 subtypes or strains and its relation to HIV pathogenesis. These analyses are unique in delineating actual mechanisms through which two infecting strains in a patient may interact with each other both at the biological and molecular level and cause differential pathogenesis, and also in demonstrating synergism between infecting strains in causing pathogenesis. These studies provide deeper insights into the mechanisms by which recombinant strains are generated, and cumulatively these data show the first evidence in favor of the effect of recombination being additive and synergistic. This may prove to be immensely valuable in vaccine designing for HIV.
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Hotchkiss, Graham. "Towards ribozyme-mediated gene therapy of HIV-1 infections /". Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/91-628-4007-X/.

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Russell, Rodney S. "The influence of HIV-1 proviral burden on disease progression and response to antiretroviral therapy". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0015/MQ55539.pdf.

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50

Leonard, Erin. "Attachment, depression, and medication in adolescents with HIV infection". Click here for text online. The Institute of Clinical Social Work Dissertations website, 2007. http://www.icsw.edu/_dissertations/Leonard_2007.pdf.

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Dissertation (Ph.D.) -- The Institute for Clinical Social Work, 2007.
A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Institute of Clinical Social Work in partial fulfillment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
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