Artykuły w czasopismach: „HIV/AIDS clients-Clinical characteristics”

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Prayoga, Putu Artawan, i Lalu Sulaiman. "Evaluasi efektivitas konseling terhadap tingkat kecemasan klien resiko tinggi HIV/AIDS". Riset Informasi Kesehatan 9, nr 2 (31.12.2020): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.30644/rik.v9i2.459.

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Background: HIV / AIDS has become a global public health problem like Indonesia, with a fairly large percentage of 80% by 2020. The increase in cases is due to the absence of symptoms or special characteristics that mark the physical characteristics of ODHA and the absence of typical health complaints related to HIV. / AIDS. Anxiety is one of the things that will arise for clients in the form of feelings of fear and caution and unclear and unpleasant vigilance. The emergence of discrimination and classification will affect the quality of life and the level of welfare. Therefore, this study is important to determine the level of effectiveness of counseling interventions on clients' anxiety level with HIV / AIDS. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the counseling intervention on the anxiety level of high-risk clients with HIV / AIDS. Method: Pre-experimental method with a one-group pre-test approach was developed in this study. HARS is an instrument and purposive sampling for data processing with a sample size of 21 people. Results: The results showed that the respondents had different characteristics, 70% male respondents, 30% of respondents aged 25-30 years, 50% had a high school education, and most worked as hotel employees. Conclusion: Counseling interventions can reduce clients' anxiety levels with a high risk of HIV / AIDS from 100% to 62%; in other words, counseling interventions affect clients' anxiety levels with a high risk of HIV / AIDS.

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Linnemayr, Sebastian, Lydia Buzaalirwa, James Balya i Glenn Wagner. "A Microfinance Program Targeting People Living with HIV in Uganda: Client Characteristics and Program Impact". Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC) 16, nr 3 (14.09.2016): 254–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325957416667485.

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HIV has disproportionately affected economically vulnerable populations. HIV medical care, including antiretroviral therapy, successfully restores physical health but can be insufficient to achieve social and economic health. It may therefore be necessary to offer innovative economic support programs such as providing business training and microcredit tailored to people living with HIV/AIDS. However, microfinance institutions have shown reluctance to reach out to HIV-infected individuals, resulting in nongovernment and HIV care organizations providing these services. The authors investigate the baseline characteristics of a sample of medically stable clients in HIV care who are eligible for microcredit loans and evaluate their business and financial needs; the authors also analyze their repayment pattern and how their socioeconomic status changes after receipt of the program. The authors find that there is a significant unmet need for business capital for the sample under investigation, pointing toward the potentially beneficial role of providing microfinance and business training for clients in HIV care. HIV clients participating in the loans show high rates of repayment, and significant increases in (disposable) income, as well as profits and savings. The authors therefore encourage other HIV care providers to consider providing their clients with such loans.

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Dutt, Rekha, Susmita Chaudhuri i Shweta Goswami. "Profile of HIV positive clients: an ICTC record based retrospective study". International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, nr 8 (22.07.2017): 3018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20173364.

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Background: Deaths in productive age group due to HIV/AIDS have damaging impact on families and communities, skills are lost, workforce shrinks & children's are orphaned. Our study reports the socio-demographic characteristics of HIV/ AIDS clients from one of the Integrated Counselling & Testing Centre (ICTC) situated at Amtala, West Bengal. This will give us an insight on the distribution of various epidemiological characteristics of the HIV positive clients in this region thus help in formulating strategies for effective implementation of its prevention. The objective was to study socio-demographic profile and risk behavior pattern of HIV positive clients attending ICTC.Methods: It was an observational study cross sectional in design. Records of last eight years of HIV positive clients were accessed from ICTC centre at Amtala hospital, rural training centre, Department of community medicine, ESI PGIMSR medical college, Joka, Kolkata. Data was entered in SPSS for Windows version 20 software. Data was presented in percentages, mean with standard deviation etc.Results: Retrospective record of 62 HIV positive clients was studied, of them 37 were males (5 pediatric cases) and 25 females (7 ANC).Excluding pediatric clients, mean age of clients was 32 years. It was observed that majority of clients were illiterate and were on daily wages. Except one male client who was homosexual rest were heterosexual. Majority of clients 71.9% males and 92% females were married, of them 45.3% males and 34.7% females were sero concordant with their spouse. Seventeen subjects were co infected with TB.Conclusions: HIV sero prevalence rate has inverse relation with literacy level. Majority of male clients were daily wagers who act as link between high risk populations to general population i.e. their spouse, which in turn can pass on the infection to her baby. Lack of knowledge on mode of spread and preventive measures against HIV infection devastate the families making many children orphaned. There is need to carry out intense IEC activities for behavior change at grass root level.

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Ranin, J., D. Salemovic, B. Brmbolic, J. Marinkovic, I. Boricic, Pavlovic I. Pesic, S. Zerjav, M. Stanojevic i D. Jevtovic. "Comparison of Demographic, Epidemiological, Immunological, and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with HIV Mono-infection Versus Patients Co-infected with HCV or/and HBV: A Serbian Cohort Study". Current HIV Research 16, nr 3 (16.10.2018): 222–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570162x16666180717115614.

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Objective:The study aimed to correlate the status of hepatitis C (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection with clinical and demographic data prior to starting highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and assess the impact of HCV and HBV co-infection on the natural history of HIV infection.Patients and Methods:The study involved a total of 836 treatment-naive patients with available serological status for HBV and HCV at the point of therapy initiation. Patients were stratified into four groups: HIV mono-infection, HIV/HCV, HIV/HBV, and HIV/HCV/HBV co-infection. Demographic, epidemiological, immunological and clinical characteristics were analyzed in order to assess the possible impact of HCV and HBV co-infection on HIV - related immunodeficiency and progression to AIDS.Results:The prevalence of HCV and HBV co-infection in our cohort was 25.7% and 6.3%, respectively. Triple HIV/HCV/HBV infection was recorded in 1.7% of the patients. In comparison with those co-infected with HCV, patients with HIV mono-infection had lower levels of serum liver enzymes activity and higher CD4 cell counts, and were less likely to have CD4 cell counts below100 cells/µL and clinical AIDS, with OR 0.556 and 0.561, respectively. No difference in the development of advanced immunodeficiency and/or AIDS was recorded between patients with HIV monoinfection and those co-infected with HBV, or both HCV/HBV.Conclusion:HIV/HCV co-infection was found to be more prevalent than HIV/HBV co-infection in a Serbian cohort. Co-infection with HCV was related to more profound immunodeficiency prior to therapy initiation, reflecting a possible unfavorable impact of HCV on the natural history of HIV infection.

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Liping, Hu, Yibaguli Aibaidula, Nulibiya Abudukeyoumu i Zhang Yuexin. "Epidemiological characteristics and clinical analysis of 97 AIDS patients". European Journal of Inflammation 17 (styczeń 2019): 205873921985798. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2058739219857989.

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This study is to analyze clinical features of 97 AIDS patients received and treated in our hospital. Clinical data of 97 HIV-infected patients who were admitted between September 2004 and September 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. We found that all patients were in AIDS stage, CD4+ T lymphocytes counts were (210.56 ± 79.31)/µL. After the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimens, CD4+ cell number is 315.21 ± 187.90, most patients before clinical symptoms are significantly improved. HIV infections were mainly through intravenous drug injection (51 cases, 52.58%) and sex contact (29 cases, 29.90%). In conclusion, the clinical manifestations of AIDS patients are various, and the main infection route is intravenous drug injection. Multiple measures should be taken to prevent and control HIV transmission, patients should undergo effective antiviral treatment, monitor and follow-up, so as to control opportunistic infection and virus replication.

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Davis, Stephanie M., Jonas Z. Hines, Melissa Habel, Jonathan M. Grund, Renee Ridzon, Brittney Baack, Jonathan Davitte i in. "Progress in voluntary medical male circumcision for HIV prevention supported by the US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief through 2017: longitudinal and recent cross-sectional programme data". BMJ Open 8, nr 8 (sierpień 2018): e021835. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021835.

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ObjectiveThis article provides an overview and interpretation of the performance of the US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief’s (PEPFAR’s) male circumcision programme which has supported the majority of voluntary medical male circumcisions (VMMCs) performed for HIV prevention, from its 2007 inception to 2017, and client characteristics in 2017.DesignLongitudinal collection of routine programme data and disaggregations.Setting14 countries in sub-Saharan Africa with low baseline male circumcision coverage, high HIV prevalence and PEPFAR-supported VMMC programmes.ParticipantsClients of PEPFAR-supported VMMC programmes directed at males aged 10 years and above.Main outcome measuresNumbers of circumcisions performed and disaggregations by age band, result of HIV test offer, procedure technique and follow-up visit attendance.ResultsPEPFAR supported a total of 15 269 720 circumcisions in 14 countries in Southern and Eastern Africa. In 2017, 45% of clients were under 15 years of age, 8% had unknown HIV status, 1% of those tested were HIV+ and 84% returned for a follow-up visit within 14 days of circumcision.ConclusionsOver 15 million VMMCs have been supported by PEPFAR since 2007. VMMC continues to attract primarily young clients. The non-trivial proportion of clients not testing for HIV is expected, and may be reassuring that testing is not being presented as mandatory for access to circumcision, or in some cases reflect test kit stockouts or recent testing elsewhere. While VMMC is extremely safe, achieving the highest possible follow-up rates for early diagnosis and intervention on complications is crucial, and programmes continue to work to raise follow-up rates. The VMMC programme has achieved rapid scale-up but continues to face challenges, and new approaches may be needed to achieve the new Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS goal of 27 million additional circumcisions through 2020.

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Wang, Di, Ye Zheng, Dong Zeng, Yuexiang Yang, Xiaonan Zhang, Yanling Feng i Hongzhou Lu. "Clinicopathologic characteristics of HIV/AIDS-related plasmablastic lymphoma". International Journal of STD & AIDS 28, nr 4 (10.07.2016): 380–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462416650124.

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Plasmablastic lymphoma is a rare and aggressive B cell lymphoma that is considered to be strongly associated with HIV infection. This article explores the histological morphology and immunohistochemical characteristics of HIV/AIDS-related plasmablastic lymphoma with the goal of improving the diagnosis and treatment of this rare tumor. According to criteria of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues (2008), six plasmablastic lymphoma cases admitted to the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center were comprehensively analyzed with conventional hematoxylin-eosin staining, immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization. The morphological features of six tumors were consistent with PBL. Immunohistochemical staining showed that all six cases were negative for CD19, CD20, and CD79a, and positive for OCT-2, BOB-1, VS38c, and melanoma ubiquitous mutated 1. The Ki67 proliferation index was higher than 90% in all six cases. In situ hybridization indicated that four cases were EBER-positive. In addition, three cases had C-MYC translocation rearrangement. Our results showed that the immunophenotypes of PBL vary, which makes PBL diagnosis difficult. Therefore, morphological characteristics, immunophenotypic markers, and clinical data should be used in combination to enable an accurate diagnosis, especially in the presence of immunophenotypic variation, as this approach will facilitate timely treatment.

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Vuksanović-Begović, Biljana, i Ivana Begović-Lazarević. "Characteristics of clients and new HIV cases in the Institute of public health Belgrade, center for HIV/AIDS, 2007-2016". Zdravstvena zastita 47, nr 4 (2018): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zz1801019v.

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Preveden, Tomislav. "Clinical characteristics of coinfection with hepatitis C virus in HIV-positive patients". Medical review 58, nr 11-12 (2005): 529–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0512529p.

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Introduction Patients with HIV are commonly coinfected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) mostly due to similar routes of transmission, especially in areas with high prevalence of intravenous drug use. In the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), life expectancy of these patients has increased and end-stage liver disease is a common cause of death. Material and methods This study included 387 HIV-positive patients treated at the Institute of Infectious and Tropical Diseases "Dr. Kosta Todorovic" in Belgrade. We investigated epidemiological and clinical features of patients who underwent biochemical liver tests, ultrasonography and some of them blind liver biopsies. Results The prevalence of HCV infection among these patients was 58.13% with' 225/387 ELISA anti-HCV-antibody positive patients. HCV coinfection was statistically more significant among male patients aged between 30 and 34, and among intravenous drug users. None of the biochemical parameters were statistically significant among coinfected patients, except aminotraspherase levels which were significantly higher among patients with chronic hepatitis C and HIV. 44 patients underwent biopsy and pathohistological findings showed that every 4th patient (25%) had chronic hepatitis C infection. The average survival rate in coinfected patients in the pre HAART era was the same as in AIDS patients. Conclusions Liver biopsy, elevated aminotraspherase and positive serology can help in making the diagnosis of chronic hepatitis C, and possible future treatment options.

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Su, Jin-Song, Yan-Hui Si i Bao-Chi Liu. "The Clinical Characteristics of Surgical Diseases among Patients with HIV/AIDS". American Surgeon 80, nr 3 (marzec 2014): 99–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481408000313.

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Ahmetagic, Sead, Humera Porobi, Jahic Jahic, Dilista Piljic, Amer Custovic, Damir Sabitovic i Denis Zepic. "Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of HIV Infection/AIDS in Hospitalized Patients". Materia Socio Medica 27, nr 1 (2015): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/msm.2014.27.27-30.

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Liu, Huijun, Min Zhao, Ying Wang, Marcus W. Feldman i Qunying Xiao. "The sexual networks of female sex workers and potential HIV transmission risk: an entertainment venue-based study in Shaanxi, China". International Journal of STD & AIDS 31, nr 5 (19.03.2020): 402–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462419886780.

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People involved in commercial sex are thought to be at high risk for human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) transmission. To explore the characteristics of female sex workers’ (FSWs) sexual networks and how FSWs and their sex partners could serve as ‘bridges’ in HIV/AIDS transmission, egocentric sexual networks (where a subject is asked to identify his or her sexual contacts and their relationships) of 66 FSWs in Xi'an city, Shaanxi Province of China, were studied. Convenience sampling was used to collect FSWs’ socio-demographic and sexual behavior data, which we analyzed using social network and descriptive statistical methods. Results show that some egocentric sexual networks were connected by sex partners, and these were integrated into several components of a sexual network. According to centrality indicators, FSWs and their commercial sex partners (especially regular clients) served as key nodes within high-risk groups and as bridges between high-risk groups and the general population. The cluster of high-risk groups with cohesive sub-networks had larger network size (P < 0.001), more complex network structures, and more high-risk members (P < 0.05) than other isolated networks. The sexual network of FSWs was characterized by multiple sexual relations (680), unstable relationships (50.15%), and a high rate of inconsistent condom use with non-commercial sex partners (31.22%). By linking commercial and non-commercial sexual networks, the FSWs and their clients can become effective bridges for HIV/AIDS spread from high-risk groups to the general population.

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Postorino, Maria Concetta, Filippo Luciani, Carmelo Mangano, Maria Stella Carpentieri, Paolo Scerbo, Armando Priamo, Giuseppina Berardelli i in. "DEMOGRAPHICAL, VIRO-IMMUNOLOGICAL, CLINICAL AND THERAPEUTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HIV INFECTED PATIENTS IN A “EPIDEMIOLOGICALLY UNEXPLORED” REGION OF ITALY (CALABRIA REGION): THE CALABRHIV COHORT." Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases 7 (8.10.2015): e2015054. http://dx.doi.org/10.4084/mjhid.2015.054.

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Background and Objectives HIV epidemics may differ among epidemiological contexts. We aimed at constructing an HIV clinical cohort whose main epidemiological, clinical and therapeutical characteristics are described (the CalabrHIV cohort, Calabria Region, Southern Italy). Methods The CalabrHIV cohort includes all HIV patients on active follow-up in all infectious disease centers in the Calabria Region as at October 2014. All information were recorded in a common electronic database. Not-infectious co-morbidities (such as cardiovascular diseases, bone fractures, diabetes, renal failure and hypertension) were also studied. Results 548 patients (68% males; 63% aged <50 years) were included in the CalabrHIV cohort. Major risk factors: sexual transmission (49%) and intravenous drug use (34%). 39% patients had HCV and/or HBV co-infection. An high percentage of late presenters was observed (68.4% patients with CD4+ nadir <350/mm3and 38.5% patients with AIDS at baseline). 83% patients on HAART had actually undetectable HIV-RNA. Hypertension was the most frequent co-morbidity (21.5%). Multi-morbidity was more frequent in >50 years-old patients than in <50 years-old ones (30% vs. 6%; p<0.0001). Co-morbidity was more frequent in HCV and/or HBV co-infected than in HIV mono-infected patients (46.6% vs. 31.7%: p=0.0006). Conclusion This cohort presentation study sheds light, for the first time, on HIV patients’ characteristics in the Calabria Region. Despite a small number of officially reported cases, the size of the cohort was substantial. We showed that HIV infected patients with chronic hepatites, were affected by concomitant not-infectious co-morbidities more than the HIV mono-infected individuals. New HCV treatments are eagerly awaited.

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Junqueira, Priscila, Silvia Bellucci, Sueli Rossini i Rubens Reimão. "Women living with HIV/AIDS: sleep impairment, anxiety and depression symptoms". Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 66, nr 4 (grudzień 2008): 817–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2008000600008.

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate sleep impairment, symptoms of anxiety and depression, and associations with sleep characteristics of sleep in female HIV/AIDS patients. METHOD: 30 female patients with HIV/AIDS were evaluated along with 30 female controls with a mean age of 35.4 years in the study group and 33.1 years in the control group, with: a) the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; b) the Beck Anxiety Inventory; c) the Beck Depression Inventory. RESULTS: Sleep quality was more impaired in AIDS patients than in those with HIV+ or in controls. The AIDS patients showed more symptoms of anxiety. There were associations of sleep impairment with anxiety in HIV+ patients; whereas in AIDS patients associations were found between sleep impairment and depression. CONCLUSION: There was sleep quality in the presence of symptoms of anxiety and depression. In HIV+ patients, sleep impairment was associated with anxiety, while in AIDS patients sleep impairment was associated with depression.

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Utarini, Gusti Ayu Eka, Anak Agung Sagung Sawitri i Tuti Parwati Merati. "Predictors of improved nutritional status among HIV/AIDS patients who received antiretroviral therapy (ART) at Sanglah General Hospital Denpasar". Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive 5, nr 2 (1.12.2017): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/phpma.v5i2.30.

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Background and purpose: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is associated with improved nutritional status among HIV/AIDS patients. This study aims to examine proportion, median time, incidence rate, and predictors of improved nutritional status among HIV/AIDS patients who received ART at Sanglah General Hospital Denpasar.Methods: A restrospective cohort study was conducted in Denpasar City. A total of 207 medical records of HIV/AIDS patients who received ART between 1st of January 2012 and 30th of June 2015 were included in the study. Kaplan Meier analysis was performed to calculate incidence rate and median time of improved nutritional status among HIV/AIDS patients. Sociodemographic characteristics and clinical variables included body mass index (BMI), body weight, haemoglobin level, CD4 count, HIV clinical stadium, ART regiments, and opportunistic infections (OIs). Data were analysed using cox proportional hazard model to identify predictors of improved nutritional status among HIV/AIDS patients.Results: As many as 65.22% of HIV/AIDS patients who received ART experienced an improvement in their nutritional status with the incidence rate of 9.1 per 100 person months and median time of 6.1 months. Multivariate analysis showed that predictors of improved nutritional status were BMI at ART initiation (AHR=1.34; 95%CI: 1.16-1.5), HIV clinical stadium (AHR=1.45; 95%CI: 1.02-2.06), CD4 count at ART initiation (AHR=0.89; 95%CI: 0.81-0.99) and the presence of diarrhoea (AHR=1.83; 95%CI: 1.06-3.14).Conclusions: Predictors of improved nutritional status among HIV/AIDS patients who received ART were BMI, HIV clinical stadium, CD4 count and diarrhoea.

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Martin, Taliva D., Maya S. Ling, Emmett T. Cunningham, Ann Petru i Susan H. Day. "Prevalence and clinical characteristics of ocular disease in children with HIV/AIDS". Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 19, nr 4 (sierpień 2015): e52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaapos.2015.07.163.

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Worthington, C., i H. B. Krentz. "Socio-economic factors and health-related quality of life in adults living with HIV". International Journal of STD & AIDS 16, nr 9 (1.09.2005): 608–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0956462054944408.

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This study examined the relationships of income, employment status and other socioeconomic characteristics with dimensions of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) for those living with HIV/AIDS, controlling for clinical characteristics. Demographic (gender, age, education, living with a partner, HIV transmission category), economic (employment status, monthly household income, volunteer experience), clinical (CD4 count, AIDS defining illness, time since diagnosis, number of HIV symptoms, and highly active antiretroviral therapy), and HRQOL measures (five Medical Outcomes Study HIV Health Survey subscales) were obtained from 308 consenting HIV clinic patients in Calgary, Canada. Multiple regression results indicate that the strongest predictor of the five QL subscales is employment status, while income was significant as an independent predictor in two of the models. Other socioeconomic characteristics were not consistently significant predictors of HRQOL subscales. The contribution of employment to HRQOL is important to explore further, and suggest the need for flexibility in income support and return-to-work programmes for those with HIV.

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Bender Ignacio, Rachel, Matine Ghadrshenas, Daniel Low, Jackson Orem, Corey Casper i Warren Phipps. "HIV Status and Associated Clinical Characteristics Among Adult Patients With Cancer at the Uganda Cancer Institute". Journal of Global Oncology, nr 4 (grudzień 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.17.00112.

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Purpose HIV increases cancer incidence and mortality. In Uganda, the HIV epidemic has led to an elevated incidence of AIDS-defining cancers (ADCs) and non–AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs). Limited information exists about how frequently HIV infection complicates the presentation and manifestations of cancer in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods We abstracted medical records from patients with cancer who were age 18 years or older who registered at the Uganda Cancer Institute from June through September 2015 to determine the burden of HIV. We used χ2 tests and generalized linear models to evaluate factors associated with HIV positivity. A sensitivity analysis estimated HIV prevalence in those untested. Results Among 1,137 patients with cancer, 23% were HIV infected, 48% were HIV negative, and 29% had no recorded HIV status. Of those with recorded HIV status, 32% were HIV positive. Forty-two percent (149 of 361 patients) with ADCs were documented as HIV infected (51% of those with documented status) compared with 14% (108 of 776 patients) of those with NADCs (21% of those with documented status). In multivariable analysis, HIV infection was associated with ADC diagnosis (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] compared with NADC, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.5 to 3.0), younger age (aPR, 0.9 per decade increase; 95% CI, 0.8 to 1.0), and worse performance status scores (aPR, 1.2 per point ECOG increase; 95% CI, 1.0 to 1.5). When sensitivity analysis accounted for undocumented HIV status, the expected prevalence of HIV infection was 29% (range, 23% to 32%), and almost one fourth of expected HIV cases were undiagnosed or unrecorded. Conclusion The prevalence of HIV infection among Ugandan patients with cancer is substantially higher than in the general population. Patients with cancer and HIV tend to be younger and have poorer performance status. Greater awareness of the dual burden of cancer and HIV in Uganda and universal testing of patients with cancer may improve outcomes of HIV-associated malignancies.

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Andrushchak, M. O., V. D. Moskaliuk, I. V. Balaniuk i I. V. Rudan. "CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS WITH HIV INFECTION". Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії 19, nr 3 (8.11.2019): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.19.3.3.

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According to the latest data, in early 2018, 75% of HIV-positive people in the world knew about their HIV status (70% in early 2017); 79% of those who knew about their HIV status received treatment, 81% of those who received antiretroviral therapy have achieved an undetectable level of HIV viral load in the blood, i.e. less than 1000 RNA copies / ml. The purpose of the work is to find out the current clinical and epidemiological features of HIV infection, including in the Bukovina region. Materials and Methods: this prospective study for 2016 – 2018 included 292 HIV patients undergoing outpatient monitoring at the Chernivtsi Regional Center for AIDS Prevention and Control. All the subjects gave voluntary informed consent to participate in the study. Results and Discussion: Young people (25 – 44 years old) were predominantly included in the study; their total share among men was 88.3% and among women – 76.0%. There were slightly more female patients under 24 years of age (10.6% of female individuals versus 4.3% of male individuals) and within the 45-55 year old group (13.4% female participants versus 7.4% of male individuals). Clinical signs of stage III HIV infection found in 108 people included the manifestations of general intoxication syndrome forcing the participants to stay down in the bed up to a half a day. All the participants demonstrated the weight loss over 10% of that initially established; 34 (31.5%) patients had "unexplained" chronic diarrhoea over 3 times a day, which lasted more than a month. For 118 HIV-positive patients of the IV clinical stage, the fatigue syndrome (unexplained weight loss (more than 10% for 6 months) was the most indicative; this condition forced them to stay in bed for more than a half a day. Conclusions: Markers of hemocontact viral hepatitis were detected in 59.1% of patients with clinical stage I and II HIV infection, in 55.6% of the patients with III stage HIV and in 61.0% with stage IV of the disease.

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Spacek, Lisa A., Dana Higgins i Kathleen Brady. "956. Delayed HIV diagnosis in Philadelphia". Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (1.10.2020): S509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1142.

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Abstract Background Ending the HIV Epidemic (EHE) requires prompt diagnosis and treatment of HIV to reduce transmission. Delayed HIV diagnosis and late entry into care remain challenging. Strategic deployment of testing resources may leverage both targeted and universal testing to accomplish the timely diagnosis of HIV infection. Methods We extracted data from the City of Philadelphia’s Enhanced HIV/AIDS Reporting System for 3,856 individuals diagnosed with HIV infection in Philadelphia, PA from 2012-2018, to determine characteristics associated with delayed diagnosis, defined as: AIDS diagnosed within 90 days of HIV or date of AIDS diagnosis prior to HIV diagnosis. Independent variables included: time since HIV diagnosis, age category, birth sex, current gender, race/ethnicity, transmission risk, insurance status, and receipt of care from Ryan White medical provider. We used Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression to assess factors associated with delayed diagnosis. Results From 2012 to 2018, the number of HIV diagnoses declined from 731 to 422; those with delayed diagnosis declined from 28% to 18%. Age category of 25-34 years comprised the majority of HIV diagnoses N=1402 (36%). The majority were: born male (78%), current gender male (76%), black (69%), MSM (51%), insured (54%), and participating in Ryan White care (71%). In multivariate regression, current gender male, heterosexual transmission, race/ethnicity Asian, American Indian, Alaska Native, or Multi-race, unknown insurance status, and receipt of care from a Ryan White medical provider were 3.7 (95%CI, 1.2-11.4), 1.3 (1.0-1.7), 1.8 (1.2-2.8), 5.9 (4.9-7.1), and 1.4 (1.2-1.7) times as likely to have delayed diagnosis, respectively, after adjustment for time since diagnosis, age category, and birth sex. Participants’ Characteristics and Logistic Regression Results Conclusion EHE will only be successful by reaching all people living with HIV and creating opportunities for early diagnosis. Routine opt-out universal screening combined with repeated, targeted testing will allow for identification and early treatment of HIV infection. As a medical care safety net, Ryan White program provides care to a disproportionate number of people with delayed diagnosis of HIV. By diagnosing HIV as early as possible, we may eliminate delayed diagnosis and reduce the risk of AIDS-related events or death. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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Ismail, Yulia, Soetjipto Soetjipto, Eddy Wasito i Nasronudin Nasronudin. "ANALYSIS OF HIV SUBTYPES AND CLINICAL STAGING OF HIV DISEASE/AIDS IN EAST JAVA". Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease 3, nr 2 (20.06.2016): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijtid.v3i2.204.

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) known to cause Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) disease are divided into several subtypes (A, B, C, D, F, G, H, J, K) and Circulating Recombinant Form (CRF). Different characteristics of subtype of the virus and its interaction with the host can affect the severity of the disease. This study was to analyze HIV-1 subtypes circulatingin HIV/AIDS patients from the East Java region descriptively and to analyze its relationship with clinical stadiums of HIV/AIDS. Information from this research was expected to complement the data of mocular epidemiology of HIV in Indonesia. This study utilited blood plasma from patients who had been tested to be HIV positive who sected treatment to or were reffered to the Intermediate Care Unit of Infectious Disease (UPIPI) Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya from various area representing the East Java regions. Plasma was separated from blood samples by centrifugation for use in the the molecular biology examination including RNA extraction, nested PCR using specific primer for HIV gp120 env gene region, DNA purifying, DNA sequencing, and homology and phylogenetic analysis. Based on the nucleotide sequence of the HIV gp120 env gene, it was found that the most dominant subtypes in East Java were in one group of Circulating Recombinant Form (CRF) that is CRF01_AE, CRF33_01B and CRF34_01B which was also found in Southeast Asia. In the phylogenetic tree, most of HIV samples (30 samples) are in the same branch with CRF01_AE, CRF33_01B and CRF34_01B, except for one sample (HIV40) which is in the same branch with subtype B. HIV subtypes are associated with clinical stadiums (disease severity) since samples from different stages of HIV disease have the same subtype.

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Oliveira, Evaldo Hipólito de, Roseane Mara Cardoso Lima Verde, Aldemir Branco Oliveira Filho, Leonardo Ferreira Soares, Francisco Tiago dos Santos Silva Júnior, Maria Alice Freitas Queiroz i Antonio Carlos Rosário Vallinoto. "HIV/AIDS in the elderly: epidemiological impact and associated risk factors in the State of Piauí, Brazil". Research, Society and Development 9, nr 8 (13.07.2020): e460985906. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i8.5906.

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The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence, epidemiological and socioeconomic profile and risk factors associated with HIV-1 infection in elderly patients diagnosed with HIV/AIDS in the state of Piauí, Brazil. A total of 805 individuals seen at the Central Laboratory of Public Health of Piauí were included. The subjects were classified into two groups: a group of individuals 18 to 59 years old and a group of those 60 years or older. These individuals were tested for HIV-1 infection (ELISA), which was monitored by TCD4+/CD8+ lymphocyte count (flow cytometry) and viral load quantification (branched DNA method), and for coinfections with HBV, HCV and HTLV-1/2 (ELISA and PCR). They also answered an epidemiological questionnaire on socio-demographic, epidemiological and clinical characteristics. The frequency of HIV-1 infection in elderly patients was 3.7% (30/805). The majority of patients were male (66.6%), had a primary school education level (90%), were married (40%) and had a family income of 1 to 4 times the minimum wage (63.3%). The main behavioral risk factors associated with these individuals included lack of condom use (100%) and a history of Sexual Transmitted Diseases – STI (53.3%), surgery (63.3%) or blood transfusion (40%). The elderly patients also had a higher frequency of HIV-HTLV-1/2 co-infection (13.3%). Identifying the main characteristics related to HIV infection in the elderly is important to show that these individuals are also susceptible to HIV-1 infection and must be made aware of risk behaviors.

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Messina, F., M. Romero, A. Benchetrit, E. Marin, A. Arechavala, R. Depardo, R. Negroni i G. Santiso. "Clinical and microbiological characteristics of paracoccidioidomycosis in patients with AIDS in Buenos Aires, Argentina". Medical Mycology 58, nr 1 (15.03.2019): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myz021.

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Abstract Paracoccidioidomycosis (Pm) is a systemic disease, endemic in the American continent. There are two different clinical forms, the infant-juvenile or subacute form (PmS) and the chronic adult form (PmC). The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) associated paracoccidioidomycosis (PmHIV) shares characteristics with both of the previously mentioned forms. The objective of this work was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and laboratory features of the PmHIV and to compare them with the ones of PmS and the PmC. A retrospective analysis of 119 patients with paracoccidioidomycosis was performed. Ninety four suffered the chronic form, 11 the subacute one and 14 were coinfected with HIV. Patients with PmHIV presented a CD4+ T lymphocytes median of 70.5 cells/μl, 71.4% had fever, 64.3% had a miliary pattern on the chest radiography, 64.3% had hepatosplenomegaly, 64.3% had mucosal lesions and 50% had skin lesions. One patient died during his hospitalization. The clinical presentation of Pm in patients with HIV resembled the subacute form with fever, hepatomegaly and skin lesions. However, they also tended to present mucosal lesions, positive serology for Pm and pulmonary parenchyma lesions as usually seen in PmC (9/14 PmHIV patients had overlapping features, while 4/14 PmHIV patients clinically resembled PmS and 1/14 PmC). The incidence of Pm has not changed with the burden of AIDS as it has happened with other fungal infections but it appears clinically different from the classic clinical forms of the disease.

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Jahan, Mohammed Shahed, Mushfiq Hassan Shaikh, Jahanara Begum, Tazdik G. Chowdhury i Morshed Hasan. "Knowledge about HIV/AIDS among the dental students in Dhaka". Update Dental College Journal 2, nr 2 (30.06.2013): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v2i2.15531.

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Aims:This was a cross-sectional study done in the City Dental College, Malibagh, Chowdhurypara. The objective of the study was to assess the level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS among the final year dental students during the period between April to June 2012. Materials and Method:Convenient sampling technique was used and a total of 77 final year dental students were included. A pretested questionnaire was used in English and information was gathered by face to face interview regarding demographic characteristics and HIV/AIDS related knowledge which contained; meaning of HIV/AIDS cause of HIV/AIDS, mode of transmission, risk group, preventive measure. Result:The data were analyzed by computer software SPSS version 17. The study showed that 23.4 percent of the respondents had poor knowledge on HIV/AIDS. About 18.1% know that AIDS can be transmitted if having sexual contact with HIV positive case. Moreover, 13.8% have knowledge about HIV contaminated blood transfusion, 15.1% have knowledge about HIV infected mother to child, 14.6 % know that HIV infection can cause by pricking an infected needle and 10.5% know that it can transmit through body fluids like blood; semen etc. 45.1% had knowledge about injury by infected surgical instrument. Conclusion:The study revealed that the relationship between the knowledge of HIV/AIDS among dental students and sex of the respondents is statistically significant. It is evident that even in the second decade of the AIDS epidemic, final year dental students continue to have a lack of proper knowledge about HIV/AIDS. Training Programme should be arranged on HIV/AIDS for the dental students during clinical attachment. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v2i2.15531 Update Dent. Coll. j: 2012; 2 (2): 23-27

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Go, Gabriella, Karen J. Vigil, Paul Parisot, Trung Vu, Barbara Taylor i Mamta Jain. "360. Advanced Liver Disease in HIV/Hepatitis B Coinfected Patients: Associated with Race, Age, and Comorbidities". Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (październik 2019): S189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.433.

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Abstract Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfection is common in people with HIV. Compared with HBV mono-infected individuals, those that are HIV/HBV coinfected show evidence of more rapid progression to advanced liver disease (ALD) and increased mortality rate. In this study, we identified characteristics in an HIV/HBV cohort associated with ALD. Methods We retrospectively examined an HIV/HBV coinfected cohort to determine the prevalence of ALD and its correlation with selected variables. Data were drawn from HIV and HBsAg+ patients at three HIV clinics in Houston, Dallas, and San Antonio, Texas. Those without chronic HBV were excluded. ALD was defined as cirrhosis, decompensation, and/or hepatocellular carcinoma, as determined by imaging. Variables included demographics, HIV risk factors, comorbidities, HBsAg loss, HepBeAg, CD4+ count, HBV DNA, and HIV RNA viral load. Bivariate analysis was performed using chi-square and student t-test as appropriate; a logistic regression model was used to identify independent associations among significant variables (STATA). Results Within those with HIV/HBV coinfection (n = 501), 89 (18%) met the criteria for ALD (92% male, 47% Black, 33% White, 16% Hispanic, 73% >40 years old). Amongst these (n = 89), significant differences were observed with race (P = 0.039), age (P = 0.001), patients identified as MSM/Bisexuals (P = 0.047), diabetes mellitus (DM) (P = 0.01) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection (P ≤ 0.001). Compared with Whites, Blacks are less likely to have ALD (95% CI 0.27, 0.79, P = 0.004), and those age 40–49 (95% CI 1.28, 10.92, P = 0.016) and >50 (95% CI 1.63, 15.54, P = 0.005) were more likely. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed patients that are White race, age >50, have DM, and those with HCV coinfection had increased risk for ALD (Table 1). No differences were seen with gender, insurance, alcohol use, HBsAg loss, HepBeAg status or baseline CD4+ count, HBV DNA, HIV RNA, and AIDS. Conclusion Increased monitoring for the presence of ADL should be conducted in HIV/HBV coinfection. Particular attention and surveillance should be paid to those with the following risk factors: Whites, elder age (>50), and comorbidities of DM and HCV. These should be taken into consideration when approaching the development and treatment of ADL in HIV/HBV patients. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Mardhatillah, An Nisaa, Sri Tjahajawati i Irna Sufiawati. "Karakteristik pasien, jenis terapi, dan tingkat imunosupresi hasil terapi pada wanita penderita HIV/AIDS dengan kandidiasis oralPatient characteristics, type of therapy, and immunosuppression level of therapy outcomes in HIV/AIDS female patients with oral candidiasis". Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran 32, nr 2 (31.08.2020): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/jkg.v32i2.27552.

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Pendahuluan: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) adalah virus yang menyerang sel darah putih dan menyebabkan kumpulan gejala klinis yang disebut Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). HIV/AIDS menjadi faktor predisposisi infeksi kandidiasis oral. Ketidakadilan gender serta minimnya pengetahuan tentang kesehatan reproduksi dan hak seksualitas menyebabkan kerentanan penularan infeksi HIV/AIDS terhadap wanita. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik pasien, jenis terapi, dan tingkat imunosupresi pada wanita penderita HIV/AIDS dengan kandidiasis oral. Metode: Jenis penelitian deskriptif menggunakan data sekunder berupa rekam medis pasien HIV/AIDS tahun 2013-2017, dengan kriteria inklusi wanita penderita kandidiasis oral, terapi ARV, tingkat imunosupresi. berdasarkan jumlah sel T CD4. Kriteria eksklusi adalah penderita yang berhenti mengikuti penelitian sebelum selesai. Hasil: Terdapat 116 dari 328 (35%) pasien wanita penderita HIV/AIDS mengalami kandidiasis oral. Kelompok sosial mayoritas adalah ibu rumah tangga. Sejumlah 83 dari 84 sampel (99%) berada pada tingkat imunosupresi berat sebelum penerapan ARV. Jumlah wanita HIV/AIDS dengan kandidiasis oral terbanyak yaitu pada usia 20-30 tahun (44%), 68% berstatus ibu rumah tangga (atau tidak bekerja), dengan pendidikan terakhir mayoritas Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) sebanyak 53%, dan sebanyak 68% status pernikahannya menikah atau memiliki pasangan tetap. Simpulan: Sebagian besar wanita penderita HIV/AIDS mengalami infeksi oportunistik kandidiasis oral. Karakteristik wanita penderita HIV/AIDS adalah mayoritas berusia 20-30 tahun, memiliki tingkat pendidikan SMA, berasal dari kalangan ibu rumah tangga / tidak memiliki pekerjaan, dan memiliki status menikah atau memiliki pasangan tetap. Jenis terapi yang banyak diberikan adalah terapi ARV lini pertama. Tingkat imunosupresi pada wanita penderita HIV/AIDS dengan kandidiasis oral yang diberikan terapi ARV mayoritas masuk ke dalam kategori tingkat imunosupresi sedang.Kata kunci: Wanita, kandidiasis oral, HIV/AIDS. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that attacks white blood cells and causes several clinical symptoms called Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). HIV/AIDS is a predisposing factor for oral candidiasis infection. Gender inequality and lack of knowledge regarding reproductive health and sexuality rights lead to the vulnerability of HIV/AIDS infection in women. This study was aimed to determine the patient characteristics, type of therapy, and the immunosuppression level of therapy outcomes of the female patients with oral candidiasis. Methods: The research was descriptive using the secondary data from medical records of HIV-AIDS patients in the period of 2013-2017. Inclusion criteria were female patients with oral candidiasis, treated with ARV-type medication, immunosuppression based on the t-cell CD4 level. Results: There were 116 out of 328 (35%) HIV/AIDS female patients with oral candidiasis. The majority of the social groups were housewives. There was 83 out of 84 samples (99%) at the level of severe immunosuppression prior to the application of ARV medications. The highest number of HIV/AIDS female patients with oral candidiasis was at the age of 20-30 years (44%), 68% were housewives (or unoccupied), the majority of their last education was high school graduate (53%), and 68% of their marital status was married or had a permanent partner. Conclusion: Most HIV/AIDS female patients experience opportunistic infection (oral candidiasis). The patients’ characteristics were the majority in 20-30 years old age group, have a high school education level, homemakers / unoccupied, and have the marital status of married or had a permanent partner. The type of therapy mostly given was first-line ARV therapy. The majority of HIV / AIDS female patients with oral candidiasis who were given ARV therapy were in the moderate immunosuppression level.Keywords: Female, oral candidiasis, HIV/AIDS.

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Ramírez-Amador, Velia, Gabriela Anaya-Saavedra, Brenda Crabtree-Ramírez, Lilly Esquivel-Pedraza, Marcela Saeb-Lima i Juan Sierra-Madero. "Clinical Spectrum of Oral Secondary Syphilis in HIV-Infected Patients". Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases 2013 (17.12.2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/892427.

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Background. Oral lesions may constitute the first clinical manifestation in secondary syphilis, but detailed descriptions in HIV-infected individuals are scarce. Objective. To describe the clinical characteristics of oral secondary syphilis in HIV-infected patients and its relevance in the early diagnosis of syphilis. Methods. Twenty HIV/AIDS adult subjects with oral secondary syphilis lesions presenting at two HIV/AIDS referral centers in Mexico City (2003–2011) are described. An oral examination was performed by specialists in oral pathology and medicine; when possible, a punch biopsy was done, and Warthin-Starry stain and immunohistochemistry were completed. Intraoral herpes virus infection and erythematous candidosis were ruled out by cytological analysis. Diagnosis of oral syphilis was confirmed with positive nontreponemal test (VDRL), and, if possible, fluorescent treponemal antibody test. Results. Twenty male patients (median age 31.5, 21–59 years) with oral secondary syphilis lesions were included. Oral lesions were the first clinical sign of syphilis in 16 (80%) cases. Mucous patch was the most common oral manifestation (17, 85.5%), followed by shallow ulcers (2, 10%) and macular lesions (1, 5%). Conclusions. Due to the recent rise in HIV-syphilis coinfection, dental and medical practitioners should consider secondary syphilis in the differential diagnosis of oral lesions, particularly in HIV-infected patients.

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Nyagaka, Benuel, Stanslaus Kiilu Musyoki, Lucy Karani i Anthony Kebira Nyamache. "Characteristics and treatment outcomes of HIV infected elderly patients enrolled in Kisii Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kenya". African Health Sciences 20, nr 4 (16.12.2020): 1537–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v20i4.6.

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Background: A better understanding of the baseline characteristics of elderly people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) is relevant because the world’s HIV population is ageing. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the baseline characteristics of PLWHA aged ≥ 50years at recruitment to HIV/ AIDS clinic compared against the viral load (VL) and CD4 count among patients attending Kisii Teaching and Referral Hospital (KTRH), Kenya. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated temporal inclinations of CD4 levels, viral load change and baseline demographic characteristics in the electronic records at the hospital using a mixed error-component model for 1329 PLWHA attending clinic between January 2008 and December 2019. Results: Findings showed a significant difference in the comparison between baseline VL and WHO AIDS staging (p=0.026). Overall VL levels decreased over the period significantly by WHO AIDS staging (p<0.0001). Significant difference was ob- served by gender (p<0.0001), across age groups (p<0.0001) and baseline CD4 counts (p=0.003). There were significant differences in WHO staging by CD4 count >200cell/mm3 (p=0.048) and residence (p=0.001). Conclusion: Age, WHO AIDS staging, gender and residence are relevant parameters associated with viral load decline and CD4 count in elderly PLWHA. A noticeable VL suppression was attained confirming possible attainment of VL suppression among PLWHA under clinical care. Keywords: HIV infected elderly patients; Kisii Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kenya.

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Mosquera, Diana M., Julius Wilder, Alicia Ellis i Susanna Naggie. "301. Risk of Virologic Failure with Antiretroviral Switches in HIV/HCV Co-infections". Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (październik 2019): S162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.2506.

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Abstract Background Direct-acting antivirals (DAA) and antiretroviral (ARV) medications pose treatment challenges in HIV/HCV co-infection. Management of contraindicated combinations varies across practices. ARV switches may increase the risk of HIV virologic and treatment failure, and has been reported to increase the risk of DAA treatment failure. This analysis assesses how switches in ARV regimen impacts treatment outcomes in HIV/HCV co-infection. Methods This retrospective cohort study includes patients 18 years and older with stable HIV/HCV co-infection (HIV RNA<50 for ≥6 months) who received DAA HCV therapy. Data were obtained using the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems. The “ARV switch” cohort is defined as patients undergoing a switch in ARV regimen within 6 months prior to DAA treatment. The “no ARV switch” cohort was defined as patients without a change in ARV during the same time period. The primary outcome is HIV treatment failure which is a composite endpoint including HIV virologic failure (defined as confirmed loss of HIV viral suppression), discontinuation/change of ARV regimen, progression to AIDS, or death. We compared baseline characteristics, the proportion of patients free of HIV treatment failure, free of HIV virologic failure, and that achieved sustained viral response (SVR) at 12 and 24 weeks after DAA treatment among ARV switch and no ARV switch groups. Results Of the 256 patients, 63/256 (25%) underwent an ARV switch (Table 1). At baseline, the most common regimen in the ARV switch group was protease inhibitor (PI)-based while for the no ARV switch group, it was an integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-based regimen. HIV/HCV transmission risk factors, HCV genotype, and AST/ALT were similar among the two groups (Table 1). The proportion with HIV treatment and virologic failure, and the proportion achieving SVR12/24 were similar among the ARV switch and no ARV switch groups. Conclusion HIV treatment and virologic failure, and SVR12/24 were not different among patients who did or did not undergo a switch in their ARV regimen prior to DAA treatment. This suggests that switches in the ARV regimen for DAA treatment of HCV do not negatively impact HIV or HCV outcomes among patients with HIV/HCV Coinfection. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Eyer-Silva, Walter A., Carlos Alberto Basílio-de-Oliveira i Mariza G. Morgado. "HIV infection and AIDS in a small municipality in Southeast Brazil". Revista de Saúde Pública 39, nr 6 (grudzień 2005): 950–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89102005000600013.

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OBJECTIVE: Studies on the aspects of HIV infection in small Brazilian municipalities are invaluable to appropriately design control strategies, better allocate resources, and improve health care services. The objective of the study was to assess the clinical and epidemiological aspects of HIV infection in a small municipality. METHODS: A descriptive study was carried out in Miracema, a small municipality in the northwestern area of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between July 1999 and December 2003. All HIV-infected adult patients followed up at the local HIV/AIDS Program were included. Clinical and epidemiologic characteristics were prospectively assessed through standardized questionnaires. RESULTS: A total of 65 adult patients who attended the local HIV/AIDS Program were analyzed. Most (34) were women (male to female ratio: 0.9). An absolute predominance of patients who were born in Miracema or neighboring municipalities (94%), lived in Miracema (90.7%), were single (70.8%), attributed the acquisition of HIV infection to unprotected heterosexual intercourse (72.3%) and had a past history of snorting cocaine (27.7) was found Central nervous system disorders (including five cases of cryptococcal meningitis) and acute pulmonary pneumocystosis-like respiratory failure were major causes of morbidity. Most patients (56.9%) were at presented in advanced stages of HIV infection. CONCLUSIONS: The predominance of patients on advanced stages of HIV infection suggest the existence of a large pool of undiagnosed cases in the community. A major feature of the cohort was an inverted male to female ratio. Further investigations over a broader geographic area are urgently needed for better understanding the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of HIV infection in small Brazilian municipalities and rural areas.

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Zhang, Yurong, Esme Fuller-Thomson, Christine Anne Mitchell i Xiulan Zhang. "Older Adults with HIV/AIDS in Rural China". Open AIDS Journal 7, nr 1 (27.12.2013): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874613601307010051.

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Although the number of older people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) has increased substantially, few studies have focused on older PLWHA in developing countries. Based on a sample of 866 rural PLWHA in Henan, Anhui and Yunnan provinces in China, this study compares the characteristics of PLWHA aged 50 or older (n=185) with younger PLWHA (n=681). Most of the older PLWHA were female (n=112), illiterate, married and at the clinical stage of HIV. Over 90% of older people with HIV/AIDS lived in Henan and Anhui provinces. The severe epidemic in Henan and Anhui provinces was caused by commercial blood and plasma donation. Older PLWHA were less educated, received less social support and were more likely to live alone than younger PLWHA. The results underline the importance of developing programs and policy initiatives targeted at older people infected with HIV/AIDS. The policy and program recommendations include using a gender sensitive strategy, designing specific AIDS education and prevention programs suitable for low-literacy older adults and social support interventions for older PLWHA.

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Almeida, Sérgio M. de, George Savalla, Betina Mendez A. Gabardo, Clea Elisa Ribeiro, Andrea M. Rossoni i Josiane M. R. Araújo. "Acute bacterial meningitis in HIV, pacients in southern Brazil: Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil". Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 65, nr 2A (czerwiec 2007): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2007000200016.

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Acute communitarian bacterial meningitis and AIDS are prevalent infectious disease in Brazil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of acute communitarian bacterial meningitis in AIDS patients, the clinical and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) characteristics. It was reviewed the Health Department data from city of Curitiba, Southern Brazil, from 1996 to 2002. During this period, 32 patients with AIDS fulfilled criteria for acute bacterial meningitis, representing 0.84% of the AIDS cases and 1.85% of the cases of bacterial meningitis. S. pneumoniae was the most frequent bacteria isolated. The number of white blood cells and the percentage of neutrophils were higher and CSF glucose was lower in the group with no HIV co-infection (p 0.12; 0.008; 0.04 respectively). Bacteria not so common causing meningitis can occur among HIV infected patients. The high mortality rate among pneumococcus meningitis patients makes pneumococcus vaccination important.

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Rubin, Leah H., Deborah Gustafson, Kellie L. Hawkins, Long Zhang, Lisa P. Jacobson, James T. Becker, Cynthia A. Munro i in. "Midlife adiposity predicts cognitive decline in the prospective Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study". Neurology 93, nr 3 (14.06.2019): e261-e271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000007779.

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ObjectiveObesity is a common, modifiable cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk factor. Among people with HIV, obesity may contribute to multisystem dysregulation including cognitive impairment. We examined body mass index (BMI) and central obesity (waist circumference [WC]) in association with domain-specific cognitive function and 10-year cognitive decline in men with HIV infection (MWH) vs HIV-uninfected (HIV−) men.MethodsA total of 316 MWH and 656 HIV− Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study participants ≥40 years at baseline, with neuropsychological testing every 2 years and concurrent BMI and WC measurements, were included. MWH were included if taking ≥2 antiretroviral agents and had HIV-1 RNA <400 copies/mL at >80% of visits. Mixed-effects models included all visits from 1996 to 2015, stratified by HIV serostatus, and adjusted for sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics. At baseline and follow-up, 8% of MWH and 15% of HIV− men and 41% of MWH and 56% of HIV− men were ≥60 years, respectively.ResultsCross-sectionally, higher BMI was inversely associated with motor function in MWH and HIV− men, and attention/working memory in HIV− men. WC was inversely associated with motor function in MWH and HIV− men. Longitudinal associations indicated an obese BMI was associated with a less steep decline in motor function in MWH whereas in HIV− men, obesity was associated with a greater decline in motor function, learning, and memory. WC, or central obesity, showed similar patterns of associations.ConclusionHigher adiposity is associated with lower cognition cross-sectionally and greater cognitive decline, particularly in HIV− men. Overweight and obesity may be important predictors of neurologic outcomes and avenues for prevention and intervention.

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Agaba, Patricia Aladi, Eunice Digin, Rahila Makai, Labake Apena, Oche O. Agbaji, John A. Idoko, Rob Murphy i Phyllis Kanki. "Clinical characteristics and predictors of mortality in hospitalized HIV-infected Nigerians". Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 5, nr 05 (4.03.2011): 377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.1096.

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Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a chief cause of death in sub-Saharan Africa. In this study, the clinical characteristics and predictors of mortality among hospitalized HIV infected adult Nigerians are reported. Methodology: The records of 354 patients were reviewed for demographic and clinical characteristics. Predictors of mortality using logistic regression in a retrospective study were also reviewed. Results: A total of 109 (30.8%) males and 245 (69.2%) females participated in the study. The mean age of all participants was 35 ± 8 years. Median baseline CD4 cell counts and viral load were 91 cells/mm³ and 63,438 copies/ml respectively. There was a total of 123 (34.8%) deaths while 231 (65.2%) patients were discharged home. Tuberculosis (TB) was the most common diagnosis on admission as well as the leading cause of death. Among all subjects, only male gender (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 4.67, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.63-8.29); CD4 cell count ≤ 200 cells/mm3 (AOR 5.28, 95% CI: 2.99-9.31); length of hospital stay < 3 days (AOR 4.77, 95% CI: 1.35-16.86); and age ≥ 35 years (AOR 2.43, 95% CI: 1.41-4.19) were predictive of death. Conclusion: These findings illustrate the need for early diagnosis of HIV infection, appropriate treatment and prevention of opportunistic infections, and improved access to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).

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Puspitasari, Estie, Evy Yunihastuti, Iris Rengganis i Cleopas Martin Rumende. "Prediktor Mortalitas Pasien HIV/AIDS Rawat Inap". Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia 3, nr 1 (1.03.2016): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7454/jpdi.v3i1.29.

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Pendahuluan. Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) adalah masalah besar yang mengancam Indonesia dan banyak negara di seluruh dunia. Pengetahuan tentang karakteristik dan prediktor mortalitas dapat membantu dalam penatalaksanaan pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor prediktor mortalitas pasien HIV/AIDS dewasa yang dirawat di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM).Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kohort retrospektif pada pasien rawat inap dewasa RSCM yang didiagnosis HIV/ AIDS selama tahun 2011-2013. Data klinis dan laboratorium beserta status luaran (meninggal atau hidup) dan penyebab mortalitas selama perawatan diperoleh dari rekam medis. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-Square dilakukan pada tujuh variabel prognostik, yaitu jenis kelamin laki-laki, tidak dari rumah sakit rujukan, tidak pernah/putus terapi antiretroviral (ARV), stadium klinis WHO 4, kadar hemoglobin <10 g/dL, kadar eGFR <60 mL/min/1,73 m2 dan kadar CD4+ absolut ≤200 sel/ μL. Variabel yang memenuhi syarat akan disertakan pada analisis multivariat dengan regresi logistik.Hasil. Dari 606 pasien HIV/AIDS dewasa yang dirawat inap (median usia 32 tahun; laki-laki 64,2%), sebanyak 122 (20,1%) baru terdiagnosis HIV selama rawat dan 251 (41,5%) dalam terapi ARV. Median lama rawat adalah 11 (rentang 2 sampai 75) hari. Sebanyak 425 (70,1%) pasien dirawat karena infeksi oportunistik. Mortalitas selama perawatan sebesar 23,4% dengan mayoritas penyebabnya (92,3%) terkait AIDS. Prediktor independen mortalitas yang bermakna adalah stadium klinis WHO 4 (OR=6,440; IK 95% 3,701-11,203), kadar hemoglobin <10 g/dL (OR=1,542; IK 95% 1,015-2,343) dan laju filtrasi glomerulus (LFG) estimasi <60 mL/min/1,73 m2 (OR=3,414; IK 95% 1,821-6,402).Simpulan. Proporsi mortalitas selama perawatan sebesar 23,4%. Stadium klinis WHO 4, kadar hemoglobin <10 g/dL dan kadar eLFG <60 mL/min/1,73 m2 merupakan prediktor independen mortalitas pasien HIV/AIDS dewasa saat rawat inap.Kata kunci: HIV/AIDS, prediktor mortalitas Predictors of Mortality in Hospitalized HIV/AIDS PatientsIntroduction. Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a big problem that threatening in Indonesia and many countries in the world. The knowledge on the characteristics and prediction of outcome were important for patients management. There are no studies on the predictors of mortality in Indonesia. Methods. We performed a retrospective cohort study among hospitalized patients with HIV/AIDS in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital between 2011-2013. Datas on clinical, laboratory measurement, outcome (mortality) and causes of death during hospitalization were gathered from medical records. Bivariate analysis using Chi- Square test were used to evaluate seven prognostic factors (male sex, not came from referral hospital, never received/failed to continue antiretroviral therapy (ART), clinical WHO stage 4, hemoglobin level <10 g/dL, eGFR level <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and CD4+ count ≤200 cell/μL). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of mortality. Results. Among 606 hospitalized HIV/AIDS patients (median age 32 years; 64.2% males), 122 (20.1%) were newly diagnosed with HIV infection during the hospitalization and 251 (41.5%) had previously received ART. Median length of stay was 11 (range 2 to 75) days. There were 425 (70.1%) patients being hospitalized due to opportunistic infection. In-hospital mortality rate was 23.4% with majority (92.3%) due to AIDS related illnesses. The independent predictors of mortality in multivariate analysis were clinical WHO stage 4 (OR=6.440; 95% CI 3.701-11.203), hemoglobin level <10 g/dL (OR=1.542; 95% CI 1.015- 2.343) and eGFR level <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (OR=3.414; 95% CI 1.821-6.402). Conclusions. In-hospital mortality rate was 23.4%. Clinical WHO stage 4, hemoglobin level <10 g/dL and eGFR level <60 mL/ min/1.73 m2 were the independent predictors of in-hospital mortality among hospitalized patients with HIV/AIDS. Keywords: HIV/AIDS, predictors of mortality

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Okunji, Priscilla O., Johnnie Daniel i Saadatmand Frough. "The Relationship between Inpatient HIV/AIDS Characteristics and Hospital Charges: Use of Big Data". International Journal of Studies in Nursing 1, nr 1 (28.10.2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/ijsn.v1i1.79.

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With the adoption of Electronic Health Records (EHR) by acute care hospitals, research in biomedical field has become increasingly data-intensive as investigators are rapidly using large, complex, and diverse datasets. Big data to knowledge (BD2K) focus is to enhance the advances in data acquisition, analytics, policy, and training which are critically needed for the effective use of big data. Current information shows that minorities are more likely to be diagnosed with HIV infection compared to their white counterparts. There are few research studies on the association between hospital charges and inpatient HIV/AIDS characteristics. The goal of this study was to conduct an investigation on the association and the factors that affect hospital charges of inpatient HIV/AIDS adults with mental illness and behavioral disorders. An estimation of inpatients HIV/AIDS hospital charges was conducted by data extraction and analytics from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) Healthcare Costs and Utilization Program (HCUP) for 2007 and 2010. Regression analysis was used to test the study hypotheses. The critical ranking effects of variables were seen in the specific hierarchical association between the hospital charges and total number of procedures, hospital staff, total number of comorbidities, bipolar, and drug abuse. The outcome of our research could be used to support the advances in clinical data analytics, big data to knowledge (BD2K) and data science.

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Levine, Alexandra M., Lasika Seneviratne, Byron M. Espina, Amy Rock Wohl, Anil Tulpule, Bharat N. Nathwani i Parkash S. Gill. "Evolving characteristics of AIDS-related lymphoma". Blood 96, nr 13 (15.12.2000): 4084–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v96.13.4084.h8004084_4084_4090.

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Over time, the epidemiologic and demographic characteristics of AIDS have changed in the United States, while the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy has changed the natural history of the disease. The goal of the study was to ascertain any changes in the epidemiologic, immunologic, pathologic, or clinical characteristics of AIDS-related lymphoma (ARL) over the course of the AIDS epidemic. Records of 369 patients with ARL diagnosed or treated at a single institution from 1982 through 1998 were reviewed. Single institutional data were compared to population-based data from the County of Los Angeles. Significant changes in the demographic profile of patients with newly diagnosed ARL have occurred, with the later time intervals associated with a higher prevalence in women (P = .25), in Latino/Hispanic individuals (P < .0001), and in those who acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) heterosexually (P = .01). These changes were similar in both countywide, population-based analyses and in those from the single institution. The median CD4+ lymphocyte count at lymphoma diagnosis has decreased significantly over the years, from 177/dL in the earliest time period (1982-1986), to 53/dL in the last time period from 1995 to 1998 (P = .0006). The pathologic spectrum of disease has also changed, with a decrease in the prevalence of small noncleaved lymphoma (P = .0005) and an increase in diffuse large cell lymphoma (P < .0001). Despite changes in the use of antiretroviral or chemotherapy regimens, the median survival has not significantly changed.

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Silva, Ana Cristina de Oliveira e., Renata Karina Reis, Jordana Almeida Nogueira i Elucir Gir. "Quality of life, clinical characteristics and treatment adherence of people living with HIV/AIDS". Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 22, nr 6 (grudzień 2014): 994–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-1169.3534.2508.

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OBJECTIVES: to assess the quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS and verify its association with clinical characteristics and treatment adherence.METHOD: cross-sectional study conducted in a hospital in the state of Paraíba, Brazil. A questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and clinical data. The quality of life scale proposed by the World Health Organization and a questionnaire to measure treatment adherence were used.RESULTS: of the 314 interviewees, 190 (60.5%) were male, aged 43 years on average, 121 (38.5%) had attended up to five years of schooling, 108 (34.4%) received up to two times the minimum wage, and 112 (35.7%) were on sick leave. In regard to clinical variables, individuals with an undetectable viral load scored higher in all the domains concerning quality of life, with statistically significant differences in three domains. Regarding treatment adherence, 235 (73.8%) presented poor adherence and those who strictly adhered to treatment obtained better scores in quality of life. The results show that quality of life is better among individuals adherent to ART. Supporting people to adhere to the antiretroviral treatment should be a persistent task of healthcare workers and other people participating in the treatment, such as family members and friends.

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Levine, Alexandra M., Lasika Seneviratne, Byron M. Espina, Amy Rock Wohl, Anil Tulpule, Bharat N. Nathwani i Parkash S. Gill. "Evolving characteristics of AIDS-related lymphoma". Blood 96, nr 13 (15.12.2000): 4084–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v96.13.4084.

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Abstract Over time, the epidemiologic and demographic characteristics of AIDS have changed in the United States, while the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy has changed the natural history of the disease. The goal of the study was to ascertain any changes in the epidemiologic, immunologic, pathologic, or clinical characteristics of AIDS-related lymphoma (ARL) over the course of the AIDS epidemic. Records of 369 patients with ARL diagnosed or treated at a single institution from 1982 through 1998 were reviewed. Single institutional data were compared to population-based data from the County of Los Angeles. Significant changes in the demographic profile of patients with newly diagnosed ARL have occurred, with the later time intervals associated with a higher prevalence in women (P = .25), in Latino/Hispanic individuals (P < .0001), and in those who acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) heterosexually (P = .01). These changes were similar in both countywide, population-based analyses and in those from the single institution. The median CD4+ lymphocyte count at lymphoma diagnosis has decreased significantly over the years, from 177/dL in the earliest time period (1982-1986), to 53/dL in the last time period from 1995 to 1998 (P = .0006). The pathologic spectrum of disease has also changed, with a decrease in the prevalence of small noncleaved lymphoma (P = .0005) and an increase in diffuse large cell lymphoma (P < .0001). Despite changes in the use of antiretroviral or chemotherapy regimens, the median survival has not significantly changed.

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Brown, George R. "The Use of Methylphenidate for Cognitive Decline Associated with HIV Disease". International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 25, nr 1 (marzec 1995): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/72u2-fq94-rvk5-6j5c.

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Objective: Complaints of cognitive changes are often expressed by patients at all stages of HIV infection. Such changes include decreased memory and attention span, diminished concentration, apathy, and “slowing.” Methylphenidate (MPD) has been used in several clinical studies in men with late-stage HIV disease in an attempt to ameliorate these difficulties. The objectives of this review article are to review salient psychopharmacological characteristics of MPD and to describe the research and clinical literature supporting the use of MPD in patients at all stages of HIV infection. Methods: Seven studies, case reports, or abstracts from International Conferences on AIDS were available in the English literature through August, 1993, directly addressing the use of MPD in patients with HIV disease. Twenty-nine papers were reviewed for pharmacokinetic data, eighteen for safety and side effects issues, and seventeen for relevant contributions from the neuropsychological testing literature. Results: Studies in clinical settings have used doses ranges from 10–90 mg. per day in two or three divided doses with reportedly good results in improving both affective and cognitive symptoms associated with HIV disease. Side effects have been relatively mild and patient satisfaction with treatment has been high. However, no studies have been conducted in early stage HIV disease, where a significant minority of patients have similar complaints in the absence of clinically apparent immunosuppression. Likewise, placebo-controlled, dose-finding studies in AIDS patients are entirely lacking, and no studies in women with HIV disease and cognitive changes have been published. Conclusions: In spite of these important research shortcomings, clinical experience with MPD treatment of cognitive changes in men with HIV/AIDS is consistent with the notion that this medication holds significant promise to improve the quality of life for persons living with HIV/AIDS. Controlled studies to test this hypothesis are warranted.

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Arumugam, Elangovan, Vasna Joshua, Santhakumar Aridoss, Ganesh Balasubramanian, Nagaraj Jaganathasamy, Joseph K. David, Malathi Mathiyazhakan, Manikandan Natesan, Padmapriya VM i Pradeep Kumar. "Identifying Risk Factors and Spatial Clustering of HIV Infection Among Female Sex Workers in India". International Journal of Translational Medical Research and Public Health 5, nr 1 (17.03.2021): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21106/ijtmrph.145.

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Background: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in India is generally considered to be more concentrated, with the focus on high-risk groups including female sex workers (FSWs). The Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS), the first nationwide surveillance conducted during 2014-2015, collected many key indicators, including indicators related to HIV/STI transmission. The purpose of this study was to develop an index score for each domain surveyed and to identify focus areas for interventions among FSWs. Methods: The study population consisted of 27,007 FSWs. Forty high-risk related covariates of HIV/STI transmission, demographic characteristics, sexual history, condom practices, knowledge of HIV/STI and biological variables were considered. The original data set was examined using the correlation matrix and was reduced to 15 highly-correlated factors using principal component analysis. The factors were further improved using varimax rotation and the percentage of variation was used as weights to obtain the initial score for each domain, which were then standardized for comparison. Bartlett’s test of sphericity was examined before the factor extraction. Results: Six factors were extracted, which together explained about 73% of the total variation. The factors were: (1) more number of clients; (2) younger FSW and started selling sex at younger age; (3) experiencing condom breakage; (4) having occasional clients and poor HIV/AIDS knowledge; (5) illiteracy; and (6) a longer period of sex work. Six domains with an index score of above 80, from the states of Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Arunachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, and Jharkhand need greater intervention. Conclusion and Implications for Translation: FSWs’ current age, age at commencement of sex work, and the number of clients were the indicators most-associated with HIV infection. Therefore, program and policy interventions should focus on FSWs who are younger than <25 years, who started selling sex at <22 years, and who have >10 clients. Key words: • Female Sex Worker • Kriged Map • Factor Analysis • Principle Component Analysis • HIV • Sexually Transmitted Infections Copyright © 2021 Elangovan et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.

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Lukashova, L. V., I. A. Deev, Ye S. Kulikov, Yu K. Plotnikova, S. E. Skudarnov, O. Je Chernova, N. F. Abdullova i in. "Аntiretroviral therapy for HIV in clinical practice". HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders 12, nr 3 (12.11.2020): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22328/2077-9828-2020-12-3-59-68.

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Objective: this study aims to analyze the use of antiretroviral therapy and its efficacy in HIV-infected patients in 5 regions of Russian Federation.Materials and methods: the research protocol included a retrospective analysis of the regional Centers for the Prevention and Control of AIDS registers and medical records of patients. Inclusion criteria were a veriﬁed diagnosis of HIV infection. The ﬁrst group included patients (n=1161) receiving antiretroviral therapy regimens at the latest by 01/01/2015, the second group included patients with no antiretroviral therapy before 01/01/2015 (n=1366). The groups were compared with each other by socio-demographic indicators and characteristics of HIV infection, including infection routes, stage of the disease and its natural course.Results: Group I showed a higher prevalence of patients with an undetectable viral load (60,7%) comparing to group II (p<0,05) where a low (70,9%) and high (8,5%) viral load was observed. There was a dynamic decrease in patients’ numbers with severe immunodeﬁciency by 12.6% and an increase in the average amount of CD4+ in group I.

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Teague, A. Christine, i Sharon K. Parks. "Bacillary Angiomatosis in a Patient with AIDS". Annals of Pharmacotherapy 27, nr 11 (listopad 1993): 1378–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809302701112.

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OBJECTIVE: To report the clinical presentation and response to antimicrobial therapy of presumed bacillary angiomatosis in an AIDS patient. DESIGN: Single case report. SETTING: A 1058-bed, university teaching hospital. PATIENT: 28-year-old HIV-positive man (T4 lymphocyte count <3/mm3), who was diagnosed with AIDS in 1984. RESULTS: The skin lesions responded promptly to treatment with doxycycline and erythromycin. CONCLUSIONS: Bacillary angiomatosis is an infection that occurs with endstage AIDS. Skin lesions have recognizable characteristics and respond promptly to appropriate antibiotic therapy.

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Passos, Susane Müller Klug, i Luciano Dias de Mattos Souza. "An evaluation of quality of life and its determinants among people living with HIV/AIDS from Southern Brazil". Cadernos de Saúde Pública 31, nr 4 (kwiecień 2015): 800–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00000514.

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This cross-sectional study evaluated the quality of life and its associated factors among people living with HIV/AIDS at a regional reference center for the treatment of HIV/AIDS in southern Brazil. WHOQOL-HIV Bref, ASSIST 2.0, HAD Scale, and a questionnaire were used to assess 625 participants on quality of life, clinical and sociodemographic characteristics, drug use, depression and anxiety. Multivariate analysis was performed through linear regression. The lowest results for quality of life were associated with being female, age (< 47 years), low education levels, low socioeconomic class, unemployment, not having a stable relationship, signs of anxiety and depression, abuse or addiction of psychoactive substances, lack of perceived social support, never taking antiretroviral medication, lipodystrophy, comorbidities, HIV related hospitalizations and a CD4+ cell count less than 350. Psychosocial factors should be included in the physical and clinical evaluation given their strong association with quality of life domains.

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Karmakar, Suman, Surendra K. Sharma, Richa Vashishtha, Abhishek Sharma, Sanjay Ranjan, Deepak Gupta, Vishnubhatla Sreenivas, Sanjeev Sinha, Ashutosh Biswas i Vinay Gulati. "Clinical Characteristics of Tuberculosis-Associated Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in North Indian Population of HIV/AIDS Patients Receiving HAART". Clinical and Developmental Immunology 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/239021.

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Background & Objective. IRIS is an important complication that occurs during management of HIV-TB coinfection and it poses difficulty in diagnosis. Previous studies have reported variable incidence of IRIS. The present study was undertaken to describe the pattern of TB-associated IRIS using recently proposed consensus case-definitions for TB-IRIS for its use in resource-limited settings.Methods. A prospective analysis of ART-naïve adults started on HAART from November, 2008 to May, 2010 was done in a tertiary care hospital in north India. A total 224 patients divided into two groups, one with HIV-TB and the other with HIV alone, were followedup for a minimum period of 3 months. The diagnosis of TB was categorised as ‘‘definitive’’ and ‘‘probable’’.Results. Out of a total of 224 patients, 203 completed followup. Paradoxical TB-IRIS occurred in 5 of 123 (4%) HIV-TB patients while 6 of 80 (7.5%) HIV patients developed ART-associated TB. A reduction in plasma viral load was significantly (P=.016) associated with paradoxical TB-IRIS. No identifiable risk factors were associated with the development of ART-associated TB.Conclusion. The consensus case-definitions are useful tools in the diagnosis of TB-associated IRIS. High index of clinical suspicion is required for an early diagnosis.

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K. K., Santhosh Kumar, Narayanappa D., Ravi M. D. i Jagadish Kumar K. "Clinical spectrum of paediatric HIV infection in a tertiary care centre in South India". International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 5, nr 4 (22.06.2018): 1348. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20182497.

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Background: The global burden of paediatric HIV and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) remains a challenge for healthcare workers around the world, particularly in developing countries. The objective of this study is to describe the spectrum of HIV infection in children including the mode of transmission, clinical manifestations and opportunistic infections associated with HIV infection.Methods: Confirmed HIV seropositive children aged between 18 months to 19 years admitted to paediatric ward of JSS hospital, Mysore during two-year period were enrolled in this prospective observational study. Detailed history, socio-demographic characteristics and clinical manifestations were recorded in the predesigned performa. Nutritional assessment, complete physical, systemic and neurological examination was performed at the time of admission and was supplemented with ancillary investigations. Patients were correlated with modified WHO clinical case definition for AIDS and categorized as per revised CDC NABC classification of pediatric HIV infection.Results: Forty HIV-infected children were enrolled: with mean age of 4.5 years. Vertical transmission was the predominant mode of HIV transmission (97.5%). Most of the children were severely symptomatic belonging to category-C of NABC classification. Common clinical manifestations noted were failure to thrive (45%), recurrent respiratory infections (42%), bacterial skin infection (36%), recurrent otitis (42.5%), papulo-pruritic dermatitis (22%), hepatosplenomegaly (85%), lymphadenopathy (45%) and HIV encephalopathy (52%). The common opportunistic infections observed were pulmonary tuberculosis (45%), recurrent diarrhoea (35%), oral candidiasis (30%). The rare presentations of HIV noted were chronic thrombocytopenia and a case of dilated cardiomyopathy.Conclusions: Vertical transmission was the major route of HIV infection. HIV encephalopathy was more common among severely affected children. Tuberculosis was the commonest opportunistic infection.

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Mothe, Beatriz, Javier Ibarrondo, Anuska Llano i Christian Brander. "Virological, Immune and Host genetics Markers in the Control of HIV Infection". Disease Markers 27, nr 3-4 (2009): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/360362.

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HIV infection, if left untreated, leads in most cases to the development of wide immune deterioration, opportunistic infections and eventually AIDS and death. The identification of individuals who despite persisting infection show no or few signs of HIV disease progression has spurred hopes that an effective HIV vaccine could be attainable. The design of such a vaccine will greatly depend on the precise definition of disease markers, host genetic and immune characteristics that mediate relativein vivocontrol of this virus. Accordingly, a number of viral factors and host genetic characteristics have been shown to play a crucial role in the control of HIV disease by delaying progression to AIDS or even preventing infection. There is also an improved understanding of humoral and cellular immune responses in terms of specificity, functional repertoire, longevity and tissue distribution and their ability to contain HIV replication. However, the definition of good immune correlates unequivocally and causally associated with protection or disease progression remains elusive. Here we review work on viral factors, host genetic markers and immunological determinants that have been identified in individuals with superior control of HIV infection or in subjects who remain uninfected despite frequent exposure to the viral pathogen.

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Le, Phuong M., Phuong T. Nguyen, Huy V. Nguyen, Duc H. Bui, Son H. Vo, Nga V. Nguyen, Tien V. Nguyen i in. "Adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV and associated high-risk behaviours and clinical characteristics: A cross-sectional survey in Vietnam". International Journal of STD & AIDS 32, nr 10 (16.04.2021): 911–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09564624211002405.

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Although Vietnam has promoted the utilisation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) towards HIV elimination targets, adherence to treatment has remained under-investigated. We aimed to describe high-risk behaviours and clinical characteristics by adherence status and to identify the factors associated with non-adherence. We included 426 people living with HIV (PLWH) currently or previously involved in HAART. Most participants were men (75.4%), young (33.6 years), with low income and low education levels. Non-adherent PLWH (11.5%) were more likely to have a larger number of sex partners ( p-value = 0.053), sex without condom use ( p-value = 0.007) and not receive result at hospital or voluntary test centre ( p-value = 0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that demographic (education levels), sexual risk behaviours (multiple sex partners and sex without using condom) and clinical characteristics (time and facility at first time received HIV-positive result) were associated with HAART non-adherence. There are differences in associated factors between women (education levels and place of HIV testing) and men (multiple sex partners). Gender-specific programs, changing risky behaviours and reducing harms among PLWH may benefit adherence. We highlight the need to improve the quantity and quality of HIV/AIDS services in Vietnam, especially in pre- and post-test counselling, to achieve better HAART adherence, working towards ending AIDS in 2030.

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Renev, V. D., D. A. Lioznov, O. N. Leonova, A. V. Nekrasova i T. V. Antonova. "CLINICAL AND LABORATORY CHARACTERISTICS HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS WITH NEWLY DIAGNOSED KAPOSI’S SARCOMA". Journal Infectology 11, nr 1 (30.03.2019): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2019-11-1-53-57.

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Objective: to characterize the clinical and laboratory parameters of patients with HIV infection with newly diagnosed Kaposi’s sarcoma.Materials and methods. The analysis of clinical and laboratory data of 25 HIV-infected patients with newly diagnosed Kaposi’s sarcoma who were treated in the in-patient department of St. Petersburg Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases in 2009-2017Results. Ninety-two (n=23) patients were men. The median age at detecting HIV infection is 36 years. The manifestation age of Kaposi’s sarcoma is a median of 37 years. Elements of Kaposi’s sarcoma were located mainly on the skin of the lower and upper extremities, trunk, face and oral mucosa. Manifest CMV infection was registered in one patient, candidiasis of various localizations was found in 19 patients (76%), 2 of them also had one case of tuberculosis and toxoplasmosis. The viral load of HIV in the serum of patients upon admission to the hospital ranged from 26 159 to 2 755,549 copies/ml. The number of CD4 lymphocytes in the serum of patients is from 4 to 674 cells/μl. First-line antiretroviral drugs were prescribed to 20 (80%) patients, while the positive dynamics of sarcoma was observed in 8 patients. Four (16%) patients received antitumor treatment. The duration of hospitalization of patients ranged from 8 to 85 days (median 29). Twenty-one patients were discharged from the hospital, death was registered in 4 patients (16%).Conclusion. Characteristics of patients with HIV infection with newly diagnosed Kaposi’s sarcoma are: the predominance of males aged 30-39 years; skin lesions of the limbs and trunk in the debut of the clinical picture of sarcoma; laboratory signs of pronounced immunodeficiency (in 75% of patients, CD4 lymphocytes in the serum are less than 200 cells/μl); high viral load of HIV in serum (in 88% of patients more than 100 000 copies/ml); frequent combination with other opportunistic diseases.

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Boyd, Anders, Lorenza N. C. Dezanet, Raisha Kassime, Patrick Miailhes, Caroline Lascoux-Combe, Julie Chas, Pierre-Marie Girard i in. "Subclinical and Clinical Outcomes in Patients Coinfected With HIV and Chronic Hepatitis B Virus From Clinical Outpatient Centers in France: Protocol for an Ambispective, Longitudinal Cohort Study". JMIR Research Protocols 10, nr 4 (6.04.2021): e24731. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/24731.

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Background Previous large-scale studies have examined the effect of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection on overall and cause-specific mortality in individuals with HIV. However, few studies have collected data on the subclinical indicators of HBV that lead to these severe outcomes in the coinfected population. Objective In this study, we aim to describe the procedures of a cohort study extension aimed at assessing HBV-DNA replication, serological markers of HBV (hepatitis B e antigen [HBeAg] and hepatitis B surface antigen), and liver fibrosis and how these subclinical outcomes relate to mortality in predominately tenofovir-treated, coinfected patients with HIV-HBV. We assessed the characteristics at cohort inclusion of those who participated in the cohort extension, as well as those who did not participate due to being lost to follow-up or death. Methods Patients with HIV and chronic HBV who completed follow-up in a prospective cohort study conducted in 4 outpatient centers (Paris and Lyon, France; 2002-2011) were invited to participate in a cross-sectional visit from November 2016 to March 2018, during which a comprehensive evaluation of HIV- and HBV-related disease was undertaken. Virological and clinical data since the previous study visit were retrospectively collected. Results Of the 308 individuals enrolled in the cohort, 147 (47.7%) participated in the cross-sectional study. At this visit, most participants were HBeAg negative (111/134, 82.8% with available data), had undetectable HBV DNA (124/132, 93.9% with available data), and were undergoing antiretroviral therapy containing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate or tenofovir alafenamide (114/147, 77.6%). There were no significant differences in characteristics at cohort inclusion between those who did and did not complete the cross-sectional visit, except for a lower proportion with an AIDS-defining illness (30/147, 20.5% vs 49/161, 30.4%, respectively; P=.04). Of the 161 nonparticipating individuals, 42 (26.1%) died, 41 (25.4%) were lost to follow-up and known to be alive, and 78 (48.4%) were lost to follow-up with unknown vital status. Most differences in characteristics at cohort inclusion were observed between deceased individuals and those participating in the cross-sectional visit or those lost to follow-up. With this extension, the median follow-up time of the overall cohort is presently 9.2 years (IQR 3.4-14.6). Conclusions Extended follow-up of the French HIV-HBV cohort will provide important long-term data on the subclinical trajectory of HBV disease in the coinfected population. The biases due to the relatively high rate of those lost to follow-up need to be assessed in future studies of this cohort. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/24731

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