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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "History of the times (Choniates, Nicetas)"

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Kaiser, Wolfgang. "Zur Bedeutung von σύγκτησις bei byzantinischen Geschichtsschreibern". Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Romanistische Abteilung 138, nr 1 (1.06.2021): 540–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrgr-2021-0013.

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ΠΑΠΑΓΕΩΡΓΙΟΥ, Αγγελική Π. "Το Υπομνηστικόν του Μιχαήλ Χωνιάτη και οι καστρηνοί". BYZANTINA SYMMEIKTA 18 (19.12.2008): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/byzsym.351.

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<p><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; color: black; font-size: 11pt">MICHAEL CHONIATES’ </span><em><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; color: black; font-size: 11pt">ΥΠΟΜΝΗΣΤΙΚΟΝ</span></em><em><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; color: black; font-size: 11pt"> </span></em><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; color: black; font-size: 11pt">AND THE TERM <em>KASTRENOI</em></span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: black; font-size: 11pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></p><p><span style="line-height: 150%; color: black; font-size: 11pt"><font face="Times New Roman">The aim of this paper is to prove that the term <em>kastrenoi</em>, used by Michael Choniates, metropolitan of Athens, in the letter he addressed to the emperor Alexios III Angelos in 1198, denotes the inhabitants within the castle, i.e. the city. There are two different views on the subject, the one expressed by Sp. Lambros in the commentary to his edition of Michael Choniates’ work and the other by Professor Aik. Christophilopoulou. Both believe that the term <em>kastrenos </em>means a member of a military unit. The paper examines Michael Choniates’ passage, as well as other contemporary sources, which prove that the term <em>kastrenos </em>has no military meaning whatsoever, but refers solely to a group of people, usually of the upper class, living inside the walls of a fortified city.</font></span></p>
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Treadgold, Warren. "Byzantium in the Time of Troubles: The Continuation of the Chronicle of John Skylitzes (1057–1079). Introduction, Translation, and Notes by Eric McGeer with Prosopographical Index and Glossary of Terms by John W. Nesbitt. The Medieval Mediterranean: Peoples, Economies and Cultures, 400‐1500. Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2020, pp. xvi, 216, maps, ill." Mediaevistik 35, nr 1 (1.01.2022): 437–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/med.2022.01.87.

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Abstract The history of John Scylitzes (ca. 1040–after ca. 1105) has reached us in two versions, each of which is preserved in more than a dozen manuscripts. The first version, entitled Synopsis of Histories, covers the years from 811 to 1057. The second, entitled Epitome of History, includes some additions within this text and a continuation to 1079. One might have expected modern scholars to publish the later version as the standard text of Scylitzes’s history, as they have done with other Byzantine histories that appeared in two or more versions, like those of Michael Psellus, Michael Attaliates, and Nicetas Choniates. However, perhaps because Scylitzes’s history was originally published under the name of George Cedrenus, who copied only Scylitzes’s earlier version, the earlier version has been published and translated as the standard edition of Scylitzes, with the portion from 1057 to 1079 separately published and now translated as “Scylitzes Continuatus” or “the continuation of Scylitzes.” Although some scholars once doubted that this continuation was prepared by Scylitzes, the case for his authorship appears conclusive, as the present translator, Eric McGeer, explains in his excellent introduction.
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4

Dobyčina, Anastasia. "A “Divine Sanction” on the Revolt: The Cult of St. Demetrius of Thessalonica and the Uprising of Peter and Asen (1185–1186)". Studia Ceranea 2 (30.12.2012): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2084-140x.02.10.

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The paper examines the role of the cult of St. Demetrius of Thessalonica as a tool of maintaining legitimacy of the anti-Byzantine revolt in Tărnovo, 1185–1186, led by brothers Theodore-Peter and Asen-Belgun, which is viewed in the modern scholarship as a starting point of the history of the so-called Second Bulgarian Empire. Apart from the peculiarities of the official and popular veneration of St. Demetrius in Byzantium by the end of the 12th C., the main emphasis is made on the celebration, arranged in Tărnovo on St. Demetrius’ day, 1185, by Peter and Asen. The fact of the construction there of a special house of prayer in the name of the all-praised martyr Demetrius (Nicetas Choniates) and the presence of a certain icon of the saint as well as, probably, that of his relic, shedding the holy ointment, can be interpreted in terms of the concept of “hierotopy”, introduced recently by A. Lidov. At any rate, one can speak of attempting to replicate in Tărnovo the sacred space of the Thessalonican shrine of St. Demetrius in order to convince the Bulgarian rebels of the “true” presence of St. Demetrius among them. The parallel is drawn between the celebration in Tărnovo and another well-known “hierotopic project” of the late 12th cent., performed by prince Vsevolod III in Vladimir-on-Kljaz’ma, Russia, which also encompassed the construction of the church in the name of St. Demetrius, where his miracle- working relics from Thessalonica were housed. The similarity between the two “projects“ is obvious, but they must have been inspired by clearly different causes: if Vsevolod III tried only to raise the authority of his power to that of the grand princedom, being an absolutely legitimate ruler, then Peter and Asen had to justify the legitimacy of their own, questioning that of the Byzantine Empire.
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ΓΟΥΝΑΡΙΔΗΣ, Πάρις. "Ἡ χρονολογία τῆς ἀναγόρευσης καὶ τῆς στέψης τοῦ Θεοδώρου Α΄ τοῦ Λασκάρεως". BYZANTINA SYMMEIKTA 6 (29.09.1985): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/byzsym.697.

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<span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'"><p>P. Gounaridis</p><p>La date de la proclamation et du couronnement de Th&eacute;o&shy;dore I Laskaris<em>&nbsp;&nbsp;</em></p><p>L'&eacute;tude essaie d'&eacute;tablir la date de la proclamation et du couronnement du premier monarque de l'Etat de Nic&eacute;e Th&eacute;odore I Lascaris. La date de la proclamation pr&eacute;c&egrave;de d'une ann&eacute;e l'&eacute;loge que Nicetas Choniates a fait &agrave; Th&eacute;odore, quand ce dernier rentre d'une exp&eacute;dition. Cette exp&eacute;dition, dans l'&eacute;loge, est pr&eacute;sent&eacute;e comme une s&eacute;rie d'&eacute;v&eacute;nements sans interruption. En r&eacute;alit&eacute;, il s'agit de deux s&eacute;ries d'&eacute;v&eacute;nements s&eacute;par&eacute;es de quelques mois.</p><p>La premi&egrave;re s&eacute;rie est constitu&eacute;e des op&eacute;rations de Th&eacute;odore I contre David Comn&egrave;ne (occupation de Ploussias, si&egrave;ge d'Heracl&eacute;e) et l'inter&shy;vention des Latins de Constantinople en faveur de David. L'auteur d&eacute;montre que l'exp&eacute;dition des Latins en Asie Mineure pour divertir les forces de l'Etat de Nic&eacute;e du si&egrave;ge d'Heracl&eacute;e, n'est que l'exp&eacute;dition de l'empereur latin Henri d'Hainaut, rapport&eacute;e par Henri de Valenciennes. Cette exp&eacute;dition date du d&eacute;but de l'hiver de 1206/7.</p><p>La deuxi&egrave;me s&eacute;rie d'&eacute;v&eacute;nements se rapporte aux exp&eacute;ditions de Th&eacute;o&shy;dore contre les forces latines qui ont &eacute;t&eacute; install&eacute;es dans la r&eacute;gion de Nicom&eacute;die et finit par l'accord de tr&ecirc;ves entre le monarque de Nic&eacute;e et l'empereur latin en Mai/Juin 1207. L'auteur montre que: 1) la capture de Thierry de Los et de ses hommes, rapport&eacute;e par Villehardouin n'est que la victoire du g&eacute;n&eacute;ral de Th&eacute;odore I Andronic Gidos, victoire qui, dans l'&eacute;loge de Nicetas Choniates, est attribu&eacute;e au monarque de l'Etat nic&eacute;en. 2) L'expression de l'&eacute;loge &tau;ὸ&nu; &tau;&omicron;ῖ&chi;&omicron;&nu; ἐ&xi;&alpha;&lambda;&epsilon;ῖ&psi;&alpha;&iota; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &tau;&omicron;ὺ&sigmaf; &tau;&omicron;ῦ&tau;&omicron;&nu; ἀ&lambda;&epsilon;ί&phi;&omicron;&nu;&tau;&alpha;&sigmaf; est bien l'exigence de Th&eacute;odore I que les Latins d&eacute;truisent les ouvrages de d&eacute;fense construits dans la r&eacute;gion de Nicom&eacute;die, pour conclure les tr&ecirc;ves de Mai/Juin 1207. Or, l'&eacute;loge a &eacute;t&eacute; &eacute;crite au retour de Th&eacute;odore de cette exp&eacute;dition, et par cons&eacute;quent sa proclamation avait eu lieu une ann&eacute;e auparavant.</p><p>La datation du couronnement de Th&eacute;odore d&eacute;pend de la date de l'&eacute;le&shy;ction du patriarche Michel IV Aut&ocirc;reianos &agrave; Nic&eacute;e. L'auteur reconsid&egrave;re les raisons qui ont men&eacute; A. Heisenberg &agrave; exclure l'an 1207 comme date de l'&eacute;lection du patriarche. Ces raisons ne sont point convaincantes. En effet, Heisenberg, d'une part, exclut 1207 consid&eacute;rant que Nicolas Mesarites, l'&acirc;me du synode, &eacute;tant &agrave; Constantinople le 17 Mars 1207, pour prononcer l'&eacute;loge fun&egrave;bre de son fr&egrave;re, ne pouvait pas participer au synode, qui devait s'ouvrir le lendemain. D'autre part, il souligne que la situation qui dominait dans la r&eacute;gion de Nicom&eacute;die n'aurait pas permis &agrave; Th&eacute;odore I de proc&eacute;der aux n&eacute;cessaires pour l'&eacute;lection du patriarche. Par cons&eacute;quent, selon Heisenberg, l'&eacute;lection du patriarche a eu lieu l'ann&eacute;e suivante. Pour autant, il y a toute une s&eacute;rie d'indices qui montrent que l'&eacute;loge fun&egrave;bre avait &eacute;t&eacute; prononc&eacute; &agrave; Nic&eacute;e, devant ceux qui allaient participer au synode pour l'&eacute;lection du patriarche. Par ailleurs, pendant les premiers mois de 1207, il y a eu de grandes p&eacute;riodes de paix et Th&eacute;odore I pouvait tr&egrave;s bien faire &eacute;lire le patriarche. L'auteur montre l'urgence de l'&eacute;glise byzantine d'avoir &agrave; sa t&ecirc;te un patriarche byzantin. Il essaie d'&eacute;tablir la date de la lettre du clerg&eacute; de Constantinople &agrave; Th&eacute;odore I, pour l'&eacute;lection du patriarche &agrave; Nic&eacute;e. La lettre mentionne l'hostilit&eacute; des Seljucides, qui a cess&eacute; par la conclusion d'un trait&eacute; de paix entre Th&eacute;odore I et les autorit&eacute;s du Sultanat d'Iconion. Ce trait&eacute;, qui pr&eacute;servait les fronti&egrave;res orientales de l'Etat de Nic&eacute;e, aurait &eacute;t&eacute; conclu avant que Th&eacute;odore I entreprenne ses op&eacute;rations contre les Latins &agrave; Nicom&eacute;die. Donc, cette lettre a &eacute;t&eacute; &eacute;crite au d&eacute;but du ca&shy;r&ecirc;me de 1207, ann&eacute;e de l'&eacute;lection du patriarche et du couronnement du basileus. Selon toute probabilit&eacute;, le patriarche Michel IV aurait &eacute;t&eacute; intronis&eacute; le 25 Mars, le jour de l'annonciation, et le basileus Th&eacute;odore aurait &eacute;t&eacute; couronn&eacute; le 18 avril, le jour des P&acirc;ques.</p></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">d&rsquo;Heracl&eacute;e) et l&rsquo;inter&shy;vention des Latins de </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">Constantinople </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">en faveur de David. L&rsquo;auteur d&eacute;montre que l&rsquo;exp&eacute;dition des Latins en Asie Mineure pour divertir les forces de l&rsquo;Etat de Nic&eacute;e du si&egrave;ge d&rsquo;Heracl&eacute;e, n&rsquo;est que l&rsquo;exp&eacute;dition de l&rsquo;empereur latin Henri d&rsquo;Hainaut, rapport&eacute;e par Henri de </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">Valenciennes. </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">Cette exp&eacute;dition date du d&eacute;but de l&rsquo;hiver de </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">1206/7.</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">La deuxi&egrave;me s&eacute;rie d&rsquo;&eacute;v&eacute;nements se rapporte aux exp&eacute;ditions de Th&eacute;o&shy;dore contre les forces latines qui ont &eacute;t&eacute; install&eacute;es dans la r&eacute;gion de Nicom&eacute;die et finit par l&rsquo;accord de tr&ecirc;ves entre le monarque de Nic&eacute;e et l&rsquo;empereur latin en Mai/Juin </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">1207. </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">L&rsquo;auteur montre que: </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">1) </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">la capture de Thierry de Los et de ses hommes, rapport&eacute;e par Villehardouin n&rsquo;est que la victoire du g&eacute;n&eacute;ral de Th&eacute;odore </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">I </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">Andronic Gidos, victoire qui, dans l&rsquo;&eacute;loge de Nicetas Choniates, est attribu&eacute;e au monarque de l&rsquo;Etat nic&eacute;en. </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">2) </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">L&rsquo;expression de l&rsquo;&eacute;loge </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','serif'">&tau;ὸ&nu;</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','serif'"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','serif'">&tau;&omicron;ῖ&chi;&omicron;&nu;</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','serif'"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','serif'">ἐ&xi;&alpha;&lambda;&epsilon;ῖ&psi;&alpha;&iota;</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','serif'"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','serif'">&kappa;&alpha;ὶ</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','serif'"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','serif'">&tau;&omicron;ὺ&sigmaf;</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','serif'"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','serif'">&tau;&omicron;ῦ&tau;&omicron;&nu;</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','serif'"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','serif'">ἀ&lambda;&epsilon;ί&phi;&omicron;&nu;&tau;&alpha;&sigmaf;</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','serif'"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">est bien l&rsquo;exigence de Th&eacute;odore </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">I </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">que les Latins d&eacute;truisent les ouvrages de d&eacute;fense construits dans la r&eacute;gion de Nicom&eacute;die, pour conclure les tr&ecirc;ves de Mai/Juin </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">1207. </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">Or, l&rsquo;&eacute;loge a &eacute;t&eacute; &eacute;crite au retour de Th&eacute;odore de cette exp&eacute;dition, et par cons&eacute;quent sa proclamation avait eu lieu une ann&eacute;e auparavant.</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">La datation du couronnement de Th&eacute;odore d&eacute;pend de la date de l&rsquo;&eacute;le&shy;ction du patriarche Michel </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">IV </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">Aut&ocirc;reianos &agrave; Nic&eacute;e. L&rsquo;auteur reconsid&egrave;re les raisons qui ont men&eacute; A. </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">Heisenberg </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">&agrave; exclure l&rsquo;an </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">1207 </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">comme date de l&rsquo;&eacute;lection du patriarche. Ces raisons ne sont point convaincantes. En effet, </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">Heisenberg, </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">d&rsquo;une part, exclut </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">1207 </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">consid&eacute;rant que Nicolas Mesarites, l&rsquo;&acirc;me du synode, &eacute;tant &agrave; </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">Constantinople </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">le </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">17 </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">Mars </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">1207, </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">pour prononcer l&rsquo;&eacute;loge fun&egrave;bre de son fr&egrave;re, ne pouvait pas participer au synode, qui devait s&rsquo;ouvrir le lendemain. D&rsquo;autre part, il souligne que la situation qui dominait dans la r&eacute;gion de Nicom&eacute;die n&rsquo;aurait pas permis &agrave; Th&eacute;odore </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">I </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">de proc&eacute;der aux n&eacute;cessaires pour l&rsquo;&eacute;lection du patriarche. Par cons&eacute;quent, selon </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">Heisenberg, </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">l&rsquo;&eacute;lection du patriarche a eu lieu l&rsquo;ann&eacute;e suivante. Pour autant, il y a toute une s&eacute;rie d&rsquo;indices qui montrent que l&rsquo;&eacute;loge fun&egrave;bre avait &eacute;t&eacute; prononc&eacute; &agrave; Nic&eacute;e, devant ceux qui allaient participer au synode pour l&rsquo;&eacute;lection du patriarche. Par ailleurs, pendant les premiers mois de </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">1207, </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">il y a eu de grandes p&eacute;riodes de paix et Th&eacute;odore </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">I </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">pouvait tr&egrave;s bien faire &eacute;lire le patriarche. L&rsquo;auteur montre l&rsquo;urgence de l&rsquo;&eacute;glise byzantine d&rsquo;avoir &agrave; sa t&ecirc;te un patriarche byzantin. Il essaie d&rsquo;&eacute;tablir la date de la lettre du clerg&eacute; de </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">Constantinople </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">&agrave; Th&eacute;odore </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">I, </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">pour l&rsquo;&eacute;lection du patriarche &agrave; Nic&eacute;e. La lettre mentionne l&rsquo;hostilit&eacute; des Seljucides, qui a cess&eacute; par la conclusion d&rsquo;un trait&eacute; de paix entre Th&eacute;odore </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">I </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">et les autorit&eacute;s du Sultanat d&rsquo;Iconion. Ce trait&eacute;, qui pr&eacute;servait les fronti&egrave;res orientales de l&rsquo;Etat de Nic&eacute;e, aurait &eacute;t&eacute; conclu avant que Th&eacute;odore </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">I </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">entreprenne ses op&eacute;rations contre les Latins &agrave; Nicom&eacute;die. Donc, cette lettre a &eacute;t&eacute; &eacute;crite au d&eacute;but du ca&shy;r&ecirc;me de </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">1207, </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">ann&eacute;e de l&rsquo;&eacute;lection du patriarche et du couronnement du </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">basileus. </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">Selon toute probabilit&eacute;, le patriarche Michel </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">IV </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">aurait &eacute;t&eacute; intronis&eacute; le </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">25 </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">Mars, le jour de l&rsquo;annonciation, et le </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">basileus </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">Th&eacute;odore aurait &eacute;t&eacute; couronn&eacute; le </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">18 </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','sans-serif'">avril, le jour des P&acirc;ques.</span>
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Książki na temat "History of the times (Choniates, Nicetas)"

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Writing about Byzantium: The History of Niketas Choniates. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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Writing about Byzantium: The History of Niketas Choniates. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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Części książek na temat "History of the times (Choniates, Nicetas)"

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Zorzi, Niccolò. "Nicetas Choniates, History". W The Bloomsbury Reader in Christian-Muslim Relations, 600–1500. Bloomsbury Academic, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350214132.ch-36.

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Angold, Michael. "Laments by Nicetas Choniates and Others for the Fall of Constantinople in 1204". W Greek Laughter and Tears. Edinburgh University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474403795.003.0019.

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Nicetas Choniates’s History contains a famous lament for the fall of Constantinople in 1204 to the crusaders. It is beautifully phrased, but so conventional that it tells us very little about the emotional reaction of the Byzantines to a dreadful event. More interesting are the funeral orations delivered soon afterwards by survivors for those they had lost, because they mixed tears of grief over the departed, with tears of shame for the overthrow of Byzantium. In doing so, their authors, who were drawn from the highest ranks of the church and imperial administration, reveal the self-regard of the elite, which ran Byzantium. They could not understand how beings, as superior as they were, had been bested by a rabble of foreigners. At least, they knew they were not to blame. Their message was that they and their friends and relatives had displayed their moral and spiritual worth in the face of the indignities that were heaped upon them. They could see that this was God’s way of testing them for the failings of others. It was their duty as the guardians of Orthodoxy to lead the people of Byzantium through this challenge.
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Watts, Edward J. "The Captures of Constantinople". W The Eternal Decline and Fall of Rome, 178–91. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190076719.003.0015.

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The emperor Alexius I Comnenus took power while promising to restore the strength of a battered empire but, by the mid-1080s, the empire had lost even more territory in Asia Minor. Alexius had built a working relationship with pope Urban II and, in 1095, the pope organized the first Crusade. The Crusading movement did help the Romans recover lands in Asia Minor, but Roman interactions with Crusaders were often fraught. The tensions culminated in the capture of Constantinople by soldiers of the Fourth Crusade, an action that they justified on the grounds that Roman virtue and piety had declined. Even with the capital captured, the rhetoric of Roman renewal continued in works like the history of Nicetas Choniates. It first helped galvanize resistance to the Crusaders in the city of Nicaea and then, in 1261, it provided a platform to celebrate the emperor Michael Palaeologus after he recaptured Constantinople.
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