Artykuły w czasopismach: „History of human and social sciences”

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Osborne, Thomas. "History of the human sciences". Economy and Society 22, nr 3 (sierpień 1993): 345–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03085149300000023.

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Gharli, Imad. "History and Identity in Human Sciences". Journal of Humanities,Music and Dance, nr 21 (20.11.2021): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jhmd.21.1.25.

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The human sciences are defined as a group of cognitive activities related to the study of the human self through the language, the history, the social, political, cultural and economic interests. The humanities have never ceased to study experiences and activities related to human beings, who try to deepen human knowledge and develop human resources. This knowledge is closely related to human truth as a phenomenon capable of objective scientific study and the ability of these sciences to understand and explain the various human phenomena using multiple systems of research and experimental, psychological and philosophical methods ... and it is also among the research methodologies related to these sciences. The study of history is not an end in itself, but rather a means to deepen awareness and provide it with historical experiences that help it to see the present and its historical components, and to look at history and its readability as a sustainable state of development. All this made the study of history today a complex, multi-faceted study, where the profound transformations brought about by the information and communication revolutions and globalization caused the restructuring of various aspects of economic, political, civilizational, social and cultural life and the crystallization of the human identity ... That is why many believed that history holds the keys to understand the process of societal, cultural and ideological development and thus the most important forces that control the creation of the future, but today's reality requires intense awareness to prevent the disruption of human values, constants and inherited ties in a time of fear for the homeland, nation and identity.

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Savelsberg, Joachim J. "Writing Human Rights History—And Social Science Encounters". Law & Social Inquiry 38, nr 02 (2013): 512–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lsi.12017.

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This review essay on Aryeh Neier'sThe International Human Rights Movement:A History(Princeton University Press, 2012) discusses Neier's central themes: the origins and maturation of the movement and its effects, including the expansion of human rights and humanitarian law, enhanced criminal accountability for human rights crimes, and the appearance of criminal tribunals, culminating in the International Criminal Court. An overview is interspersed by imaginary conversations between Neier and scholars who speak to his themes, especially legal scholar Jenny Martinez, political scientists Margaret Keck and Kathryn Sikkink, historians Devin Pendas and Tomaz Jardim, and sociologists John Hagan, Daniel Levy, Natan Sznaider, Joachim Savelsberg, and Ryan D. King. Linking a practitioner's account with scholarly analyses yields some benefits of “Pasteur's Quadrant.”

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Smith, David R. "Social Science History Association". International Labor and Working-Class History 42 (1992): 96–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547900011297.

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Anderson, Margo. "Social Science History Association". International Labor and Working-Class History 40 (1991): 110–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547900001198.

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Roth, Randolph. "Scientific History and Experimental History". Journal of Interdisciplinary History 43, nr 3 (grudzień 2012): 443–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh_a_00425.

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The promise of scientific history and scientifically informed history is more modest today than it was in the nineteenth century, when a number of intellectuals hoped to transform history into a scientific mode of inquiry that would unite the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences, and reveal profound truths about human nature and destiny. But Edmund Russell in Evolutionary History and Jared Diamond and James A. Robinson in Natural Experiments of History demonstrate that historians can write interdisciplinary, comparative analyses using the strategies of nonexperimental natural science to search for deep patterns in human behavior and for correlates to those patterns that can lead to a better, though not infallible, understanding of historical causality.

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Chiang, Howard. "Ordering the social: History of the human sciences in modern China". History of Science 53, nr 1 (marzec 2015): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0073275314567431.

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ROSS, DOROTHY. "GETTING OVER IT? FROM THE SOCIAL TO THE HUMAN SCIENCES". Modern Intellectual History 11, nr 1 (5.03.2014): 191–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244313000383.

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The history of the social sciences in the United States—like many other fields of intellectual history—confirms John Dewey's observation: “Intellectual progress usually occurs through sheer abandonment of questions together with both of the alternatives they assume—an abandonment that results from their decreasing vitality and a change of urgent interest. We do not solve them: we get over them.” As Dewey suggests, two fine new books mark intellectual progress in the field through a change of generational interest. As he also implies, new perspectives leave important issues behind.1

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Hepple, L. "Context, Social Construction, and Statistics: Regression, Social Science, and Human Geography". Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 30, nr 2 (luty 1998): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a300225.

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In response to a paper by T J Barnes, published in 1998, the author accepts the same social-constructivist perspective, but argues that the structure of regression was not excessively constrained by its biometric origins. The history of regression and its use in the social sciences is examined, and the author argues that any assessment of regression in human geography must be set against this wider context.

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Geiger, Kim, Andrew Grossman i Roger Horowitz. "1994 Social Science History Association". International Labor and Working-Class History 48 (1995): 160–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014754790000541x.

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Murphy, Marjorie. "Social Science History Association Meeting". International Labor and Working-Class History 27 (1985): 110–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547900017257.

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Draper, Alan, i Philip Scranton. "European Social Science History Conference". International Labor and Working-Class History 51 (kwiecień 1997): 148–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547900002027.

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Tyler, Deborah, i David McCallum. "History of the human sciences special feature: introduction". Economy and Society 26, nr 2 (maj 1997): 159–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03085149700000009.

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Kissiya, Efilina. "Historical Relationships with Social Physicology". Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Terapan 2, nr 2 (30.07.2018): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/jbkt.v2i2.377.

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Historical, in addition to having auxiliary science in his knowledge, history also establish relationships with other sciences, especially fellow social sciences. In this connection what happens is a relationship of mutual need, herein lies the difference with the concept of science Auxiliary history, where a more dominant history in need of help to uncover a problem, more precisely we can call it with a combination of two social sciences. The development of post-World War II History shows a strong tendency to use the social sciences approach in historical studies. One of the basic ideas is that: the descriptive-narrative history is no longer satisfactory to explain complex problems or symptoms in the event of History. Psychology is very related to mental and psychological human. Humans who become the object of historical study is not just explained about the actions taken and what is caused by the action? why someone does that action? These questions pertain to the psychological condition in question. Conditions that can be caused by stimuli from the outside or the environment, can also from within himself. The use of social phsychology in history, gave birth to the focus of the study of the history of mentality.

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McGirr, Lisa. "Labor History at the Social Science History Association". International Labor and Working-Class History 46 (1994): 179–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014754790001098x.

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Hall, John A., Johan Goudsblom, E. L. Jones i Stephen Mennell. "Human History and Social Processes". British Journal of Sociology 42, nr 2 (czerwiec 1991): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/590383.

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ISAAC, JOEL. "TANGLED LOOPS: THEORY, HISTORY, AND THE HUMAN SCIENCES IN MODERN AMERICA". Modern Intellectual History 6, nr 2 (sierpień 2009): 397–424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244309002145.

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During the first two decades of the Cold War, a new kind of academic figure became prominent in American public life: the credentialed social scientist or expert in the sciences of administration who was also, to use the parlance of the time, a “man of affairs.” Some were academic high-fliers conscripted into government roles in which their intellectual and organizational talents could be exploited. McGeorge Bundy, Walt Rostow, and Robert McNamara are the archetypes of such persons. An overlapping group of scholars became policymakers and political advisers on issues ranging from social welfare provision to nation-building in emerging postcolonial states. Many of these men—and almost without exception they were men—were also consummate operators within the patronage system that grew up around American universities after World War II. Postwar leaders of the social and administrative sciences such as Talcott Parsons and Herbert Simon were skilled scientific brokers of just this sort: good “committee men,” grant-getters, proponents of interdisciplinary inquiry, and institution-builders. This hard-nosed, suit-wearing, business-like persona was connected to new, technologically refined forms of social science. No longer sage-like social philosophers or hardscrabble, number-crunching empiricists, academic human scientists portrayed themselves as possessors of tools and programs designed for precision social engineering. Antediluvian “social science” was eschewed in favour of mathematical, behavioural, and systems-based approaches to “human relations” such as operations research, behavioral science, game theory, systems theory, and cognitive science.

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Robinson, David K. "Inventing human science: Eighteenth-century domains; and open the social sciences: Report of the Gulbenkian commission on the restructuring of the social sciences". Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences 33, nr 4 (1997): 433–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6696(199723)33:4<433::aid-jhbs9>3.0.co;2-p.

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Sauer, Jim. "Philosophy and History in David Hume". Journal of Scottish Philosophy 4, nr 1 (marzec 2006): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jsp.2006.4.1.51.

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In this paper, I argue that there is a recursive relationship between history and philosophy that provides the methodological basis for the moral (human) sciences in the work of David Hume. A grasp of Hume's use of history is integral to understanding his project which I believe to be the establishment of “moral science” (i.e., the social sciences) on an empirical basis by linking that history and philosophy as two sides of the same discourse about human beings.

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Wei, Jiemin Tina. "Amazon Mechanical Turk: The Human Sciences’ Labor Problem". Labor 21, nr 3 (1.09.2024): 6–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15476715-11199970.

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Abstract This article investigates the rise of Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk), Amazon Web Services, Inc.’s crowdsourcing labor platform, in social science research since 2005. A new “digital sweatshop,” the platform hired online workers to do precarious, extremely low-wage tasks to support artificial intelligence (AI) and survey research, while effectively stripping workers of all protections except those they built for themselves. Bringing together labor history and the history of science through an investigation of MTurk, this article intervenes in the historiography bidirectionally. Interpreting research participation as work, it argues, first, that the history of knowledge production is a labor history. To understand the ensuing conflict between workers and researchers on the MTurk platform, one must understand its labor context. Their struggle lay at the intersection between social science's notion of ideal research subjects and the concerns, interests, and vulnerabilities of crowdsourced participants as a class of exploited and unprotected workers. This article asks, second, how the labor conditions of research subjects impacted the knowledge produced from them. As in other industries, dialectics of labor exploitation shaped (and spoiled) the knowledge products that digital piecework yielded. The “labor” being deskilled, in this case, was being human.

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Zainuddin, Zurahmah, Agustang Agustang i Ilham Laman. "KAJIAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN SOSIAL DAN ILMU SOSIAL SEBAGAI BAHAN MATERI IPS UNTUK SEKOLAH DASAR". Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar dan Keguruan 7, nr 2 (17.11.2022): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.47435/jpdk.v7i2.1122.

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Social studies and social sciences are interconnected. Both are related to basic human needs, then these basic needs can be achieved by basic human activities. Basic human activities include education, production and consumption, organization and government, protection and maintenance, aesthetics and recreation. All of them build social sciences. In the social sciences, it is classified into fields of science which include, among others, history, economics, political science, law, geography, anthropology, and social psychology. And in it there are facts, concepts, generalizations that were developed to build Social Sciences (IPS).

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Baldwin, Guy, Perry Chang i Louise A. Tilly. "Twentieth Social Science History Association Conference". International Labor and Working-Class History 50 (1996): 167–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014754790001334x.

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Maaba, Brown. "The Records of the Human Sciences Research Council". History in Africa 48 (czerwiec 2021): 397–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hia.2021.15.

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AbstractThe Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) is South Africa’s foremost non-teaching social science research body. In this paper, the author gives an overview of its records, recently uncovered in the institution’s building in Pretoria. To academics, policy makers, and all those interested in South Africa’s intellectual and institutional history, these records are important in seeking to understanding the HSRC itself and other apartheid institutions. In addition, exploration of its history can, amongst other things, help to shape policy in liberated South Africa towards higher educational and research institutions in the light of their historical legacy of apartheid and segregation. The author cautions that, as researchers embark upon exploring the history of the HSRC, they should avoid romanticizing it but rather confront its nuances and challenges head on.

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Roth, Randolph. "Is History a Process? Nonlinearity, Revitalization Theory, and the Central Metaphor of Social Science History". Social Science History 16, nr 2 (1992): 197–243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200016461.

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Process is a ubiquitous word in social science history. It appears dozens of times in such fundamental texts as Wallace 1969, Hershberg 1969, and Wolf 1982. Social science historians generally use it, as Berkhofer (1969: 169-87, 243-44) observes, to characterize the causes of change and persistence in human communities as organic or mechanical phenomena that are intelligible, general, systematic, repetitive, orderly, and similar in sequence. The concept of process is pivotal to our understanding of the daily flux of human interaction, the workings of institutions, the character of collective action, and the course of social evolution (Turner 1977; Wallace 1970: 165-206).

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Rystan, Zhanerke, i Aigul Tursynbayeva. "Historicism as a hermeneutic oriented approach to a history". Adam alemi 94, nr 4 (30.12.2022): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.48010/2022.4/1999-5849.02.

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In this article, we are trying to grasp the role of hisroricism in the understanding of epistemology in the late of XX century. From Bacon to enlightenment, it has been understood that the only criterion of science based on natural sciences. The extent of science has also been determined as study according to the method of the natural sciences, therefore the sciences concerned with history and society has also determined according to method of the natural sciences. In this article authors aims to introduce to movement called Historicism. Which is emerged in XIX century as a critical viewpoint against classical approach to the science. Most influential figure of this movement was German thinker Wilhelm Dilthey. Dilthey had an anti-positivist attitude towards the established methodology by natural science. Which was saying that in order to be a science every researcher must have rigorous set of rules and their research must based on experiment results, observable facts, and objective evidence. Starting from Dilthey and with help of other philosophical schools new movement called historicism starts its journey to establishing new methodology to human and social science. And this movement made a classification of science. They divided science into natural and spiritual science. Each of science has its own methods and object of study. They believed that to social and human study we cannot apply natural science methods of research due to it is not a physical or biological subject but it is social life and human destiny and history. Considering this process of change, is it possible to talk about historicism as a contemporary epistemological approach? As a methodology, can we talk about history in the separation of positive science? What is the subject of history in social and human sciences? By moving from this questions, we will try to understand the role of historicism in the contemprory philosophy on the hermeneutical phenomenological approach.

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Inwood, Brad, i Willard McCarty. "History and Human Nature". Interdisciplinary Science Reviews 35, nr 3-4 (grudzień 2010): 199–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/030801810x12786672846327.

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Gutmann, Myron P. "Beyond Social Science History: Population and Environment in the US Great Plains". Social Science History 42, nr 1 (2018): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2017.43.

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This article advocates for broadening social science history to include an even larger horizon, to reach a new level of understanding of human society in the past. It builds on and shares insights from 20 years of research that integrates environmental knowledge and environmental science into a history of social change, while trying to understand in detail how people changed the environment. The focus of the research is the demographic, social, agricultural, and environmental history of the US Great Plains, from the 1870s to the end of the twentieth century. Beyond supporting the argument for a broader interdisciplinary vision of history, the article shows how the Great Plains environment was changed by human action, and the ways that the environment shaped human behavior in turn. The history of the plains shows that the impact of human action on the land was dramatic and unmistakable. People radically changed land cover, but their actions were only one factor in causing events like the Dust Bowl, and only one part of the measurable increase in greenhouse gases. At the same time, the environment also constrained and shaped human behavior, even though it had less to do with family organization than broad trends in social change in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The environment's most dramatic contribution was to spur out-migration in the 1930s when drought caused widespread agricultural failure, further confirmation of the importance of going beyond purely social factors to understand how people lived in the past.

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Negou, Ernest, Marcellus Nkenganyi Fonkem, Jude Suh Abenwi i Ibrahima. "Qualitative Research Methodology in Social Sciences". International Journal of Scientific Research and Management (IJSRM) 11, nr 09 (1.09.2023): 1431–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v11i09.sh01.

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The objective of this study is to provide a guide to qualitative research methodology in social sciences. It is the result of the observation that research in Management Sciences in most Universities in Cameroon is still dominated by the quantitative approach supported by economists who handle most research methodology courses. In an environment of oral tradition and the difficulties to have access to data, emphasising purely quantitative research may leave aside many aspects of the environment and several areas of human behaviour that make its specificities. Therefore, there is a need to generalise the use of qualitative research to enable researchers to always have a good insight into phenomena not yet clarified before thinking of any generalisation which is the main objective of quantitative research: this gives room to the contextualisation of research which results can easily be applied in its context, thus, enhancing development.

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Wolfe, Alan. "The Two Faces of Social Science". Tocqueville Review 15, nr 1 (styczeń 1994): 19–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ttr.15.1.19.

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From biology in the late nineteenth century to information theory in the late twentieth, the social sciences have turned to the natural sciences for inspiration. Yet the expectations have never fully been satisfied. After more than one hundred years of effort, the ability of social scientists to say anything with certainty about human behavior is not very impressive. We remain close to where we started, developing theories, trying to test them against data, arguing about methodology, and disputing conclusions. The social sciences have neither the public legitimacy nor the self-confidence that comes from the practice of "real" science.

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Sörlin, Sverker. "The Contemporaneity of Environmental History: Negotiating Scholarship, Useful History, and the New Human Condition". Journal of Contemporary History 46, nr 3 (lipiec 2011): 610–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009411403298.

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Although a ‘product’ of the contemporary period, environmental history brings other disciplines, such as the natural sciences, to bear upon our understanding of contemporary history. It also expands our view of the contemporary era as one essentially linked to earlier epochs, linking twentieth-century ideas like the ‘environment’ to earlier special and cultural concepts. Environmental history complicates our view of contemporary history, challenging assumptions of modernization with narratives of decline and destruction. Environmental history, then, broadens our understanding of contemporary history, adding cultural, social, and scientific dimensions to deeply political issues.

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Hacker, P. M. S. "Philosophy: A Contribution, not to Human Knowledge, but to Human Understanding". Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 65 (październik 2009): 129–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1358246109990087.

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Throughout its history philosophy has been thought to be a member of a community of intellectual disciplines united by their common pursuit of knowledge. It has sometimes been thought to be the queen of the sciences, at other times merely their under-labourer. But irrespective of its social status, it was held to be a participant in the quest for knowledge – a cognitive discipline.

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Chibba, Michael. "Understanding human trafficking: perspectives from social science, security matters, business and human rights". Contemporary Social Science 9, nr 3 (25.10.2012): 311–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2012.727301.

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Brettell, Caroline B. "The Individual/Agent and Culture/Structure in the History of the Social Sciences". Social Science History 26, nr 3 (2002): 429–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200013043.

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In facing up to the problem of structure and agency social theorists are not just addressing crucial theoretical problems in the study of society, they are also confronting the most pressing social problem of the human condition.

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Ortolano, Guy. "Human Science or a Human Face? Social History and the “Two Cultures” Controversy". Journal of British Studies 43, nr 4 (październik 2004): 482–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/421929.

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Arenas, Ruben Dario Mendoza, Josefina Arimatea García Cruz, César Angel Durand Gonzales, José Luis Salazar Huarote, Josefrank Pernalete Lugo i Marisol Paola Delgado Baltazar. "Ibn Khaldun, Muqaddima: Outline on Conflict and Social Cohesion at the Dawn of Sociology or Social Theory". Journal of Law and Sustainable Development 11, nr 7 (25.09.2023): e1058. http://dx.doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v11i7.1058.

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Objective: To examine the foundations that govern human development, seen as an active subject of history, in the causes that motivate social facts and the mechanisms that move the threads of human relations of IBN Jaldun. Theoretical framework: The Muqaddima of Ibn Khaldun is a work where the author addresses topics as varied as the philosophy of history, economics, sociology and other sciences related to human behavior, from a unique perspective for his time. Results and discussion: If we dismiss the Eurocentric vision of the history of thought, it is possible to place Ibn Khaldun as a direct tributary of modern social thought, giving history a scientific character, defining its object of study and specifying the principles that should mark its methodology. Conclusion: In the development of his study, specifically in the Muqaddima, Ibn Khaldun elaborates a primitive theory on the development and origin of civilizations, having as a touchstone the Asabiya, a concept that today is comparable to social cohesion in sociology and an organicist theory about the rise and fall of empires. Research Implications: Ibn Khaldun distinguishes three moments in the development of a civilization, the first at birth where peoples are "humanized" and stand out for their moderation.

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Rees, Amanda. "Doing ‘Deep Big History’: Race, landscape and the humanity of H J Fleure (1877–1969)". History of the Human Sciences 32, nr 1 (luty 2019): 99–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695118807116.

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This article argues that current programmes in the human sciences which adopt a multi-disciplinary approach to history need to be wary of treating the knowledge of the natural sciences as being independent of social influence. Such efforts to do ‘Big History’, ‘Deep History’ or co-evolutionary history themselves have a past, and this article suggests that potential practitioners could benefit from considering that historical context. To that end, it explores the career of Herbert John Fleure, a scholar whose career defied disciplinary classification, but who was concerned to understand how the human past and present could be understood as they combined in the physical and social context of their production, and what they implied for the possibility of a human future. It concludes by arguing that Fleure’s major lesson for modern researchers is his confrontation of the contingent nature and political consequences of his conclusions.

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Allen, Garland E. "Eugenics and American social history, 1880–1950". Genome 31, nr 2 (15.01.1989): 885–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g89-156.

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Eugenics, the attempt to improve the human species socially through better breeding was a widespread and popular movement in the United States and Europe between 1910 and 1940; Eugenics was an attempt to use science (the newly discovered Mendelian laws of heredity) to solve social problems (crime, alcoholism, prostitution, rebelliousness), using trained experts. Eugenics gained much support from progressive reform thinkers, who sought to plan social development using expert knowledge in both the social and natural sciences. In eugenics, progressive reformers saw the opportunity to attack social problems efficiently by treating the cause (bad heredity) rather than the effect. Much of the impetus for social and economic reform came from class conflict in the period 1880–1930, resulting from industrialization, unemployment, working conditions, periodic depressions, and unionization. In response, the industrialist class adopted firmer measures of economic control (abandonment of laissez-faire principles), the principles of government regulation (interstate commerce, labor), and the cult of industrial efficiency. Eugenics was only one aspect of progressive reform, but as a scientific claim to explain the cause of social problems, it was a particularly powerful weapon in the arsenal of class conflict at the time.Key words: eugenics, social genetics.

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Hodgson, Geoffrey M. "The Concept of Emergence in Social Sciences: Its History and Importance". Emergence 2, nr 4 (grudzień 2000): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327000em0204_08.

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Morgan, Mary S., i Till Grüne-Yanoff. "Modeling Practices in the Social and Human Sciences. An Interdisciplinary Exchange". Perspectives on Science 21, nr 2 (czerwiec 2013): 143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/posc_a_00089.

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Turner, Charles. "The calling of the human sciences". Economy and Society 39, nr 2 (maj 2010): 303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03085141003620188.

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Ocampo, Socorro, i Francisco Vasquez-Vizoso. "Changing human reproduction: Social science perspectives". Social Science & Medicine 40, nr 12 (czerwiec 1995): 1741. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(95)90020-9.

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Minga, Katunga J. "African Discourses on the Africanization and Decolonization of Social and Human Sciences". Journal of Black Studies 52, nr 1 (13.09.2020): 50–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021934720957071.

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The purpose of this paper is to bring together some discourses from the authors of the books that made their marks in their days and from which we can learn more about the ongoing debate on decolonization and Africanization. Taking the historical perspective, first the paper builds its argument by showing how the current social science is still run according to the vestiges of orthodoxy. This is followed by a brief history of decolonial thoughts in Africa while the third point describes the challenges found in the recent debate on decolonization and leads to the conclusion that while the impact of this debate has been well documented, its discourses need to be retouched and supplemented before we could see its much bigger impact in Africa.

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Sterelny, Kim. "Innovation, life history and social networks in human evolution". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, nr 1803 (czerwiec 2020): 20190497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0497.

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There is a famous puzzle about the first 3 million years of archaeologically visible human technological history. The pace of change, of innovation and its uptake, is extraordinarily slow. In particular, the famous handaxes of the Acheulian technological tradition first appeared about 1.7 Ma, and persisted with little change until about 800 ka, perhaps even longer. In this paper, I will offer an explanation of that stasis based in the life history and network characteristics that we infer (on phylogenetic grounds) to have characterized earlier human species. The core ideas are that (i) especially in earlier periods of hominin evolution, we are likely to find archaeological traces only of widespread and persisting technologies and practices; (ii) the record is not a record of the rate of innovation, but the rate of innovations establishing in a landscape; (iii) innovations are extremely vulnerable to stochastic loss while confined to the communities in which they are made and established; (iv) the export of innovation from the local group is sharply constrained if there is a general pattern of hostility and suspicion between groups, or even if there is just little contact between adults of adjoining groups. That pattern is typical of great apes and likely, therefore, to have characterized at least early hominin social lives. Innovations are unlikely to spread by adult-to-adult interactions across community boundaries. (v) Chimpanzees and bonobos are characterized by male philopatry and subadult female dispersal; that is, therefore, the most likely early hominin pattern. If so, the only innovations at all likely to expand beyond the point of origin are those acquired by subadult females, and ones that can be expressed by those females, at high enough frequency and salience for them to spread, in the bands that the females join. These are very serious filters on the spread of innovation. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Life history and learning: how childhood, caregiving and old age shape cognition and culture in humans and other animals’.

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Kaurin, Dragoljub. "Cyclical theories of social change: Spengler and Toynbee". Sociologija 49, nr 4 (2007): 289–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc0704289k.

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This paper is centrally concerned with discussing critically and rethinking the theoretical concepts put forward by Oswald Spengler in Decline of the West and Arnold Toynbee in A Study of History. It focuses on the theoretical, heuristic and epistemological value of these theories in the era of renaissance of philosophic history in some quarters (see for example Graham, 2002) and cooperation between social sciences. Spengler is credited with the idea of historical cycles, rethinking of the progressivist view and discovering a radically different approach to the study of the human past, which is embodied in his idea of culture as the proper unit for historical and sociological study. However, some of his views proved to be intrinsically intellectually dubious, but on the whole, his was a major contribution to the study of social change. Arnold Toynbee on the other hand was more empirically and sociologically oriented, while Spengler?s views are more heavily philosophical. Toynbee partly developed his ideas rather consistently, but at the same time included many unclear and inaccurate points in his theory. Both authors can be rightfully considered to be classical authors in this field and both provided incentive for studies that cross-cut social sciences (philosophy, history, sociology). Moreover, Decline of the West and A Study of History are truly post-disciplinary works.

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Johansson, Lars-Göran. "Induction, Experimentation and Causation in the Social Sciences". Philosophies 6, nr 4 (16.12.2021): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/philosophies6040105.

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Inductive thinking is a universal human habit; we generalise from our experiences the best we can. The induction problem is to identify which observed regularities provide reasonable justification for inductive conclusions. In the natural sciences, we can often use strict laws in making successful inferences about unobserved states of affairs. In the social sciences, by contrast, we have no strict laws, only regularities which most often are conditioned on ceteris paribus clauses. This makes it much more difficult to make reliable inferences in the social sciences. In particular, we want knowledge about general causal relations in order to be able to determine what to do in order to achieve a certain state of affairs. Knowledge about causal relations that are also valid in the future requires experiments or so called ‘natural experiments’. Only knowledge derived from such experiences enable us to draw reasonably reliable inferences about how to act in order to achieve our goals.

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Diamond, Andrew, Lex Heerma van Voss i Priscilla Holcomb. "Labour History at the Twenty-Second Meeting of the Social Science History Association". International Labor and Working-Class History 54 (1998): 126–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547900006244.

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Durrington, Learne. "Localising Human Services: A History of Local Government Human Services in Victoria". Australian Social Work 62, nr 1 (marzec 2009): 123–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03124070902800505.

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Healy, Lynne M. "Exploring the history of social work as a human rights profession". International Social Work 51, nr 6 (listopad 2008): 735–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872808095247.

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English The IFSW has declared that social work is a human rights profession. This historical review explores social work contributions to human rights. The compatibility of principles, accomplishments of individual leaders and professional organizations' actions are examined, with particular focus on the period of adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. French La FITS a déclaré que le travail social est une profession des droits de l'homme. Cette revue historique explore les contributions du travail social aux droits de l'homme. La compatibilité des principes, les réalisations des leaders en tant qu'individus, et l'organisation professionnelle des actions sont examinées en portant une attention particulière à la période d'adoption de la Déclaration Universelle des Droits de l'Homme. Spanish La IFSW ha declarado que el trabajo social es una profesión de derechos humanos. Esta visión histórica explora las contribuciones del trabajo social a los derechos humanos. La compatibilidad de principios, los logros de líderes individuales y las acciones de la organización profesional son examinados con un énfasis particular en el período de adopción de la Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos.

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DeVault, Ileen A., i Sarah M. Henry. "Thirteenth Annual Meeting of the Social Science History Association". International Labor and Working-Class History 36 (1989): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547900009388.

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Rose, Sonya O. "Gender and Labor History: The nineteenth-century legacy". International Review of Social History 38, S1 (kwiecień 1993): 145–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000112349.

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All disciplines and sub-disciplines are defined through a series of inclusions and exclusions. They are based on specific assumptions and conventions that delineate their appropriate objects and methods of study. Historians, like scholars in other fields, including the so-called “natural sciences”, do not simply record some objective reality that exists independently of their taken-for-granted ideas about the nature of that reality. Rather, their decisions as to which subjects and events will be objects of study and how they will be conceptualized are shaped both by widely accepted philosophical tenets and common-sense understandings of the nature of human society.

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