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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "History – errors, inventions, etc"
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Faraj, Aso Mohammed, i Zryan Salar Hama Arif. "Badi az-Zaman Abu l-Izz Ismail ibn ar-Razaz al-Jazari(548-630AH/ 1153-1233AD) His Engineering innovations in Islamic civilization". Halabja University Journal 7, nr 3 (30.09.2022): 64–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32410/huj-10422.
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The Islamic civilization is one of the most important civilizations in history because it presented many innovations and scientists to human history. The greatness of Islamic civilization is reflected in the fact that it is a brilliant civilization in a universal religion under which many nations and peoples have developed. The pillars of this civilization are the scientists, including Kurdish scholars who play a significant role in this field.
In the present study, we discuss one of the inventive scholars of Islamic civilization who was of Kurdish descent. He is (Badi az-Zaman Abu l-Izz ibn Ismail ibn ar-Razaz Al-Jazari). He was a professional scholar who made many inventions through his initiative. He has collected all inventions in a manuscript called (El-câmi' beyne'l-ilm ve l-amel en-nâfi' fî es-sinaâ'ti'l-hiyel) in which he mentioned inventions in detail and explained all the inventions with pictures.
In the first section, we talked about his life, lineage, and origin. He was born on the Cizre (Jazira of Ibn Omar) at the end of the Abbasid era. He grew up and studied in the ancient cities of Kurdistan, also he completed all his works and inventions there. especially in the Kurdish city Diyarbakir, which was ruled by the Artuqid state.
Al jazari was a great scientist who had many works and inventions that were matchless in his time, we have devoted the second part to talk about the works and inventions which he has uniquely reached until that time, such as a robot and a water clock...etc. We have also referred to the statements of historians and orientalists who were impressed by these scientists' inventions, such as Donald Hill, Al-Dumaili, Sarton, etc.,.
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Lim 林宗台, Jongtae. "Joseph Needham in Korea, and Korea’s Position in the History of East Asian Science". East Asian Science, Technology and Society 14, nr 2 (27.04.2020): 393–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/18752160-8539397.
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Abstract As they were in other East Asian countries, Joseph Needham and his monumental works were warmly received by Korean historians of science in the late twentieth century. Korean historians appreciated both Needham’s pioneering research on the history of Chinese science and his praise of Korea’s contribution to East Asian scientific tradition, as expressed, for example, in the addenda to volume 3 of Science and Civilisation in China. But the Koreans’ praise of Needham was not unqualified. Needham’s largely favorable remarks on Korean science invited criticism from several prominent Korean historians who noted many factual errors, particularly relating to Korea’s priority over China in several technological inventions. They regarded those errors as indicative of Needham’s deep-rooted historiographical bias, his view of Korea as a mere tributary of China’s scientific tradition. But the Koreans’ criticism of Needham ironically shows that they agreed with the central tenets of Needham’s methodology of crediting scientific achievements to different civilizations, whereby to measure China’s contribution to what Needham termed “universal modern science.” The Koreans only scaled down the scope of comparison from the world of civilizations to a smaller region called East Asia, whereby to compare Korea’s share with that of China. This article thus takes the Korean criticism of Needham as an illuminating case, which invites us to think over a less explored issue in the history of East Asian science: how to write a balanced history of science in a region that is characterized by a stark disparity in power, resources, and achievements between China and its smaller neighbors.
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Verma, Sandhya, Anjum Parvez i Kumar Ashutosh. "Forensic science application: An effective tool of criminal investigations". IP International Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicological Sciences 7, nr 2 (15.07.2022): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfmts.2022.014.
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One of the most important inventions and development in the history of the human race is forensic science. Without having knowledge of forensic science, there would be a great negative effect on society as well as the judicial system. In the contemporary era, forensic science play a very important role in solving the crime problem. It provides better opportunities to the judicial system for solving the crime and in detection the criminal. The present judicial system of India comprise various modes of techniques including DNA Profiling, Brain-Fingerprinting, Narco-Analysis, Polygraph, DNA Fingerprinting, forensic DNA etc., which are proving very helpful in solving the crime problem. At present courts are taking these techniques in to consideration while delivering judgments.
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Parveen, Khalida, i Huma Akram. "Insight of Chinese culture by viewing historical picture of Qin Dynasty". Journal of Social Sciences Advancement 2, nr 1 (20.03.2021): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.52223/jssa21-020103-08.
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Over the centuries, China still respectfully treasures rich Asian cultures, traditions, and customs. China is now famous all over the world for its mysterious wonders and cultural & natural heritages such as the Great Wall, the Forbidden City, the Terracotta Army, etc. The Chinese history is full with the exposition of outstanding features of Chinese culture such as great thoughts of Confucius, religious beliefs, traditional festivals and customs e.g., Chinese new year, language and calligraphy e.g., Shu Fa, four great inventions of ancient China e.g., papermaking, printing, gunpowder and the compass, traditional architecture and sculpture, traditional art forms, etc. The era of history of China before the time in power of Qin dynasty is known by name as the period of Warring States. This period started from 475 BC and ends at 221 BC. Seven Warring States were included in it i.e. Qin, Wei, Han, Yan, Chu, Zhao, and Qi. Zheng was the King of Qin, who started his journey to triumph over 6 states in the period of 230 BC. Qin was the 1st emperor of this unified state of China. Thus he was known by the name of “First Emperor of Qin” or “Qin Shi Huang”. This study provides a deep insight of Chinese history and it is illustrated that major achievements in Chinese culture and history are contributed in the era of Qin dynasty.
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Mari, Tommaso. "The Grammarian Consentius on Errors Concerning the Accent in Spoken Latin". Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 59, nr 1-4 (25.09.2020): 623–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/068.2019.59.1-4.54.
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Summary:The 5th-century Gaulish grammarian Consentius wrote an extensive treatise on errors in spoken Latin. In the Roman grammatical tradition, errors in single words are deemed to arise by means of the improper addition, removal, substitution, and misplacement of one of the constitutive elements of the word (letter, syllable, quantity, accent, and aspiration). Late grammarians assumed that the four catego- ries of change applied to accents too, but only Consentius provided an example for each of these cases. However, his discussion poses some problems. The examples of removal, substitution and misplacement of an accent all concern the word orator and present oddities such as a circumflex accent on the antepe- nultimate syllable; they were clearly made up for the sake of completeness and have no bearing on our understanding of Vulgar Latin. On the other hand, the example of addition of an accent is tríginta, with retraction of the accent on the antepenultimate syllable; this must be genuine and fits in well with current reconstructions of most Romance continuations of Latin triginta (Italian trenta, French trente, etc.) and other vigesimals (uiginti, quadraginta, etc.).
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Sysoeva, Elena V. "History of Development of Engineering Support of Buildings and Thermal Insulation of Enclosing Structures". Issue 01-2024, nr 01-2024 (luty 2024): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33383/2023-072.
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The article considers the process of development of the main means of engineering support of buildings – lighting, heating, and ventilation. How over time and the development of science and technology improved ways to create a comfortable environment. The first artificial source of light and heat was the hearth. With the advent of torches and oil lamps, these functions separated and developed in parallel. At the same time, up to the 19th century, both heating (hypocausts, fireplaces, steam and water heating, etc.) and lighting (candles, gas lighting, etc.) were impossible without fire. Ventilation remained natural until the invention of the centrifugal fan in the nineteenth century. In parallel with the issue of heating, the issue of thermal insulation arose. When choosing building materials and structures, their availability in a given region, thermal characteristics and work in a given climate played an important role. The required level of thermal insulation was achieved by increasing the thickness of the wall, the size of the openings and their filling. In the era of the “Enlightenment” (17th – 18th centuries), there is a turning point in the understanding of the world. The “classical” sciences are developing actively and universities and engineering schools are opening. If earlier science and practice existed in parallel, now the inventions of scientists began to be implemented much faster. In the 19th century, electricity appears. This is another important point in the development of engineering. In the 21st century, it has almost completely replaced fire in human life (LEDs, LED, infrared and radiant heat, ventilation and air conditioning systems, etc.). A person no longer depends on nature. If in ancient times people sought to subdue it to himself then in the 21st century, the goal is to live in harmony with nature, which preservation and replenishment of the used resources is the search for environmentally friendly solutions without harm to humans and the environment.
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Osipov, A. I., Yu N. Bunin, S. Yu Kladov, A. S. Sokolov i A. D. Shnayder. "Causes of diagnostic pitfalls upon analysis results of «physicians’ causes»". Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 2, nr 2 (30.06.2003): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2003-2-56-61.
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130 criminal and civil cases had been maintained against physicians in Tomsk region within 1996—2002. There were pitfalls in diagnoses and wrong medical aid in 59 (45,4%) cases. Across diagnostic pitfalls, such as incomplete examination of patients, incomplete registration of laboratory results etc., there were methodological errors. It is known that diagnosis process proceeds in hypothesis form at all stages. While obtaining the history a physician is guided by suppositions arising during inquiring a patient. These suppositions are later verified in the process of an objective examination of the patient. Therefore the most frequent reasons of medical errors are the final diagnosis on the basis of the history and physicians’ inability to use the diagnostic suppositions while diagnosing at all stages. The majority of pitfalls has been made in diagnoses of appendicitis, stomach and duodenum perforated ulcer.
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Sabitov, Zhaxylyk M., Aida S. Margulan i Galiya A. Kambarbekova. "Comparative analysis of Juchid genealogies according to five lists of “Muizz al-Ansab”". Golden Horde Review 10, nr 4 (29.12.2022): 799–818. http://dx.doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2022-10-4.799-818.
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The purpose of the study is to study the genealogy of the Juchids according to the five lists in the «Muizz al-Ansab». The uniformity of the structure of the Muizz al-Ansab lists enables researchers to identify new data in the genealogical chains of the Juchid dynasty. Research materials. During the writing of this article, the researchers engaged in the search for, and collection of, five manuscripts of hte «Muizz al-Ansab». At present, two copies of the list No. 14306 and No. 467 are kept in the British Library in London, manuscript No. 67 is in the National Library of France in Paris, and the latest lists No. 41 and No. 42 are in India at the library of the Muslim University of Aligarh. These manuscripts were compiled in Persian in XV–XIX centuries and represent a genealogical tree of the descendants of Genghis Khan and Timur. Results and scientific novelty. This article presents the translation and analysis of five lists of the «Muizz al-Ansab» which have not been translated for various reasons. We found a large number of differences between the five lists of Muizz al Ansab. Also, unique information was found from different lists (about the daughter of Berke or the genealogy of the Golden Horde Khan Bekbolat, etc.). We also found errors in the lists of the «Muizz al Ansab». These include the erroneous genealogy of Arabshah, Abulkhair Khan, and their descendants, as well as errors in the genealogy of Dervish Khan.
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Artemiev, B. V., V. T. Bobrov, D. I. Galkin, A. G. Efimov, V. I. Matveev, O. E. Monahov i A. E. Shubochkin. "WE ARE PROUD OF OUR PAST, WE MAKE THE GLOBAL FUTURE. THE MAIN STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF INTROSCOPY". Kontrol'. Diagnostika, nr 258 (grudzień 2019): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/td.2019.12.pp.054-061.
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The short essay on the history, which begins in 1964, of the Research Scientific Institute of Introscopy (hereinafter referred to as the Institute) is presented. The main stages of the establishment and development of the Institute are considered. Over the years, dozens of world-famous scientists have worked in the Institute, more than 770 types of diagnostic devices and stationery equipment for all sectors of the national economy have been developed, more than 620 monographs and 3300 scientific articles have beenpublished, more than 5100 copyright certificates and patents for inventions have been registered. The Institute provided significant assistance in the establishment of Departments of Non-Destructive Testing at a number of universities in the Russia/USSR (MPEI, MIREA, etc.) for the training of high-ranking engineers in the field of non-destructive testing and introscopy. The devices and equipment invented and designed at the Institute were mass-produced at many enterprises in the Russia/USSR (Elektrotochpribor factory, Volna Production Association, Introscope JSC (Chisinau), Aktyubrentgen JSC factory (Aktobe), Tochpribor KhPO (Kharkov), Veda Production Association (Kiev), SKB Gazpriboravtomatika (Moscow), Kontrolpribor plant (Moscow),Sevkavrentgen plant (Maisky).
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Nachapkin, M. N. "“Letters to the Neighbors” by Conservative Publicist M. O. Menshikov as a Source on the History of Russian Everyday Life at the Beginning of 20th Century". Nauchnyi dialog, nr 5 (30.05.2020): 450–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2020-5-450-464.
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“Letters to neighbors” by M. O. Menshikov are analyzed by the author of the article as a historical and literary source. It is reported that in the first volume of “Letters to the Neighbors” the most important contradictions and problems of Russian life were considered, the unresolvedness of which led to revolutions of the beginning of the 20th century. It is noted that the journalism of M. O. Menshikov had a deep social orientation. It is shown that he attached great importance to the problems of poverty, social stratification, illiteracy, drunkenness, backward healthcare, a raw materials economy, and the contradictions of capitalism. It is emphasized that the publicist paid attention to the problem of human loneliness in society in the context of the implementation of new technical inventions (aviation, railways, telephone, etc.), reflected on the idea of increasing alienation between the people and the authorities. The author of the article points to the value and fairness of M. O. Menshikov’s judgments about the importance of considering the press as the most important institution of civil society, as well as the need to form a powerful middle class as the basis of civil society. The biography of M. O. Menshikov is considered, its place in the history of domestic conservatism is characterized.
Książki na temat "History – errors, inventions, etc"
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1948-, Harrold Francis B., i Eve Raymond A. 1946-, red. Cult archaeology and creationism: Understanding pseudoscientific beliefs about the past. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1987.
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Raphael, Samuel, Thompson Paul Richard 1935- i International Oral History Conference on "Myth and History" (6th : 1987 : St. John's College), red. The Myths we live by. London: Routledge, 1990.
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Shenkman, Richard. I love Paul Revere, whether he rode or not, Warren Harding: A new collection by the author of Legends, lies, & cherished myths of American history. New York, NY: HarperCollins, 1991.
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Shenkman, Richard. " I love Paul Revere, whether he rode or not," Warren Harding. New York: HaperPerennial, 1992.
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Shenkman, Richard. "I lovePaul Revere, whether he rode or not," Warren Harding. New York, NY: HarperPerennial, 1991.
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Shenkman, Richard. "I love Paul Revere, whether he rode or not," Warren Harding. New York, NY: HarperPerennial, 1991.
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Hughes, Gwyneth. Red empire: The forbidden history of the USSR. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1990.
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Hughes, Gwyneth. Red empire: The forbidden history of the USSR. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson in association with Granite Film and Television Productions and Yorkshire Television, 1990.
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Jauretche, Arturo. Manual de zonceras argentinas. Bs. As. [i.e. Buenos Aires]: Corregidor, 1992.
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Tuchman, Barbara Wertheim. The march of folly: From Troy to Vietnam. New York: Ballantine Books, 1985.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "History – errors, inventions, etc"
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Demkina, Svetlana M. "Plays by Gorky and German Theatre after 1945 (Based on the Material of the Museum of A.M. Gorky, A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences)". W Russia – Germany: Literary Encounters (after 1945), 241–49. A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/978-5-9208-0683-3-241-249.
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The article is devoted to the history of stage productions of plays by Gorky in Germany from 1945 to the 1980s. The directors’ inventions and a new view of the plays by the Russian dramatist are examined on the basis of the documents preserved in the Museum of A. M. Gorky of the Institute of World Literature, RAS: photographs, posters, newspapers etc.
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Khan, B. Zorina. "Conclusion". W Inventing Ideas, 382–412. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190936075.003.0014.
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The modern knowledge economy had its start in the United States when, for the first time in world history, an intellectual property clause was included in a national Constitution. This strong endorsement for property rights and decentralized markets in ideas reflected a revolution in thinking about the sources of creativity and economic progress, which conventional economic theories about innovation and growth have yet to fully capture. European administered innovation systems assumed that elites, scarce knowledge, and costly human capital inputs were the primary sources of useful ideas and productivity advances. Administered arrangements failed to induce inventions at appropriate prices, perpetuated errors because of a lack of monitoring and feedback, and were associated with rent-seeking and significant deadweight losses. By contrast, market-oriented policies in the United States generated increasing returns associated with its larger and more diverse population of inventors and useful ideas, which encouraged self-sustaining endogenous growth and a global technological advantage that has persisted for well over a century.
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Toura, Varvara, i Konstantinos Nikolantonakis. "Presentation of the first probability textbook in the newly established Greek State". W “DIG WHERE YOU STAND” 6. Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on the History of Mathematics Education, 87–99. WTM-Verlag Münster, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37626/ga9783959871686.0.07.
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The purpose of this paper is to present, describe and analyse the first book on probabilities in Greece, Elements of Probability Calculus and Theory of Errors, written by Periclis Rediadis as a process of dissemination of mathematical ideas from the “centre” (Europe) to the “periphery” (Greece). This article discusses the evolution of Probabilities in Modern Greek Education and investigates the author’s influences from probability books originating in France, Belgium and Germany. The first Greek textbooks mentioning Probability Theory are briefly presented (we focus mainly on the first three references to Probability, which were found in textbooks edited in 1888, 1893/1901 and 1908), and these findings are linked to external influences and internal peculiarities of the newly formed country. The article concludes with a general description of the oldest probability textbook published in the modern Greek state (1911) and it analyses of some indicative points in the last two chapters of the book, linking of each chapter’s content to previous manuals, Greek or foreign ones. The paper reflects the fact that the Calculus of Probabilities in Modern Greek Education arises not from pure mathematics but from teaching initiatives of technical education: Artillery, Topography and Experimental Physics compose the initial recruitment of the Probabilities at the turn of the 19th century. Furthermore, the first book was addressed to “the applied mathematical practitioners, officers, engineers, physicists, mathematicians, bankers, etc” as mentioned by the author on the cover page. Keywords: history, education, modern Greek state, probability textbook
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Kniazkova, Viktoria S. "Slovak Fiction in Czech Translations. Overview of the Current Situation". W Inter-Slavic cultural ties. Results and perspectives of research, 303–11. Institute of Slavic Studies RAS, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/0452-7.20.
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The article is devoted to the issue of translation of modern Slovak fiction into closely related Czech language. The article provides a brief overview of the history of the issue and emphasizes that the need to translate Slovak literature into Czech has been of concern to the scientific and translation community since the codification of the Slovak language. However, most researchers agree that translation is necessary, but the quality of translations needs to be improved. This article provides examples of the translation into Czech of works of modern Slovak authors such as M. Hvorecký, P. Vilikovský, M. Kopcsay, Balla, D. Kapitáňová, P. Pišťanek, etc. The most frequent errors caused by the negligent attitude of translators are considered. The article provides also examples of worthy translations into the Czech language, the high quality of which is provided by Czech translators who are writers themselves. In conclusion, it is summarized that a literary translation from Slovak into Czech is necessary not only for the convenience of the text perception by Czech readers, but to ensure a full edged literary impression.
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Gupta, Pawan. "Wounds, Fractures, Orthopaedics". W Oxford Assess and Progress: Emergency Medicine. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199599530.003.0018.
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A significant number of patients attending the ED are those who are often referred to as ‘minors’, ‘streamers’, ‘walking wounded’, etc. These include patients with minor injuries, wounds, fractures or other soft tissue injuries. Therefore, a basic knowledge of anatomy and its application in various circumstances is mandatory. The injuries mentioned above are rarely life-threatening, but they may be limb-threatening and severely disabling. So it is extremely important to avoid errors in diagnosis and management, and to know when to ask for help at the appropriate time. By following the key principles listed below, you will be able to avoid many problems with such patients: • In the history, a detailed description of the mechanism of injury and the patient’s complaint will help in predicting the type of injury sustained. • A careful and thorough physical examination can point to the site and type of injury, on the basis of which appropriate radiological images can then be requested. • A neurovascular examination must be completed and documented in every limb injury, before and after any reductions, and before and after immobilization. • Appropriate radiological imaging, accompanied by a thorough physical examination, can pick up injuries with a high degree of accuracy. Inadequate radiographic films should not be accepted. • Immobilize the patient if a fracture is clinically suspected even if the X-rays are negative. • In cases of dislocations or subluxations, X-rays should be done before and after reductions, except when a delay could be potentially harmful to the patient (for example, when a severe traumatic deformity of a joint threatens to jeopardize the viability of the overlying skin). • The patient should be able to mobilize safely before being discharged from the ED. • Patients should be given proper aftercare instructions before leaving the ED, including how to look after themselves and to recognize limb-threatening features, the follow-up arrangement, and to return if things go wrong. • Ask for senior help if you are not sure about an injury or its management.
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Yeager, Kenneth R., i Albert R. Roberts. "A Practical Approach to Formulating Evidence-Based Questions in Social Work". W Foundations of Evidence-Based Social Work Practice, 47–58. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195305944.003.0004.
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Abstract Leonard Gibbs (2002) in his chapter in Oxford’s Social Workers’ Desk Reference eloquently underscores the harm-reducing importance of formulating specific, well-built questions as a critical element in evidence-based clinical reasoning: The history of the helping professions provides many vivid examples of dedicated “helpers” who were harming . . . those whom they sought to help. Beyond any doubt, those professionals cared deeply about the children, aged persons, and clients whose troubled lives they sought to aid, but such caring, though vital and necessary, does not provide sufficient footing to assure success. Learning how to pose specific, well-built questions [e.g. related to adolescent suicide potential, child abuse risk assessment, etc.] as part of an evidence-based approach to practice can provide one approach to avoiding harm. . . . If we can learn how to pose specific questions from practice, we have a chance to find a specific answer, and conversely, if we do not learn how to pose specific questions from practice, how can we ever find specific answers? As Yogi Berra once said, “You’ve got to be careful if you don’t know where you’re going cause you might not get there.” . . . In summary, caring is a necessary but not a sufficient condition to avoid harm. Practitioners who learn how to pose specific questions about their practice, and who resolve to avoid common errors in practice reasoning, may better avoid harming those to whom they have dedicated their professional lives. Such practitioners can avoid consigning their clients to endure effects of repeated failure. (pp. 752, 755–756) On any given day, social workers engage in complex interactions with persons who present with unique mental health needs and problems in social functioning. Each clinical encounter will generate questions regarding the care of the individual, family, or group. Many of these questions will be difficult and beyond the means of the social worker to readily answer. Complex questions relating to specific needs of patients/clients as framed by their circumstance, illness, or environment may well require the application of an evidence-based approach. Social workers frequently work with high-risk, vulnerable, and special needs clients.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "History – errors, inventions, etc"
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Zhang, Xiao-Zhang. "Theory to Help the Use of Electromagnetic Flow Meters". W ASME 2002 Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Division Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2002-31064.
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Compared with other flow meters, the theory of electromagnetic flow meter is well developed. Until now, we are able to predict the three dimensional characteristics of this kind of flow meters with reasonable accuracy. This has given much help to the designers to improve the flow meters. On the other hand, the theory can offer a tool for the users of this kind of flow meters to judge the application situations, estimate the possible measurement error, etc. This paper introduces the recent work of the author on the theory of the electromagnetic flow meter. The basic physical conceptions and equations are given with a brief history review of the theory research. Several examples are given of using the theory to analyze the meters’ behavior in different application situations. They are: effect of the conducting pipe connections; errors caused by a pipe wall of different electromagnetic properties; gas-liquid flow and errors caused by a relative motion of the probe.
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Al-Mentheri, Khawla Abdulla, Faisal Salah Al-Jenaibi, Evgenii Gusarov i Maksim Kuzevanov. "Complex Dynamic Model History Matched through Utilize Smart Workflows". W ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211351-ms.
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Abstract Reservoir engineers tend to define a simulation model as "complex" when they have several of the following characteristics: Complex fluids schemes loaded with multi PVT's or EOS's data sets associated with lateral and vertical compositional changes that might cause massive fluids mobility and blends, which resulted in unpredictable production trends. Presence of tilted fluid contacts, buffer/tarmat zones, or other feature which increase the number of uncertain parameters and features. Each of which needs to be investigated individually to identify their impacts on field/wells levels history match profiles. Limited sources of data available with high levels of geological heterogeneity with multi-layers and patchy zones, which result in creating many thin layers that would tend to impact dynamic model performance. This paper is going to discuss the implementation steps and procedures utilized to history matching one of Abu Dhabi's complex onshore reservoirs model. This reservoir has high levels of unknown parameters with uncertainty. Our key objective is to achieve acceptable history match profiles which would be used for field development and optimization works. The second objective is to do this "quickly" in a more reasonable timeframe than is usually achieved. In this complex model case study, it would be attractive to use Assisted History Match technologies to create a smart loop which could assess and modify multi-parameters with a linkage between static and dynamic models. This might require several applications to deal with both static and dynamic models in parallel. Using smart workflows all the possible geological parameters subject for uncertainty analysis have been identified and scripted directly in the dynamic model data deck which accelerates parameter adjustment; this allows us to carry out hundreds of runs in a more time efficient and practical ways using one tool. Although this study started with thousands of uncertain parameters, we reduced the unknown parameters into two main groups (A) Global parameters that would influences overall model results, such as shape of Kr's curves per rock types, and (B) Region parameters that would influences only the selected unit and/or region, for example faults transmissibility. After completing the 1st pass runs to optimize global parameters, those parameters were frozen, and the 2nd pass runs were started for the region parameters. This loop is continued for several iterations until most of parameters stabilized. In order to get maximum benefits from the existing CPU's, it was decided to coarsen the dynamic model while adjusting grid cells properties without mislaying geological features to accelerate runs at the beginning of this project. By using smart workflows and a powerful AHM tool, it was easy to rank the converted models and to pick up the fewest representative cases that showed the lowest Objective Function errors. Several development scenarios were created, and these were used to assess multiple options, including: well objectives, configurations, and target locations with a single model. We then replicated that study on the rest of the converted models in order to check overall development risks envelopes (to assess production sustainability, pressure preserving, field max/min ranges of WCT and GOR, etc.….). This paper presents our successful workflows, which have been utilized for the first time to compile static and dynamic models variables under one platform i.e. (introduce both static and dynamic models variables through dynamic data deck file, including to modify oil saturation option around history match problematic wells by redefining their rock types per region(s) while preserving on match quality with Sw_log profiles), as results we have managed to generate several cases that show good outputs while reflecting wide uncertainty ranges.
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Zhang, Zhen, Xupeng He, Yiteng Li, Marwa AlSinan, Hyung Kwak i Hussein Hoteit. "Parameter Inversion in Geothermal Reservoir Using Markov Chain Monte Carlo and Deep Learning". W SPE Reservoir Simulation Conference. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/212185-ms.
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Abstract Traditional history-matching process suffers from non-uniqueness solutions, subsurface uncertainties, and high computational cost. This work proposes a robust history-matching workflow utilizing the Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) and Bidirectional Long-Short Term Memory (BiLSTM) network to perform history matching under uncertainties for geothermal resource development efficiently. There are mainly four steps. Step 1: Identifying uncertainty parameters. Step 2: The BiLSTM is built to map the nonlinear relationship between the key uncertainty parameters (e.g., injection rates, reservoir temperature, etc.) and time series outputs (temperature of producer). Bayesian optimization is used to automate the tuning process of the hyper-parameters. Step 3: The Bayesian MCMC is performed to inverse the uncertainty parameters. The BiLSTM is served as the forward model to reduce the computational expense. Step 4: If the errors of the predicted response between the high-fidelity model and Bayesian MCMC are high, we need to revisit the accuracy of the BiLSTM and the prior information on the uncertainty parameters. We demonstrate the proposed method using a 3D fractured geothermal reservoir, where the cold water is injected into a geothermal reservoir, and the energy is extracted by producing hot water in a producer. Results show that the proposed Bayesian MCMC and BiLSTM method can successfully inverse the uncertainty parameters with narrow uncertainties by comparing the inversed parameters and the ground truth. We then compare its superiority with models like PCE, Kriging, and SVR, and our method achieves the highest accuracy. We propose a Bayesian MCMC and BiLSTM-based history matching method for uncertainty parameters inversion and demonstrate its accuracy and robustness compared with other models. This approach provides an efficient and practical history-matching method for geothermal extraction with significant uncertainties.
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Bikass, S., B. Andersson i A. Pilipenko. "Uncertainties on HTC Measurement of Water Spray Quenching of Aluminum Alloys". W ASME/JSME 2011 8th Thermal Engineering Joint Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajtec2011-44185.
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Water spray cooling of profiles right after extrusion is critical for control over the mechanical properties of high strength alloys. To design the optimum distribution of spray, computer simulation is a powerful tool. For that purpose a quantification of the heat-transfer boundary conditions is challenging, especially as the heat transfer coefficient (HTC) changes with the surface temperature. It is possible to record temperature history during the quenching in laboratory/plant experiments and then HTC values can be calculated by means of inverse modeling. These values are applicable only if they are accurate enough. In this paper, it is assumed the maximum allowed tolerance for calculated HTC to be 5%. This work is based on the computer simulation of the real experiments with thermocouples installed inside the sample to estimate the heat flux at the surface of the sample as well as the sample surface temperature using heat transfer equations. Error sources are typically: inaccurate thermocouple positioning and contact quality, sample geometry, thermocouple accuracy and repeatability, thermal properties, initial temperature and etc. In this study, some of these errors and uncertainty sources are selected and their impact on calculated HTC values is investigated. Finally, maximum allowance for every parameter to achieve calculated HTC within ±5% is calculated. Since HTC is not constant but a curve vs. temperature, the calculated HTC values must be between two parallel curves which represent +5% and −5% of nominal HTC.
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Modisette, Jason P. "Minimizing Fuel Consumption of Crude and Products Pipelines Using Continuous-State Dynamic Programming". W 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10578.
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Dynamic programming (DP) has had a successful 40-year history in the field of optimizing pipeline operations so as to minimize fuel consumption. One of the drawbacks of DP is that it is usually based on a discrete representation of the possible states of each pump (or compressor) station. In reality, the station suction and discharge pressures and pump speeds might have any value from the least allowed operating pressure (LAOP) to the maximum allowed operating pressure (MAOP), they are not limited to a discrete mesh (e.g. 100 psi, 105 psi, 110 psi, etc.) This inaccuracy can lead to accumulated roundoff errors that become significant over the length of a pipeline, and can also cause the solver to be unnecessarily slow in order to achieve the desired accuracy. This article discusses a new approach to DP-based optimization that correctly represents the possible pressures as continua. There are two main advantages to this approach: the accuracy of the optimum can be enforced directly through adaptive mesh techniques that use a detailed description of the pressures where it is necessary, and the speed of the solver can be improved by using a less detailed description where the behavior of the system is linear. This paper discusses the theory behind the new method, compares this approach with the usual DP formulation, and talks about an installed application of this method to a crude-oil pipeline and a products pipeline.
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Luo, Huageng, Roengchai Chumai, Nicolas Peton, Brian Howard i Arun Menon. "Torsional Vibration Detection Using High Sampling Rate and High Resolution Keyphasor Information". W ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12367.
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Torsional vibration excitation in rotating machinery can cause system reliability issues or even catastrophic failures. Torsional vibration detection and monitoring becomes an important step in rotating machinery condition monitoring, especially for those machines driven by a variable frequency drive (VFD), a pulse width modulation motor (PWM), or a synchronous motor (SM), etc. Traditionally, the torsional vibration is detected by a phase demodulation process applied to the signals generated by tooth wheels or optical encoders. This demodulation based method has a few unfavorable issues: the installation of the tooth wheels needs to interrupt the machinery normal operation; the installation of the optical barcode is relatively easier, however, it suffers from short term survivability in harsh industrial environments. The geometric irregularities in the tooth wheel and the end discontinuity in the optical encoder will sometimes introduce overwhelming contaminations from shaft order response and its harmonics. In addition, the Hilbert Transform based phase demodulation technique has inevitable errors caused by the edge effect in FFT and IFFT analyses. Fortunately, in many industrial rotating machinery applications, the torsional vibration resonant frequency is usually low and the Keyphasor® and/or encoder for speed monitoring is readily available. Thus, it is feasible to use existing hardware for torsional vibration detection. In this paper, we present a signal processing approach which used the Keyphasor/encoder data digitized by a high sampling rate and high digitization resolution analog-to-digital (A/D) convertor to evaluate the torsional vibration directly. A wavelet decomposition (WD) based method was used to separate the torsional vibration from the shaft speed, so that the time history of the torsional vibrations can be extracted without significant distortions. The developed approach was then validated through a synchronous motor fan drive and an industrial power generation system. Detailed results are presented and discussed in this paper.
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Li, Dachang, Corneliu-Liviu Ionescu, Ivbade Thaddeus Ehighebolo, Byron Haynes Jr., Ainur Zhazbayeva, Bakyt Yergaliyeva i Luigi Francia. "Modeling and Simulation of Non-Darcy or Turbulent Flow for Oil Wells". W SPE Annual Caspian Technical Conference. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/212067-ms.
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Abstract Modeling and simulation of non-Darcy or turbulent flow are well documented in the literature and available in commercial reservoir simulators (E300, Intersect) only for gas wells rather than oil wells. There is a need to model non-Darcy or turbulent flow in reservoir simulation for oil wells in the carbonate reservoirs with highly connected and densely distributed fractures and karst. This paper proposes a new non-Darcy or turbulent flow modeling and simulation method for oil wells. Unlike the industry's existing methods for non-Darcy or turbulent flow that focus on the non-Darcy coefficient only, this paper presents a new method that models the ratio between non-Darcy and Darcy flows such that a unified model for a field or a region can be created, which significantly simplifies the non-Darcy or turbulent flow modeling process for multiple wells, especially for future wells. The ratio-based method is simple and comprehensive. It can be easily calibrated with MRT (multiple-rate test) data and implemented into in-house or commercial reservoir simulators using a simulator supported scripting language, e.g., Python etc. Kashagan is the world's largest oil reservoir discovered in the last 30 years that contains highly connected and densely distributed fractures and karst in its rim. The oil production rate for a well in the rim can be higher than several tens KSTB/D if it is not constrained by the facility. The current MRT data in all tested wells clearly show non-Darcy flow phenomenon and confirm that modeling non-Darcy flow is necessary to the field. Kashagan had experienced difficulties to match BHP (bottom hole pressure) and large errors in the blind test due to the OPEC's production curtailment and high-rate tests. Build-up pressure curves were miss-matched and HM (history match) of the crossflows (10 KSTB/D with less than 10 psi) in the bottomhole of a PLT (production logging tool) well during shut-in was challenging. Since modeling non-Darcy flow for oil wells in the commercial simulators, e.g., E300 and Intersect, is unavailable, the simulation team in NCOC has created a new method for the needs of non-Darcy modeling and simulation. The applications of the new method have resulted in the excellent results and solved the issues of history matching BHP, high/low-rate tests, build-up pressure trends, and bottomhole crossflows.
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Yu, John P., Chengwei Lei, Duncan Wong, Jason Choi i Jason Cotton. "Blockchain Applications in Oilfield Underground Injection Operations". W International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21786-ms.
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Abstract This research project has successfully built a Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) based prototype using R3 Corda open source. Its purpose applies in the oil & gas underground injection control (UIC) operations for the underground aquifer protection. This DLT prototype is a permissioned network that allows oil & gas companies to create, disseminate, and trace immutable records. The network enables oil and gas companies, government regulatory agency, and all other participants to share secure records such as well information while maintaining data integrity, traceability, and security. The purpose is to create a network of trust among all the stakeholders in the UIC processes for underground aquifer protection. In this DLT network, a company submits well information, which will be digitally signed and notarized. Unauthorized changes to the information, ownership, or history will become infeasible, thanks to the underlying cryptographic technologies of DLT. The network designs so that information stored and communicated will have a high level of trustworthiness. Every participant in the network can get simultaneous access to a common view of the data. Corda platform also provides multiple functionalities, e.g., Smart contract, Vault, Identity Management, Scheduler, Notary Services, etc. Many of the functionalities automate the data processing within the DLT databases. This project's results expect to enhance public safety and improve the aquifer protection review and operational processes. Kern County uniquely poises for a project to develop more streamlined, effective, and entirely digitized DLT-based workflows that will secure regional environmental data integrity. Water contamination is a primary concern in a region where water and petroleum play vital roles in the economy. Both industries and regulatory agencies pay close attention to environmental quality. Data integrity is a primary issue concern for those that monitor and analyze environmental data. Monitoring and forecasting based on available immutable data are imperative to mitigate complications. We have changed the manual workflow into DLT applications which takes advantage of built-in functionalities. The new review process can avoid repetitive reviews among all participants and shorten the approval time. The embedded smart contracts on the DLT network will also help automate the workflows, and therefore, will be able to help eliminate human errors and improve the turnaround time. The prototype model proves the concept of using DLT. Our research work demonstrates DLT successfully implement into energy technology. The prototype model will further expand to all the UIC processes, such as thermal, wastewater disposal, waterflood, gas injection & disposal, etc. It is a substantial cost and time savings for all the oil and gas companies. The results of this analysis could provide the government with valuable information for significant policy and regulation decisions to further benefit the community and society.
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Wray, Robert, James Kirk i Jeremiah Folsom-Kovarik. "Improving Common Ground in Human-Machine Teaming: Dimensions, Gaps, and Priorities". W 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001463.
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“Common ground” is the knowledge, facts, beliefs, etc. that are shared between participants in some joint activity. Much of human conversation concerns “grounding,” or ensuring that some assertion is actually shared between participants. Even for highly trained tasks, such teammates executing a military mission, each participant devotes attention to contributing new assertions, making adjustments based on the statements of others, offering potential repairs to resolve potential discrepancies in the common ground and so forth.In conversational interactions between humans and machines (or “agents”), this activity to build and to maintain a common ground is typically one-sided and fixed. It is one-sided because the human must do almost all the work of creating substantive common ground in the interaction. It is fixed because the agent does not adapt its understanding to what the human knows, prefers, and expects. Instead, the human must adapt to the agent. These limitations create burdensome cognitive demand, result in frustration and distrust in automation, and make the notion of an agent “teammate” seem an ambition far from reachable in today’s state-of-art. We are seeking to enable agents to more fully partner in building and maintaining common ground as well as to enable them to adapt their understanding of a joint activity. While “common ground” is often called out as a gap in human-machine teaming, there is not an extant, detailed analysis of the components of common ground and a mapping of these components to specific classes of functions (what specific agent capabilities is required to achieve common ground?) and deficits (what kinds of errors may arise when the functions are insufficient for a particular component of the common ground?). In this paper, we provide such an analysis, focusing on the requirements for human-machine teaming in a military context where interactions are task-oriented and generally well-trained.Drawing on the literature of human communication, we identify the components of information included in common ground. We identify three main axes: the temporal dimension of common ground and personal and communal common ground. The analysis further subdivides these distinctions, differentiating between aspects of the common ground such as personal history between participants, norms and expectations based on those norms, and the extent to which actions taken by participants in a human-machine interaction context are “public” events or not. Within each dimension, we also provide examples of specific issues that may arise due to problems due to lack of common ground related to a specific dimension. The analysis thus defines, at a more granular level than existing analyses, how specific categories of deficits in shared knowledge or processing differences manifests in misalignment in shared understanding. The paper both identifies specific challenges and prioritizes them according to acuteness of need. In other words, not all of the gaps require immediate attention to improve human-machine interaction. Further, the solution to specific issues may sometimes depend on solutions to other issues. As a consequence, this analysis facilitates greater understanding of how to attack issues in misalignment in both the nearer- and longer-terms.