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1

Prior, Joseph G. The historical critical method in Catholic exegesis. Roma: Pontificia Università gregoriana, 2001.

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Prior, Joseph G. The historical critical method in Catholic exegesis. Roma: Pontificia Università gregoriana, 2001.

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The interpretation of Scripture: In defense of the historical-critical method. New York: Paulist Press, 2008.

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Walter, Sundberg, red. The Bible in modern culture: Theology and historical-critical method from Spinoza to Käsemann. Grand Rapids, Mich: W.B. Eerdmans Pub. Co., 1995.

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Whitby, H. J. (Henry James), red. Life and ministry of Jesus: According to the historical and critical method : being a course of lectures. Chicago: Open Court, 1985.

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A critical study of the historical method of Samuel Rawson Gardiner: With an excursus on the historical conception of the Puritan revolution from Clarendon to Gardiner. St. Louis?: Washington University?, 1990.

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Critical and effective histories: Foucault's methods and historical sociology. London, United Kingdom: Routledge, 1994.

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Comparative theories and methods of international and development economics: A historical and critical survey. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2002.

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Corsi, Daniele, i Cèlia Nadal Pasqual. Studi Iberici. Dialoghi dall’Italia. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-505-6.

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Iberian Studies have developed in the last quarter of a century to the point of making one speak of a real Iberian Turn. Starting from the rejection of the classic scheme that places the two states (Portugal and Spain) as privileged agents of the representation of the Iberian space, the proposal of the Iberian Studies is to work on the system of historical exchanges and interferences that have shaped the cultural fabric of the peninsula, investigating both the points of connection as much as those of the fracture between its different realities (such as the Basque, Catalan and Galician ones, as well as the Castilian and Lusitanian ones). Accompanied by a “Reasoned Bibliography on Iberian Studies and Iberian Studies from Italy”, this volume examines the state of the art, with particular attention to the Italian context, in which these researches show a still unequal rooting and diffusion. A first section, dedicated to a general framework of the discipline and the exposition of theoretical issues and method problems, is followed by a second that presents critical contributions that address individual case studies. Born in part as a reaction to the so-called “crisis of Hispanism”, Iberian Studies offer themselves as an alternative to the traditional model of peninsular Hispanism, to its uninational and monolingual paradigm. They also place the emphasis on diversity and the relational aspect, looking with suspicion at every hegemonic design aimed at establishing a “centre” within a heterogeneous cultural landscape. Attentive to the phenomena of immigration and linguistic minorities, to the colonial past and relations with the Latin American world, but also to the themes of comparativism, translation, theory and the rethinking of criticism, Iberian Studies are a field in which not only debates about literature and the arts are included, but also about ideology.
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Law, David R. The Historical–Critical Method. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9780567701251.

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Historical Critical Analysis is the main way in which the Bible (both the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament and the New Testament) has been examined and read by scholars in the last century. The term refers to a range of methodologies which examine the origins of biblical texts, in relation to other contemporaneous texts, to form critical approaches and to questions of authorship, audience and authenticty. The aim is to get as close to the ‘original text’ and its ‘original meaning’ as possible. For many years Historical Critical Method has been the cornerstone upon which biblical scholarship is built, even as modern studies examine other theoretical approaches to reading the text in history, tradition, and from different audience perspectives the Historical Critical Method still presents the crucial starting point for students and scholars.
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11

Krentz, Edgar. The Historical-Critical Method. Wipf & Stock Publishers, 2002.

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12

Maier, Gerhard. End of the Historical-Critical Method. Wipf & Stock Publishers, 2001.

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Historical Critical Method A Guide For The Perplexed. T&T; Clark, 2012.

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Otto, Rudolph. Life And Ministry Of Jesus: According To The Historical And Critical Method. Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 2007.

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The Historical Critical Method in Catholic Exegesis (Tesi Gregoriana, Serie Theologia 50). Gregorian Univ Pr, 1999.

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Otto, Rudolph. Life And Ministry Of Jesus: According To The Historical And Critical Method. Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 2007.

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17

Henry Charles Lea's Historical Writings: A Critical Inquiry Into Their Method and Merit. Franklin Classics, 2018.

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Baumgarten, Paul Maria. Henry Charles Lea's Historical Writings: A Critical Inquiry into Their Method and Merit. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.

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Baumgarten, Paul Maria. Henry Charles Lea's Historical Writings: A Critical Inquiry into Their Method and Merit. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.

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20

Pandora's Box Opened: An Examination and Defense of Historical-Critical Method and its Master Practitioners. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2014.

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Life and Ministry of Jesus According to the Historical and Critical Method: According to the Histori. Franklin Classics, 2018.

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Otto, Rudolf. Life and Ministry of Jesus According to the Historical and Critical Method: According to the Histori. Franklin Classics Trade Press, 2018.

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Otto, Rudolf. Life and Ministry of Jesus According to the Historical and Critical Method: According to the Histori. Franklin Classics Trade Press, 2018.

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Kramer, Sina. Materialist History and Method. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190625986.003.0005.

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Chapter 5 argues that due to its retroactive character, any critique of constitutive exclusion must be retrospective: both materialist and historical. First, this critical method must be material as a means of releasing the possibilities sedimented in a political agency we often presume to be fixed, natural, and unified. It must also be material in order to orient our listening toward concrete conditions without reducing them to brute facticity and without romanticizing or fetishizing those constitutively excluded. Second, this critical method must also be retrospective or historical, because the retroactive temporality of constitutive exclusion leaves the current terrain of politics and intelligible political agency sedimented with multiple exclusions. By unearthing how things may have been otherwise, we release those sparks of resistance that they can still be otherwise.
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Woolf, Stuart. Italian Historical Writing. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199225996.003.0017.

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This chapter examines the relations between party and history in post-Fascist Italy, foregrounding Italy’s most distinctive contribution to post-war historical method—microstoria. Microhistory’s exponents have proposed a radical challenge, not only to the traditionally dominant form of writing history from the viewpoint of the state and ruling elites, but more fundamentally to the generalizing assumptions of the social sciences. Microhistorians place in doubt the basic conviction of historical positivism that political-institutional ‘facts’ constitute the subject matter of history, and that the archival documentation, subject to philologically appropriate methods, provides direct and reliable evidence. However, they are equally critical of the influence on historical interpretation of the functionalist presuppositions on which social scientists construct their theories of the normative systems that regulate societies and economies, and the macroconcepts that are deployed to explain historical change over time, such as capitalist transformation, the evolution of the modern state, progress, modernization, class, and so on.
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26

Dean, Mitchell. Critical and Effective Histories: Foucault's Methods and Historical Sociology. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.

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Dean, Mitchell. Critical and Effective Histories: Foucault's Methods and Historical Sociology. Taylor & Francis Group, 2002.

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Dean, Mitchell. Critical and Effective Histories: Foucault's Methods and Historical Sociology. Taylor & Francis Group, 2002.

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29

Dean, Mitchell. Critical and Effective Histories: Foucault's Methods and Historical Sociology. Taylor & Francis Group, 2002.

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30

Dean, Mitchell. Critical and Effective Histories: Foucault's Methods and Historical Sociology. Taylor & Francis Group, 2002.

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31

Forsdyke, Sara. Thucydides’ Historical Method. Redaktorzy Sara Forsdyke, Edith Foster i Ryan Balot. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199340385.013.1.

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This chapter shows how Thucydides’ rigorous critical method and literary artistry combine to produce an intellectually penetrating and emotionally gripping account of the past. For Thucydides, the key to accuracy is his interpretation of the facts. But he also wanted his readers to experience events as he perceived them and thereby also experience the validity of his interpretations. In addition to analyzing Thucydides’ goals, the essay also discusses Thucydides’ approach to chronology, the types of evidence and modes of reasoning that he uses, his understanding of human nature, his distinction between true and alleged causes, and his use of literary techniques such as vivid detail, dialogue, and the rhetorical figure of hyperbole.
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32

Berman, Joshua A. A Critical Intellectual History of the Historical-Critical Paradigm in Biblical Studies. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190658809.003.0012.

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This chapter seeks to understand the origins of the intellectual commitments that shape the discipline today, and its halting disposition toward empirical models of textual growth. It examines how theorists over three centuries have entertained the most fundamental questions concerning the goals and methods of historical-critical study of the Hebrew Bible. The axioms that governed nineteenth-century German scholarship were at a great divide from those that governed earlier historical-critical scholarship, such as that of Spinoza. From there, the chapter offers a brief summary of the claims of contemporary scholars who are looking toward empirical models to reconstruct the textual development of Hebrew scriptures. The chapter concludes by demonstrating how this vein of scholarship undermines an array of nineteenth-century intellectual assumptions, but would have been quite at home in the earlier periods of the discipline’s history, and calling for a return to Spinozan hermeneutics.
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33

Munck, Gerardo L., i David Collier. Critical Junctures and Historical Legacies: Insights and Methods for Comparative Social Science. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Incorporated, 2022.

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Munck, Gerardo L., i David Collier. Critical Junctures and Historical Legacies: Insights and Methods for Comparative Social Science. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Incorporated, 2022.

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35

Beck, Matthias, i Sara Melo. Quality Management and Managerialism in Healthcare: A Critical Historical Survey. Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.

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Beck, Matthias, i Sara Melo. Quality Management and Managerialism in Healthcare: A Critical Historical Survey. Palgrave Macmillan Limited, 2014.

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Monateri, Pier Giuseppe. Advanced Introduction to Comparative Legal Methods. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781789906165.

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Drawing on historical, normative, theoretical, and economic methodologies, Pier Giuseppe Monateri offers a fresh critical analysis of various dimensions of comparative law methods. Comprehensive and engaging with a multidisciplinary approach, this Advanced Introduction spans the fields of comparative legal studies, law and finance and global law.
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38

Bhat, P. Ishwara. Idea and Methods of Legal Research. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199493098.001.0001.

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Legal research examines subject matter enshrouded in social circumstances in order to conceptualize theories and prepare a future course of action. This dynamic, inter-disciplinary, and labyrinthine character of legal research requires researchers to be fluid, eclectic, and analytical in their approach. Idea and Methods of Legal Research unearths how the thinking process is to be streamlined in research, how a theme is built on the basis of comprehensive and intensive study, and the paths through which notions of objectivity, feminism, ethics, and purposive character of knowledge are to be understood. The book first explains the meaning, evolution, and scope of legal research, and discusses objectivity and ethics in legal research. It engages with the requirements, advantages, and limits of various doctrinal and non-doctrinal methods and tools, and the points to be considered in selecting a suitable method or combination of methods. It highlights analytical, historical, philosophical, comparative, qualitative, and quantitative methods of legal research. The book then goes on to discuss the use of multi-method legal research, policy research, action research, and feminist legal research and finally, reflects on research-based critical legal writing, as opposed to client-related legal writing. This book, thus, is a comprehensive answer to key questions one faces in legal research.
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Caramani, Daniele, red. Comparative Politics. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198820604.001.0001.

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Comparative Politics provides an introduction to the field. Comparative politics is an empirical science that deals primarily with domestic politics. It is one of the three main subfields of political science, alongside international relations and political theory. The text provides a comprehensive introduction to comparative politics. It includes three chapters dedicated to familiarizing readers with the comparative approach, discussing substance as well as method. It then guides readers through a thematically organized, comprehensive analysis of the core methods, theories, and concepts in comparative politics. Empirical data is drawn on to demonstrate key similarities and differences of political systems in practice. Increased focus is given to the Global South and its path towards democratization. At the end of each chapter, there are questions designed to encourage critical thinking. The six sections of the work deal with: theories and methods; the historical context; structures and institutions; actors and processes; public policies; and beyond the nation-state.
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Berman, Joshua A. The Abuses of Negation, Bisection, and Suppression in the Dating of Biblical Texts: The Rescue of Moses (Exodus 2:1–10). Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190658809.003.0013.

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This chapter continues and deepens the critique of current historical-critical biblical scholarship put forth in earlier chapters as well. It maintains that the scholarly aim of clearly delineating layers in a text, and then dating them definitively, unwittingly leads to three malpractices of historical-critical method. In handling complex evidence in a reductive fashion, scholars routinely engage in these three erroneous scholarly practices, which are here called the undue negation of evidence, the suppression of evidence, and the forced bisection of a text. These fallacies are illustrated by examples from scholarship on the account of the rescue of Moses, which reveals affinities with a wide array of cognate sources.
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Berman, Joshua A. Inconsistency in the Torah. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190658809.001.0001.

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This book proposes a new approach to the Pentateuch’s narrative and legal inconsistencies that scholars have taken as signs of fragmentation and competing agendas. Recent studies of the scribal culture of the ancient Near East reveal that the models of textual growth hypothesized by biblicists often find no basis in the empirical evidence of these neighboring cultures. It reveals precursors for a variety of Pentateuchal inconsistencies in the narrative literature of the ancient Near East, deliberately deployed by a single agent. It explores the inconsistencies between the Pentateuch’s law corpora and arguing the view that these collections conflict with one another rests on an anachronistic understanding of ancient Near Eastern and biblical law as statutory law. It maintains that the historical critical approach to the Pentateuch has relied upon scholarly intuition concerning the inconsistencies found in the text. The recent pivot to empirical models constitutes a major challenge to traditional historical-critical method, mandating a review of its premises. The book includes a critical intellectual history of the theories of textual growth in biblical studies tracing how critics were influenced first by the fascination with science in the eighteenth century and then by Romanticism and Historicism in the nineteenth. These movements unwittingly led the field to adopt a range of commitments and interests that impede the proper execution of historical critical method in the study of the Pentateuch. It concludes by advocating a return to the hermeneutics of Spinoza and adopting a methodologically modest agenda.
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42

Brueggemann, Walter. Futures in Prophetic Studies. Redaktor Carolyn J. Sharp. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199859559.013.36.

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This chapter, in a personal way, considers some methodological moves in this discipline beyond historical criticism, for example, post-critical reading, post-colonial interpretation, and reception history. The interest of the chapter, however, is the interpretive theological outcomes of such methods, and why the text continues to matter theologically in a culture of denial and despair. Clearly these newer methods allow for significant interpretive outcomes in a way that older historical critical practice could not. The author anticipates that in time to come, more courageous interpretation of prophetic texts will more readily make that move toward contemporaneity that the text seems always to anticipate.
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43

Arras, John. Methods in Bioethics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190665982.001.0001.

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This book provides an overview and critical discussion of the main philosophical methods that have dominated the field of bioethics. The first three chapters outline some influential theories that are important to understanding the methodological approaches that follow. Chapter 1 offers a survey of the theory of principlism as expounded by Tom Beauchamp and James Childress, chapter 2 examines Bernard Gert’s defense of common morality, and chapter 3 discusses the so-termed new casuistry. The next three chapters trace a historical dialectic. Chapter 4 explores the shift that has increasingly occurred in bioethics away from the pursuit of objectivity or truth and toward narrative ethics, while chapter 5 uncovers the “classical” roots of American pragmatism and explains their ongoing relevance for contemporary bioethics. This paves the way for chapter 6’s examination of “freestanding” pragmatists such as Susan Wolf who, in contrast, see their approach as untethered to the classical canon of American pragmatism. With this background firmly established, the next two chapters handle some influential contemporary approaches. Chapter 7 considers the “internal morality” approach to medicine; chapter 8 discusses the method of reflective equilibrium, and chapter 9 summarizes and reflects on the results of the preceding eight chapters. Rather than staking out and defending a final position, the book aspires to uncover the costs and benefits of the respective methodological approaches that are surveyed. In the words of Kierkegaard, it aims to make life “harder” rather than “easier” for bioethics by uncovering some outstanding challenges.
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Matthew, Craven. Part I Histories, Ch.1 Theorizing the Turn to History in International Law. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198701958.003.0002.

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This chapter focuses on the question of what was required for the productive representation of the past of international law as ‘history’ to become a meaningful activity, given the need for historical discourse and practice to be organized in temporal terms, and its past ‘found’ or ‘uncovered’. This historical consciousness fundamentally reshaped the conceptualization of what would become known as ‘international law’, and placed at centre-stage the problem of the historical method. Furthermore, not only did the emergence of this historical consciousness have specifiable theoretical and practical dimensions, it would become, as Foucault puts it, a ‘privileged and dangerous’ site, both providing theoretical sustenance to the discipline, and a space for critical engagement.
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Deigh, John. Sidgwick’s Conception of Ethics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190878597.003.0009.

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J. B. Schneewind’s Sidgwick’s Ethics and Victorian Moral Philosophy surpassed all previous treatments of Sidgwick’s The Methods of Ethics by showing how Sidgwick’s work follows a coherent plan of argument for a conception of ethics as grounded in practical reason. Schneewind offered his interpretation as the product of a historical rather than a critical study. This essay undertakes a critical study of Sidgwick’s work based on Schneewind’s interpretation. Its thesis is that the conception of ethics for which Sidgwick argued is incoherent. As a result, it is argued, the coherent plan of argument in Methods that Schneewind uncovered masks a deep incoherence in the argument itself.
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46

Verde, Francesco, red. Epicuro, Epistola a Pitocle. Academia – ein Verlag in der Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783985720231.

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This volume provides a new Greek text and a detailed historical-philosophical commentary on Epicurus' Letter to Pythocles. The content of the letter concerns the study of the causes of celestial phenomena by means of the so-called method of multiple explanations, which is an original Epicurean novelty in ancient epistemologies. In addition to the substantial introduction and commentary by Francesco Verde, the book includes a foreword by Mauro Tulli, which sheds light on the structure of the letter, a critical-philological note, the Greek text, and the Italian translation by Dino De Sanctis, and an essay on the philosophical implications of the method of multiple explanations by Francesca G. Masi. With contributions by Dino de Sanctis, Francesca G. Masi, Mauro Tulli and Francesco Verde.
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Franks, Paul. Nineteenth-Century and Early Twentieth-Century Post-Kantian Philosophy. Redaktorzy Herman Cappelen, Tamar Szabó Gendler i John Hawthorne. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199668779.013.1.

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This article examines three moments of the post-Kantian philosophical tradition in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries: Kantianism, Post-Kantian Idealism, and Neo-Kantianism. It elucidates the distinctive methods of a tradition that has never entirely disappeared and is now acknowledged once again as the source of contemporary insights. It outlines two problematics—naturalist scepticism and historicist nihilism—threatening the possibility of metaphysics. The first concerns sceptical worries about reason, emerging from attempts to extend the methods of natural science to the study of human beings. Kant’s project of a critical and transcendental analysis of reason, with its distinctive methods, should be considered a response. The second arises from the development of new methods of historical inquiry, seeming to undermine the very possibility of individual agency. Also considered are Kant’s successors’ revisions of the critical and transcendental analysis of reason, undertaken to overcome challenges confronting the original versions of Kant’s methods.
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48

Ali, Christopher. Introduction. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040726.003.0001.

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The introductory chapter introduces the reader to the concept of localism in both broadcast policy and critical theory. It also provides a brief historical overview of local broadcast policy in the United States, Canada and United Kingdom, and unpacks the methods and methodologies employed in the research. More specifically, it discusses the value of document analysis and interviews to critical media policy studies, explains critical discourse analysis, and introduces the concept of critical regionalism which will be further explicated in chapter 1. Additionally, the chapter introduces the reader to two terms coined in the book: “the political economy of localism” and “default localism.” The chapter concludes with an outline of the chapters to follow.
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49

Fridlund, Mats, Mila Oiva i Petri Paju, red. Digital Histories: Emergent Approaches within the New Digital History. Helsinki University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33134/hup-5.

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Historical scholarship is currently undergoing a digital turn. All historians have experienced this change in one way or another, by writing on word processors, applying quantitative methods on digitalized source materials, or using internet resources and digital tools. Digital Histories showcases this emerging wave of digital history research. It presents work by historians who – on their own or through collaborations with e.g. information technology specialists – have uncovered new, empirical historical knowledge through digital and computational methods. The topics of the volume range from the medieval period to the present day, including various parts of Europe. The chapters apply an exemplary array of methods, such as digital metadata analysis, machine learning, network analysis, topic modelling, named entity recognition, collocation analysis, critical search, and text and data mining. The volume argues that digital history is entering a mature phase, digital history ‘in action’, where its focus is shifting from the building of resources towards the making of new historical knowledge. This also involves novel challenges that digital methods pose to historical research, including awareness of the pitfalls and limitations of the digital tools and the necessity of new forms of digital source criticisms. Through its combination of empirical, conceptual and contextual studies, Digital Histories is a timely and pioneering contribution taking stock of how digital research currently advances historical scholarship.
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50

Guthrie, G. J. Lectures On The Operative Surgery Of The Eye Or, An Historical And Critical Inquiry Into The Methods Recommended For The Cure Of Cataract. Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 2007.

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