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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Historic sites – Australia"
1
Muhlen-Schulte, Minna. "'in defence of liberty'?" Public History Review 26 (19.12.2019): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/phrj.v26i0.6823.
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After the outbreak of the Second World War in Europe in September 1939, emergency internment legislation passed by the Australian Federal Parliament created a network of camp sites across Australia. What do these historic landscapes mean in Australia today and how can we interpret them? Some feature government-installed interpretation signs; others remain silent concrete ruins concealed within private farmland, unmoored from any context and living memory. These sites are connected to other Allied internment sites globally, and the journeys between these sites vividly rendered in artworks, diaries and letters left behind by internees as well as the isolated cemeteries where they were buried adrift between continents.
2
Warren, Clive M. J., Peter Elliott i Jason Staines. "The impacts of historic districts on residential property land values in Australia". International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 10, nr 1 (6.02.2017): 66–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-02-2016-0015.
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Purpose Focusing on the externality effects of historic districts, this paper aims to assess and compare the impact of historic district designation on the value of residential vacant land property. Design/methodology/approach Hedonic regression is used to analyze data from 4,233 residential vacant site transactions to measure the influence of historic district designation on the price of residential vacant site properties. Findings Results support established theory and research on other residential property types, showing a significant and positive relationship between designation in a historic district and property prices. Residential vacant sites located in a designated historic district sold at a 10-11 per cent premium compared to similar vacant sites not located in a historic district. Originality/value This is the first empirical study of the influence of historic districts on residential vacant land property. The paper extends limited previous literature on the externality effects of historic districts through detailed analysis of a large Australian housing market (Brisbane).
3
Hughes, Janet. "Mawson's Antarctic huts and tourism: a case for on-site preservation". Polar Record 28, nr 164 (styczeń 1992): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400020246.
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AbstractSeveral Arctic and Antarctic historic sites have now been extensively excavated and some, such as the Scott and Shackleton huts in the Ross Dependency of Antarctica, have been restored and opened to visitors. The huts of Mawson's Australian Antarctic Expedition 1911–1914, the sole expedition site of the historic age in Australian Antarctic Territory, have become a tourist attraction and the subject of controversy. One view favours bringing the main hut back to Australia for display in a museum, on the grounds that the hut is deteriorating and at present inaccessible to the Australian people: repatriation would preserve the hut and enable it to be viewed by a greater number of visitors. An alternative is to preserve the hut on site by covering it with a dome or re-cladding, replacing the timbers which have been seriously eroded, and retaining the site (but not at present the hut interior) as a tourist feature. The author argues in favour of preservation on site, retaining as much of the original fabric of the huts as possible, and proposes the formation of an informal network to exchange information among other researchers studying polar historic sites.
4
Silva, Paulo H. M. Da, M. Shepherd, D. Grattapaglia i A. M. Sebbenn. "Use of genetic markers to build a new generation of Eucalyptus pilularis breeding population". Silvae Genetica 64, nr 1-6 (1.12.2015): 170–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sg-2015-0016.
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Abstract Tree improvement generally proceeds by incremental gains obtained from recurrent selection in large diverse populations but is slow due to long generation times and delay till trees reach assessment age. This places a premium upon extracting data from historic introductions used to found landraces when reinstating modern breeding programs. The value of such resources, however, may be degraded due to a lack of records on germplasm origins, pedigrees and early performance, but DNA technology may help recoup some of this value. Eucalyptus pilularis (subgenus Eucalyptus) is regarded as a premier hardwood plantation species for saw log and poles in Australia, but has not been used extensively despite early introductions and testing in many countries overseas. Here we use DNA fingerprinting to assess genetic diversity and inbreeding in historic introductions of E. pilularis to evaluate this resource in advance of a reinvigorated breeding effort for this species in Brazil. As expected, based on the available documentation for the introductions, genetic diversity relative to Australian reference populations does not appear to be compromised, and there was unlikely to be excessive inbreeding. Also, favorable, was the likelihood that further selections should not unduly increase the relationship in the next generation. Interestingly, we note the importance of testing widely adapted sources of germplasm when making introductions, as provenances which performed poorly in tests on productive sites in Australia, may have value when matched with lower fertility sites overseas.
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Horiuchi, Lynne, i Anoma Pieris. "Temporal Cities: Commemoration at Manzanar, California and Cowra, Australia". Asian Diasporic Visual Cultures and the Americas 3, nr 3 (4.10.2017): 292–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23523085-00303003.
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This article compares two former Pacific War incarceration histories in the us and Australia, inquiring how their narratives of confinement and redress might be interpreted spatially and materially, and how these sensibilities are incorporated into contemporary heritage strategies including, in these examples, through Japanese garden designs. At the Manzanar Historic Site in California, the efforts of several generations advocating for civil rights and preservation of the Manzanar Relocation Center have overlapped with the National Park Service’s efforts to fulfil its federal mandates to preserve and restore the historic site. Conversely at Cowra, New South Wales, these histories are interwoven with post-war commemorative spaces, aimed at drawing visitors to former incarceration sites and encouraging contemplation of these difficult histories. This article analyses their complex creative processes and interpretive strategies as useful for drawing these isolated national stories into broader global interrogations of their significance.
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Eldridge, David J., Ian Oliver, James Val i Samantha K. Travers. "Limited evidence for the use of livestock for the conservation management of exotic plant cover". Australian Journal of Botany 68, nr 2 (2020): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt19183.
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Livestock grazing has been used for conservation management in some situations to reduce exotic plant cover, but supporting empirical evidence is scant. This is particularly true for eastern Australian semiarid woodlands and forests. We surveyed 451 sites across three broad semiarid vegetation communities (cypress pine, black box, red gum) in eastern Australia to examine the effects of recent and longer-term (historic) grazing by livestock on exotic (and native) plant cover. Because our focus was the use of domestic livestock for conservation management, our sites were mostly located in conservation reserves, travelling stock routes and native production forests where domestic grazing is approved via permit. We also included recent grazing by kangaroos and rabbits, which occur widely with livestock across the study sites. Structural equation modelling revealed that recent sheep and cattle grazing was associated with increased exotic plant cover in two of the three communities (cypress pine, black box), and historic grazing was associated with lower exotic (and native) plant cover across all communities. Recent cattle grazing-induced reductions in exotic plant cover in the red gum community resulted from declines in the palatable exotic annual grass Ehrharta longiflora. Higher intensity grazing by rabbits, sheep and cattle in the cypress pine community increased exotic plant cover by suppressing the negative effect of native cover on exotic cover. Higher intensity rabbit grazing reinforced the negative effect of nitrogen on native plant cover, resulting in increases in exotic cover. Overall, we found strong evidence that domestic livestock grazing reduces native plant cover either directly or indirectly in all three communities, but limited evidence that it would be a useful conservation management strategy to reduce exotic plant cover in these communities.
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Hughes, Janet. "Ten myths about the preservation of historic sites in Antarctica and some implications for Mawson's huts at Cape Denison". Polar Record 36, nr 197 (kwiecień 2000): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400016223.
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AbstractA review of popular writing on the subject of preservation of historic sites in Antarctica, including buildings, graves, and artefacts, has revealed many misconceptions about the existence and cause of deterioration problems. These myths include the belief that the artefacts inside the Ross Dependency huts are in a near perfect state of preservation and that there is no corrosion in Antarctica because of the dry cold. Further examination, however, shows these views to be incorrect. These and other misconceptions are classified into three groups: (1) misunderstanding or denial of deterioration processes in Antarctic conditions; (2) simplistic assumptions about how historic buildings should be conserved in Antarctica; and (3) inappropriate comparisons between dissimilar sites.There has been considerable debate in Australia and New Zealand about how historic Antarctic buildings should be preserved. Proposed preservation methods have covered a wide range from dismantling and repatriation to a museum, re-cladding with new timber, insertion of vapour barriers inside walls to exclude ice ingress, covering buildings with a dome, and, at the other end of the spectrum of views, minimal intervention. The preservation of artefacts has also been an issue, particularly concerning whether artefacts can be effectively preserved in Antarctica or whether it is necessary to treat and store them at museums outside Antarctica. It is important to encourage consideration of all appropriate means of preservation, but it is particularly important that the causes of deterioration are understood (that is, correct diagnosis) before prescribing treatment.
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Ballard, G., P. J. S. Fleming, P. D. Meek i S. Doak. "Aerial baiting and wild dog mortality in south-eastern Australia". Wildlife Research 47, nr 2 (2020): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr18188.
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Abstract ContextWild dogs, including dingoes and dingo cross-breeds, are vertebrate pests when they cause financial losses and emotional costs by harming livestock or pets, threaten human safety or endanger native fauna. Tools for lethal management of these animals currently include aerial baiting with poisoned baits. In New South Wales (NSW), Australia, aerial baiting was previously permitted at a rate of 40 baits km−1 but a maximum rate of 10 baits km−1 was subsequently prescribed by the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority. The efficacy of these baiting rates has not been quantified in eastern Australia, undermining the value of the policy and rendering adaptive management efforts difficult, at best. AimTo quantify the mortality rate of wild dogs exposed to aerial baiting at historic and currently approved rates, i.e. 40 baits per kilometre and 10 baits per kilometre, respectively. MethodsWild dog mortality rates were measured at sites in mesic north-eastern NSW, where aerial baiting was applied to control wild dogs and contrasted with sites and individuals where no baiting was undertaken. In total, 132 wild dogs were trapped and fitted with GPS-VHF telemetry collars before annual aerial baiting programs. Collars were used to locate animals after aerial baiting and to determine the fates of individuals. Key results90.6% of collared wild dogs exposed to aerial baiting at 40 baits km−1 died, whereas only 55.3% of those exposed to 10 baits km−1 died (Welsh’s t=4.478, P=0.004, v=6.95). All wild dogs that were not exposed to toxic baits survived during the same periods. ConclusionManagers using aerial baiting to maximise wild dog mortality in mesic south-eastern Australia should use 40 baits km−1 rather than 10 baits km−1. ImplicationsWild dog population reduction for mitigation of livestock and faunal predation requires the application of efficacious control. The currently prescribed maximum aerial baiting rate of 10 baits km−1 is inadequate for controlling wild dog populations in mesic forest environments in NSW.
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McAllister, Lauren J., Stephen J. Bent, Nicola K. Petty, Elizabeth Skippington, Scott A. Beatson, James C. Paton i Adrienne W. Paton. "Genomic Comparison of Two O111:H−Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Isolates from a Historic Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome Outbreak in Australia". Infection and Immunity 84, nr 3 (4.01.2016): 775–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01229-15.
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EnterohemorrhagicEscherichia coli(EHEC) is an important cause of diarrhea and hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) worldwide. Australia's worst outbreak of HUS occurred in Adelaide in 1995 and was one of the first major HUS outbreaks attributed to a non-O157 Shiga-toxigenicE. coli(STEC) strain. Molecular analyses conducted at the time suggested that the outbreak was caused by an O111:H−clone, with strains from later in the outbreak harboring an extra copy of the genes encoding the potent Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2). Two decades later, we have used next-generation sequencing to compare two isolates from early and late in this important outbreak. We analyzed genetic content, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and prophage insertion sites; for the latter, we demonstrate how paired-end sequence data can be leveraged to identify such insertion sites. The two strains are genetically identical except for six SNP differences and the presence of not one but two additional Stx2-converting prophages in the later isolate. Isolates from later in the outbreak were associated with higher levels of morbidity, suggesting that the presence of the additional Stx2-converting prophages is significant in terms of the virulence of this clone.
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Berris, Karleah K., Steven J. B. Cooper, William G. Breed, Joshua R. Berris i Susan M. Carthew. "A comparative study of survival, recruitment and population growth in two translocated populations of the threatened greater bilby (Macrotis lagotis)". Wildlife Research 47, nr 5 (2020): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr19194.
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Abstract Context Translocations have been widely used to re-establish populations of threatened Australian mammalian species. However, they are limited by the availability of sites where key threats can be effectively minimised or eliminated. Outside of ‘safe havens’, threats such as exotic predators, introduced herbivores and habitat degradation are often unable to be completely eliminated. Understanding how different threats affect Australian mammal populations can assist in prioritising threat-management actions outside of safe havens. AimsWe sought to determine whether translocations of the greater bilby to two sites in the temperate zone of South Australia could be successful when human-induced threats, such as prior habitat clearance, historic grazing, the presence of feral cats and European rabbits, could not be completely eliminated. Methods Greater bilbies were regularly cage trapped at two translocation sites and a capture–mark–recapture study was used to determine survival, recruitment and population growth at both sites. Key results Our study showed that bilbies were successfully translocated to an offshore island with a previous history of grazing and habitat clearance, but which was free of exotic predators. At a second site, a mainland exclosure with feral cats and European rabbits present, the bilby population declined over time. Adult bilbies had similar survival rates in both populations; however, the mainland bilby population had low recruitment rates and low numbers of subadults despite high adult female fecundity. ConclusionsThe results indicated that past grazing and habitat clearance did not prevent the bilby population on the offshore island establishing and reaching a high population density. In the mainland exclosure, the low recruitment is probably due to feral cats predating on subadult bilbies following pouch emergence. Implications The results demonstrated that the bilby, an ecologically flexible Australian marsupial, can be successfully translocated to sites with a history of habitat degradation if exotic predators are absent. At the mainland exclosure site, threat mitigation for bilbies should focus on control or eradication of the feral cats. The control of European rabbits without control of feral cats could lead to prey-switching by feral cats, further increasing predation pressure on the small bilby population.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Historic sites – Australia"
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Stead, Roberta E. "Towards a classification of Australian Aboriginal stone arrangements : an investigation of methodological problems with a gazetteer of selected sites". Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/110256.
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A classification of Australian Aboriginal stone arrangements is
fundamental to the understanding of their function and social significance for
both Australian and world prehistory.
The implications of certain problems with the archaeological data for a
classification of arrangements, such as dating and inadequate reporting, are
discussed. Possible principles governing the mode of construction, design and
location of arrangements are investigated, and the criteria for classification
suggested.
A two-tier classification is proposed. On the first level, the technological
and morphological characteristics of discrete stone arrangements are
organised into classes. On the second level, the combination of arrangement
classes at any one site defines site types. 144 sites in four regions in New
South Wales are classified. Comparisons are made between classes and site
types within each region and across regions. Existing opinions about the
distribution of so-called 'simple' and 'complex' types are challenged.
An investigation of the relationship between classes or site types, and
other kinds of archaeological sites, such as rock art, reveals no perfect
correlations either within one region or across regions. It is proposed that any
governing principles are more likely to have operated at a local level,
reflecting such factors as local topography, beliefs and traditions, and
population density, rather than at a universal level.
The significance of a classification of stone arrangements for studies on
culture areas, and on complex Aboriginal hunter-gathering is discussed. Further
research is proposed with regard to the former. The construction and location
of many arrangements is regarded as evidence for a considerable investment of
time and energy in non-subsistence activities. It is suggested that these stone
arrangements are associated with the archaeological evidence identified by
Australian and overseas researchers, for an increasingly more complex stage in
the evolution of hunter-gatherers, in which ceremonial and ritual requirements
were paramount.
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Gandhi, Vidhu Built Environment Faculty of Built Environment UNSW. "Aboriginal Australian heritage in the postcolonial city: sites of anti-colonial resistance and continuing presence". Publisher:University of New South Wales. Built Environment, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41460.
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Aboriginal Australian heritage forms a significant and celebrated part of Australian heritage. Set within the institutional frameworks of a predominantly ??white?? European Australian heritage practice, Aboriginal heritage has been promoted as the heritage of a people who belonged to the distant, pre-colonial past and who were an integral and sustainable part of the natural environment. These controlled and carefully packaged meanings of Aboriginal heritage have underwritten aspects of urban Aboriginal presence and history that prevail in the (previously) colonial city. In the midst of the city which seeks to cling to selected images of its colonial past urban Aboriginal heritage emerges as a significant challenge to a largely ??white??, (post)colonial Australian heritage practice. The distinctively Aboriginal sense of anti-colonialism that underlines claims to urban sites of Aboriginal significance unsettles the colonial stereotypes that are associated with Aboriginal heritage and disrupts the ??purity?? of the city by penetrating the stronghold of colonial heritage. However, despite the challenge to the colonising imperatives of heritage practice, the fact that urban Aboriginal heritage continues to be a deeply contested reality indicates that heritage practice has failed to move beyond its predominantly colonial legacy. It knowingly or unwittingly maintains the stronghold of colonial heritage in the city by selectively and often with reluctance, recognising a few sites of contested Aboriginal heritage such as the Old Swan Brewery and Bennett House in Perth. Furthermore, the listing of these sites according to very narrow and largely Eurocentric perceptions of Aboriginal heritage makes it quite difficult for other sites which fall outside these considerations to be included as part of the urban built environment. Importantly this thesis demonstrates that it is most often in the case of Aboriginal sites of political resistance such as The Block in Redfern, the Aboriginal Tent Embassy in Canberra and Australian Hall in Sydney, that heritage practice tends to maintain its hegemony as these sites are a reminder of the continuing disenfranchised condition of Aboriginal peoples, in a nation which considers itself to be postcolonial.
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顏惠芳 i Hue-phuong Amy Nhan. "An interpretation strategy for Robe". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42181483.
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North, MacLaren. "Protecting the past for the public good archaeology and Australian heritage law /". Connect to full text, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1602.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2007.Title from title screen (viewed 25 March 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Dept. of Archaeology, Faculty of Arts. Degree awarded 2007; thesis originally submitted 2006, corrected version submitted 2007. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.
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Gillespie, Danny Ambrose. "Imarlkba, historical archaeology and a fossicking economy site in the top end of the Northern Territory". Master's thesis, University of New England, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/272421.
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Despite almost two decades of field research, historical archaeology in Australia continues to lack a unified theoretical purpose. Thepredominantly descriptive approach which has characterised much recent Australian work could be profitably replaced by an approach which is both archaeological and anthropological and which makes use of data from documentary and, where available, oral sources in addition to archaeological evidence. Such an
approach will achieve maximum usefulness in historical sites which are artefacts of early Aboriginal/European interaction. In the present study documentary, oral and archaeological research in the form of surface collection and mapping are combined at Imarlkba, a site produced by a period of European/Aboriginal interaction characterised by the term'fossickingeconomy'. Explanations for site formation processes and their locations are proposed through models derived from all three data sources, concentrating on an apparent dual system of garbage disposal, preferential
removal of material from the site by Europeans and Abori ginals and the distribution of artefacts such as wire twitches and coppiced trees. This brief study is dedicated to those participants in the fossicking economy, men and women, black and white, who contributed to Imarlkba's site formation
processes.
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Esposito, Virginia. "Beyond the total : identifying inter- and intra-site variation through ceramic artefacts at Chinese goldmining settlements in Southeast New South Wales, mid-nineteenth to early-twentieth centuries". Phd thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150007.
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This research examines ceramic collections from overseas Chinese mining settlements in southeast New South Wales, including those from Jembaicumbene, Flanagan's Point, Upper Adelong, Adjungbilly, and Kiandra. The analysis seeks to identify differences within and between these settlements, which were occupied from the mid-nineteenth to the early-twentieth century. In addition, collections from non-Chinese sites in the same region are compared to those of the Chinese. On a broader scale, the research considers the nature of Chinese supply networks. This dissertation uses traditional and non-traditional methods of ceramic analysis to answer major questions, which expand the archaeology of Chinese in Australia. The analyses enable conclusions to be drawn about the active role of vessels in everyday life, not only within the domestic sphere but also in communal aspects of food and feasting. This research provides an understanding of the broader social and economic characteristics of the Chinese population, through the assessment of the differing roles of specific buildings, such as temples, communal ovens and stores, as well as the variation over time in the domestic use of vessels. The analyses provide an insight into the Chinese supply of ceramics and foodstuffs and demonstrate how Western-style ceramics became appropriate substitutes, as those systems changed. This research is the first intra-site analysis of Chinese camps in Australia and also the first to compare contemporary ceramic assemblages from Chinese and non-Chinese sites in the same region. Furthermore, compositional analysis of Chinese sherds has added another dimension, as it has shown that visual similarities do not necessarily relate to chemical similarities. It was previously thought that all brown-glazed storage jars on overseas Chinese sites were made in southern China; but this research, reveals that some of these vessels may have come from northern China. This research has looked beyond the total and highlighted short and long-term occupation sites. These camps were not homogenous or static settlements, they changed over time.text -- appendices
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Hollow, Rosemary. "How nations mourn:the memorialisation and management of contemporary atrocity sites". Phd thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/105353.
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Terrorism and atrocities have scarred the public memory in the
late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Three
atrocities, the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing, the 1996 massacre at
Port Arthur Historic Site in Tasmania, Australia, and the 2002
Bali bombings, had a significant impact on the communities they
most affected. How did the differing governments and communities
at these sites respond to the sudden loss of life? How were the
competing agendas of these groups managed ? Are there shared and
distinctive characteristics in the memorialisation of atrocitites
across these countries at the turn of the millenium?
In responding to these questions, this study analyses cultural
differences in memorialisation at contemporary atrocity sites. It
examines the differing responses at the case study sites to the
planning and the timing of memorials, the engagement of those
affected, the memorial designs and the management of the
memorials, including tributes. It is an original comparative
study of contemporary memorialisation by a heritage professional
directly involved in the management of memorials at contemporary
atrocity sites.
The original research includes the identification of the role the
internet in contemporary memorialisation, an in-depth analysis of
the memorialisation of the 1996 massacre at Port Arthur Historic
Site, and the memorialisation in Bali and across Australia of the
2002 Bali bombings. It extends the current scholarship on the
memorialisation of the Oklahoma City bombing through identifying
the impact of the internet in the memorialisation and in the
timeframe of the analysis through to the 15th anniversary in
2010. The comparative analysis of the management of tributes at
all the sites identified issues not previously considered in
Australian scholarship: that tributes and the response to them
is part of the memorialisation and management of contemporary
atrocity sites.
A combined research method based on an interpretive social
science approach was adopted. A range of methodogies were used,
including literature reviews, analysis of electronic material,
site visits, unstructured in-depth interviews, and
participant-observation at memorial services. Studies on history,
memory and memorialisation provided the framework for my analysis
and led to an original proposal, that all three sites have shared
histories of the memorialisation of war and ‘missing’
memorialisation. These shared histories, I argue, strengthened
the justification for this comparative study.
This comparative study identified differences across the case
study countries in the designs of the built memorials, in
legislation enacted after the atrocities, the responses to the
perpetrators, the marking of anniversaries, and in the management
of tributes left at the sites. These differences highlight the
cultural divide that exists in contemporary memorialisation.
Issues identified for future research include the impact of the
internet and electronic social networking sites on
memorialisation, and how these sites will be captured and stored
for future heritage professionals and researchers. Scope also
exists for further comparative global studies: on legislative
responses to contemporary atrocities, and on the differing
responses of communities and governments to tributes, including
teddy bears and T-shirts, left at memorials and contemporary
atrocity sites.
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C-Scott, Marc. "Invention to Institution - A Comparative Historical Analysis of Television across Three National Sites". Thesis, 2016. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/33709/.
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This Thesis explores the protracted emergence and early development of television as a viable commercial medium. It assesses the role played by key individuals in television’s prehistory, across three national sites: Britain, the United States and Australia. After comparing and contrasting seminal developments in Britain and the United States, the Thesis addresses the issues of globalisation and localisation of television in an Australian context. The Thesis argues that current research associated with Australian television history focuses on developments subsequent to the introduction of television in 1956. Consequently there is a lack of conversation about Australian television’s pre-history. This includes the narrative associated with Australian inventors whose achievements were influential not only in Australia, but also impacted the development of television internationally. The Thesis concludes by providing an assessment of the international influence on the local Australian industry during the introduction of television. The later chapters show that while the technology of television introduced to Australia was comparable to that of Britain and the United States, its adoption was shaped by the local, social and political factors of the time.
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Tybussek, Damian Craig. "Men Behaving Badly? The Archaeology of the Digger's Lifestyle and Constructions of Masculinity at the Kiandra Goldrush, 1859-1861". Phd thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/116832.
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This research provides the first in-depth archaeological study of
a goldrush miners’ camp from the early 1850s and 1860s
Australian Goldrushes in Victoria and New South Wales. Focussing
on the Kiandra Goldfield, located in the Snowy Mountains of New
South Wales, which was the scene of a major goldrush in
1859-1861, this research develops a picture of the nature of
everyday life for the miners and businesspeople who participated
in this event. It investigates the historical and archaeological
evidence from the Township Hill miners’ camp (KTH), which was
the main miners’ camp during the rush, through the lens of
gender in order to arrive at a more nuanced understanding of the
nature of goldrush social life. Specifically, as goldrushes were
predominately male events, this research aims to bring the study
of masculinity, which is a burgeoning field in Australian
history, into the domain of Australian historical archaeology.
The Township Hill miners’ camp, excavated between 2003 and 2004
by the former ANU archaeology fieldschool program, provides a
unique opportunity to ascertain how men were behaving at this
goldrush and how they were constructing and maintaining their
masculine identities in this isolated and harsh environment.
This research conducts a reanalysis of the ten excavated KTH huts
and their artefact assemblages which demonstrates how the hut
occupants behaved on a daily basis. Specifically, it utilises a
distribution analysis and consideration of the proportions of
items found within assemblages to demonstrate what cultural
formation processes resulted in their deposition. Combining this
data from the dominant artefact types within the assemblages
allows a model of the waste management strategies used by hut
occupants to be created. The nature of these strategies, as well
as the functional natures of each hut assemblage, provides a
wealth of data on the genders of hut occupants, as well as the
gender identities they were attempting to cultivate.
This research demonstrates that the Township Hill miners’ camp
was predominately occupied by men, but featured a small
population of women. The diggers who occupied the camp
principally negotiated their masculine identities in reference to
the ideal of the respectable digger, but they critically
evaluated different characteristics of this ideal and adopted
some at the expense of others. The small amount of evidence
relating to female miners at the camp suggested that they too had
complex feminine identities that could embrace respectability.
Businesspeople on the other hand, negotiated their gender
identities principally with respect to middle-class gentility and
appear to have made concerted efforts through conspicuous
consumption to differentiate themselves from miners and
demonstrate their social standing. In all, this research has
found that the diggers who formed the core population at the
Kiandra Goldrush were not behaving badly, and instead, considered
themselves to be respectable and participated diligently in these
events to further their dreams of independence and successful
manhood.
Książki na temat "Historic sites – Australia"
1
Explore historic Australia: 1200 places, 80 maps. South Yarra, Vic., Australia: Viking O'Neil in association with the Australian Council of National Trusts and with the assistance of BP Australia Ltd., 1987.
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David, Carment. Looking at Darwin's past: Material evidence of European settlement in tropical Australia. Darwin: North Australia Research Unit, The Australian National University, 1996.
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Flinders University of South Australia. Dept. of Archaeology., red. The maritime cultural landscape of Port Willunga, South Australia. Adelaide, S. Aust: Flinders University, Dept. of Archaeology, 2007.
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Conference, Australia ICOMOS National. 20th century heritage: Our recent cultural legacy : proceedings of the Australia ICOMOS National Conference 2001, 28 November-1 December 2001, Adelaide, the University of Adelaide, Australia. Redaktorzy Jones David S. 1959- i University of Adelaide. School of Architecture, Landscape Architecture & Urban Design. Adelaide, Australia: School of Architecture, Landscape Architecture & Urban Design, the University of Adelaide, 2002.
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Carment, D. History and the landscape in Central Australia: A study of the material evidence of European culture and settlement. Casuarina, N.T: North Australia Research Unit, Australian National University, 1991.
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Ridley, Ronald T. Melbourne's monuments. Carlton South, Vic: Melbourne University Press, 1996.
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Australia/ICOMOS. The Burra Charter: The Australia ICOMOS charter for places of cultural significance 1999. Burwood, Vic: Australia ICOMOS, 2000.
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David, Carment. History and the landscape in Central Australia: A study of the material evidence of European culture and settlement. Darwin: Australian University, North Australia Research Unit, 1991.
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Kate, Gregory, i National Trust of Australia (W.A.), red. From the Barracks to the Burrup: The National Trust in Western Australia. Sydney: National Trust, 2010.
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Australasian Society for Historical Archaeology, red. An archaeological guide to British ceramics in Australia, 1788-1901. Sydney: Australasian Society for Historical Archaeology, 2005.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Historic sites – Australia"
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Goss, W. M., Claire Hooker i Ronald D. Ekers. "Brain Drain: Trip to US and Canada 1957–1959". W Historical & Cultural Astronomy, 427–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07916-0_28.
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AbstractLetter from Pawsey to his mother, from Princeton end 1957:Pawsey’s 8½-month visit to the US in 1957–1958 occurred during a key period of the GRT deliberations (FFP design study completion at the end of 1957 and the site selection in early 1958). It also occurred in the context of shifts in relations within RPL and in the field of radio astronomy as it grew around the world. There was growing awareness in Australia about the increasing capacity, especially in the USA, to attract first-rate scientists overseas to lead the new research programs being established. Meanwhile, at RPL, Bowen’s frustrations with Pawsey were growing to such a degree that Pawsey was beginning to feel some disquiet about his position in CSIRO. An important outcome of Pawsey’s visit to the US was an unofficial “audition” for a leadership role in US radio astronomy. At this point Pawsey would realise that he would have more to offer a US community with its multiple new radio astronomy groups (similar to the multiple groups he had nurtured in the beginning of radio astronomy research in Australia), than the Australian groups which had become strong and less dependent on his leadership. Pawsey’s scientific interactions during this time were also important as he planned for the Paris Symposium of August 1958 in his role as chair of the IAU organising committee.
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Ridgway, Avis, Gloria Quiñones i Liang Li. "Toddlers’ Outdoor Play, Imagination and Cultural Formation". W International Perspectives on Early Childhood Education and Development, 23–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72595-2_2.
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AbstractDiscussion on toddlers’ outdoor play practices in various cultural spaces is rare in literature. In Australia, toddlers’ physical development and well-being is promoted but less attention is given to cultural nuances of outdoor play. We ask the question: How does outdoor play impact on toddlers’ imagination and cultural formation? Conducted in three Australian long day care (LDC) sites, an ethically approved project “Studying babies and toddlers: Cultural worlds and transitory relationships” examines the process of three Australian toddlers’ outdoor enculturation. The concepts of imagination and play from Vygotsky’s cultural-historical theory are drawn upon in relation to Hedegaard’s institutional practices model, to link contextual relations between society, community and family. Cultural formation processes in toddlers’ outdoor play, we argue, are more completely understood when daily life across home and local community is acknowledged. Data findings illustrate complexity of movement and experimentations in cultural conditions, where different spaces hold possibilities for imaginative transformations in toddler’s play. Implications suggest toddlers’ imaginative and culturally responsive outdoor play aligns with availability of interested adult/peers, shared family and community values, and varied local spaces. In this way, affective and dynamic outdoor interactions imbue cultural formation of toddler’s play and imagination with local personal meaning.
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Romero-Ruiz, Maria Isabel. "Trans-National Neo-Victorianism, Gender and Vulnerability in Kate Grenville’s The Secret River (2005)". W Cultural Representations of Gender Vulnerability and Resistance, 147–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95508-3_9.
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AbstractThe British Empire has become a new trope in neo-Victorian studies, incorporating a postcolonial trans-national approach to the re-writing of the Victorian past. Kate Grenville’s novel The Secret River is set in Australia in the early nineteenth century when issues of transportation and colonisation coalesce with the fight for survival under precarious conditions. The Secret River is the story of the confrontation between colonisers and colonised people in terms of gender and vulnerability. This chapter analyses the role of Empire in the construction of a British identity associated with civilisation and that of the native population. Following Judith Butler’s theories, my discussion is organised around two main topics: Australian history and narratives of recollection, and gender identity and vulnerability both in white settlers and indigenous communities. My contention is that both sides became involved in a relationship of mutual vulnerability.
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Fraser, Lyndon. "Both Sides of the Tasman: History, Politics and Migration Between New Zealand and Australia". W History, Historians and the Immigration Debate, 55–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97123-0_4.
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Goss, W. M., Claire Hooker i Ronald D. Ekers. "Sea-Cliff Interferometry: Dover Heights, 1946". W Historical & Cultural Astronomy, 185–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07916-0_13.
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AbstractBy mid-November 1945, Pawsey had begun planning for an observational programme in the post-54RS era. Although Pawsey was clearly appreciative of the excellent cooperation of the RAAF at Collaroy, the radio group at RPL now needed a site closer to the Laboratory at Sydney University, with accessible and convenient public transport. In addition, RPL needed a field station site under their own control, allowing modifications on the equipment to be made by their staff. The obvious solution was to start work at the Dover Heights ShD (Shore Defence) or C.D. (Coastal Defence) station of the Australian Military Forces. This station had been used by RPL during WWII for radar development and was only 10 km from the lab and reachable by public buses. The station was called CA No. 1 (Costal Artillery). As we have seen, Pawsey had begun planning for the first observations (January 1946) the previous November. An image from the WWII era of the Shore Defence aerial at Dover Heights is shown in Fig. 13.1.
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Robbins, Joanne, Isabelle Ruin, Brian Golding, Rutger Dankers, John Nairn i Sarah Millington. "Connecting Hazard and Impact: A Partnership between Physical and Human Science". W Towards the “Perfect” Weather Warning, 115–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98989-7_5.
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AbstractThe bridge from a hazard to its impact is at the heart of current efforts to improve the effectiveness of warnings by incorporating impact information into the warning process. At the same time, it presents some of the most difficult and demanding challenges in contrasting methodology and language. Here we explore the needs of the impact scientist first, remembering that the relevant impacts are those needed to be communicated to the decision maker. We identify the challenge of obtaining historical information on relevant impacts, especially where data are confidential, and then of matching suitable hazard data to them. We then consider the constraints on the hazard forecaster, who may have access to large volumes of model predictions, but cannot easily relate these to the times and locations of those being impacted, and has limited knowledge of model accuracy in hazardous situations. Bridging these two requires an open and pragmatic approach from both sides. Relationships need to be built up over time and through joint working, so that the different ways of thinking can be absorbed. This chapter includes examples of partnership working in the Australian tsunami warning system, on health impact tools for dispersion of toxic materials in the UK and on the health impacts of heatwaves in Australia. We conclude with a summary of the characteristics that contribute to effective impact models as components of warning systems, together with some pitfalls to avoid.
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Khatun, Samia. "The Book of Books". W Australianama, 1–26. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190922603.003.0001.
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Examining past ‘misreadings’ of a copy of Kasasol Ambia in the Australian mining town of Broken Hill that has long been mislabeled a Quran in Australian history books, this chapter challenges one of the central problems of English language historiography today: The systematic subjugation of colonised knowledges to produce dead objects and artifacts. Examining the Indian Ocean geography that the Kasasol Ambia circulated I piece together the contours of colonial-modern historical storytelling in South Asia and Australia. Placing Australia within histories of the Indian Ocean world, I approach this arena as a key terrain of Anglo empires and a site of ongoing epistemic struggle. Showing that the Kasasol Ambia can offer clues for how to use colonised people’s knowledge traditions to think, theorise and understand the Indian Ocean world, this chapter develops a framework for producing anti-colonial knowledes about the region.
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Urwin, Chris, Lynette Russell i Lily Yulianti Farid. "Cross-Cultural Interaction across the Arafura and Timor Seas". W The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Indigenous Australia and New Guinea, C51.S1—C51.N8. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190095611.013.51.
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Abstract Prior to sustained contact with Europeans, Aboriginal people in parts of northern Australia—coastal regions of the Kimberley, Arnhem Land, and the Gulf of Carpentaria—interacted with people from South Sulawesi and other parts of eastern Indonesia, especially Makassar. The visitors (often called ‘Macassans’) arrived on Australian shores annually in sailing ships (praus) to harvest trepang (also called sea cucumber, bêche-de-mer) and to exchange things and ideas with Aboriginal people. Within Australia, evidence for these interactions can be seen in Macassan trepang processing sites (often associated with introduced tamarind trees); the inclusion of Indonesian borrow words in local Aboriginal languages; paintings of praus in Aboriginal rock art sites; and Aboriginal archaeological deposits containing Asian pottery, metal, and glass. More broadly, the histories of these interactions are found within oral traditions from either side of the Arafura and Timor Seas. Archaeology has begun to show that Aboriginal people selectively engaged in exchange with Indonesian people, using traded items to sustain customary exchange and new maritime technology to transform how they engaged with coast and sea. Macassan trepanging visits to northern Australia date from the eighteenth century to c. CE 1907, though some archaeological and oral historical evidence suggests that initial encounters occurred before CE 1664. Yet key questions remain regarding the nature of Macassan-Aboriginal interactions, and, fundamentally, the chronology of cross-cultural contact in northern Australia.
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"Advances in Fish Tagging and Marking Technology". W Advances in Fish Tagging and Marking Technology, redaktorzy Julian M. Hughes, John Stewart, Bronwyn M. Gillanders i Iain M. Suthers. American Fisheries Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874271.ch28.
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<i>Abstract</i>.—The population structure of the eastern Australian salmon <i>Arripis trutta </i>stock in the waters of southeastern (SE) Australia was examined using information provided by historical as well as current data sources. An extensive tag-recapture program and aging study undertaken during the 1960s demonstrated widespread mixing of the <i>A. trutta </i>population in SE Australian waters and established a robust model of general movement of fish from Tasmania north to Victoria and NSW with the approach of sexual maturity at ~four years of age. However, this work also hypothesized that the portion of the stock at Flinders Island in Tasmanian waters was resident and did not undergo this northward migration. Otolith chemistry analyses were therefore used as a tool in a ‘weight of evidence’ approach to further examine the population structure of the <i>A. trutta </i>stock in SE Australia. Samples of five year old <i>A. trutta </i>for analysis of otolith chemistry were collected over seven weeks from two sites (10 per site) within each of four locations: northern NSW, southern NSW, Victoria and Tasmania. The cores and edges of otoliths were analyzed using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Univariate analyses did not find spatial differences for any of the elements Li, Na, Mg, Mn, Ba or Sr between locations. Multivariate analyses however, did find differences between the multi-element ‘fingerprints’ of fish from Tasmania compared to each of the other locations (which were similar). This difference was driven by a group of fish collected from Flinders Island in north-eastern Tasmanian waters. The fish collected at this site were also significantly smaller at five years of age than fish from all other sites, indicating reduced growth rates. The lack of consequential and definitive differences in otolith chemistry data combined with the highly migratory nature of <i>A. trutta </i>in this region demonstrated by tagging studies confirm that the most likely stock structure model for <i>A. trutta </i>in SE Australia is of a single well mixed biological stock spanning Tasmania, Victoria and NSW with fish moving north from Tasmania to mainland Australia with the approach of sexual maturity. However, the reduced growth rates and distinct elemental signature for <i>A. trutta </i>from Flinders Island highlights the need for further work to examine the preexisting hypothesis of a potential resident sub-population there.
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Rowe, Cassandra, Janelle Stevenson, Simon Connor i Matthew Adeleye. "Fire and the Transformation of Landscapes". W The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Indigenous Australia and New Guinea, C12.S1—C12.S15. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190095611.013.12.
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Abstract Australia is a fire-prone continent, and its long-term history of burning is the product of millennia of interactions between climatic and cultural fire. Australia is also highly diverse, both in terms of landscape composition and fire regimes, as well as ecosystem responses to fire-regime changes. This article presents a compilation of research on Holocene fire histories across major climatic and biogeographic zones of Australia into New Guinea. It then brings together research on pollen-based vegetation change and fire history for key sites within each zone. The result is a series of ecosystem ‘fire moments’ that explore fire’s role as an environmental transformer, an artefact of climate, vegetation, and culture. This article seeks to promote collaborative research in the examination of fire and its effects in time and space, ultimately seeking fine-resolution transdisciplinary studies that encompass a range of knowledge systems in partnership research and as a means to address future methodological challenges.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Historic sites – Australia"
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Saeedi, Azin. "Community Participation in Conservation Proposals of Islamic Pilgrimage Sites". W The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a4025pfdgv.
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There is increasing pressure on urban landscapes surrounding Islamic pilgrimage sites to accommodate growing numbers of pilgrims. Recent developments have responded to this issue with comprehensive clearance of historic urban landscapes, constructing grand open spaces and dislocating local residents. The traditional expansion of Islamic pilgrimage sites was characterised by a layering of interconnected structures with continuous functions that merged gradually over time into the surrounding landscape. The rift between the traditional urban growth and the recent expansion approach across the Muslim world is inconsistent with international developments that seek to incorporate sustainable development into urban heritage conservation. To achieve sustainability, developments should meet intergenerational equity and protect the interests of stakeholders including the community. Literature has established two operational characteristics for sustainable development that helps gauging the extent to which it is integrated into practice: Stakeholder participation and strategic planning. Participatory processes create shared visons among stakeholders and facilitate long-term directions. However, in non-Western contexts where decision-making power and financial control reside in the central state, participation is either considered a threat to the state or its potential benefit is unrecognised. This paper argues where conservation objectives are determined by experts in isolation from the community’s interests, the plans fail to be achieved. This will be demonstrated by undertaking a comparative analysis of conservation proposals prepared by international heritage experts for Islamic pilgrimage sites of Mecca, Medina, Kāzimayn and Shiraz. Visited by millions of pilgrims annually, the four sites have similar clearance and expansion patterns. This paper analyses the extent of community participation integrated into these proposals as one of the significant operational dimensions of sustainable development and a crucial link that enhances strategic planning. Finally, by reflecting on site specifics and social methods, this paper recommends participatory methods to enhance community engagement.
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Burns, Karen, i Harriet Edquist. "Women, Media, Design, and Material Culture in Australia, 1870-1920". W The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a4017pbe75.
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Over the last forty years feminist historians have commented on the under-representation or marginalisation of women thinkers and makers in design, craft, and material culture. (Kirkham and Attfield, 1989; Attfield, 2000; Howard, 2000: Buckley, 1986; Buckley, 2020:). In response particular strategies have been developed to write women back into history. These methods expand the sites, objects and voices engaged in thinking about making and the space of the everyday world. The problem, however, is even more acute in Australia where we lack secondary histories of many design disciplines. With the notable exception of Julie Willis and Bronwyn Hanna (2001) or Burns and Edquist (1988) we have very few overview histories. This paper will examine women’s contribution to design thinking and making in Australia as a form of cultural history. It will explore the methods and challenges in developing a chronological and thematic history of women’s design making practice and design thinking in Australia from 1870 – 1920 where the subjects are not only designers but also journalists, novelists, exhibiters, and correspondents. We are interested in using media (exhibitions and print culture) as a prism: to examine how and where women spoke to design and making, what topics they addressed, and the ideas they formed to articulate the nexus between women, making and place.
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Waggit, Peter W., i Alan R. Hughes. "History of Groundwater Chemistry Changes (1979–2001) at the Nabarlek Uranium Mine, Australia". W ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4640.
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The Nabarlek uranium mine is located in the Alligator Rivers Region of the Northern Territory of Australia. The site lies in the wet/dry topics with an annual rainfall of about 1400mm, which falls between October and April. The site operated as a “no release” mine and mill between 1979 and 1988 after which time the facility was mothballed until decommissioning was required by the Supervising Authorities in 1994. The dismantling of the mill and rehabilitation earthworks were completed in time for the onset of the 1995–96 wet season. During the operational phase accumulation of excess water resulted in irrigation of waste water being allowed in areas of natural forest bushland. The practice resulted in adverse impacts being observed, including a high level of tree deaths in the forest and degradation of water quality in both ground and surface waters in the vicinity. A comprehensive environmental monitoring programme was in place throughout the operating and rehabilitation phases of the mine’s life, which continues, albeit at a reduced level. Revegetation of the site, including the former irrigation areas, is being observed to ascertain if the site can be handed back to the Aboriginal Traditional Owners. A comprehensive review of proximal water sampling points was undertaken in 2001 and the data used to provide a snapshot of water quality to assist with modelling the long term prognosis for the water resources in the area. While exhibiting detectable effects of mining activities, water in most of the monitoring bores now meets Australian drinking water guideline levels. The paper reviews the history of the site and examines the accumulated data on water quality for the site to show how the situation is changing with time. The paper also presents an assessment of the long term future of the site in respect of water quality.
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Waggitt, Peter, i Mike Fawcett. "Completion of the South Alligator Valley Remediation: Northern Territory, Australia". W ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16198.
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13 uranium mines operated in the South Alligator Valley of Australia’s Northern Territory between 1953 and 1963. At the end of operations the mines, and associated infrastructure, were simply abandoned. As this activity preceded environmental legislation by about 15 years there was neither any obligation, nor attempt, at remediation. In the 1980s it was decided that the whole area should become an extension of the adjacent World Heritage, Kakadu National Park. As a result the Commonwealth Government made an inventory of the abandoned mines and associated facilities in 1986. This established the size and scope of the liability and formed the framework for a possible future remediation project. The initial program for the reduction of physical and radiological hazards at each of the identified sites was formulated in 1989 and the works took place from 1990 to 1992. But even at this time, as throughout much of the valley’s history, little attention was being paid to the long term aspirations of traditional land owners. The traditional Aboriginal owners, the Gunlom Land Trust, were granted freehold Native Title to the area in 1996. They immediately leased the land back to the Commonwealth Government so it would remain a part of Kakadu National Park, but under joint management. One condition of the lease required that all evidence of former mining activity be remediated by 2015. The consultation, and subsequent planning processes, for a final remediation program began in 1997. A plan was agreed in 2003 and, after funding was granted in 2005, works implementation commenced in 2007. An earlier paper described the planning and consultation stages, experience involving the cleaning up of remant uranium mill tailings and other mining residues; and the successful implementation of the initial remediation works. This paper deals with the final planning and design processes to complete the remediation programme, which is due to occur in 2009. The issues of final containment design and long term stewardship are addressed in the paper as well as some comments on lessons learned through the life of the project.
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O’Kane, Michael, Greg Meiers i Chris McCombe. "Design, Construction and Performance Monitoring of the Large-Scale Waste Rock Cover System Field Trials at the Historic Mount Morgan Mine Site in Queensland, Australia". W First International Seminar on Mine Closure. Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.36487/acg_repo/605_35.
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Yousefnia, Ali Rad. "Provocation, Ultra-Resistance and Representation: A Case Study-Based Research Course & the Student Exhibition ‘Re- Presented’". W The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a3993p1uq3.
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The core premise of the paper focuses on approaching a specific case study as the subject and the object of an architectural research heritage course, in this case, the UQ Union complex (UQU). During the summer semester 2020 – 2021, thirteen students in the M. Arch program at the University of Queensland (UQ) studied and interpreted the tangible and intangible heritages of the UQU. Once an award-winning project back in the 1960s, the entire complex faced the threat of demolition by the university’s proposed master plan in 2017. There is no doubt that the demolition proposal was an ‘Ultra’ decision. The process followed an ‘Ultra’ reaction in the form of a campaign for saving UQU, supported by hundreds of activists, UQ staff, students, and alumni. Therefore, an ‘Ultra’ synthesis emerged from this dialectic. Besides the pedagogical approaches of the course, the site’s rich history shaped an important section of the paper. Given the spirit of the recent period, the ‘ultra-temporal’ and uncertain times caused by the COVID-19 pandemic created an ambiguous situation, and there is a major pause for the demolition proposal. The new response from the UQ administration was also briefly discussed at the end of the paper. Within the course, the curiosity to have an in-depth understanding of a built environment transformed and evolved. Thus, the outcome was two exhibitions titled ‘re-Presented’ as a result of this collective work. The course created the opportunity for students to think critically about the role of the UQU Complex within the new master plan and re-image its position in the university’s future by their provocative proposals. These innovative and creative exhibition pieces went beyond conventional methods of documentation. The paper focuses on the students’ journey and how they unpacked the site’s history. It explains how their ideas re-presented a daily built environment that has dispatched from its past and alienated among its users. In summary, an ‘Ultra’ perspective, such as the one exemplified by the described course, comes back in a full circle.
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Weir, F. M., R. Brehaut i G. Mostyn. "Development of a 3D Geotechnical Model and Discrete Fracture Network Approach for a Review of Dam Footing Stability". W 3rd International Discrete Fracture Network Engineering Conference. ARMA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-dfne-22-0002.
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Abstract This paper presents the development of a three-dimensional (3D) geotechnical model for an existing water dam in Queensland, Australia. The model incorporated data from historic construction records, recent investigation data as well as previously developed two-dimensional cross section interpretations and geological mapping records. The 3D model provided the project team and other stakeholders the ability to interrogate the ground model to an unprecedented level of detail. The geotechnical model development was complimented by an in-depth rock mechanics assessment to investigate kinematically feasible sliding mechanisms beneath the dam spillway and abutments. This package of work included creation of a discrete fracture network model. The DFN modelling in this study was undertaken in two stages, with an initial model built to be representative of sub-horizontal fractures (with a dip of <15°), followed by a refined model, built to be representative of all fractures at the site. The paper presents the input parameters, derivation of these parameters along with the model generation process are presented for both stages. The modelling was undertaken for both rock mass visualization and sliced on two cross-sections for input into 2D Finite Element analyses. This was particularly targeted at understanding intact rock forming bridges between laterally persistent defects within the volcanic host rock that were previously identified as a key risk to dam stability in the event of an overtopping event.
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Sun, Feng, G. Aguilar, K. M. Kelly i G. X. Wang. "Thermal Analysis for Cryosurgery of Nodular Basal Cell Carcinoma". W ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-15963.
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Basel cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common human skin malignancy. Its incidence has increased significantly in Australia, Europe and North America over the past decade. A number of modalities are currently used for treatment of BCC, including cryosurgery which offers a potential for high cure rate, low cost, minimal bleeding and good cosmetic effect. However, cryosurgery is not used frequently for BCC because no current method exists to design adequate treatment parameters. We present a numerical analysis on the thermal history of the target tissue during cryosurgery of a nodular BCC using liquid nitrogen (LN2) spray. The model uses Pennes equation to describe the heat transfer within the target tissue. A convective thermal boundary is used to describe the heat interaction between the tissue and LN2, and the apparent heat capacity method is applied to address the tissue phase change process. A parametric study is conducted on the convective heat transfer coefficient (hs: 104~106 W/m2·K), cooling site area (rs/R0: 0.5~1.0) and spray time (t: 0~30 sec.), with the objective to understand the thermal history during tissue freezing, including lethal temperature (-50 °C) and cooling rate (CR). Results demonstrate that propagation of the lethal isotherm is sensitive to the convective heat transfer coefficient, hs, with a range of 104~5×104 W/m2·K. Increasing the cooling site area can significantly enhance cooling efficiency, producing dramatic increase in the amount of tissue encompassed by the lethal isotherm. The cooling rate (CR) shows a highly dynamic distribution during the cooling process: the highest CR drops quickly from 140 °C/sec. (t=0.5 sec.) to 20 °C/sec. (t=5 sec.). The highest CR is initially located close to the cooling site but moves toward the inside of the tissue as treatment proceeds. The model presented herein provides a simulation tool for treatment planning of cryosurgery using LN2 spray, in which the protocol parameters, e.g. cooling site area and spray time, can be determined for an optimal outcome. The quantitative predictions on the propagation of lethal isotherm and the distribution of CR should help to optimize cryosurgery efficacy.
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Whelan, J. R., Y. Drobyshevski i J. D. McConochie. "Frequency and Time Domain Analyses of Vessel Motions During Tropical Cyclones". W ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-80098.
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A permanently turret moored floating facility located off the North West coast of Australia is likely to be exposed to tropical cyclones, which exhibit extreme wave height, wind and surface currents. Furthermore the cyclonic eye and fringes are characterised by rapidly varying metocean conditions, particularly wind speed and direction. It is necessary to understand the weather vaning and motion responses of the vessel during these transient conditions for successful facility development. This paper presents weather vaning and motion analyses of a Floating Storage and Offloading (FSO) vessel during the passage of tropical cyclones. A synthetic tropical data base developed by Woodside Energy Limited was used to generate the cyclonic conditions. The data base contains storms with return periods ranging from 10 to 100,000 years. Time histories of wave spectrum, wind and current at half-hourly intervals for several cyclones were examined. The weather vaning and motions responses of the FSO were computed using two methods: (1) a frequency domain quasi-stationary approach, and (2) a time domain approach. In the frequency domain analyses the metocean conditions were treated as stationary for each half-hour interval and the mean vessel heading and most probable amplitudes of motions were calculated. In the time domain analyses, the time histories of metocean conditions were closely matched to the synthesised cyclonic conditions, and time histories of vessel heading and motion responses were generated. Multiple realisations were simulated for each cyclone to assess variability of results associated with wave train random seed. A key finding of the study is that the worst roll response tends to occur after the eye of the cyclone has passed, at which time the wind and waves were highly non-collinear. At this time the vessel weather vanes so as to experience waves which are substantially beam-on. When the cyclonic eye is directly over the site, there is a reduction in wind speed and as a consequence the vessel weather vanes into the sea. This causes a corresponding reduction in the roll response. Results from both analysis methods have been compared and good agreement is observed. The applicability and limitations of the two analyses methods are also considered.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Historic sites – Australia"
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McIntyre, Phillip, Susan Kerrigan i Marion McCutcheon. Australian Cultural and Creative Activity: A Population and Hotspot Analysis: Albury-Wodonga. Queensland University of Technology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.206966.
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Albury-Wodonga, situated in Wiradjuri country, sits astride the Murray River and has benefitted in many ways from its almost equidistance from Sydney and Melbourne. It has found strength in the earlier push for decentralisation begun in early 1970s. A number of State and Federal agencies have ensured middle class professionals now call this region home. Light industry is a feature of Wodonga while Albury maintains the traditions and culture of its former life as part of the agricultural squattocracy. Both Local Councils are keen to work cooperatively to ensure the region is an attractive place to live signing an historical partnership agreement. The region’s road, rail, increasing air links and now digital infrastructure, keep it closely connected to events elsewhere. At the same time its distance from the metropolitan centres has meant it has had to ensure that its creative and cultural life has been taken into its own hands. The establishment of the sophisticated Murray Art Museum Albury (MAMA) as well as the presence of the LibraryMuseum, Hothouse Theatre, Fruit Fly Circus, The Cube, Arts Space and the development of Gateway Island on the Murray River as a cultural hub, as well as the high profile activities of its energetic, entrepreneurial and internationally savvy locals running many small businesses, events and festivals, ensures Albury Wodonga has a creative heart to add to its rural and regional activities.
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Heitman, Joshua L., Alon Ben-Gal, Thomas J. Sauer, Nurit Agam i John Havlin. Separating Components of Evapotranspiration to Improve Efficiency in Vineyard Water Management. United States Department of Agriculture, marzec 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594386.bard.
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Vineyards are found on six of seven continents, producing a crop of high economic value with much historic and cultural significance. Because of the wide range of conditions under which grapes are grown, management approaches are highly varied and must be adapted to local climatic constraints. Research has been conducted in the traditionally prominent grape growing regions of Europe, Australia, and the western USA, but far less information is available to guide production under more extreme growing conditions. The overarching goal of this project was to improve understanding of vineyard water management related to the critical inter-row zone. Experiments were conducted in moist temperate (North Carolina, USA) and arid (Negev, Israel) regions in order to address inter-row water use under high and low water availability conditions. Specific objectives were to: i) calibrate and verify a modeling technique to identify components of evapotranspiration (ET) in temperate and semiarid vineyard systems, ii) evaluate and refine strategies for excess water removal in vineyards for moist temperate regions of the Southeastern USA, and iii) evaluate and refine strategies for water conservation in vineyards for semi-arid regions of Israel. Several new measurement and modeling techniques were adapted and assessed in order to partition ET between favorable transpiration by the grapes and potentially detrimental water use within the vineyard inter-row. A micro Bowen ratio measurement system was developed to quantify ET from inter-rows. The approach was successful at the NC site, providing strong correlation with standard measurement approaches and adding capability for continuous, non-destructive measurement within a relatively small footprint. The environmental conditions in the Negev site were found to limit the applicability of the technique. Technical issues are yet to be solved to make this technique sufficiently robust. The HYDRUS 2D/3D modeling package was also adapted using data obtained in a series of intense field campaigns at the Negev site. The adapted model was able to account for spatial variation in surface boundary conditions, created by diurnal canopy shading, in order to accurately calculate the contribution of interrow evaporation (E) as a component of system ET. Experiments evaluated common practices in the southeastern USA: inter-row cover crops purported to reduce water availability and thereby favorably reduce grapevine vegetative growth; and southern Israel: drip irrigation applied to produce a high value crop with maximum water use efficiency. Results from the NC site indicated that water use by the cover crop contributed a significant portion of vineyard ET (up to 93% in May), but that with ample rainfall typical to the region, cover crop water use did little to limit water availability for the grape vines. A potential consequence, however, was elevated below canopy humidity owing to the increased inter-row evapotranspiration associated with the cover crops. This creates increased potential for fungal disease occurrence, which is a common problem in the region. Analysis from the Negev site reveals that, on average, E accounts for about10% of the total vineyard ET in an isolated dripirrigated vineyard. The proportion of ET contributed by E increased from May until just before harvest in July, which could be explained primarily by changes in weather conditions. While non-productive water loss as E is relatively small, experiments indicate that further improvements in irrigation efficiency may be possible by considering diurnal shading effects on below canopy potential ET. Overall, research provided both scientific and practical outcomes including new measurement and modeling techniques, and new insights for humid and arid vineyard systems. Research techniques developed through the project will be useful for other agricultural systems, and the successful synergistic cooperation amongst the research team offers opportunity for future collaboration.