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Terrades, Gilbert. "L' euthanasie, entre histoire et éthique. Approche anthropologique". Montpellier 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON30071.
Pełny tekst źródłaOlivier, Michèle. "L'infirmière hospitalière : vêtement, identité, interactions : une approche anthropologique". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CLF20016.
Pełny tekst źródłaTuaillon, Demésy Audrey. "L'histoire vivante médiévale. Approche socio-anthropologique". Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01062398.
Pełny tekst źródłaLambach, François. "Les sépultures "Michelsberg" d'Alsace : étude anthropologique et paléopathologique". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR1M032.
Pełny tekst źródłaRabault-Feuerhahn, Pascale. "L'extension anthropologique de la philologie : histoire des études sanscrites en Allemagne (1808-1914)". Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX10061.
Pełny tekst źródłaSignoli, Michel. "Etude anthropologique de crises démographiques en contexte épidémique : aspects paléo et biodémographiques de la Peste en Provence". Aix-Marseille 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX2651U.
Pełny tekst źródłaMboukou, Rigobert Jean Serge. "Le champ méssianique : éléments pour une lecture historique et socio-anthropologique de l'espace congolais". Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0167.
Pełny tekst źródłaHow to account for the stirrings and the religious burgeoning of Congolese Africa? How to access an understanding of the complex, multi referential systems, "cobbled tegether"(C. Levi-Strauss) and set up by the various actors. How to decipher the often disturbing evolutions of the characters and the politico-religious movements in the congolese space. What logic lies behind their dynamism? Here is a series of the questions raised in this thesis along with others of the same kind. To open a path of intelligibility, i have studied what i consider the founding event of modernity in Congo : Messianism. My thesis aims at measuring the centrality and the complexity of this event as well as the various meanings it still infers today. The Messianic event is an engine whose constitution and explosion initiate an "establishing rupture"(M. De Certeau) and a new "time order"(K. Pomian). A decisive field arises from that theorretically fertile place which will tend to organise, influence and re-order the whole set of theoretic and practical experiences in history. Messianism in Congo is thus a high place of intelligibility that canstand for a reading-grid, a cardinal notion to study the social actor's ways, their implicationsand their meanings more easily. Amidst upheaval and hidrances of all kinds, it can be used as an analyser to free a space to interpret snatches of conversation, scraps of tales, rhythmas, fights, speeches and disorders in a society involved in building "a tentative world order" (M. Augé)
Chaouachi, Kamal. "Le narguilé : analyse socio-anthropologique : culture, convivialité, histoire et tabacologie d'un mode d'usage populaire du tabac". Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100116.
Pełny tekst źródłaNgolet, François. "La dispersion ongom en afrique centrale : approche historique et anthropologique (des origines a 1930) (co-dirige par m. g. cholvy)". Montpellier 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON30011.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe ultimate goal of this dissertation is to attempt an aswer to the following question : why are the ongom so curiously soattered in small settlements over such a large area of central africa ? in their native southwest congo the ongom developed a culture which leads them to showly disperse over a vast expanse of central africa. This first migration was, therefore, the result of an extension of the pre-migratory culture. In their new situation they would then start engaging actively in the 19th century slave trade. The fang, leaving their northen territories, would came and disturb their southem settlements and force them to soatter over a woder area. This second wave of migration is the result of an economic conflict over the control of strategic tracts of land. Once again dispersed, the ongom were to suffer another series of restraints at the hands of colonial administration. During their resistance movements, the ongom obliged the french colonists to adopt a policy of repression which resulted in their regrouping along waterways and trails. This third movement was triggered by a political decision. Thus, the ongom established permanent residence in the territories where we find them today. In sumary, the analysis of the precolonial cultural expansion, the economic conflicts of the slave trade era and, finally, of a political decision attempt to bring a provisional answer to the central question of the dissertation
Tamari, Tal. "Les castes au Soudan Occidental : étude anthropologique et historique". Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100018.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe thesis bears on the "castes" (groups of endogamous specialists) characteristic of some fifteen ethnic groups of west Africa (the savannah zone and adjacent regions of the desert and forest zones), including the Manding, Soninke, Songhay, Fulani, Tukulor, Wolof, Dogon, Senufo, Minianka, Dan, Moors and Tuaregs. The castes most frequently encountered are those of the bards (musician-praise singers), blacksmiths, leatherworkers, and woodworkers. The thesis compares the western Sudanese "castes" to other systems and institutions termed "castes" around the world. The historical portion of the thesis makes use of medieval Arabic sources, Arabic language chronicles composed in West Africa, and European travelers’ accounts, as well as oral sources including the Manding epic of Sunjata. The comparison of the vocabularies used in the different West African languages for designating the caste people shows many instances of word borrowing, permitting in some cases to trace the migrations of caste people. The historical portion shows that caste people were present among the Manding before 1300, among the Wolof before 1500, and among the Soninke, Fulani and Songhay before 1600. It shows that all western Sudanese castes ultimately developed from at most three centers, located among the Manding, Soninke and Wolof
Doux, Amandine. "La poupée d'artiste au XXème siècle : étude historique et anthropologique de cet objet intermédiaire". Grenoble 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE29032.
Pełny tekst źródłaWe will tackle here a first inventory of the various aspects, meanings and uses of the doll, and this in different fields : witchcraft, painting, medicine, folklore and toy. These approaches can constitute a possible genesis of the artist doll. If their processes differ as much as the aspects of their creations, here are gathered together dolls creators such as Hans Bellmer, Oskar Kokoschka, Kazuyo Oshima. For the making of this doll, which is also called here intermediary object, that will be at the same time motivations, goals and possible reasons of this creation often considered more than a sculpture or any artistic work. The particularity of these artist dolls lies in their anthropomorphism which inscribes them into a life game. Finally these artists, kinds of "Pygmalion", have close relations with these objects and the creation worlds and the artist's world sometimes tend to merge
Cottias, Myriam. "La famille antillaise du XVIIème au XIXème siècle, étude anthropologique et démographique : enracinements créoles". Paris, EHESS, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990EHES0041.
Pełny tekst źródłaMauffette-Vachon, Michelle. "Portrait anthropologique d'un acteur social dans une famille industrielle verviétoise (Belgique, Province de Liège) au XIXe siècle". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28407.
Pełny tekst źródłaBlanchard, Stéphane. "Une lecture sociologique et anthropologique du fait éducatif dans l'institution maçonnique". Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR129.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis focuses on "a sociological and anthropological reading of the educational fact in the Masonic institution" and more particularly on the French obedience in activity. It strives to demonstrate that the Masonic method is indeed an educational method, hosting educational and didactic contents. To study educational invariants (principles, approaches, techniques, tools), a comparative analysis of content from the "common base of knowledge, skills and culture" established by the Ministry of Education was performed. The initiation ceremony and its corollaries through the provision of its symbolic toolbox. We explain the content based on the analysis of the results from materials (questionnaires, semi-directive interviews, participating observations) and with regard to the values claimed by Freemasonry: educability, perfectibility and universality. Furthermore, we explain whether the Masonic method falls within an explanatory framework of learning with the analysis of the typology of contents and the biographical strategies implemented by Homo masonicus. The initiation ceremony is defined beforehand as a permanent primary socialization activity in which Homo masonicus uses resources to regularly update his biographical capital and renew his biographical experience. Thus, it recontextualizes the biographical units of capital in the collective biography of the Lodge. We analyzed individualized biographies, the learning processes observed in the lodge and the established metacognitive strategies and we compared them to the reading grid of Bloom's taxonomy. The thesis focuses on the thematic analysis of the transmission of knowledge and plural identities through a pluri-disciplinary reading, mainly articulated around four axes: sociological, anthropological, biographical and educational, in general. From this perspective, these four axes focus on demonstrating the successive stages of content analysis through the analysis grid designed for this research. The axes critically analyze the processes of an internalization of the educational practice in the lodge and of its reciprocal transposition to the outside in a dialogic principle.To illuminate this topic, we had to clarify the socio-historical context of the French obedience and explain how several invariants are largely inspired by the traditional system of transmission of knowledge and training to a profession, which is anchored mainly in guild communities, craft-people and, more broadly, corporations like cathedral builders
Cintract, Aurélien. "L'inégalité devant la mort : Approche socio-anthropologique de la mortalité différentielle en France". Thesis, Besançon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BESA1004/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIf we look through sociology, anthropology, demography and history, one may notice that death, being abiological phenomenon, a natural fact, is also a cultural fact in front of which men are not equal. For, despitethe progress made throughout history regarding life expectancy, death does not strike everyone the same way.After having thoroughly analysed mortality statistics according to different variables (gender, employment,education, marriage settlement, housing), we insist on living conditions-mainly on working conditions-whichmay have consequences on a person's physical and psychological state. We show how way of life, housing, theenvironment or even affiliations can affect life expectancy. Disadvantaged backgrounds, made vulnerablebecause of their living conditions, since they cannot avoid some factors of risk, are even more subject to causesthat may lead to a pathology, sooner or later. In that respect, we can talk about a social inequality againstmorbidity, that is to say an inequality against all the various factors which may lead to disease, then to death.Thanks to our research, we learn that unequal death is a result of unequal social conditions. Mortality statisticsdepict the sum of the inequalities, lived and integrated. Eventually, the highest death rates of the dominatedclasses could be read as a product of domination. Indeed, the socio-anthropological approach tries to make alink between a social issue, emphasizing on phenomena of domination through social relationships, andbiological effectors of behaviours, giving an overall vision, in a proper anthropological way of the phenomenonstudied. Finally, death is culturally established
Gamarra, Carrillo Jefrey Antonio. "Intellectuels et anthropologues des provinces, radicalisme politique ou régionalisme : histoire culturelle et anthropologique à Ayacucho, Pérou 1920-1970". Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0181.
Pełny tekst źródłaAt the end of the 20th century, an armed conflict took place in Peru whose origins and factors that triggered it continue to be discussed even today. This conflict, with the epicenter in the Andean city of Ayacucho, compromised the public university in that region of Peru and the center of education in general since a good part of those who formed part of the subversive group, the Shining Path, were people linked to educational activities. This ultimately led scholars of the subversive phenomenon to trace the intellectual roots of the group that sought to take power through violence.The main approach that scholars take is that the radicalism of the group raised arms in response to a characteristic of the intellectual group of the province or region of the Peruvian highlands discontent with the Peruvian state and reluctant to the changes that impacts of modernization had taken in these spaces at the beginning of the last century. On the contrary, in this thesis we propose that the intellectuals of the provinces like Ayacucho of the first half of the century; far from being radical, they sought to solve the problems derived from a centralist country and with a hegemonic elite located in Lima, the capital of the country, which considered the provinces as spaces lost in time and unable to bend to modernization and modernity.The tensions and conflicts facing the capital shaped cultural relations as well as representations around the central state and the provinces of the interior of the country. The cultural history of Ayacucho cannot be separated from the way these intellectual groups constructed images around the nation, the region and the way of life in the provinces. That cultural history is expressed in the way in which anthropology of the provinces or regions like Ayacucho and Cusco has served to think and undertake the problem of hegemonic visions in Peru. The thesis does not directly tackle a study of the armed conflict, but rather the construction of representations around the intellectual traditions about radicalism and regionalism in the country
A fines del siglo XX tuvo lugar en el Perú un conflicto armado cuyos orígenes y factores que lo desencadenaron continúan siendo discutidos aún hoy. Este conflicto con epicentro en la ciudad andina de Ayacucho comprometió a la universidad pública en esa región del Perú y los centros de educación en general ya que buena parte de quienes de quienes formaron parte del grupo subversivo Sendero Luminoso eran personas ligadas a actividades educativas. Esto último condujo a los estudiosos del fenómeno subversivo a rastrear las raíces intelectuales del grupo que buscaba tomar el poder mediante la violencia. El planteamiento principal que los estudiosos hacen al respecto es que el radicalismo del grupo alzado en armas responde a una característica de los grupos intelectuales de las provincias o regiones de la sierra peruana descontentos con el Estado peruano y reacios a los cambios que el impacto de la modernización ha tenido en estos espacios a principios del siglo pasado. Contrariamente, en esta tesis planteamos que los intelectuales de las provincias como Ayacucho de la primera mitad de siglo; lejos de ser radicales más bien buscaban resolver los problemas derivados de un país centralista y con una élite hegemónica ubicada en Lima, la capital del país, que consideraba a las provincias como espacios extraviados en el tiempo e incapaces de plegarse a la modernización y modernidad. Las tensiones y conflictos frente a la capital configuraron relaciones culturales además de representaciones en torno al Estado central y las provincias del interior del país. La historia cultural de Ayacucho no puede desligarse de la manera cómo estos grupos intelectuales construyeron imágenes en torno a la nación, la región y el modo de vida de las provincias. Esa Historia Cultural se expresa en la manera cómo la antropología de las provincias o regiones como Ayacucho y Cusco ha servido para pensar y abordar el problema de las visiones hegemónicas en el Perú. La tesis no aborda directamente el estudio de la Lucha Armada pero sí la construcción de representaciones en torno a las tradiciones intelectuales sobre el radicalismo y el regionalismo en el país
BUFFARD, DEJOUR FRANCOISE. "La symbolique de l'argent : histoire anthropologique, psychanalytique et institutionnelle ; a propos du centre medico-psycho-pedagogique de rockefeller (lyon)". Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1M125.
Pełny tekst źródłaAignan, Fabien. "Ecologie et économie du fait religieux dans l'enseignement de l'histoire au collège et au lycée en France : une approche par la théorie anthropologique du didactique". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0143.
Pełny tekst źródłaDespite the secularisation of the French society, religion takes an important place in our daily life. The religious fact is an important cog in the understanding of our world, and the teaching of it becomes a necessity.Our thesis focus on the teaching of history in secondary education, through the analysis of school textbooks published between 2008 and 2012, that correspond to a coherent set from year 7 to year 13. We grasp the phenomenon of didactic transposition of the ‘religious fact’ object within the textbooks. In the frame of the Anthropological Theory of didactics, we study the teaching of religious fact through its tool and set light on the praxeology complexes we can find in the history textbooks. In front of tasks we already find in the ‘tell’ ‘describe’, and ‘explain’ requirements, we can bring out the existence of different techniques that come under iconography or narration exploitationblurred outlines of the religious fact as an object, prevalence of monotheism, confinement of the subject in the past, our study brings light on large variations in the presentation of our subject and on the very cautious way the school treat with the teaching of the religious fact
Schumm, Marion. "L’intrigue anthropologique : conceptions, descriptions et narrations de l’homme dans l’œuvre de Hans Blumenberg". Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100111/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaFirst appreciated for the contribution made to the ‘Secularisation’ debate, along with its conception of ‘Metaphorology’, the work of Hans Blumenberg represents a complex and original philosophical anthropology, the core reflections of which form the central focus of this dissertation. We begin from a point of questioning whether “anthropology” and “man” are not simply terms used to describe a field of academic practice and it’s topic of study, but rather two distinct issues to be examined. The dominant motive of Blumenberg’s thought is to be found in a critical dialogue with phenomenology, but he is not interested in simply contributing an anthropological ‘chapter’ to the field, rather he works to criticise and seek a total reform of the theses, methodology and implicit principles therein. He similarly refuses to rerun the familiar philosophical debates regarding man, instead questioning the possibility of man, inspired by the German philosophical tradition. This thesis will assess and critically consider this ‘negative’ turn in Blumenberg’s thought. Do his descriptions and narrative conveying the human as a fundamentally lacking being not tend to invoke a ‘promethean’ conception of man, the very assumptions of which they seek to criticise?Through analysis of Blumenberg’s discursive procedures and consideration of his theses, our interpretation intends to demonstrate their sense of ambivalence as well as their considered abundance. Ultimately, what is to be found in the work of this author is a collection of approaches to the ‘second nature’ of man which together describe the unease inherent in the cultural condition, as well as the intermittencies of the subject
Mānandhara, Suśīlā. "Bijoux et parures traditionnels des Néwar au Népal : une approche anthropologique et historique". Paris 10, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA100056.
Pełny tekst źródłaCintract, Aurelien. "L'inégalité devant la mort : Approche socio-anthropologique de la mortalité différentielle en France". Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00942716.
Pełny tekst źródłaFeng, Chen. "La Découverte de l'Occident : regard anthropologique des premiers diplomates chinois sur l'Europe occidentale : 1866-1894". Paris, EHESS, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EHES0040.
Pełny tekst źródłaDuring the second half of the 19th century, the oing gouvernment sent the first chinese diplomates to western europe. According to the orders of the qing gouvernment, the chinese diplomates were obliged to submit written accounts on western civilization these diarries constitute a precious documentation of the immediate perception of western civilization by the first group of chinese intellectuals sent to europe. What surprised these trevellers most in western civilization? how do they perceive the cultural context of europe, using the chinese cultural and historical experences, their traditional intellectual formation and their own psychology? finally, how do they arrive at a readjustment of chinese culture in the world? these are tha main questions of this dissertation. Another subject: do these first chinese intellectuals sent to europe develop a kind of "occidentalisme" corresponding to western "orientalisme"?
Amir, Misha. "«La nation n'est pas un concept vague, elle coule dans nos veines» : conscience historique et représentations de l'héritage canadien-français des mouvances identitaires québécoises". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67067.
Pełny tekst źródłaPeigney, Salomé. "Représenter l’homme ordinaire. Histoire et sémiologie d’un commun du voir sur un commun aux hommes". Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020068/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaRepresenting the ordinary man is, in this work, considering that a common look is built on a human common. Ordinary comes from the word ordo, « arranged by order ». This is not about shapes or forms but more about a view. This work is not about the ordinary man but about a view that can see an ordinary man. This is a political view, that told what has to be seen in a society. It is a violence, and a comfort of viewing at the same time : a representation that imposes what is a man, definitely, but also, comfort of views that gather around a figure that they recognize and share.Representing the ordinary man, in Les Caractères by La Bruyère, in the Physiologies published in the XIX century press, in anatomical and physiological pictures, in Les Français peints par eux-mêmes, on an IKEA catalog cover or in a people magazine pages, is addressing a representation to a public that recognizes something that comes from a common view and a common living, that this public learned to recognize in a society. Recognizing something ordinary, and something ordinary about men, means that individuals can be identified the same way. This is not a gender notion, but a formula that leads to the « common seeing » of a society. We searched how to be able to see an ordinary man : our work remains in semiotics of seeing that asks how a society builds categories of seeing that permits to whose who share them to build a common seeing
Brébant, Emilie. "La Vierge, la guerre, la vérité: approche anthropologique et transnationale des apparitions mariales rwandaises". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209913.
Pełny tekst źródłaEn 2001, la déclaration de reconnaissance mentionne, parmi les signes de crédibilité des apparitions, « la journée du 15 août 1982 qui fut marquée notamment, contre toute attente, par des visions effroyables, qui dans la suite se sont avérées prophétiques au vu des drames humains vécus au Rwanda et dans l’ensemble des pays de notre région des Grands Lacs ». Cette lecture officielle qui confère un horizon de sens aux événements, instituant la prophétie en des termes choisis permettant d’y entrevoir le génocide comme l’hécatombe du choléra dans les camps de réfugiés du Congo, est diversement négociée par les acteurs locaux, même si la conviction de la réalisation d’une prophétie est quasi-unanime. Du point de vue des pèlerins, les apparitions demeurent relativement problématiques. Elles exigent de chacun qu’il négocie sa position en fonction d’une représentation de l’orthodoxie constamment réévaluée dans les limites de ce qui est expérimenté et affirmé comme une identité catholique. Cette difficulté est notamment due à la multiplicité des individus qui ont revendiqué ou revendiquent encore des visions ou apparitions, alors que seules trois jeunes filles ont été reconnues par l’Eglise catholique en 2001.
Après avoir soigneusement défini le cadre socio-historique des apparitions rwandaises, en abordant la question depuis le point de vue de voyants non reconnus - dont l’une expatriée en Belgique - et de ceux qui leur sont proches, la thèse propose une analyse des discours par lesquels ceux-ci se définissent et négocient la légitimité de leur pratique religieuse. Une attention particulière a été portée aux outils stéréotypés de la critique (sexualité, politique, vénalité…), mobilisés dans le cadre des tensions et conflits qui opposent différents acteurs individuels et collectifs. Par ailleurs, les mécanismes qui président aux rhétoriques de la construction de soi ont été mis en lumière, notamment par le biais des récits de guerre qui fondent une identité de survivant liée à la conviction d’une intervention mariale. Ce processus se confond souvent avec ceux qui président à la construction du pouvoir de la Vierge, et donc des voyants. Finalement, au travers de l’analyse des représentations touchant notamment à la prophétie du génocide et de la guerre civile, les nouveaux rapports au national se font jour, les violences des années nonante étant intégrées dans un schéma biblique qui opère un basculement significatif :parce que le Rwanda serait touché de plein fouet par la Mal, il a été choisi par Dieu et par la Vierge comme noyau de la Nouvelle Evangélisation. À travers l’analyse du rapport au divin, à l’autorité, aux représentations de la modernité que les mots des acteurs reflètent, c’est le catholicisme vécu qui s’éclaire à l’ombre du sanctuaire et de son appareil médiatique foisonnant, ce catholicisme empirique dont la richesse se renouvelle à chaque « enculturation » comme au passage des générations successives et dont il importe, pour l’anthropologie comme pour l’histoire du christianisme, d’approcher l’infinie variété.
Doctorat en Philosophie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Guyon, Anthony. "De l'indigène au soldat : les tirailleurs sénégalais de 1919 à 1940 : approche anthropologique et prosopographique". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MON30036/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaFrom 1919 to 1940, The Senegalese Infantry Corps firmly established itself within the colonial army. Crowned by its relative success in World War I, the black army was subsequently considered a permanent army, tasked with fighting worldwide. After July 1919, recruitment relied on a draft lottery with the possibility of substitution.Detailed rules at the time were put in place to offer a means of placing soldiers from West African and Equatorial French colonies in France itself or in the Mediterranean basin. In this way, winter quarters and food supplies were given greater consideration.The African non-commissioned officer corps offered a training experience to further the careers of these men, considering their origins and their abilities as soldiers. Their training and their results on different tests also helped to better understand the expectations of the French Army General Staff and their respective divisions.In the end, the Senegalese Infantry Corps was assumed to be a stronger component of the French army. But in 1940, it became apparent that none of these efforts bore substancial reform and the black army suffered the same setbacks as the regular French army
Mestre, Claire. "Un hôpital à Madagascar : analyse anthropologique de la confrontation des pouvoirs, des savoirs et des représentations à l'hôpital de Toamasina". Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR21018.
Pełny tekst źródłaMakaya-Maswaku, Jean. "Interprétation socio-anthropologique des nouveaux mouvements religieux chrétiens dans la ville de Kikwit : :dialectique de la destruction-reconstruction de l'ordre symbolique du sacré". Tours, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOUR2001.
Pełny tekst źródłaPetit, Florence. "Polymorphisme érythrocytaire : approche anthropologique et interprétation de patterns de diversité génétique, entre peuplement et sélection". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0240.
Pełny tekst źródłaMy Ph.D. work is based on the search for a better understanding of the geographical distribution of red blood cell polymorphisms: the surface antigens of red cell blood group systems (BGS) and the intracellular glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). The analysis on 75 Eurasian populations of frequencies of the DI*01 allele coding for Diego a antigen of Diego BGS, the C2-M217 and C2-M401 haplotypes of the Y chromosome, geographic coordinates and languages, has shown a correlation between these markers. The DI*01 distribution seems to follow the Mongol conquests, carried by the Altaic-speaking nomads possessing the C2-M217 and C2-M401 haplotypes with a radial expansion from Mongolia. The study of the G6PD gene in 80 individuals from French Guiana of the Noir Marron community originating from sub-Saharan Africa, addresses health-environment relations. Characteristic mutations of sub-Saharan variants of G6PD deficiency have occurred in one in eight people. The G6PD deficiency distribution was previously unknown in French Guiana and is still poorly known in Latin America and the Caribbean, where Plasmodium vivax still cracks down. Its treatment requires the use of primaquine which may cause severe haemolysis in G6PD-deficient individuals. My third objective was to highlight the influence of different factors on the distribution of polymorphisms of 10 BGS studying 343 populations. Through model adjustments, allelic frequencies have been confronted to environmental and cultural data. Finally, a study has been also conducted on the Duffy BGS by analyses of detection of natural selection on SNP data
Marcoux, Robert. "L'espace, le monument et l'image du mort au Moyen Âge : une enquête anthropologique sur les tombeaux médiévaux de la Collection Gaignières". Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29959/29959.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaCournarie, Emmanuelle. "Approche socio-anthropologique d'une reconversion industrielle : de l'horlogerie aux microtechniques à Besançon". Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00839114.
Pełny tekst źródłaBoumrar, Sébastien. "La coutume dans les romans de chevalerie en France au Moyen Age (XIIème-XIIIème siècle) : étude historique, anthropologique et littéraire". Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040009.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the arthurian world, social organisation and chivalrous behaviour are regulated by customs that are felt to be obligatory, the lexical and thematic importance of custom reflects attitudes that were profoundly affected by traditional practice, indeed, the medieval French judicial system was based partly on the force of habit. The literature of chivalry proves, however, to be not so much a mirror of contemporary life as an echo of former beliefs, folktales and mythical narratives, which lend a highly archaic tone to "customs", ritual and obligatory confrontations and rules of conduct, Arthurian customs are literary artifices that play, along with adventures, an important role in the medieval novel from Chretien de Troyes to Ysaye le triste. They are essential evidence of the evolution of Arthurian narrative, between traditions and innovations
Mekemeza, Engo Aimée Prisca. "Étude et analyse anthropologique de la politique environnementale au Gabon : le cas du parc national des Monts De Cristal". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAG032/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work focuses on the management policies of the Park National in Gabon, and particularly those of the Cristal Mounts. It tries to understand, from an anthropological point of view, the processes of sidelining of the autochtonous populations of the natural environment in which they stock up with natural resources. The main concept which guides this thesis is the one of the "feudal management". Environmental policies, the objective of which is the long-lasting preservation of the Gabonese ecosystems turn into "marginalizing" and produce "perverse effects". Among these, the change of the social status of people living in the periphery of the park of Cristal Mounts, passing from "native" to "poacher". The legislation in force relative to the environmental protection upsets and transforms the lifestyle of the autochtonous populations. In reaction to these politics and in the absence of compensatory social measures, these populations join processes of resistance, always doubling ingenuity, next to the "migrant populations ", to take the resources of the park and protect their mode life. It is thus in modalities of permanent conflicts that get organized reports between the institutional actor, the autochtonous populations and the migrant populations
Da, Silva Ferreira Paulo Rogers. "Ce qui nous rassemble autour de la "dernière bière" : vivre le feeling du moment en Beauce (Québec)". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27046.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis offers an anthropological understanding of alcohol consumption and puts forward an innovative approach based on the « metaphysics of the near-ending ». This approach was developed following an ethnographic research conducted in the Beauce region of Quebec. Instead of considering alcohol as a social or public health problem, I sought to understand how and why we drink, in Beauce, letting myself be guided by local drinkers. By taking part in many evenings where beer is omnipresent, whether in garages, bars or the local arena, I allowed myself to be affected by words and sensations that go along with what they call the « feeling of the moment ». Looking back, I found that Beauce drinkers have developed defensive strategies to escape the control exerted on their alcoholic behavior and, more broadly, on alcoholism. In fact in the perspective of the « metaphysics of the near-ending », the amount of drinks consumed is not important, given the « feeling of the moment »; cultural or medical standards related to alcohol consumption do not prevail, and that is why this approach can explain the discourses and practices related to alcohol consumption which at first sight seem paradoxical or even completely absurd. To show how the approach put forward is distinctive, but especially to explain how alcohol consumption has come to represent, in anthropology as in other disciplines, a practical problem that must be understood in order to fight it, the first part of the thesis is a historical perspective of alcoholism as a scientific concept and social issue. I present a critical review of different approaches and concepts developed from the late seventeenth century by doctors, psychologists, economists, sociologists and euro-american anthropologists to address consumption, and especially what is considered as an excessive consumption of alcohol. I suggest that these scientists have conducted, for over two centuries, a crusade against « excessive drinkers ». Working with the State, temperance movements and private companies, they have contributed to containing alcohol abuse in the West. In the second part of the thesis, ethnography is used to support the theoretical perspective developed after the end of the fieldwork. I analyze how alcohol drinkers live and make last the « feeling of the moment » during social drinking. Throughout my field work, I discovered that alcohol drinkers have invented eleven strategies in order to live and sustain the « feeling of the moment » by consuming alcohol with others. These strategies are summarized in the concept of a « metaphysics of the near-ending ». They are a form of resistance in the context of a society that seeks to control alcoholic behavior.
Robidas, Josiane. "Pour le plaisir de la chose : analyse de contenu des conceptions et des usages du Kâmasûtra dans l'Occident contemporain". Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27239/27239.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaMatte, Isabelle. "Sortir de la religion : spécificités d'une sécularisation catholique au Québec et en Irlande : expériences du "Celtic Tiger" et de la Révolution tranquille". Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29647/29647.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaDarith, Chhem Rémy. "La réappropriation du foncier et du bâti de la ville de Battambang dans le contexte (post) socialiste du Cambodge (1979-1993)". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26876.
Pełny tekst źródłaAdam, Adeline. "Genre de vie et genre des vies dans les Césars de Suétone : étude pragmatique et anthropologique de la construction de la figure du Prince". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC298.
Pełny tekst źródłaSuetonius’s Ceasars are often considered read as a collection of emperor’s biographies in which sexual practices take a considerable place ; thereby Suetonius would be a scandalous author who would lend importance to trivial matters not worthy of a proper historian work. The contention of this Phd dissertation is first, to analyse the Ceasars from a pragmatic andenunciative point of view in order to relocate this work within the latin litterae, for Suetonius does not write biographies, and the study of his persona as an author enables one to situate the Ceasars at the liminal position between the work of a philologus and the collection of exempla. Indeed Suetonius uses devices typical of the elegy in his compsition classifying the pieces of information according to their species. One will list these species. This study will lead to the second step of our Phd dissertation : the questioning of the role played by "sexuality" in thiswork. As a matter of fact, no latin word can be translated to "sexuality", and no species refersto this category. Among the species approaching the notion of "sexuality" as understood by acontemporary reader in Suetonius’s work, one chooses to single out pudicitia. With the analysis of this sole species, one avoids to artificially rebuild a "sexuality" section, and one can relocate what we readers interpret as sexual practices within the frame of a discourse which makesroom for thematic variations on the topoi of the good prince and the tyrant
Sama, Mathieu. "Paupérisation anthropologique et développement humain durable : herméneutique du burkindlem pour une éthique chrétienne inculturée de la promotion humaine intégrale en Afrique". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAK014.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn 2000, through the Millennium Declaration, peoples are invited to opt for what is called the "sustainable human development". Several years later, in matter of development in Africa, the results are far below expectations. Then, it is necessary to lead reflection on the factors that influence the success of an effort to a "sustainable human development" on African soil. Therefore, our hypothesis is that whenever the Moaaga "burkĩndlem" is informed of the requirements of Christian ethics, it can become the place of a hermeneutics for efficient human development. In the Christian perspective, the anthropological foundation at the base of sustainable human development is the concept of "imago Dei" attributed to man in the biblical Revelation. In this regard, the Christian burkĩndlem appears as highly significant in the African context and is more than suggestive. The objective will be, for the burkĩmba Christians, to attain their full capacity as human beings in order to be open to the salvation that Christ, Son of God and fully man, has brought by grace
Nadeau-Bernatchez, David. "LA MUSIQUE COMME RAPPORTS AUX TEMPS Chroniques et diachroniques des musiques urbaines congolaises". Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29438/29438.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaTzortzis, Stéfan. "Archives biologiques et archives historiques : une approche anthropologique de l'épidémie de peste de 1720-1721 à Martigues (Bouches-du-Rhône, France)". Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX20698.
Pełny tekst źródłaBetween 1720 and 1722, Marseille and a large part of Provence and Languedoc provinces are devastated by a late but nonetheless lethal plague epidemic, one of the greatest fears of former populations. This episode, abundantly recounted and renowned as one major event in the history of the Mediterranean city, comes as the final step of the second plague epidemic, which broke out in the middle of the 14th Century in Western Europe. From October-November 1720 until June 1721, the evil curse, coming from the Echelles du Levant, reaches the shores of Marseille and then spreads in the neighbouring town of Martigues, composed of three historical parishes located where the Berre Pond opens out onto the Mediterranean Sea. Martigues had already been through abnormal mortality periods at the beginning of the 18th Century as a consequence of an epidemic, maybe smallpox, and had at the same time experienced a sanitary crisis and a shortage of wheat due to the 1709-1710 Grand Hyver. But seven and a half months of plague were even more deadly since they deprived the city of one third of its inhabitants. The Martigues population hardly regained the volume it had before the epidemic some forty years later. Our research work consists in analysing the impact of this tragic event and making use of two different kinds of sources, particularly well-provided in Martigues. Here, we refer to an abundant corpus of parish records along with some ancient printed sources, and to documentary information provided by the archaeothanatological and anthropological study of two inhumation sites directly related to the epidemic episode under scrutiny. One of them, Trenches of the Ferrières Capuchins, was thoroughly searched in 2002 under our supervision and brought to light an osteo-archaelogical series corresponding to 208 individuals. In our general survey, two issues are particularly well-fitted to allow a dialectical reasoning, that is to say, to confront both archival and anthropological material. On one hand, burial practices in a time of abnormal mortality clearly reveal how one community adapted and dealt with an epidemic it could hardly stop. We were able to prove that the measures taken in such a context of sanitary emergency were quite effective and rational, but carried out at the expense of conventional habits of the time. On the other hand, we examined the features of the demographic impact of plague on this community. Available data tend to show that plague mortality is not selective as far as age and sex criteria are concerned. They reveal a mortality pattern quite different from a “normal” mortality pattern and at the same time unveil the structure of living population, both before and after the epidemic
Gonzalez, Palacios Héctor. "Los cambios de género durante la Tardoantigüedad en el Mediterráneo oriental (siglos III-VII)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0002.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe object of this research is those socio-religious phenomena in Early Christianity, which imply (what could be called from a contemporary perspective) a gender transition or transgendered condition. The study focuses on Eastern Mediterranean during the Late Antiquity period (3rd-7th centuries), with particular attention to the 3rd and 4th centuries, as a time of transformation of Christianity from a minority sect to the majority mass religion. The research is divided into three parts: 1) First, the conceptions of gender and sexual relations in Early Christianity. Here we will dismantle the old belief that the models of monastic repression of sexuality were the prevailing ones from the beginning and how these, on the contrary, were a relatively late product that developed parallel to the popularization of Christianity.2) Second, (what we will call) transgender asceticisms, a set of individuals who, biologically female, lived and were socially recognized as "abbas" (i. e. male ascetics) through their religious practice.3) Thirdly, the self-emasculated Christian ascetics. We will question the hypothesis widely spread in Byzantine Studies of eunuchs as a third gender and we will trace the possible connections between the "galli", self-castrated worshippers of the cult of Cybele-Attis, and the Christian ascetics. Throughout these pages, we will analyze, interpret and reinterpret literary (mainly in Greek) and iconographic sources with the help of a transversal methodology, where the comparison with other contemporary societies occupies a predominant place. We seek this way a change of perspective with respect to previous studies that will allow us to raise new questions and answers in fields where traditional approaches do not seem to be able to go further
Esta investigación tiene como objeto el estudio de los fenómenos socio-religiosos, que, desde una perspectiva contemporánea, podríamos denominar de cambio de género, y que tienen lugar en el cristianismo primitivo en diversas regiones del Mediterráneo Oriental. El estudio se focaliza en el período de la Tardoantigüedad (siglos III-VII), con particular atención a los siglos III y IV, en tanto momento de transformación del cristianismo, que pasa de ser una secta minoritaria a la religión de masas mayoritaria. La tesis se divide en tres partes: en primer lugar, las concepciones del género y las relaciones sexuadas en el cristianismo primitivo, donde desmontaremos la antigua creencia de que los modelos de represión monacal de la sexualidad fueron los imperantes desde un inicio y cómo estos, por el contrario, fueron un producto relativamente tardío que se desarrolló paralelo a la popularización del cristianismo; en segundo lugar, el estudio de lo que denominaremos los ascetismos transgénero, un conjunto de individuos que, habiendo sido identificados inicialmente como mujeres, viven y son socialmente reconocidos como “abbas” (i.e. ascetas hombres) a través de la práctica ascética; y, en tercer lugar, los ascetas cristianos autoemasculados. En este último punto, cuestionaremos la hipótesis largamente difundida en los estudios bizantinos de la consideración de los eunucos como un tercer género y trazaremos las posibles conexiones entre los “galli”, fieles autocastrados del culto a Cibeles-Attis, y los ascetas cristianos. A lo largo de estas páginas, analizaremos, interpretaremos y reinterpretaremos las fuentes literarias (fundamentalmente griegas) e iconográficas con la ayuda de una metodología transversal, donde la comparación con otras sociedades contemporáneas ocupe un lugar predominante. De esta forma, buscamos un cambio perspectiva respecto a los estudios precedentes que nos permita plantear nuevas preguntas y respuestas en campos donde que los enfoques tradicionales no parecen dar más de sí
Tangy, Lucie. "Fiction utopique et modernité anthropologique : L’élaboration d’une figure de l’homme dans « L’histoire des Sévarambes » de Denis Veiras (1676-1678), « Histoire de Calejava » de Claude Gilbert (1700) et « Voyages et aventures de Jacques Massé » de Simon Tyssot de Patot (1710)". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3063.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe present work focuses on the corpus of so-called “classical” utopian novels (1676-1710), combining three approaches, which are often used separately. The first method deals with their ideological dimension, within the context of a deep crisis in thought, and questions the problematic notion of modernity. The second method tackles the specific constitution of a fictional world, confronting two worlds – the European world and the utopian world –, by resorting to contemporary notions of fiction as “possible world” and as “version of the world”. The third method reflects on the paradoxical inscription of the novels within the classical philosophical and moral tradition, which it perpetuates or subverts, and focuses notably on the intertextual forms of this inscription. These options result in a thematic choice: the analysis focuses more specifically on the anthropological vision at work in the texts. The texts project, in an alternative world, a representation of man composed of figurative and conceptual patterns, which originate from their cultural and philosophical backgrounds, but which are recontextualized, organized and transformed, so as to partake of important displacements, which will consolidate in the triumphant Enlightenment, in the second half o the 18th century. Although modernity stems from a self-creating movement of rupture, in order to postulate a better world, it remains dependent on the old world it attempts to do away with. Classical utopias provide an exemplary laboratory of modernity, by textually actualizing the operations which embody modernity's dynamics, as well as some of its tensions, notably regarding the use of the notion of nature
Dion, Marc-Antoine. "L'écoute décomplexée : la réception de la musique noise à Anvers, Bruxelles et Gand". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26167.
Pełny tekst źródłaCe mémoire traite globalement du goût pour l’expérience désagréable. Plus précisément, il y est question de l’expérience de la musique noise en concert, à travers sa réception chez les auditeurs et auditrices d’Anvers, de Bruxelles et de Gand. Afin d’aborder ce phénomène, cet ouvrage observe les attentes et les évaluations de l’expérience esthétique, ainsi que les facteurs la facilitant. L’analyse présentée fait interagir différentes théories et différents concepts qui aident ensemble à comprendre la complexité de l’expérience du concert noise, autant aux niveaux affectif, évaluatif, identitaire que social. Partant, les comportements et les discours sont centraux pour la compréhension de ce phénomène. Nous verrons de la sorte le rapport particulier que le spectateur entretien avec l’objet de cette musique, et comment ce rapport facilite l’expérience et permet ultimement qu’on l’apprécie.
This master’s thesis deals globally with the taste for the unpleasant experience. Specifically, it discusses the experiences of noise music in concert, through its reception among listeners in Antwerp, Brussels and Ghent. To address this phenomenon, this work observes the expectations and evaluations of aesthetic experience, as well as the facilitating factors. The analysis made to interact different theories and concepts that help all to understand the complexity of the experience of noise music concert, both in the affective, the evaluative, the identity than the social levels. Consequently, behaviors and discourses are central to the understanding of this phenomenon. We will see in this way the special relationship that the spectator carries with this music's object, and how this relation facilitates the experience and ultimately helps its appreciation.
Pommeret, Louise. "L'expérience de la "différence" chez les auteurs italiens témoins ou acteurs de l'histoire dans la période 1936-1945". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA154/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe thesis concerns Italian authors who, as actors or witnesses of History during the period 1936-1945, experienced difference in regard to the anthropological norms imposed by the fascist regime. In the first part, we specify the historical and interpretative stakes of the subject by examining the context of the thirties – through propaganda novels for the youth – and the possible difficulties of interpretation. The second part is dedicated to the writing of difference and to the figures of marginality. The corpus highlights several problems : the individual in inadequacy with the norms of the thirties, then the turning point of the year 1938 and the rapid emergence of the racial question which redefined the status of Jews in the nation and, finally, the war years and the Resistance with the expression of an existential anti-fascism and the traumatic experience of the Shoah. The third part apprehends the writing of the difference through a diachronic angle: we analyze the variations in the perception of difference between the taking place, the writing and the publication of the History or the reception of the works. Texts do indeed testify to experiences but also to the evolution in the perception of these experiences. We study these changes of perception according to three axes which traverse the second half of the XXth century: the testimony of Shoah, feminine writing of the Resistance, and narratives of the persecution of homosexuality
Benoit, Lucie. "Un patrimoine culturel immatériel émergent : le Courir du Mardi Gras de Faquetaique, Louisiane". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25930.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis examines how Cajuns are keeping the tradition of the “Courir du Mardi Gras” alive in a perspective of sustainable development of their heritage through the case study of the Courir of Faquetaique. After a presentation of the Cajun Mardi Gras, the Faquetaique run is put in context, as it detaches itself from other Courirs considered more touristic or commercial. Drawing from participant observations of the event and interviews with participants, this research analyzes the organization and some specific aspects of the Faquetaique run. Through the perspective of the criteria of a sustainable development of heritage proposed by the ICOMOS, in 2011, our analysis concludes that it is not so much the local and geographical character that defines, in the eyes of the participants, the Faquetaique run, but, rather, the “spirit of place” that takes place and the people, or community, by which it is performed. These actors show how they consciously develop this tradition by inscribing it into continuity.
Beauregard, Annie. "Les catalogues commerciaux comme catalyseur populaire de consommation : l'exemple du mobilier de cuisine et de salle à manger, 1920-1960". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25256.
Pełny tekst źródłaLaliberté, Annie. "Autoritarisme et démocratie : un journalisme de paix dans le Rwanda de l'après-génocide?" Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26865/26865.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaBoucher, Boudreau Geneviève. "Colonies juives et mémoire sociale : vers une compréhension de l'appropriation du territoire". Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30162/30162.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaVerdu, Paul. "Anthropologie génétique des populations d'Afrique centrale : histoire du peuplement Pygmée". Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MNHN0002.
Pełny tekst źródłaCentral Africa is peopled by sedentary agriculturalists neighbouring hunter-gatherer populations: the Pygmies. Archaeological remains attest the presence of Homo sapiens in the Congo Bassin since at least 30,000 years. However, little is known about the origins of pygmy populations, nor is known about ancient demography or past human migrations in this area of the world. We use an interdisciplinary approach between ethnology and population genetics, aiming to unravel the unknown history of Central African peopling. First, we present elements of anthropology concerning the pygmy/non-pygmy categorization, and the DNA sampling strategy developped in three pygmy groups from Gabon and Uganda. Then, we present population genetics results on more than 30 Central African populations genotyped for 28 autosomal microsatellites. Our results converge towards a historical peopling of Central Africa where all pygmies share a common ancestor that diverged from the non-pygmies about 70,000 years ago. Moreover, our results suggest that the expansion of agriculture in Central Africa some 4,000 years ago, fundamentaly affected ancient relationships between pygmies and non-pygmies. Such expansion may have fragmented pygmy habitat, isolating the various populations. Moreover, heterogeneous gene flows from non-pygmy populations towards each pygmy group, may have enhanced the genetic differentiation found nowadays among african pygmies. Finally, such heterogeneous admixture is consistent with the various sociocultural behaviour characterizing specifically each pygmy / non-pygmy realtions, thus highlighting the potential major influence of sociological behaviours in mankind biological evolution