Artykuły w czasopismach: „High Voltage glass insulator”

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Rosli, Hanan, Nordiana Azlin Othman, Nor Akmal Mohd Jamail i Muhammad Nafis Ismail. "Effects of external shed damage on voltage and electric field profile for overhead insulators". World Journal of Engineering 16, nr 4 (8.08.2019): 468–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-03-2018-0112.

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Purpose This paper aims to present simulation studies on voltage and electric field characteristics for imperfect ceramic insulators using QuickFieldTM software. Based on previous studies, it is accepted that string insulator can still serve the transmission line although imperfect of certain insulator exist in a string. However, different materials of porcelain and glass type had made these insulators own different abilities to carry electricity to be transferred to the consumers. Design/methodology/approach Cap and pin type of porcelain and glass insulators are used as the main subject for comparison. The simulation works begins with modeling a single insulator, followed by string of ten insulators with their respective applied voltage, that is, 11 and 132 kV. The insulator was modeled in alternate current conduction analysis problem type using QuickField Professional Software. Technical parameters for porcelain and glass insulator were manually inserted in the modeling. Findings This paper presents an investigation on the influence of broken porcelain and glass insulators in string for voltage and electric field characteristics. For single insulator, the voltage distribution may literally reduce when experiencing external damages; whereby the broken porcelain insulator condition is worse than the glass insulator. In terms of electric field distribution, the glass insulator is badly affected compared with the porcelain insulator, as it is pulverized comprehensively. Research limitations/implications Further work needs to be done to establish whether the experiments of these simulations study will present coequal outcomes. This study endeavors in promoting a good example of voltage and electric field characteristics across high voltage (HV) insulator with the presence of broken insulator in the string. Practical implications This study is beneficial to future researchers and manufacturing companies in strategic management and research planning when they involve in the field of HV insulators. It will also serve as a future reference for academic and study purposes. This research will also educate many people on how HV insulators work. Social implications This study will be helpful to the industry and business practitioners in training for the additional results and knowledge to be updated in the area of HV insulators. Originality/value This paper presents the analysis of porcelain and glass insulators according to their respective logic conditions when broken. Consequently, the existence of a damage insulator in a string may alter the distribution of voltage and electric field which may ultimately lead to the insulation breakdown after some time. This is because the broken insulator may cause other insulators to withstand the remaining voltage allocated for that particular insulator and may affect the insulators in terms of the life span. Therefore, the distribution of voltage and electrical field characteristics in the presence of broken insulators had been studied in this project.

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Samuri, N. A., Nordiana Azlin binti Othman, M. A. M. Piah, N. A. M. Jamail i H. Rosli. "Comparison on space charge and voltage distribution of high voltage insulator subjected to different contamination levels". Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 8, nr 3 (1.09.2019): 769–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v8i3.1585.

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This paper presents the study of space charge distribution on high voltage (HV) insulators under different levels of contamination. Two types of HV insulators were used in this work particularly glass and porcelain insulators. A string of 4-unit glass and porcelain insulators with 33 kV of lines voltage was designed and simulated using QuickfieldTM software. Four levels of contamination layer with different thickness have been applied on the surface of insulators to observe the effect of space charge distribution. Simulation results show that different types of insulators used at transmission lines give different effects on charge and voltage distribution. It is also found that the amplitude of charge for a single porcelain insulator is much higher compared to a single glass insulator. Similarly for a string of 4-unit insulators, the voltage distribution along the creepage distance of porcelain insulators is much higher compared to glass insulators under all contamination levels.

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Suhaimi, Saiful Mohammad Iezham, Nouruddeen Bashir, Nor Asiah Muhamad, Nurun Najah Abdul Rahim, Noor Azlinda Ahmad i Mohd Nazri Abdul Rahman. "Surface Discharge Analysis of High Voltage Glass Insulators Using Ultraviolet Pulse Voltage". Energies 12, nr 2 (9.01.2019): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12020204.

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Surface discharges are precursors to flashover. To pre-empt the occurrence of flashover incidents, utility companies need to regularly monitor the condition of line insulators. Recent studies have shown that monitoring of UV signals emitted by surface discharges of insulators is a promising technique. In this work, the UV signals’ time and frequency components of a set of contaminated and field-aged insulator under varying contamination levels and degrees of ageing were studied. Experimental result shows that a strong correlation exists between the discharge intensity levels under varying contamination levels and degree of ageing. As the contamination level increases, the discharge level of the insulator samples also intensifies, resulting in the increase of total harmonic distortion and fundamental frequencies. Total harmonic distortion and fundamental frequencies of the UV signals were employed to develop a technique based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) to classify the flashover prediction based on the discharge intensity levels of the insulator samples. The results of the ANN simulation showed 87% accuracy in the performance index. This study illustrates that the UV pulse detection method is a potential tool to monitor insulator surface conditions during service.

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Su, TY, SB Yaakob i AM Ariffen. "Modelling and analysis of electrical performance outdoor glass insulator under various services and lightning impulse". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2550, nr 1 (1.08.2023): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2550/1/012021.

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Abstract This paper is focus on modelling of glass type insulator with voltage rating of 275 kV. The glass insulators are still widely served in overhead transmission line because of its high dielectric strength capability. However, their outdoor application has resulted in the exposure to the various service conditions such as weather, pollution and lightning conditions. Further, the inclination effect of the insulator under the nominal voltage and lightning impulse is modelling through Finite Elementary Method (FEM). Then, the model of glass insulator is constructed in three different inclination angles by using the Ansys Maxwell 3D for simulation purpose. The results show the inclined insulator due to the wind load effect has the lowest breakdown voltage at most 53.33% compared with the vertical insulator. Under the outdoor environment factors such as humid, wet and contamination, the localized electric field and current density had increased significantly. Consequently, this situation may cause the power losses, localized heating effect also reduces the electrical performance of the insulators.

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Hawal, Abdallah O., Suliman A. Ben Rahma i Moayed M. Abdul Samed. "Electrical Performance Study of 11kV Coated Porcelain, Coated Glass, and Polymer Outdoor High Voltage Insulators". مجلة الجامعة الأسمرية: العلوم التطبيقية 8, nr 2 (5.06.2023): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.59743/jauas.8.2.1.

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The study in this paper investigates how contaminations and different types of pollutants affect the electrical performance of outdoor coated porcelain, coated glass, and composite insulators when subjected to an 11 kV AC voltage. The ceramic insulators (porcelain and glass) coating layer is assumed to be RTV silicon rubber material with a 0.5 mm thickness. The effect of these three pollution cases on the electrical performance were investigated using a commercial software called COMSOL Multiphysics based on the finite element method (FEM). The three pollution cases were uniform, non-uniform pollution, and water droplets. In the uniform pollution condition, the pollution layer over the surface of the insulators was assumed to be 0.5 mm; however, in non-uniform pollution condition, water patches with a thickness varying from 0.5 to 1.5 mm was used. In water droplets condition, hemispherical shapes were used to model water droplets with a diameter of 1 mm. Voltage, electrical field distributions, and dissipated power were computed along the creepage distance of the three insulators models. The simulation results indicated that for the uniform case, the lowest electrical field appeared on the silicon rubber insulator. For the non-uniform case, the electrical field distribution became more non-uniform for the three models. In the water droplets case, more fluctuations appeared in the metal end fittings where the water droplets were located. The analysis indicated that the maximum dissipated power was found to be for the coated glass. The obtained results showed that the silicon rubber insulator offered better performance compared with coated porcelain and glass. Coated porcelain offered better performance compared with the coated glass insulator.

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Mousa, Mohammed Imran, Zulkurnain Abdul-Malek i Zainab Imran Mousa. "Aging Detection of Glass Disc Insulator by using Infrared Camera". Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 6, nr 3 (1.06.2017): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v6.i3.pp520-527.

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Suitable diagnostic techniques for outdoor glass insulators are important for ensuring the reliablilty and stability of power system. The possibility of insulator flash-over increases, especially when the insulator is covered by pollution layers or has an internal defect. In this paper, a new technique to detect the pollution level and invisible damage by measuring the surface temperature of glass disc insulators is proposed. A high definition camera had been used to determine the surface temperatures of four glass insulators. The effects of applied voltage on the surface temperature and its distribution were studied. The results show the possibility of using the infrarad camera to detect the aging level and invisible damages of the glass insulators.

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Salem, Ali A., R. Abd-Rahman, M. S. Kamarudin, H. Ahmad, N. A. M. Jamail, N. A. Othman, M. T. Ishak, M. N. R. Baharom i S. Al-Ameri. "Proposal of a dynamic numerical approach in predicting flashover critical voltage". International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 10, nr 2 (1.06.2019): 602. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i2.pp602-610.

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Glass insulators, due to its diverse characteristics, were used widely around the world for high voltage transmission lines. Surfaces of the insulators are exposed to high electrical, mechanical, and thermal stresses over the period of service. Accumulation of contamination distort stresses distribution along the insulators that may lead to flashover under severe condition. In this paper, Obenaus pollution model has been adopted to propose a dynamic mathematical modelling to determine flashover critical voltage with regard to parameters such as pollution conductivity, arc length, and width of layer of contamination on the surface of glass insulator. In addition, laboratory experimental works have been carried out according to IEC60305 to validate the results from numerical approach, which indicate a good agreement.

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Nallusamy, S., M. Saravanakumar i B. Sathis Kumar. "Investigation of Environmental Conditions Using Artificial Polluted Conditions for Selection of Insulator Material". Advanced Engineering Forum 24 (październik 2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.24.1.

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The aim of this research is to find out suitable material for insulator and their flashover performance to withstand the high pollution degree in different environmental conditions. The experimental investigation was carried out on various insulating material like porcelain, glass, and rubber to find out the artificial effluence to examine alternate current flashover potentials. The result shows that the polluted flashover voltage is affected by equivalent salt deposit density and non soluble deposit density, the authorities of which are autonomous of each one on another. The correction formulae of the flashover voltage of various insulators at various salt deposit density and non soluble deposit density levels have pointed out by means of the flashover voltages examination. Also the dissimilarity existing between the flashover voltages of various types of polluted insulators. From this we are able to conclude which insulating material withstands the pollution degree better amongst the above three.

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Xing, Yunqi, Yixuan Wang, Jiakai Chi, Haoliang Liu i Jin Li. "Study on Improving Interface Performance of HVDC Composite Insulators by Plasma Etching". Coatings 10, nr 11 (27.10.2020): 1036. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10111036.

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High-voltage direct-current composite insulators are faced with various challenges during operation, such as creeping discharge, umbrella skirt damage, abnormal heating and insulator breakage. Among them, the aging of the interface between the core rod and the sheath is one of the important causes of composite insulator failure. In order to improve the electrical resistance of the composite insulator interface, this study uses plasma etching to modify the surface of the glass-fiber-reinforced epoxy resin plastic to prepare the high-voltage direct-current composite insulator core rod–sheath samples. By analyzing the surface morphology of the epoxy resin, static contact angle and surface charge transfer characteristics, the control mechanism of the plasma etching treatment on the interface bonding performance and leakage current of composite insulator core rod–sheath samples were studied. The results show that proper etching time treatment can improve the trap energy level distribution and microstructure of epoxy resin and increase the discharge voltage along the surface; chemical bonding plasma etching can improve the interfacial bonding performance of core rod–sheath samples sheaths, reduce the leakage current of composite insulator core rod–sheath samples sheath specimens and improve their interfacial performance.

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Wang, Jinyu, Yingna Li i Wenxiang Chen. "Detection of Glass Insulators Using Deep Neural Networks Based on Optical Imaging". Remote Sensing 14, nr 20 (15.10.2022): 5153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14205153.

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As the pre-part of tasks such as fault detection and line inspection, insulator detection is a crucial task. However, considering the complex environment of high-voltage transmission lines, the traditional insulator detection accuracy is unsatisfactory, and manual inspection is dangerous and inefficient. To improve this situation, this paper proposes an insulator detection model Siamese ID-YOLO based on a deep neural network. The model achieves the best balance between speed and accuracy compared with traditional detection methods. In order to achieve the purpose of image enhancement, this paper adopts the canny-based edge detection operator to highlight the edges of insulators to obtain more semantic information. In this paper, based on the Darknet53 network and Siamese network, the insulator original image and the edge image are jointly input into the model. Siamese IN-YOLO model achieves more fine-grained extraction of insulators through weight sharing between Siamese networks, thereby improving the detection accuracy of insulators. This paper uses statistical clustering analysis on the area and aspect ratio of the insulator data set, then pre-set and adjusts the hyperparameters of the model anchor box to make it more suitable for the insulator detection task. In addition, this paper makes an insulator dataset named InsuDaSet based on UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) shoot insulator images for model training. The experiments show that the insulator detection can reach 92.72% detection accuracy and 84FPS detection speed, which can fully meet the online insulator detection requirements.

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Dimitropoulou, M., D. Pylarinos, K. Siderakis, E. Thalassinakis i M. Danikas. "Comparative Investigation of Pollution Accumulation and Natural Cleaning for Different HV Insulators". Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 5, nr 2 (20.04.2015): 764–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.545.

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High Voltage insulators are scattered throughout any HV network and a single insulator fault may cause an excessive outage. Reliability is a key issue for electric power systems and fault-free performance of insulators greatly reflects on the reliability of the system. Environmental influence is rather important for the optimum selection of outdoor insulators and, therefore, field measurements provide valuable information. Utilities perform such measurements in order to decide upon the location/route of new HV installations (substations, lines etc) and also to optimize the selection, maintenance and replacement of already installed insulators. A rather interesting case in Greek territory is the island of Crete, due to the coastal development of the network and the local weather conditions. The Greek utility has employed a variety of remedies to cope with the pollution problem. Following the positive feedback after the installation on certain tower in the past, a large project to replace all ceramic insulators with new polymer ones of hydrophobic surface is now in progress. Polymer coatings have also been extensively applied on substations and also on certain areas/towers of the transmission network in the past. In order to investigate the pollution accumulation and the impact of natural washing on different insulator types, a series of periodical ESDD and NSDD pollution measurements were conducted in HEDNO’s TALOS High Voltage Test Station for a 3-months period. Multiple measurements were performed on each insulator every month in order to collect additional data. Five different insulators were selected based on the types historically used in the Cretan Network. Along with the standard glass disc profile, two strings of glass fog profile (the one coated with RTV) and two long-rod composite insulators of different shed profile and material were used. Results are presented and discussed in this paper.

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Othman, N. A., M. A. M. Piah, Z. Adzis, H. Ahmad, N. A. Ahmad, H. Kamarden i A. A. Suleiman. "Characterization of charge distribution on the high voltage glass insulator string". Journal of Electrostatics 72, nr 4 (sierpień 2014): 315–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.elstat.2014.05.003.

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Brzhezytskyi, V., N. Laposha, I. Maslyuchenko i V. Khominich. "IMPROVEMENT OF HIGH-VOLTAGE GLASS INSULATORS". Scientific Works of National University of Food Technologies 23, nr 6 (grudzień 2017): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24263/2225-2924-2017-23-6-14.

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Perwira, Wisnu Yoga, Nyenyep Sri Wardani i Husin Bugis. "EFFECT OF HEATSINK FIN AND THERMAL INSULATORS ON OUTPUT OF THERMOELECTRIC POWER OF HEAT OF MOTORCYCLE EXHAUST GAS". Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Vocational Education (JoMEVE) 1, nr 2 (2.04.2019): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/jomeve.v1i2.25064.

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Thermoelectric can be utilized to convert exhaust heat into electricity. This study aims to determine the effect of heatsink height and thermal insulation on electric power generated from thermal powered thermoelectric plants. This research is using an experimental method. The technically of data analysis is descriptive comparative. In this research were used 10 mm, 20 mm, and 30 mm heatsink fin. Thermal insulator materials are glass wool and aluminum foil. Electrical power obtained from multiplication of electrical voltage and electric current. The data analysis was indicated the increasing electrical power with increasing heatsink fin height. The higher power is accomplished by using heatsink fin 30mm at 0.56-watt power output, and the smaller power is obtained by using heatsink fin 10mm at 0.32-watt power output. The results of thermal insulation testing indicate that there is an increase in electrical power when the use of thermal insulator. Data analysis were reported the most significant strength is obtained on the use of 30 mm heatsink with an isolator of 0.76 watts, and the smallest power is obtained on the use of high heatsink 10 mm without thermal insulator is 0.32 watts. The results of this study indicate that the heatsink fins height and thermal insulators affect the power generated by thermoelectric power plants.

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Othman, N. A., M. A. M. Piah i Z. Adzis. "Contamination effects on charge distribution measurement of high voltage glass insulator string". Measurement 105 (lipiec 2017): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2017.03.044.

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Seela-Or, Surapong, Kittipong Tonmitra i Arkom Kaewrawang. "Solid Dielectric Barrier in Oil Insulator under Uniform and Non-Uniform Electric Fields". Advanced Materials Research 740 (sierpień 2013): 540–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.740.540.

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This paper presents the dielectric barrier (PVC, PMMA, and glass) breakdown voltage test in transformer oil in uniform field, slight non-uniform field and highly non-uniform field generated by plate-plate, plate-point, and point-point electrodes, respectively. It was found that PVC can withstand the maximum breakdown voltage that is higher than PMMA and glass. The dielectric barrier with 1 mm thick placed next to the high voltage electrode and ground electrode can withstand the higher breakdown voltage than dielectric barrier with 2 mm thick placed next to the ground electrode and at the middle of electrodes. PVC for point-point, plate-point and plate-plate electrodes can withstand the maximum breakdown voltage of 216.5, 195.7 and 181 kV, respectively. The breakdown voltage of solid insulations is different because of the shape of electrode. These results lead to design the solid insulator in transformer oil under uniform and non-uniform electric fields.

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IRAWAN, R., G. B. SCELSI i G. A. WOOLSEY. "OPTICAL FIBER SENSING OF SF6 DEGRADATION IN HIGH-VOLTAGE SWITCHGEAR". Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 10, nr 02 (czerwiec 2001): 181–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021886350100053x.

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Sulphur hexafluoride ( SF 6) is used as an insulator in high-voltage systems. An electrical breakdown dissociates ( SF 6). Therefore, the insulating efficiency is degraded. If the ( SF 6) is not renewed, failure of the system can occur. A monitoring device for ( SF 6) loss is required, and an optical fiber sensor for continuous monitoring of ( SF 6) degradation in high-voltage switchgear has been developed. Dissociation products of the ( SF 6) discharge include HF and atomic F, both of which react readily with silica. This reactivity is utilized in our sensor, where etching of a glass fiber surface modifies the transmission characteristics of the fiber.

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Pylarinos, D., i I. Pellas. "Investigation of an Insulator Flashunder in an 150 kV OTL of the Power System of Crete". Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 9, nr 5 (9.10.2019): 4851–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3198.

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Overhead Transmission Lines (OTLs) are used in Power Systems to carry High Voltage between substations, usually over long distances. Faults in OTLs are bound to happen and thus locating and coping with them is an important aspect of OTL’s operation and maintenance. These faults may be of temporary or permanent nature, with certain types of faults progressing over time from the first category to the second. Local weather may also have a direct effect on the occurrence of faults resulting to puzzling events. A special category, often complex in nature, is insulator faults. Insulators are used in OTLs to support phase conductors while not allowing current to flow through the tower’s body to the ground. Traditional ceramic insulators used materials such as porcelain and glass as insulation, but in the last decades composite insulators with two insulating parts (a glass core/rod and a rubber housing), have also known great use mainly due to their low weight and their capability to withstand pollution. However, they are subjected to certain faults unique to them, such as flashunders. Flashunder is a term commonly used lately to describe faults that are related to the rod/housing interface of composite insulators. Such faults are rather difficult to locate as the electrical discharge does not create an easily visible trace (as in the case of flashovers) or a permanent mechanical fault (as in the case of brittle fractures). Such a fault occurred for the first time in the Transmission System of Crete in 2019 and this paper follows and discusses the incident and the experience gained.

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Samkova, L. G., A. M. Moskalenko, K. L. Soboleva, A. G. Karpenko, N. M. Kulik, S. I. Brezhneva i N. L. Kobtseva. "Service reliability of high voltage glass suspension insulators". Glass and Ceramics 48, nr 8 (sierpień 1991): 334–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00677630.

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Wieczorek, Krzysztof, Przemysław Ranachowski, Zbigniew Ranachowski i Piotr Papliński. "Ageing Tests of Samples of Glass-Epoxy Core Rods in Composite Insulators Subjected to High Direct Current (DC) Voltage in a Thermal Chamber". Energies 13, nr 24 (20.12.2020): 6724. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246724.

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In this article, we presented the results of the tests performed on three sets of samples of glass-reinforced epoxy (GRE) core rods used in alternating current (AC) composite insulators with silicone rubber housing. The objective of this examination was to test the aging resistance of the rod material when exposed to direct current (DC) high voltage. We hypothesized that the long-term effects of the electrostatic field on the GRE core rod material would lead to a gradual degradation of its mechanical properties caused by ionic current flow. Further, we hypothesized that reducing the mechanical strength of the GRE core rod would lead to the breakage of the insulator. The first group of samples was used for reference. The samples from the second group were subjected to a temperature of about 50 °C for 6000 h. The third group of samples were aged by temperature and DC high voltage for the same time. The samples were examined using the 3-point bending test, micro-hardness measurement and microscopic analysis. No recordable degradation effects were found. Long-term temperature impact and, above all, the combined action of temperature and DC high voltage did not reduce the mechanical parameters or change the microstructure of the GRE material.

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Andersson, R., M. Bylund, V. Desmaris, S. Kabir, S. Krause, V. Marknäs, E. Passalacqua i A. M. Saleem. "Electrical Performance and Robustness of Ultrathin High-Density Carbon Nanofiber Capacitors on Silicon, Alumina and Glass Substrate Materials". International Symposium on Microelectronics 2020, nr 1 (1.09.2020): 000206–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2380-4505-2020.1.000206.

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AbstractWe demonstrate the feasibility of implementing carbon nano fiber based metal-insulator-metal (CNFMIM) capacitors on different substrates such as glass, alumina and silicon for use as integrated or discrete passive components on chips or interposers. The effects of biasing voltage and high operating temperatures on the performance of the devices are also investigated. Capacitance densities of 300 nF/mm2 are demonstrated on all substrates at a device thickness of only 5 μm. The manufactured capacitors feature ESR values at or below 100 mΩ, ESL below 15 pH and show little change in capacitance density when subjected to biasing voltage below breakdown and temperatures up to 150°C, making them a promising candidate for both integrated and discrete miniaturized electronic components for future technology.

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Al-geelani, Nasir A., M. Afendi M. Piah, Ibrahim Saeh, Nordiana Azlin Othman, Fatin Liyana Muhamedin i N. F. Kasri. "Identification of Acoustic Signals of Internal Electric Discharges on Glass Insulator under Variable Applied Voltage". International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, nr 2 (1.04.2016): 827. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i2.9530.

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A Partial Discharge (PD) is an unwanted phenomenon in electrical equipment. Therefore it is of great importance to identify different types of PD and assess their severity. This paper investigates the acoustic emissions associated with Internal Discharge (ID) from different types of sources in the time-domain. An experimental setup was arranged in the high voltage laboratory, a chamber with an electrode configuration attached to it was connected to a high voltage transformer for generating various types of PD. A laboratory experiment was done by making the models of these discharges. The test equipment including antennas as a means of detection and digital processing techniques for signal analysis were used. Wavelet signal processing was used to recover the internal discharge acoustic signal by eliminating the noises of many natures.

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Al-geelani, Nasir A., M. Afendi M. Piah, Ibrahim Saeh, Nordiana Azlin Othman, Fatin Liyana Muhamedin i N. F. Kasri. "Identification of Acoustic Signals of Internal Electric Discharges on Glass Insulator under Variable Applied Voltage". International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, nr 2 (1.04.2016): 827. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i2.pp827-834.

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A Partial Discharge (PD) is an unwanted phenomenon in electrical equipment. Therefore it is of great importance to identify different types of PD and assess their severity. This paper investigates the acoustic emissions associated with Internal Discharge (ID) from different types of sources in the time-domain. An experimental setup was arranged in the high voltage laboratory, a chamber with an electrode configuration attached to it was connected to a high voltage transformer for generating various types of PD. A laboratory experiment was done by making the models of these discharges. The test equipment including antennas as a means of detection and digital processing techniques for signal analysis were used. Wavelet signal processing was used to recover the internal discharge acoustic signal by eliminating the noises of many natures.

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Zhorniak, Liudmyla, Alexej Afanasiev i Vitaliy Schus. "Analysis of design and structural features of the external insulation materials of high-voltage devices". Bulletin of NTU "KhPI". Series: Problems of Electrical Machines and Apparatus Perfection. The Theory and Practice, nr 2 (8) (27.12.2022): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2079-3944.2022.2.01.

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In the article, the authors have analysed the design and structural features of various materials for external insulation of high-voltage apparatuses, namely, high-voltage equipment of stations and substations. The operational reliability of the external insulation is determined mainly by the electrical load, which is characterized by the local values of the field strength. The field strength along the insulating cover is distributed very unevenly and has a maximum value near the electrode with high voltage. Electrical isolators are used in all high-voltage apparatus of electrical transmission and distribution circuits to separate the voltage from the ground. The materials used in the development and production of electrical insulators have certain unique characteristics. These materials prevent the free passage of internal electric charges in the material, which makes it practically impossible to conduct an electric current. The ability of a material to prevent electrical conductivity is characterized by its dielectric strength. Polymer insulators allow you to combine high mechanical strength with satisfactory electrical characteristics. In such combined structures, fiberglass rods or cylinders are used as an element that withstands mechanical load. Also, the design of the internal insulation of the capacitor type, impregnated and filled with hardened epoxy resin, allows for particularly precise winding of the synthetic material and the placement of aluminium foils, which provide the capacitive levelling of the graduation and are necessary for the control and formation of the electric field. Such a field is controlled in such a way as to optimize the dimensions, mass and electrical characteristics of the high-voltage apparatus depending on the voltage class and other parameters. The protective polymer coating provides high electrical characteristics of insulators under operating conditions. It is known that during the operation of the high-voltage device, the aging rate of the external insulation is additionally enhanced due to the complex and heterogeneous structure of the insulating cover itself, as well as the influence of the surrounding environment and weather conditions. The main element of external insulation is the supporting insulating cover, in the middle of which the elements of the active part of a certain electrical device are placed. Its basis is usually a glass-epoxy cylinder (this ensures the mechanical stability of the structure), on which ribs made of organosilicon rubber are placed, which in turn ensures the electrical strength of the external insulation.

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Lin, Tiegui, Langping Wang, Xiaofeng Wang i Yufen Zhang. "Low-temperature fabrication of VO2 thin film on ITO glass with a Mott transition". Functional Materials Letters 09, nr 05 (październik 2016): 1650062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604716500624.

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Polycrystalline Vanadium dioxide (VO2) thin film can be fabricated on glass substrates by high power impulse magnetron sputtering at a relative high temperature. In order to apply an effective bias voltage on substrate and control the energy of the ions impinged to the substrate, conductive indium-tin oxide (ITO) glass was used as the substrate. UV-visible-near IR transmittance spectra and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the as-deposited films exhibited that M-VO2 thin film with a metal–insulator transition temperature of 37[Formula: see text]C was fabricated successfully at 300[Formula: see text]C with a bias voltage of [Formula: see text]200[Formula: see text]V, and the calculated average crystalline size of this film was about 12[Formula: see text]nm. XRD patterns at varied temperatures showed that the structural change of MIT of the VO2 thin film was suppressed during the phase transition process, and a pure Mott transition was obtained.

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Muangpratoom, Pichai, Issaraporn Khonchaiyaphum i Wanwilai Vittayakorn. "Improvement of the Electrical Performance of Outdoor Porcelain Insulators by Utilization of a Novel Nano-TiO2 Coating for Application in Railway Electrification Systems". Energies 16, nr 1 (3.01.2023): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010561.

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The present study aimed to develop the electrical performance of outdoor insulators using a nano-TiO2 coating for railway electrification systems. The prototype design of porcelain insulators with normal coatings and using a nano-TiO2 coating is based on IEC 60815-1. The first test was performed to measure the low-frequency flashover AC voltage under both dry and wet conditions. In addition, the other test was conducted to measure the lightning impulse critical-flashover voltage at positive and negative polarity under dry-normal and wet-contaminated conditions. X-ray diffraction (X-RD) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to examine the micro surface and show that the nano-TiO2 coating was adhered to the surface of the outdoor porcelain insulator and exists in an amorphous state. Additionally, it was observed and discovered that scattered nano-TiO2 strengthens the glassy matrix and creates a sturdy barrier that causes flashover voltage to be reduced under conditions of high dielectric strength. Nanostructured ceramic formulations outperform ordinary porcelain in terms of breakdown voltage strength, particularly for the insulators’ low-frequency flashover performances under dry and wet test conditions. However, a significant change in the lightning impulse critical-flashover voltage characteristics is observed and is not much better when adding the nano-TiO2 coating to the porcelain insulators.

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Kumosa, L., M. Kumosa i D. Armentrout. "Resistance to stress corrosion cracking of unidirectional ECR-glass/polymer composites for high voltage composite insulator applications". Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 34, nr 1 (styczeń 2003): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-835x(02)00260-9.

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Tsai, Jeff T. H., Chia-Yun Hsu, Chia-Hsiang Hsu, Chu-Shou Yang i Tai-Yuan Lin. "Fabrication of Resistive Random Access Memory by Atomic Force Microscope Local Anodic Oxidation". Nano 10, nr 02 (luty 2015): 1550028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292015500289.

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The fabrication of gallium, zinc and nickel oxide nanodots for application of resistive random access memory (RRAM) was demonstrated using the atomic force microscopy (AFM) local anodic oxidation technique. Thin metal films were deposited on indium tin oxide conductive glass substrates. In the atmospheric environment, using AFM equipped with an Ag -coated probe can generate metal oxide nanodots locally on the metal films. These nanodots act as an insulator layer in a single unit cell of the RRAM. The voltage-biased method allows devices to reset from a low-resistance state (LRS) to a high-resistance state (HRS) at 0.9 V. These results show the ability of the AFM local anodic oxidation to produce 50 nm NiO nanodots on glass substrates for potentially high-density RRAMs. As we developed the characteristics of the structure, we found that a lateral NiO nanobelt RRAM performs very low power operation from such experimental manufacturing process. Using a current-biased method, the lateral device switches from a HRS to a LRS with a low writing voltage of 0.64 V.

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Femia, N., G. Lupò, C. Petrarca, V. Tucci i M. Vitelli. "Performances of high-voltage glass insulators subjected to fast transient overvoltages". European Transactions on Electrical Power 6, nr 2 (7.09.2007): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etep.4450060207.

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Gao, Yanfeng, Xidong Liang, Yingyan Liu, Weining Bao, Shaohua Li i Chao Wu. "Effect of electrical stress on glass fiber reinforced polymer used in high voltage composite insulator under wet environment". Composites Science and Technology 155 (luty 2018): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2017.11.026.

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Sakdanuphab, Rachasak, i Aparporn Sakulkalavek. "Resistive Switching Behavior of Ti/ZnO/Mo Thin Film Structure for Nonvolatile Memory Applications". Key Engineering Materials 659 (sierpień 2015): 588–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.659.588.

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In this work, we study the resistive switching behavior of a new model metal/insulator/metal (MIM) junction. The MIM junction consists of titanium front electrode, zinc oxide insulation layer and molybdenum back electrode. The Ti/ZnO/Mo structure was prepared on 3x3 cm2 soda lime glass substrates using dc magnetron sputtering for metal electrodes and rf magnetron sputtering for ZnO layer. The thicknesses of Ti, ZnO and Mo films were controlled at 200nm, 50nm and 500nm, respectively. The crystalline structure and microstructure of the films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of the device cells were obtained by using dc voltage sweep mode. The XRD spectra of the devices show Mo(100) and ZnO(002) preferred orientations. The Mo and ZnO film surfaces exhibit dense crystallized grains with the root mean square roughness (RMS) of 1.0 and 1.4 nm, respectively. The device cells behave unipolar resistive switching characteristics with reversible, controllable and reliability within 150 cycles. The difference between high resistive state (HRS) and low resistive state (LRS) is about 103 times. A low operating voltage range of 0.50-0.60V is obtained for switching from HRS to LRS at a current compliance of 10mA. The new MIM structure was demonstrated and suggested a potential to use as nonvolatile memory application.

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Mushi, Aviti, Jackson Justo i Alexander Kyaruzi. "Studying Dielectric Losses of Serially Combined Silicone Rubber and Epoxy Resin". Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology 42, nr 1 (28.02.2023): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.52339/tjet.v42i1.891.

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High voltage outdoor insulation systems are conventionally ceramics and glass with several advantages, such as proven in the field, excellent dielectric properties, durability, and long life. However, they are heavy, attract vandals and break easily, and they can lose their dielectric properties easily when subjected to high voltage transients, arcing, and surges. To curb this, polymer insulators are used because they have excellent dielectric properties, such as those of ceramics and glass, with the added advantages that they do not break easily and recover their lost dielectric properties after any electrical transients. Therefore, this paper investigates the dielectric properties of polymeric materials – silicone rubber (SR) and epoxy resin (ER). Some SR samples were manufactured in the laboratory, and others were obtained from the industrial manufacturer. All the ER samples were manufactured in the laboratory. The dielectric measurements were performed with the Insulation Diagnostics System. Within the measured frequency ranges, the dielectric losses of SR manufactured industrially differ from the laboratory-manufactured specimens. This is due to filler materials in the industrially manufactured samples. For the case of serially connecting the SR and ER, there was a higher influence of dielectric loss of SR than the ER, with some remarkable dielectric losses at some frequencies.

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Roula, A., K. Boudeghdegh i N. Boufafa. "Improving usual and dielectric properties of ceramic high voltage insulators". Cerâmica 55, nr 334 (czerwiec 2009): 206–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0366-69132009000200014.

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The optimization of the formulation (nature and content of chemical components) and the technical parameters of the shaping-up process of ceramic insulators (in replacement of those in glass) are the objectives of this study. The decontamination of SiO2 (solid-liquid extraction of Fe xOy) and the increase of both BaO and ZrO2 amounts (while Na2O is partially eliminated) and the firing temperature allowed a significant increase of all the phys-mechanical and insulating properties at the commercial frequency 50-60 Hz. Samples with 15 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness and others for mechanical properties were needed. The characterization concerned Ba-Zr(Al xSi1-x)O3 ceramic samples. By data computing of the test results, a new "computed" formulation (Ba-stabilized and Zr doped mullite) showed excellent phys-mechanical (density, viscosity, flexural and traction strengths) and insulating properties (transversal resistivity, dielectric strength).

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Werling, Tobias, Georg Baumann, Florian Feist, Wolfgang Sinz i Christian Ellersdorfer. "On the Dynamic Electro-Mechanical Failure Behavior of Automotive High-Voltage Busbars Using a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar". Materials 14, nr 21 (22.10.2021): 6320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14216320.

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High-voltage busbars are important electrical components in today’s electric vehicle battery systems. Mechanical deformations in the event of a vehicle crash could lead to electrical busbar failure and hazardous situations that pose a threat to people and surroundings. In order to ensure a safe application of busbars, this study investigated their mechanical behavior under high strain rate loading using a split Hopkinson pressure bar. Two different types of high-voltage busbars, consisting of a polyamide 12 and a glass-fiber-reinforced (30%) polyamide 6 insulation layer, were tested. Additionally, the test setup included a 1000 V electrical short circuit measurement to link the electrical with the mechanical failure. It was found that the polyamide 12 insulated busbars’ safety regarding insulation failure increases at high loading speed compared to quasi-static measurements. On the contrary, the fiber-reinforced polyamide 6 insulated busbar revealed highly brittle material behavior leading to reduced bearable loads and intrusions. Finally, the split Hopkinson pressure bar tests were simulated. Existing material models for the thermoplastics were complemented with an optimized generalized incremental stress state-dependent model (GISSMO) with strain rate dependency. A good agreement with the experimental behavior was achieved, although the absence of viscoelasticity in the underlying material models was notable.

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Cherney, Edward, Anthony Baker, Bruce Freimark, Ravi Gorur, Zelindo Lodi, Massimo Marzinotto, Isaias Ramirez-Vazquez i Gerald Stewart. "Evaluation of and Replacement Strategies for Aged High-Voltage Toughened Glass-Suspension Insulators". IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 30, nr 3 (czerwiec 2015): 1145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2014.2369457.

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Owen, M. J., S. J. Harris i B. Noble. "Failure of high voltage electrical insulators with pultruded glass fibre-reinforced plastic cores". Composites 17, nr 3 (lipiec 1986): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-4361(86)91005-0.

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Tang, W. M., M. G. Helander, M. T. Greiner, Z. H. Lu i W. T. Ng. "Effects of Annealing Time on the Performance of OTFT on Glass with ZrO2as Gate Dielectric". Active and Passive Electronic Components 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/901076.

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Copper phthalocyanine-based organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) with zirconium oxide (ZrO2) as gate dielectric have been fabricated on glass substrates. The gate dielectric is annealed in N2at different durations (5, 15, 40, and 60 min) to investigate the effects of annealing time on the electrical properties of the OTFTs. Experimental results show that the longer the annealing time for the OTFT, the better the performance. Among the devices studied, OTFTs with gate dielectric annealed at 350°C in N2for 60 min exhibit the best device performance. They have a small threshold voltage of −0.58 V, a low subthreshold slope of 0.8 V/decade, and a low off-state current of 0.73 nA. These characteristics demonstrate that the fabricated device is suitable for low-voltage and low-power operations. When compared with the TFT samples annealed for 5 min, the ones annealed for 60 min have 20% higher mobility and nearly two times smaller the subthreshold slope and off-state current. The extended annealing can effectively reduce the defects in the high-k film and produces a better insulator/organic interface. This results in lower amount of carrier scattering and larger CuPc grains for carrier transport.

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38

Ilomuanya, Chibuike, Azam Nekahi i Shahab Farokhi. "A Study of the Cleansing Effect of Precipitation and Wind on Polluted Outdoor High Voltage Glass Cap and Pin Insulator". IEEE Access 10 (2022): 20669–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3148709.

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Gao, Yanfeng, Xidong Liang, Weining Bao, Chao Wu, Shaohua Li, Yingyan Liu i Yuanji Cai. "Study on liquids diffusion into and relevant corrosion behaviour of glass fibre reinforced polymer used in high voltage composite insulator". High Voltage 5, nr 1 (luty 2020): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/hve.2018.5107.

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Kluss, J., M. Chalaki-Rostaghi, K. Yousefpour, Z. Ahmed i F. Haque. "Influence of Standard Lightning Impulse Front Time Tolerances on the Flashover Voltage of Suspension Insulators". Proceedings of the Nordic Insulation Symposium, nr 26 (8.08.2019): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5324/nordis.v0i26.3282.

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For high voltage impulse testing, a standard lightning impulse is defined in IEEE Std. 4 and IEC 60060-1 as a double exponential waveform having a front time T1 = 1.2 μs ± 30% and time to half-value T2 = 50 μs ± 20%. It has been noticed that for a given specimen, it is possible to successfully pass a flashover test at one end of the T1 tolerance range while failing the same test at the opposite end of the tolerance spectrum. Consequently, a systematic approach was adopted to investigate this observation. Up-and-down tests were performed to define the disruptive discharge voltage (critical flashover voltage CFO, U50) for 1, 5, 10, and 15 unit glass insulator strings standard lightning impulses using the minimum acceptance front time value (T1 ≈ 0.84 μs). Tests were repeated using the maximum tolerance value (T1 ≈ 1.56 μs) to investigate the degree of divergence in the flashover value. Particular attention is given to the steepness (voltage-time characteristics) of the applied impulse to consider if tolerance criteria amendment is merited in a future standard revision. As the steepness impact is more renowned in non-uniform geometries, field homogeneity as a function of string length is also incorporated into the analysis.

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Ling, Hongzheng. "Application of Comprehensive Diagnosis Technique in Fault Analysis of FRP Bushing of 110kV Transformer". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2310, nr 1 (1.10.2022): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2310/1/012026.

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Abstract FRP high-voltage bushing is widely used in power system because of its advantages of good mechanical strength, short production cycle and free maintenance. Due to the immobility of solid insulation such as glass fiber reinforced plastic and epoxy resin, once there is a local hidden danger, it will not heal itself, which is bound to develop into insulation breakdown. In this paper, starting from the creepage fault of a 110kV transformer FRP high-voltage bushing, comprehensive diagnosis techniques such as test detection, online monitoring, disintegration analysis and simulation calculation are adopted. Different diagnosis methods confirm each other and determine the cause of the fault. The analysis method in this paper has important reference value for fault analysis of high voltage equipment.

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42

Huang, Fang. "The Influence of Additives on the Heat-Resistant High Voltage-Resistant Insulation Material". Advanced Materials Research 391-392 (grudzień 2011): 336–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.391-392.336.

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Typically, the resin matrix, glass fibers and fillers in the molding composition of about 80%, and other components including the initiator and inhibitor, chemical thickeners, low shrink / low waviness additives, coloring agents, release agents, etc. Although a small proportion of them, but to improve performance, processes, and molding compounds, such as SMC / BMC's performance has played a very important role.

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43

Lin, Wenhua, Yeqing Wang, Youssef Aider, Mojtaba Rostaghi-Chalaki, Kamran Yousefpour, Joni Kluss, David Wallace, Yakun Liu i Weifei Hu. "Analysis of damage modes of glass fiber composites subjected to simulated lightning strike impulse voltage puncture and direct high voltage AC puncture". Journal of Composite Materials 54, nr 26 (22.05.2020): 4067–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998320927736.

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Understanding the damage mechanisms of fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composite materials under high voltage conditions is of great significance for lightning strike protection and high voltage insulation applications of composite structures. In this paper, we investigated effects of the lightning impulse (LI) voltage and high voltage alternating current (HVAC) puncture on damage modes of the electrically nonconductive glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) matrix composite materials through experimental tests and numerical simulations. The LI and HVAC tests represent the lightning strike and high voltage insulation cable puncture conditions, respectively. Our experimental examinations showed that GFRP composite specimens subjected to the LI voltage test exhibited distinct damage modes compared with those in the HVAC puncture test. The GFRP composite material suffered more charring and fiber vaporization in the HVAC puncture test, whereas less matrix charring and fiber vaporization but severe fiber breakage and delamination in response to the LI voltage tests. The findings indicate that the thermal effect dominates the damage of GFRP composites inflicted by the HVAC puncture test, whereas the mechanical impact effect governs the GFRP composite damage in the LI voltage test. In addition, the electric arc plasma formation during the puncture of the GFRP composite material was modeled through solving Maxwell’s equations and the heat generation equations using finite element analysis. Simulation results provided insights on the effects of duration and intensity of the high voltage electric discharge on the composite damage.

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Gusak, N. Ya, A. I. Postoronko i V. F. Gaivoronskii. "Optimization of process parameters for producing hardened-glass insulating parts for high-voltage insulators". Glass and Ceramics 63, nr 3-4 (marzec 2006): 113–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10717-006-0053-5.

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Gao, Nai Kui, Chun Wu, Wen Xi Zhang, Zhou Xu i Hai Yun Jin. "The Thermal Expansion Characteristics of Epoxy Resin/Crepe Paper Composites for High-Voltage DC Bushing". Materials Science Forum 761 (lipiec 2013): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.761.23.

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Abstract. In this paper, the thermal expansion characteristics of epoxy resin/crepe paper composite insulation structure for high-voltage DC bushing were studied. The results showed that when temperature was lower than the glass transition temperature(Tg) of epoxy resin, coefficients of thermal expansion along axial and radial direction of the insulation structure increased with increasing temperature; When higher than Tg, with an increasing temperature, the CTE along radial direction of the structure increased-even larger than the pure epoxy, while axial decreased. Tg is obtained by DSC. The microstructure of high-voltage DC bushing was observed by polarizing microscope. On the basis of the above analysis, the different trend in thermal expansion characteristics may be resulted from the sample structure, fiber distribution of crepe paper and the movement of epoxy resin molecular chains.

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Duan, Qijun, Guowei Xia, Yanze Song, Guohua Yin, Yuyao Zhong, Jun Xie i Qing Xie. "Plasma Fluorinated Nano-SiO2 Enhances the Surface Insulation Performance of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer". Nanomaterials 13, nr 5 (28.02.2023): 906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13050906.

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With the extensive application of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) in the field of high voltage insulation, its operating environment is becoming more and more complex, and the surface insulation failure has gradually become a pivotal problem affecting the safety of equipment. In this paper, nano-SiO2 was fluorinated by Dielectric barrier discharges (DBD) plasma and doped with GFRP to enhance the insulation performance. Through Fourier Transform Ioncyclotron Resonance (FTIR) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) characterization of nano fillers before and after modification, it was found that plasma fluorination can graft a large number of fluorinated groups on the surface of SiO2. The introduction of fluorinated SiO2 (FSiO2) can significantly enhance the interfacial bonding strength of the fiber, matrix and filler in GFRP. The DC surface flashover voltage of modified GFRP was further tested. The results show that both SiO2 and FSiO2 can improve the flashover voltage of GFRP. When the concentration of FSiO2 is 3%, the flashover voltage increases most significantly to 14.71 kV, which is 38.77% higher than that of unmodified GFRP. The charge dissipation test results show that the addition of FSiO2 can inhibit the surface charge migration. By the calculation of Density functional theory (DFT) and charge trap, it is found that grafting fluorine-containing groups on SiO2 can increase its band gap and enhance its electron binding ability. Furthermore, a large number of deep trap levels are introduced into the nanointerface inside GFRP to enhance the inhibition of secondary electron collapse, thus increasing the flashover voltage.

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Lee, Jiseob, i Jin Jang. "(Invited) Short Channel Coplanar Amorphous-Indium-Gallium-Zinc-Oxide Thin-Film Transistors on Polyimide Substrate for High Resolution Displays". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, nr 35 (9.10.2022): 1274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02351274mtgabs.

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High-resolution active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) thin-film transistor (TFT) backplane with lower power consumption is needed for augmented reality (AR) applications. The near-to-eye format of AR terminals needs facing several technical challenges, such as higher optical efficiency, wider field of view, lighter weight, and smaller size to accelerate widespread applications. For these reasons, downscaling of TFTs with amorphous-indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (a-IGZO) or LTPS is required. The channel length should be less than 1 μm and the flexible substrate is better than glass because of light weight and very thin structure. TFT technologies on polyimide (PI) substrate can support the applications for foldable and rollable displays. For flexible AMOLED, PI layer of 10 to 20 um is widely used for foldable displays. The PI layer is coated by slot coating on the top of a carrier glass with a buffer layer of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene oxide (GO) mixture coated by spray. This layer can reduce the adhesion force between PI and glass and thus mechanical detachment can be possible. The CNTs are conducting so that it can release the electrostatic discharge (ESD) damage because CNTs/GO layer exists on the bottom side of the PI substrate. The PI substrate is covered by SiO2 and ZrAlOx layers (five layers in total starting with SiO2) by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition and spray pyrolysis, respectively, which acts as a gas barrier. The amorphous ZrAlOx film by spray coating can be used as a high-k gate insulator and also a gas barrier. The threshold voltage of a-IGZO TFTs tends to shift toward negative gate voltage with decreasing the channel length. In this work, a ZrAlOx passivation layer is introduced for the short channel, coplanar a-IGZO TFT. A very thin ZrAlOx layer is deposited by spray pyrolysis on the top of a-IGZO TFT at the substrate temperature of 350 ℃ before interlayer deposition. The a-IGZO TFT with a very thin ZrAlOx layer exhibits the stable threshold voltage dependence with decreasing the channel length. The 0.8 μm channel length a-IGZO TFT with ZrAlOx layer by spray pyrolysis at the substrate temperature of 350 ℃ exhibits the field-effect mobility of 7.09 cm2 V-1 s-1, the threshold voltage of -0.6 V, and on/off current ratio of 3.3 × 107. The formation of Zr-O bonds on the a-IGZO surface region reduces the carrier concentration in the a-IGZO TFT offset region, between source/drain contact and the channel, and blocks the carrier diffusion into the channel. This is the first reported self-aligned coplanar a-IGZO TFT under 1 μm channel length on a flexible substrate. Figure 1

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Yushkov, Ivan D., Liping Yin, Gennadiy N. Kamaev, Igor P. Prosvirin, Pavel V. Geydt, Michel Vergnat i Vladimir A. Volodin. "Memristors Based on Many-Layer Non-Stoichiometric Germanosilicate Glass Films". Electronics 12, nr 4 (9.02.2023): 873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12040873.

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Nonstoichiometric GeSixOy glass films and many-layer structures based on them were obtained by high-vacuum electron beam vapor deposition (EBVD). Using EBVD, the GeO2, SiO, SiO2, or Ge powders were co-evaporated and deposited onto a cold (100 °C) p+-Si(001) substrate with resistivity ρ = 0.0016 ± 0.0001 Ohm·cm. The as-deposited samples were studied by Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. A transparent indium–tin–oxide (ITO) contact was deposited as the top electrode, and memristor metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) structures were fabricated. The current–voltage characteristics (I–V), as well as the resistive switching cycles of the MIS, have been studied. Reversible resistive switching (memristor effect) was observed for one-layer GeSi0.9O2.8, two-layer GeSi0.9O1.8/GeSi0.9O2.8 and GeSi0.9O1.8/SiO, and three-layer SiO2/a–Ge/GeSi0.9O2.8 MIS structures. For a one-layer MIS structure, the number of rewriting cycles reached several thousand, while the memory window (the ratio of currents in the ON and OFF states) remained at 1–2 orders of magnitude. Intermediate resistance states were observed in many-layer structures. These states may be promising for use in multi-bit memristors and for simulating neural networks. In the three-layer MIS structure, resistive switching took place quite smoothly, and hysteresis was observed in the I–V characteristics; such a structure can be used as an “analog” memristor.

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Zhai, Peng, Xin Pei Ma i Nan Zheng. "Surface Flashover Performance of Ion-Exchanged Machinable Glass Ceramics Material in Vacuum". Advanced Materials Research 217-218 (marzec 2011): 516–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.217-218.516.

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Under the high electric field, discharge sometimes occurs along the surface of solid in vacuum, gas or liquid dielectrics, which is called surface flashover.SiO2-B2O3-K2O-Li2O-Al2O3-ZnO-MgO-F system glass ceramics has great machinability and excellent dielectronic property.This paper tries to study different time of ion-exchanged samples and their microstructures，which affect surface flashover performance of this novel material under the systerm of high voltage in vacuum. Compared to traditional coating method on alumina ceramic, the ion exchange treatment on glass ceramic can produce a tremendous improvement of flashover characteristics. The results show that the 10 hours ion-exchanged glass ceramic enjoys the most prominent insulation strength.Based on the theory of SEEA (Secondary Electron Emission Avalanche), these phenomena can be reasonably explained by the charge carrier injection and transport behaviors.

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Burda, Iurii, Michel Barbezat i Andreas J. Brunner. "The effect of nano- and micron-scale filler modified epoxy matrix on glass-fiber reinforced polymer insulator component behavior". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 235, nr 6 (12.03.2021): 1287–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14644207211000775.

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Glass-fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite rods with epoxy matrix filled with electrically nonconducting particles find widespread use in high-voltage electrical insulator applications. The service loads require a range of different, minimum material property values, e.g. toughness, tensile, or compressive strength, but also component-specific performance, e.g. pull-out friction of surface crimped metal fittings or electric breakdown strength. The contribution discusses selected examples of the effects of different particle filler types on the properties of filled epoxy resin as well as on the behavior of GFRP rods with such a matrix. In all investigated systems CaCO3 was used as micron-sized filler, complemented by different amounts of either nanosilica or core-shell rubber (binary filler), or by both, nanosilica and core-shell rubber (ternary filler). With ternary filler combinations at a content of 36 wt%, fracture toughness GIC was improved in nanocomposite epoxy plates and in GFRP rods by 60% and 100%, respectively compared to a matrix with 20 wt% CaCO3 (used as reference system). The glass transition temperature Tg for some ternary systems dropped from 160 °C (for neat epoxy), to approximately 140 °C, the maximum allowed drop in Tg in view of requirements from further processing steps of the electrically insulating components. The ternary fillers yield transfer of the improvements of fracture properties from epoxy nanocomposite plates into the GFRP rods beyond that of the system with CaCO3 filler only. Compressive strength of the GFRP rods was improved by about 20% only for the binary nanosilica and CaCO3 filler, and was not significantly enhanced with the ternary systems. That combination, however, did not yield improvements in toughness beyond the CaCO3-filled nanocomposite plates and rods. With the range of filler types and contents investigated here, it was hence not possible to simultaneously optimize both, fracture toughness and compressive strength of the GFRP insulator rods.

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