Artykuły w czasopismach: „High Voltage Ceramic insulators”

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Frącz, Paweł, Ireneusz Urbaniec, Tomasz Turba i Sławomir Krzewiński. "Diagnosis of High Voltage Insulators Made of Ceramic Using Spectrophotometry". Journal of Spectroscopy 2016 (2016): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9548302.

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The paper presents results of comparative analysis of optical signals emitted by partial discharges occurring on three types of high voltage insulators made of porcelain. The research work consisted of diagnosis of the following devices: a long rod insulator, a cap insulator, and an insulating cylinder. For optical signal registration a spectrophotometer was applied. All measurements were performed under laboratory conditions by changing the value of partial discharges generation voltage. For the cylindrical insulator also the distance between high voltage and ground electrodes was subjected for investigation as a factor having influence on partial discharges. The main contribution which resulted from the studies is statement that application of spectrophotometer enables faster recognition of partial discharges, as compared to standard methods.

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Liu, Yong, i Xingwang Huang. "Effects of Flash Sintering Parameters on Performance of Ceramic Insulator". Energies 14, nr 4 (22.02.2021): 1157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14041157.

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Ceramic outdoor insulators play an important role in electrical insulation and mechanical support because of good chemical and thermal stability, which have been widely used in power systems. However, the brittleness and surface discharge of ceramic material greatly limit the application of ceramic insulators. From the perspective of sintering technology, flash sintering technology is used to improve the performance of ceramic insulators. In this paper, the simulation model of producing the ceramic insulator by the flash sintering technology was set up. Material Studio was used to study the influence of electric field intensity and temperature on the alumina unit cell. COMSOL was used to study the influence of electric field intensity and current density on sintering speed, density and grain size. Obtained results showed that under high temperature and high voltage, the volume of the unit cell becomes smaller and the atoms are arranged more closely. The increase of current density can result in higher ceramic density and larger grain size. With the electric field intensity increasing, incubation time shows a decreasing tendency and energy consumption is reduced. Ceramic insulators with a higher uniform structure and a smaller grain size can show better dielectric performance and higher flashover voltage.

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Palhade, R. D., V. B. Tungikar, G. M. Dhole i S. M. Kherde. "Coupled Field Thermoelectric Simulation of High Voltage Ceramic Cap and Pin Disc Type Insulator Assembly". International Journal of Manufacturing, Materials, and Mechanical Engineering 4, nr 1 (styczeń 2014): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmmme.2014010105.

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Transmission of high power at high voltages over very long distances has become very imperative. At present, throughout the globe, this task performed by overhead transmission lines. The dual task of mechanically supporting and electrically isolating the live phase conductors from the support tower is performed by insulators. The electrical potential, field and temperature distribution along the insulators governs the possible effects, which is quite detrimental to the system. However, a reliable data on electrical potential, field and temperature distribution in commonly employed insulators are rather scarce or access individually for thermal or electrical load only. Considering this, the present work has made an attempt to study accurately, thermal and electrical characteristics of 11 kV single cap and pin type ceramic disc distribution insulator assembly used for high voltage transmission. The coupled field thermo electrical finite element by using commercially available FEM software Ansys-11 is employed for the required field computations. This new set of ANSYS coupled-field elements enables users to accurately and efficiently analyze thermoelectric devices. This paper review the finite element formulation, which in addition to Joule heating, includes Seebeck, Peltier, Thomson effects and electrical load, i. e. by considering thermal and electric loads acting simultaneously. The Electrical voltage, electrical field and temperature distribution is deduced and compared with various other/individual analyses.

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Akbar, Mohammad, i Basharat Mehmood. "Global experience of HVDC composite insulators in outdoor and indoor environment". REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE 59, nr 1 (17.12.2020): 606–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rams-2020-0050.

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AbstractHigh-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission is known as green-energy transfer technology and has recently become an attractive alternative of high-voltage alternating current (HVAC) due to its high-power transmission capability and lower power loss. Use of composite insulators on direct current (DC) transmission lines experienced rapid growth in recent years due to their high hydrophobicity and better performance in contaminated environment than conventional ceramic insulators. During their service operation on DC lines, insulators are prone to more accumulation of contaminants due to unidirectional electric field. The contaminants under wet conditions allow leakage current to flow on the insulator surface. Being organic in nature, polymeric insulators have a tendency to age under the combined effects of electrical and environmental stresses. To fully understand the long-term aging performance of DC composite insulators, a detailed survey was considered necessary. Towards that end, this paper critically summarizes worldwide experience of aging performance of composite insulators in the field as well as in laboratory conditions.

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Rosli, Hanan, Nordiana Azlin Othman, Nor Akmal Mohd Jamail i Muhammad Nafis Ismail. "Effects of external shed damage on voltage and electric field profile for overhead insulators". World Journal of Engineering 16, nr 4 (8.08.2019): 468–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-03-2018-0112.

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Purpose This paper aims to present simulation studies on voltage and electric field characteristics for imperfect ceramic insulators using QuickFieldTM software. Based on previous studies, it is accepted that string insulator can still serve the transmission line although imperfect of certain insulator exist in a string. However, different materials of porcelain and glass type had made these insulators own different abilities to carry electricity to be transferred to the consumers. Design/methodology/approach Cap and pin type of porcelain and glass insulators are used as the main subject for comparison. The simulation works begins with modeling a single insulator, followed by string of ten insulators with their respective applied voltage, that is, 11 and 132 kV. The insulator was modeled in alternate current conduction analysis problem type using QuickField Professional Software. Technical parameters for porcelain and glass insulator were manually inserted in the modeling. Findings This paper presents an investigation on the influence of broken porcelain and glass insulators in string for voltage and electric field characteristics. For single insulator, the voltage distribution may literally reduce when experiencing external damages; whereby the broken porcelain insulator condition is worse than the glass insulator. In terms of electric field distribution, the glass insulator is badly affected compared with the porcelain insulator, as it is pulverized comprehensively. Research limitations/implications Further work needs to be done to establish whether the experiments of these simulations study will present coequal outcomes. This study endeavors in promoting a good example of voltage and electric field characteristics across high voltage (HV) insulator with the presence of broken insulator in the string. Practical implications This study is beneficial to future researchers and manufacturing companies in strategic management and research planning when they involve in the field of HV insulators. It will also serve as a future reference for academic and study purposes. This research will also educate many people on how HV insulators work. Social implications This study will be helpful to the industry and business practitioners in training for the additional results and knowledge to be updated in the area of HV insulators. Originality/value This paper presents the analysis of porcelain and glass insulators according to their respective logic conditions when broken. Consequently, the existence of a damage insulator in a string may alter the distribution of voltage and electric field which may ultimately lead to the insulation breakdown after some time. This is because the broken insulator may cause other insulators to withstand the remaining voltage allocated for that particular insulator and may affect the insulators in terms of the life span. Therefore, the distribution of voltage and electrical field characteristics in the presence of broken insulators had been studied in this project.

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Tudose, I. V., M. Suchea, K. Siderakis, E. Thalassinakis i E. Koudoumas. "Comparative study on field collected samples of aged silicon rubber composite coatings for high voltage insulators". Acta Chemica Iasi 21, nr 2 (1.12.2013): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/achi-2013-0009.

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Abstract : Pollution of high voltage (HV) insulators is a phenomenon with a considerable impact to the performance of transmission and distribution electrical networks. The use of composite materials and especially Silicone Rubber proved to be an efficient improvement, capable of suppressing the problem and diminishing the flashover probability. As a result ceramic insulators in transmission lines are replaced by insulators with composite housing, either HTV Silicone Rubber or LSR. In the case of HV substations however, the replacement of insulators is rather difficult, due to the complexity of the equipment and the corresponding financial cost. In this case the application of RTV Silicone Rubber is an equivalent alternative. The ceramic insulators are covered with a 0.5 mm RTV SIR coating which provides the advantages of composite insulators on a ceramic substrate. After installation the possible material lifetime, which is determined by the service conditions and the material formulation, is of primary concern. In Crete, a large scale application exists and coatings that exceed a service period of 10 years are still in operation. The present study focuses on the structural and morphological characterization of field collected composite insulators of various ages so that the degradation degree can be correlated with their service.

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Eleperuma, K., T. P. Saha i T. Gillespie. "Electric field modelling of non–Ceramic high voltage insulators". Australian Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 4, nr 3 (styczeń 2008): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1448837x.2008.11464190.

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Hawal, Abdallah O., Suliman A. Ben Rahma i Moayed M. Abdul Samed. "Electrical Performance Study of 11kV Coated Porcelain, Coated Glass, and Polymer Outdoor High Voltage Insulators". مجلة الجامعة الأسمرية: العلوم التطبيقية 8, nr 2 (5.06.2023): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.59743/jauas.8.2.1.

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The study in this paper investigates how contaminations and different types of pollutants affect the electrical performance of outdoor coated porcelain, coated glass, and composite insulators when subjected to an 11 kV AC voltage. The ceramic insulators (porcelain and glass) coating layer is assumed to be RTV silicon rubber material with a 0.5 mm thickness. The effect of these three pollution cases on the electrical performance were investigated using a commercial software called COMSOL Multiphysics based on the finite element method (FEM). The three pollution cases were uniform, non-uniform pollution, and water droplets. In the uniform pollution condition, the pollution layer over the surface of the insulators was assumed to be 0.5 mm; however, in non-uniform pollution condition, water patches with a thickness varying from 0.5 to 1.5 mm was used. In water droplets condition, hemispherical shapes were used to model water droplets with a diameter of 1 mm. Voltage, electrical field distributions, and dissipated power were computed along the creepage distance of the three insulators models. The simulation results indicated that for the uniform case, the lowest electrical field appeared on the silicon rubber insulator. For the non-uniform case, the electrical field distribution became more non-uniform for the three models. In the water droplets case, more fluctuations appeared in the metal end fittings where the water droplets were located. The analysis indicated that the maximum dissipated power was found to be for the coated glass. The obtained results showed that the silicon rubber insulator offered better performance compared with coated porcelain and glass. Coated porcelain offered better performance compared with the coated glass insulator.

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Muangpratoom, Pichai, Issaraporn Khonchaiyaphum i Wanwilai Vittayakorn. "Improvement of the Electrical Performance of Outdoor Porcelain Insulators by Utilization of a Novel Nano-TiO2 Coating for Application in Railway Electrification Systems". Energies 16, nr 1 (3.01.2023): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010561.

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The present study aimed to develop the electrical performance of outdoor insulators using a nano-TiO2 coating for railway electrification systems. The prototype design of porcelain insulators with normal coatings and using a nano-TiO2 coating is based on IEC 60815-1. The first test was performed to measure the low-frequency flashover AC voltage under both dry and wet conditions. In addition, the other test was conducted to measure the lightning impulse critical-flashover voltage at positive and negative polarity under dry-normal and wet-contaminated conditions. X-ray diffraction (X-RD) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to examine the micro surface and show that the nano-TiO2 coating was adhered to the surface of the outdoor porcelain insulator and exists in an amorphous state. Additionally, it was observed and discovered that scattered nano-TiO2 strengthens the glassy matrix and creates a sturdy barrier that causes flashover voltage to be reduced under conditions of high dielectric strength. Nanostructured ceramic formulations outperform ordinary porcelain in terms of breakdown voltage strength, particularly for the insulators’ low-frequency flashover performances under dry and wet test conditions. However, a significant change in the lightning impulse critical-flashover voltage characteristics is observed and is not much better when adding the nano-TiO2 coating to the porcelain insulators.

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Roula, A., K. Boudeghdegh i N. Boufafa. "Improving usual and dielectric properties of ceramic high voltage insulators". Cerâmica 55, nr 334 (czerwiec 2009): 206–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0366-69132009000200014.

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The optimization of the formulation (nature and content of chemical components) and the technical parameters of the shaping-up process of ceramic insulators (in replacement of those in glass) are the objectives of this study. The decontamination of SiO2 (solid-liquid extraction of Fe xOy) and the increase of both BaO and ZrO2 amounts (while Na2O is partially eliminated) and the firing temperature allowed a significant increase of all the phys-mechanical and insulating properties at the commercial frequency 50-60 Hz. Samples with 15 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness and others for mechanical properties were needed. The characterization concerned Ba-Zr(Al xSi1-x)O3 ceramic samples. By data computing of the test results, a new "computed" formulation (Ba-stabilized and Zr doped mullite) showed excellent phys-mechanical (density, viscosity, flexural and traction strengths) and insulating properties (transversal resistivity, dielectric strength).

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Dimitropoulou, M., D. Pylarinos, K. Siderakis, E. Thalassinakis i M. Danikas. "Comparative Investigation of Pollution Accumulation and Natural Cleaning for Different HV Insulators". Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 5, nr 2 (20.04.2015): 764–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.545.

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High Voltage insulators are scattered throughout any HV network and a single insulator fault may cause an excessive outage. Reliability is a key issue for electric power systems and fault-free performance of insulators greatly reflects on the reliability of the system. Environmental influence is rather important for the optimum selection of outdoor insulators and, therefore, field measurements provide valuable information. Utilities perform such measurements in order to decide upon the location/route of new HV installations (substations, lines etc) and also to optimize the selection, maintenance and replacement of already installed insulators. A rather interesting case in Greek territory is the island of Crete, due to the coastal development of the network and the local weather conditions. The Greek utility has employed a variety of remedies to cope with the pollution problem. Following the positive feedback after the installation on certain tower in the past, a large project to replace all ceramic insulators with new polymer ones of hydrophobic surface is now in progress. Polymer coatings have also been extensively applied on substations and also on certain areas/towers of the transmission network in the past. In order to investigate the pollution accumulation and the impact of natural washing on different insulator types, a series of periodical ESDD and NSDD pollution measurements were conducted in HEDNO’s TALOS High Voltage Test Station for a 3-months period. Multiple measurements were performed on each insulator every month in order to collect additional data. Five different insulators were selected based on the types historically used in the Cretan Network. Along with the standard glass disc profile, two strings of glass fog profile (the one coated with RTV) and two long-rod composite insulators of different shed profile and material were used. Results are presented and discussed in this paper.

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Ngayakamo, B., i S. E. Park. "Evaluation of Tanzania local ceramic raw materials for high voltage porcelain insulators production". Cerâmica 64, nr 372 (grudzień 2018): 570–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0366-69132018643722427.

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Abstract This study evaluated the potential of locally sourced-ceramic raw materials in Tanzania, Pugu kaolin, Same clay, vermiculite and feldspar, for production of high voltage porcelain insulators. The chemical, mineral phases and microstructural characterization of raw materials and porcelain samples were carried out using the X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy techniques, respectively. The mineral phases of the fired porcelain sample identified were mullite and quartz. The porcelain bodies were fabricated using the dry pressing method by varying the composition of the selected ceramic raw materials. The physical-mechanical properties and dielectric strength were measured for each porcelain sample. The sample with the composition of 20% Pugu kaolin, 20% Same clay, 20% vermiculite and 40% feldspar was found to have the dielectric strength of 50.8 kV.mm-1, bending strength of 20 MPa and water absorption of 0.46%, which satisfies the main requisite properties for high voltage porcelain insulators.

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Subba Reddy, B., i Udaya Kumar. "Enhancement of Surface Flashover Performance of High Voltage Ceramic Disc Insulators". Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 20, nr 1 (28.04.2010): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11665-010-9642-0.

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Posada, E. de, L. Moreira, M. Arronte, L. Ponce i T. Flores. "On the Use of Laser Ablation for Cleaning High Voltage Ceramic Insulators". Journal of Surface Engineered Materials and Advanced Technology 04, nr 05 (2014): 257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jsemat.2014.45029.

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Gorur, R. S., E. Cherney, C. de Tourreil, D. Dumora, R. Harmon, H. Hervig, B. Kingsbury i in. "Protective coatings for improving contamination performance of outdoor high voltage ceramic insulators". IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 10, nr 2 (kwiecień 1995): 924–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/61.400837.

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Kim, Taeyong, Simpy Sanyal, Ja-Bin Koo, Ju-Am Son, In-Hyuk Choi i Junsin Yi. "Analysis of Cement Deterioration in Outdoor High-Voltage Insulator". Materials 12, nr 24 (13.12.2019): 4201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12244201.

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Suspension type porcelain insulators used in overhead transmission lines comprise metal, ceramic, and cement. The deterioration of cement can lead to mechanical separation. For the degradation analysis, varied sizes of pores ranging from a few µm (capillary pores) to tens to hundreds of mm (detectable by naked eyes) were considered. Cracks that were hard to view with naked eyes were identified by staining with a fuchsine solution. The hydrogen ion concentration and pH value indicate the extent to which the cement is deteriorated. The longer the cement is used, the lower its pH value. High mechanical strength is considered an important advantage of porcelain insulators, and it may decline, if the cement is used for a longer period of time. Water ingress may also occur, resulting in expansion, due to the rehydration of the cement. The process and mechanism of expansion of cement, due to infiltration of water were described. As a method of analysis, a universal indicator was employed to evaluate the pH changes in cement. It was observed that the pH value was 12–13 for new products. However, for products that were used for 52 years, the pH value was under 7, which indicated an acidic tendency, due to deterioration.

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Zhuang, Jiandong, Ping Liu, Wenxin Dai, Xianzhi Fu, Han Lin, Wenlin Zeng i Fuwang Liao. "A Novel Application of Nano Anticontamination Technology for Outdoor High-Voltage Ceramic Insulators". International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology 7 (8.07.2009): E46—E53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7402.2009.02395.x.

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Costa Jr., Ana Cristina S., Patrícia Costa Fernandes Menezes, A. J. V. Andrade, Thiago Silva, E. G. Costa i A. C. F. M. Costa. "Evaluation of Current in Composites PVAL/Ceramics for Detection of Leakage Current Generated in Electrical Insulators". Materials Science Forum 869 (sierpień 2016): 308–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.869.308.

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This research aims to prepare composites of polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL) with ceramic nanoparticles loads (NPs) of Ti1.95Eu 0.05O2; ZnAl2O4 and Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 to evaluate the detection of leakage current generated in electrical insulator. The composites were prepared in the proportion of 6/1.5 g of the PVAL/ceramics and characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM and measurements of the current as a function of applied voltage. The results show for the composites with Ti1.95Eu0.05O2 and ZnAl2O4 a homogeneous morphology, while the structure of the composite formed by Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 resulted in a heterogeneous and porous morphology. The determination of the current as a function of the applied voltage has shown that there is a dependence of morphology and the semiconductor characteristic of the load used and the best results are therefore assigned for the composite produced with the Ti1.95Eu0.05O2 load with homogeneous morphology and high current values as a function of the applied voltage.

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Samkova, L. G., A. M. Moskalenko, K. L. Soboleva, A. G. Karpenko, N. M. Kulik, S. I. Brezhneva i N. L. Kobtseva. "Service reliability of high voltage glass suspension insulators". Glass and Ceramics 48, nr 8 (sierpień 1991): 334–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00677630.

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Krause, S. J., G. N. Maracas, W. J. Varhue i D. C. Joy. "Low-voltage high-resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy of semiconductors". Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (6.08.1989): 82–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100152380.

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The advent of scanning electron microscopes (SEMs) with reliable, high performance field emission guns (FEG) has afforded many opportunities to obtain new information at low voltages not available at higher voltages in traditional SEMs equipped with tungsten hairpin or LaB6 filaments. The FEG SEMs are able to operate at low voltages with both high brightness and high resolution (HR) due to the small source size and low energy spread of the beam. Resolution of 4 nm down to 1.5 nm are routinely possible in the energy range from 1 to 5 keV along with standard image recording times of 1 to 2 minutes. The low voltage capabilities have allowed insulating materials, such as polymers, composites, and ceramics to be imaged at high resolutions at energies below the second crossover, usually around 1 to 2 keV, without experiencing image artifacts from negative surface charging normally found in uncoated insulators at higher operating voltages.

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Pylarinos, D., i I. Pellas. "Investigation of an Insulator Flashunder in an 150 kV OTL of the Power System of Crete". Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 9, nr 5 (9.10.2019): 4851–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3198.

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Overhead Transmission Lines (OTLs) are used in Power Systems to carry High Voltage between substations, usually over long distances. Faults in OTLs are bound to happen and thus locating and coping with them is an important aspect of OTL’s operation and maintenance. These faults may be of temporary or permanent nature, with certain types of faults progressing over time from the first category to the second. Local weather may also have a direct effect on the occurrence of faults resulting to puzzling events. A special category, often complex in nature, is insulator faults. Insulators are used in OTLs to support phase conductors while not allowing current to flow through the tower’s body to the ground. Traditional ceramic insulators used materials such as porcelain and glass as insulation, but in the last decades composite insulators with two insulating parts (a glass core/rod and a rubber housing), have also known great use mainly due to their low weight and their capability to withstand pollution. However, they are subjected to certain faults unique to them, such as flashunders. Flashunder is a term commonly used lately to describe faults that are related to the rod/housing interface of composite insulators. Such faults are rather difficult to locate as the electrical discharge does not create an easily visible trace (as in the case of flashovers) or a permanent mechanical fault (as in the case of brittle fractures). Such a fault occurred for the first time in the Transmission System of Crete in 2019 and this paper follows and discusses the incident and the experience gained.

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Abou-Kandil, Ahmed I., Loai Nasrat i EmanL Fareed. "High temperature vulcanized ethylene propylene diene rubber nanocomposites as high voltage insulators: Dielectric breakdown measurements and evaluation". Polymers and Polymer Composites 30 (styczeń 2022): 096739112211325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09673911221132593.

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The use of porcelain and thermoplastic based materials as High voltage insulators has always been dominant in the industry. Several elastomers were also investigated, mainly Ethylene Propylene Rubber and Silicone rubbers were used as replacement of the traditional Porcelain high Voltage insulators. In this study we experiment with new elastomer, Ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM), that is capable of withstanding high voltage as well as being resistant to severe weathering conditions. In addition to having excellent mechanical properties that we discussed elsewhere. Detailed dielectric breakdown measurements were carried out for room temperature vulcanized and high temperature vulcanized samples. The effects of exposure to UV radiation on the dielectric breakdown strength was also studied. Different fillers were used to improve the dielectric breakdown strength of different polymer matrices. Both carbon black based fillers and inorganic fillers were experimented in order to reach optimum mix properties that provide the best dielectric breakdown strength. Resistance to thermal aging and UV radiation was also carried out on EPDM samples.

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Hernandez-Garcia, C., M. Poelker i J. Hansknecht. "High voltage studies of inverted-geometry ceramic insulators for a 350 kV DC polarized electron gun". IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 23, nr 1 (luty 2016): 418–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tdei.2015.005126.

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Murdiya, Fri, i Ericko Hardiwika. "The Characteristics of Five Ceramics and Two Granites as Solid Dielectrics for An Ozone Generator". International Journal of Electrical, Energy and Power System Engineering 3, nr 2 (7.06.2020): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/ijeepse.3.2.53-56.

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The utilization of ozone is commonly applied in various fields, for instance, it is used as a disinfectant for water treatment, disinfecting, sterilizing medical devices and preserving foodstuffs. Ozone is a nearly colorless gas with a characteristic odor that can be detected by humans up to 0.01 ppm. It can be produced by the dielectric barrier discharge method,which is generally used as a method of generating ozone supplied by high voltage or also called high voltage plasma generators. High voltage plasma occurs in the dielectric barrier discharge air gap, as a result of the air failed in maintaining its insulator properties. The power supply used in this study is a parallel resonant pushpull inverter using a flyback transformer. Furthermore, this study did not use an additional magnetic loudspeaker and used ceramic dielectrics instead. 5 types of ceramics and 2 different types of granite and combined the range of air gap were used during examination and research. The research indicates that the best plasma was found in ceramics 3, 5, granite 1 and 2 with an air gap of 2mm. The current discharge in ceramic 1 with an air gap of 2 mm was higher than the others. The highest voltage discharge was on granite 2 with an air gap of 2 mm. Ceramics 3, 5, granite 1 and 2 with an air gap of 2mm had better ozone concentrations than ceramics 1, 2 and 4.

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Петров, В. И., П. П. Кизириди i Г. Е. Озур. "Токовые характеристики сильноточной электронной пушки с многоканальным инициированием взрывной эмиссии пробоем по поверхности диэлектрика". Журнал технической физики 91, nr 11 (2021): 1764. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/jtf.2021.11.51541.80-21.

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Current characteristics of a plasma-filled, high-current electron gun with a new cathode assembly which can be named as a controlled explosive-emission cathode have been investigated. Multi-gap initiation of explosive emission is performed with the use of parallel operated, resistively decoupled arc plasma sources which electrodes and tube ceramic isolators are built-in to the explosive-emission cathode. The initiation of explosive emission was performed using 69 operating in parallel arc plasma sources whose electrodes and tubular ceramic insulators are inserted to the disk explosive-emission cathode. Experiments have demonstrated operability of high-current electron gun with a new cathode assembly at accelerating voltage up to 30 kV and its good emissivity (average in area current density) which was approximately 1.4–2.4 times higher than an emissivity of traditional electron gun with plasma anode and multi-wire copper cathode.

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Zhang, Bo, Jinliang He, Rong Zeng i Xidong Liang. "Voltage distribution along a long ceramic insulator string in a high‐voltage tower window". COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 29, nr 3 (11.05.2010): 811–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03321641011028323.

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Choi, Young Min, Jong Ung Kim, Beyong Hwan Ryu, Hyun Ju Chang, Chung Heop Kwak i In Ho Kim. "Ceramic Electrode Materials for Electrostatic Chuck Applications". Solid State Phenomena 124-126 (czerwiec 2007): 791–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.124-126.791.

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In general, Electrostatic chuck (ESC) was used to fix and clamp the silicon wafer with electrostatic force in the semiconductor fabrication process. Recently, due to their excellent chemical and plasma stability and high thermal conductivity, sintered ceramics has been used as an insulator material in the configuration of ESC. However, metals of high melting point, such as Mo, W, still used for electrode materials. Because of the thermal mismatch between metal electrode and ceramic insulator, micro cracks were produced at the interface during sintering process of ceramic or its operation process with high temperature, which leads to reduce the life time of ESC. To improve the compatibility between metal and ceramic, mesh type metal electrode was used in ESC but this type of electrode results in inhomogeneous electrostatic force. Homogeneous clamping force is very important to determine the final quality of semiconductor. We have investigated a ceramic electrostatic chuck composed of conducting ceramic electrode of titanium nitride instead of metal electrode. Aluminum nitride was added to titanium nitride to control the thermal expansion coefficient. This composite electrode shows not only a good electrical conductivity but also an excellent compatibility to dielectric layer. Compatibility between the electrode and dielectric layer enable to design the electrode with continuous sheet type which leads to homogeneous electrostatic force. Electrostatic force of ceramic ESC with conducting ceramic electrode was about 1700gf/4inch wafer when the applied voltage was DC 3kV.

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Palhade, R. D., V. B. Tungikar, G. M. Dhole i S. M. Kherde. "Simulation of Structural, Thermal and Electrical Load for High Voltage Ceramic Cap and Pin Disc Insulator Assembly". International Journal of Manufacturing, Materials, and Mechanical Engineering 3, nr 1 (styczeń 2013): 66–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmmme.2013010105.

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This paper studies mechanical- stress-strain, thermal- temperature distribution, electrical potential and electric field distribution for 11 kV, single ceramic cap and pin disc insulator assembly used for high voltage transmission and distribution systems. The coupled field finite element computer simulation is carried out by using a commercially available software package, which allows quantifying the effects of insulator assembly on where structural, thermal and electrical load distribution considered simultaneously. The simulation result shows stress concentration due to application of structural, thermal, and electrical load. The stress was maximum on pin and moderate on sealing material and disc. Similarly in electrical analysis, nodal electrical potential and electrical field distribution observed decreasing from bottom pin of insulator assembly to top cup end of insulator model. Remarkable stresses, temperature, electrical potential and electrical field rise was not observed at porcelain but mainly observed in critical areas like triple junction (pin-porcelain, porcelain-cup junction of insulator assembly), despite high tension, high temperature of conductor and high voltage-current. With continuous use of an insulator and varying environmental condition, this high tension, temperature and high voltage may cause small crack in sealing material and the insulator disc material. This may reduce performance or cause failure of an insulator without any prior notice.

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Neusel, C., H. Jelitto i G. A. Schneider. "Electrical conduction mechanism in bulk ceramic insulators at high voltages until dielectric breakdown". Journal of Applied Physics 117, nr 15 (21.04.2015): 154902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4917208.

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Aramugam, Kalaiselvi, Hazlee Azil Illias, Yern Chee Ching, Mohd Syukri Ali i Mohamad Zul Hilmey Makmud. "Optimal Design of Corona Ring for 132 kV Insulator at High Voltage Transmission Lines Based on Optimisation Techniques". Energies 16, nr 2 (9.01.2023): 778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16020778.

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The installation of a corona ring on an insulator string on a transmission line is one of the solutions to reduce the electric field stress surrounding the energised end of the insulator string. However, installing a corona ring with an optimum design to reduce the electric field magnitude on an insulator string is a challenging task. Therefore, in this work, a method to achieve the optimum design of a corona ring for 132 kV composite non-ceramic insulator string was proposed using two optimisation methods: the Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA) and Grey Wolf Optimisation (GWO). A composite non-ceramic insulator string geometry with and without a corona ring was modelled in finite element analysis and used to obtain the electric field distribution in the model geometry. The electric field distribution was evaluated using a variation in the corona ring’s dimensions, i.e., the ring diameter, the ring tube diameter and the vertical position of the ring along the insulator string. From the results achieved, a comparison of the minimum electric field magnitude along the insulator string with a corona ring design shows that the minimum electric field magnitude is found to be lower using optimisation techniques compared to without using optimisation techniques by between 3.724% and 3.827%. Hence, this indicates the capability and effectiveness of the proposed methods in achieving the optimum design of a corona ring on an insulator string.

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Lumba, Lunnetta Safura, i Suwarno Suwarno. "Analysis of Surface Degradation of Silicon Rubber Insulators after 30 Years in-Service". International Journal on Electrical Engineering and Informatics 12, nr 4 (31.12.2020): 828–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15676/ijeei.2020.12.4.8.

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In recent years, polymeric insulators have been increasingly used for high voltage overhead transmission lines. The industry has replaced the insulators from ceramic to polymeric due to its lightweight and hydrophobic materials, not to mention the performance against pollutant contamination. In this study, an analysis of two 70 kV silicone rubber insulators is performed. The insulators had been in service for 30 years on transmission networks in volcanic area, exposed to intense UV solar radiation in midday, but also high precipitation occur throughout the year. The urge to understand better of polymeric aging behavior is important to improve the quality of the polymeric type insulators. In this study, these aged samples were then compared with virgin samples to identify the endurance and quality of polymer material. The surface deterioration and the change of chemical content were evaluated using advanced techniques, including Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX), Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). Meanwhile, the hydrophobic and visual inspection were also conducted. The hydrophobicity was evaluated by measuring the contact angle and assessed using IEC62073. The aged samples are categorized as hydrophobic class 1 due to the angle value of more than 60o. Physicochemical results showed that the aged sample compared with the virgin simple did not differ significantly given that the aged samples have been in-service for 30 years. Based on TG/DTA result, the percentage difference of weight loss between virgin and aged sample only lower than 4%. Then, from EDX result, the atomic percentage differences of C and O component compared with virgin sample are 4%-10%. Furthermore, the FTIR spectra indicates a normal aging condition of the silicone rubber, the difference in peak value of Si-(CH3)2 and OH compared with virgin sample is 10%.

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XU, JING, BO HE i HAN XING LIU. "THE STUDY OF HIGH DIELECTRIC CONSTANT MECHANISM OF La-DOPED Ba0.67Sr0.33TiO3 CERAMICS". Surface Review and Letters 25, nr 02 (luty 2018): 1850056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x18500567.

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It is a common and effective method to enhance the dielectric properties of BST ceramics by adding rare-earth elements. In this paper, it is important to analyze the cause of the high dielectric constant behavior of La-doped BST ceramics. The results show that proper rare earth La dopant ([Formula: see text]) may greatly increase the dielectric constant of BST ceramics, and also improve the temperature stability, evidently. According to the current–voltage ([Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text]) characteristics, the proper La-doped BST ceramics may reach the better semiconductivity, with the decrease and increase in La doping, the ceramics are insulators. By using the Schottky barrier model and electric microstructure model to find the surface or grain boundary potential barrier height, the width of the depletion layer and grain size do play an important role in impacting the dielectric constant.

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CHOUDHARY, RAHUL RAJ, POOJA BHARDWAJ i RAVINDRA DAYAMA. "ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF UNCERTAINTY IN HV MEASUREMENT OF PORCELAIN INSULATORS – A CASE STUDY". International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 22 (styczeń 2013): 248–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194513010192.

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The improved safety margins in complex systems have attained prime importance in the modern scientific environment. The analysis and implementation of complex systems demands the well quantified accuracy and capability of measurements. Careful measurement with properly identified and quantified uncertainties could lead to the actual discovery which further may contribute for social developments. Unfortunately most scientists and students are passively taught to ignore the possibility of definition problems in the field of measurement and are often source of great arguments. Identifying this issue, ISO has initiated the standardisation of methodologies but its Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) has yet to be adapted seriously in tertiary education institutions for understanding the concept of uncertainty. The paper has been focused for understanding the concepts of measurement and uncertainty. Further a case study for calculation and quantification of UOM for high voltage electrical testing of ceramic insulators has been explained.

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Desai, Darshak A., i Aurangzeb Javed Ahmed Shaikh. "Reducing failure rate at high voltage (HV) testing of insulator using Six Sigma methodology". International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 67, nr 5 (11.06.2018): 791–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijppm-11-2016-0235.

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PurposeThis paper, a case study, aims to illustrate the application of Six Sigma in a small-scale ceramic manufacturing industry. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the empirical application of DMAIC methodology to reduce failure rate at high voltage (HV) testing of one of the most critical products, insulator.Design/methodology/approachThe case study is based on primary data collected from a real-life situation prevailing in the industry. The case study methodology adopted here is at one small-scale unit wherein the authors have applied DMAIC methodology and observed and recorded the improvement results, especially, reduction in failure rate at HV testing of insulator and, thus, increase in Sigma level.FindingsThe results found after implementation of the solutions are very significant. The rejection percentage has been reduced from 0.5 to 0.1 percent and consequently the Sigma level has been improved from 4.4 to 5.0.Research limitations/implicationsThis success story can be a guiding roadmap for other such industries to successfully implement Six Sigma to improve quality, productivity and profitability.Practical implicationsThis case study will serve as one of the resource bases for the industries which have till not implemented Six Sigma and benefited from the same.Social implicationsImproved quality and productivity leads to better economy. This case will help industries to serve the society with better economy with improved quality and productivity.Originality/valueThough ceramic industries in India are having enormous potential for growth, majority of them, especially, small and medium industries are either not aware of or not implementing Six Sigma to reap its multidimensional benefits of improving quality, productivity and profitability. This study highlights the benefits reaped by small-scale ceramic manufacturing industry opening up the avenues for its application at other such organizations.

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Laraba, M. "Characterization of Algerian kaolins for utilization as a raw material in electrical insulators". Cerâmica 65, nr 374 (czerwiec 2019): 267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0366-69132019653742556.

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Abstract The aim of this investigation was to characterize three samples of kaolin (DD1, DD2 and DD3) collected from Djebel Debbagh deposit (East of Algeria) to be used in electrical porcelain insulators. Grain-size analysis, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and thermal analysis (TG-DTA) were performed. Each sample was mixed with feldspar and silica to obtain three porcelain formulations. The obtained results indicated that the three kaolins were composed by kaolinite and halloysite with variable contents of MnO and Fe2O3 as associated impurities. It was found that the DD1 was the appropriate kaolin as raw material for making the high-voltage electrical insulator which had the highest electrical and mechanical properties (dielectric strength, bending strength and bulk density), while DD2 and DD3 were less suitable due to their lower properties caused by the presence of impurities which must be removed.

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Yan, Hu, Masashi Ikeda, Tsubasa Kagata i Hidenori Okuzaki. "Low-Voltage P3HT Field-Effect Transistors Fabricated Using High-k Gate Insulators". Composite Interfaces 18, nr 3 (styczeń 2011): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/092764411x570842.

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Chen, Xiong, Hao Zhang, Yu Zhang, Xiangfeng Guan, Zitong Zhang i Dagui Chen. "Low-Power Flexible Organic Field-Effect Transistors with Solution-Processable Polymer-Ceramic Nanoparticle Composite Dielectrics". Nanomaterials 10, nr 3 (12.03.2020): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10030518.

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Polymer-ceramic dielectric composites have been of great interest because they combine the processability of polymers with the desired dielectric properties of the ceramics. We fabricated a low voltage-operated flexible organic field-effect transistor (OFET) based on crosslinked poly (4-vinyl phenol) (PVP) polymer blended with novel ceramic calcium titanate nanoparticles (CaTiO3 NPs) as gate dielectric. To reduce interface roughness caused by nanoparticles, it was further coated with a very thin PVP film. The resulting OFET exhibited much lower operated voltage (reducing from –10.5 V to –2.9 V), a relatively steeper threshold slope (~0.8 V/dec) than those containing a pure PVP dielectric. This is ascribed to the high capacitance of the CaTiO3 NP-filled PVP insulator, and its smoother and hydrophobic dielectric surface proved by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and a water contact angle test. We also evaluated the transistor properties in a compressed state. The corresponding device had no significant degradation in performance when bending at various diameters. In particular, it operated well continuously for 120 hours during a constant bending stress. We believe that this technology will be instrumental in the development of future flexible and printed electronic applications.

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Naga, S. M., N. El-Mehalawy, M. Awaad i T. Eliyan. "Dielectric properties of nano-(MgO–Gd2O3) Co-doped alumina for high voltage insulators". Ceramics International 46, nr 18 (grudzień 2020): 28390–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.07.343.

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Gusak, N. Ya, A. I. Postoronko i V. F. Gaivoronskii. "Optimization of process parameters for producing hardened-glass insulating parts for high-voltage insulators". Glass and Ceramics 63, nr 3-4 (marzec 2006): 113–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10717-006-0053-5.

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Palhade, R. D., V. B. Tungikar, G. M. Dhole i Sanjay M. Kherde. "Thermal and electrical simulation of high voltage ceramic cap and pin disc type insulator assembly". International Journal of Computer Aided Engineering and Technology 6, nr 4 (2014): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcaet.2014.065414.

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Skidan, B. S., N. A. Mosienko, Z. F. Zemlyakova i V. B. Ermakova. "Use of kaolin from the zhuravlinyi log deposit in the production of high-voltage insulators". Glass and Ceramics 56, nr 5-6 (maj 1999): 184–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02681332.

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Kumosa, L. "The effect of sandblasting on the initiation of stress corrosion cracking in unidirectional E-glass/polymer composites used in high voltage composite (non-ceramic) insulators". Composites Science and Technology 62, nr 15 (listopad 2002): 1999–2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0266-3538(02)00143-4.

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Mushi, Aviti, Jackson Justo i Alexander Kyaruzi. "Studying Dielectric Losses of Serially Combined Silicone Rubber and Epoxy Resin". Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology 42, nr 1 (28.02.2023): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.52339/tjet.v42i1.891.

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High voltage outdoor insulation systems are conventionally ceramics and glass with several advantages, such as proven in the field, excellent dielectric properties, durability, and long life. However, they are heavy, attract vandals and break easily, and they can lose their dielectric properties easily when subjected to high voltage transients, arcing, and surges. To curb this, polymer insulators are used because they have excellent dielectric properties, such as those of ceramics and glass, with the added advantages that they do not break easily and recover their lost dielectric properties after any electrical transients. Therefore, this paper investigates the dielectric properties of polymeric materials – silicone rubber (SR) and epoxy resin (ER). Some SR samples were manufactured in the laboratory, and others were obtained from the industrial manufacturer. All the ER samples were manufactured in the laboratory. The dielectric measurements were performed with the Insulation Diagnostics System. Within the measured frequency ranges, the dielectric losses of SR manufactured industrially differ from the laboratory-manufactured specimens. This is due to filler materials in the industrially manufactured samples. For the case of serially connecting the SR and ER, there was a higher influence of dielectric loss of SR than the ER, with some remarkable dielectric losses at some frequencies.

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Litvinov, Artur, Nikolay Samotaev, Maya Etrekova, Anastasia Ivanova, Dmitriy Filipchuk i Yuri Klishin. "Using Field-Effect Gas Sensors for Monitoring H2 in Transformer Oil". MATEC Web of Conferences 327 (2020): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032701005.

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Hydrogen can be released during the thermal decomposition of organic materials, therefore, monitoring its level in the working industrial high-voltage transformer oil allows you to identify the development of degenerative processes in advance, because these processes can lead to an accident in the future. In experiments has shown that highly sensitive and small-sized field effect gas sensor based on the metal-insulator-semiconductor structure can be used for measuring of Hydrogen in oil with direct contact of its structure with transformer oil. Given the harsh environmental conditions of hydrogen measurement the field effect capacity type gas sensor were fabricated by using laser micromilling technique for fabrication compact ceramic surface mounting device package and microheater for sustentation working temperature of metal-insulator-semiconductor structure.

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Silva, M. A., i J. N. F. Holanda. "Electrical Porcelain Containing Ornamental Rock Waste: Microstructural Development". Materials Science Forum 660-661 (październik 2010): 692–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.660-661.692.

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Aluminous electrical porcelains are used in the production of materials of high voltage insulators. The microstructure plays an important role in the performance of electrical porcelain. On the other hand, the porcelain materials undergo a series of physical and chemical transformations during firing. This makes the understanding of their microstructures rather complex. In this work was studied the microstructural development of electrical porcelain containing up to 35 wt.% of ornamental rock waste. The pieces ceramics were pressed at 50 MPa and sintered at 1300 °C. The porcelain pieces were characterized via X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicate that the presence of the ornamental rock waste influenced the microstructural development of the pieces of electrical aluminous porcelain.

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Sima, W., T. Yuan, Q. Yang, K. Xu i C. Sun. "Effect of non-uniform pollution on the withstand characteristics of extra high voltage (EHV) suspension ceramic insulator string". IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 4, nr 3 (2010): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2009.0387.

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Portella, Kleber Franke, Priscilla Mengarda, Mariana d'Orey Gaivão Portella Bragança, Sebastião Ribeiro Júnior, Jose Sergio Santos de Melo, Dailton Pedreira Cerqueira, Sidnei Antonio Pianaro i Maurício Marlon Mazur. "Nanostructured Titanium Film Deposited by Pulsed Plasma Magnetron Sputtering (Pdms) on a High Voltage Ceramic Insulator for Outdoor Use". Materials Research 18, nr 4 (sierpień 2015): 853–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1516-1439.016015.

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Murray, Jack, Wayne Huebner, Matthew J. O’Keefe, Kristina Wilder, Ryan Eatinger, William Kuhn, Daniel S. Krueger i J. Ambrose Wolf. "Sputter deposition of thin film MIM capacitors on LTCC substrates for RF bypass and filtering applications". International Symposium on Microelectronics 2011, nr 1 (1.01.2011): 000747–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2011-wp3-paper3.

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Thin film capacitors for RF bypass and filtering applications were sputter deposited onto low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) substrates. The capacitors were configured in a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) design featuring 200 nm thick Al electrodes and a 300 nm thick Al2O3 dielectric layer, with dimensions varied between ∼150×150 μm and ∼750×750 μm. DC current-voltage measurements (E ≤ 5 MV/cm) coupled with impedance analysis (≤15 MHz) was used to characterize the resulting devices. More than 90% of the devices functioned as capacitors with high DC resistance (>20 MΩ) and low loss (tan δ <0.1). A second set of capacitors were made under the same experimental conditions with device geometries optimized for high frequency (≥200 MHz) applications. These capacitors featured temperature coefficient of capacitance (TCC) values between 500 and 1000 ppm/°C as well as low loss and high self-resonant frequency performance (ESR <0.6 Ohms at self-resonance of 5.7 GHz for 82 pF). Capacitance and loss values were comparable between the capacitor structures of similar areas at the different frequency regimes.

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Gao, Chunjia, Bo Qi, Chengrong Li, Meng Huang i Yuzhen Lv. "The surface charge of Al2O3 ceramic insulator under nanosecond pulse voltage in high vacuum: characteristics and its impact on surface electric field". Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 53, nr 5 (25.11.2019): 055501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ab56c6.

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Gaborieau, Sophie, Catherine Bunel i Franck Murray. "3D Passive Integrated Capacitors Towards Even Higher Integration". Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2010, DPC (1.01.2010): 001907–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2010dpc-wp32.

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IPDIA is involved in Silicon based 3D-IPD advanced technology. This very flexible technology is using standard processing techniques to integrate passive components such as inductors, resistors or capacitors into a silicon substrate. 3D high-density capacitor is at the forefront of IPDIA development program. First process generation with 25nF/mm2 and second generation reaching 80nF/mm2 have been in production for several years. The third generation with multiple metal-insulator-metal (MIM) layer stacks in the pores is reaching 250nF/mm2 and is being qualified now. Intrinsic low parasitic elements of these capacitors (low ESR and ESL) make it very attractive for DC decoupling and very competitive with the ceramic technology. Assembly can be performed using standard reflow soldering and its low profile also allows PICS capacitor integration in embedded module board technology. Sensors, healthcare and medical applications can benefit from this new development. To enable even higher integration, development activities are now focused on the third and fourth generation of high-density capacitors targeting ambitious 1μF/mm2. In this presentation, main characteristics of the PICS high-density capacitors will be described emphasizing on its capability, main applications and advantages versus discrete components. Then, in a second part, challenges raised by the increase of the capacitor density while keeping an acceptable breakdown voltage will be discussed. This includes the integration of high-k materials with adequate electrode and the research for maximizing the 3D silicon surface.

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