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Książki na temat „High risk families”

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Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 31 stycznia 2023

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1

Kaplan, Lisa. Strengthening high-risk families: A handbook for practitioners. New York: Lexington Books, 1994.

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2

Whittaker, James K. Reaching high-risk families: Intensive family preservation in human services. New York: Aldine de Gruyter, 1990.

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3

R, Borker Susan, red. Regionalization: Issues in intensive care for high risk newborns and their families. New York: Praeger, 1987.

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4

Cooperative agreement for establishing a mentoring/advocacy program for high risk youth and their families. [Rockville, Md.?]: Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, 1998.

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Nếp sống gia đình ở khu đô thị mới: Nghiên cứu trường hợp khu chung cư Trung Hòa-Nhân Chính. Hà Nội: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học xã hội, 2012.

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6

Aflalo & Gasperini: Edifícios corporativos : família Atrium. Granja Viana, Cotia, SP: Ateliê Editorial, 2004.

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7

Tracy, Elizabeth. Reaching High-Risk Families. Redaktorzy James K. Whittaker, Jill Kinney, Elizabeth M. Tracy i Charlotte Booth. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315128047.

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8

Child Maltreatment and High Risk Families. Dunedin Academic Press, 2014.

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9

Lazenbatt, Anne, i Julie Taylor. Child Maltreatment and High Risk Families. Dunedin Academic Press, 2014.

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10

Dempsey, Allison G., Joanna C. M. Cole i Sage N. Saxton. Behavioral Health Services with High-Risk Infants and Families. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780197545027.001.0001.

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Abstract There is a growing need for integration of behavioral health providers within medical settings to address mental health concerns of expectant parents, high-risk infants and families, and the frontline medical staff who care for them. This book is designed to be a comprehensive, practical resource for providers working in perinatal and neonatal intensive care settings inclusive of fetal care centers, neonatal intensive care settings, and neonatal follow-up clinics. Contributors are leading experts in various aspects of care for expectant parents, infants, and their families, with backgrounds in medicine, psychology, social work, nursing, and parenting high-risk infants. The book is divided into five sections. Each section provides setting-specific information critical to behavioral health care practice, including an overview of common medical conditions and treatments, roles and activities of integrated health providers, and specific behavioral health issues pertaining to the setting. Case examples are presented throughout to highlight important concepts and application of clinical practice. Section I provides a broad overview of roles and practice issues, including the history of psychological services for high-risk infants, operational considerations, and systems-level approaches to improving care. Section II explores symptom presentation, risk assessment and treatment approaches for perinatal and infant mental health concerns, as well as strategies to support families (e.g., breastfeeding, decision-making, and peer support programs). Sections III–V address key components for clinicians within fetal care settings, neonatal intensive care settings, and neonatal follow-up settings, including an overview of common medical conditions and treatments, activities of integrated health providers, and multidisciplinary collaboration strategies to care for the unique needs of high-risk infants and families.
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11

Whittaker, J. K. Reaching High-risk Families: Intensive Family Preservation in Human Services. De Gruyter, Inc., 1990.

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12

Whittaker, J. K. Reaching High-Risk Families: Intensive Family Preservation in Human Services. De Gruyter, Inc., 1990.

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13

Hall, Johnson Suzanne, red. Nursing assessment and strategies for the family at risk: High-risk parenting. Wyd. 2. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1986.

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14

Preventing Breakdown: A Manual for Childcare Professionals Working With High Risk Families. Russell House, 2005.

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15

L, Peterson Jane, i Father Flanagan's Boys' Home, red. Building skills in high-risk families: Strategies for the home-based practitioner. Boys Town, Neb: Boys Town Press, 1995.

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16

Peterson, Jane L., Paula E. Kohrt, Linda Shadoin i Karen J. Authier. Building Skills in High-Risk Families: Strategies for the Home-Based Practitioner. Boys Town Press, 1997.

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17

Dembo, Richard, Letitia C. Pallone i Robert James Schmeidler. Family Empowerment Intervention: An Innovative Service for High-Risk Youths and Their Families. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.

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18

Dembo, Richard, Letitia C. Pallone i Robert James Schmeidler. Family Empowerment Intervention: An Innovative Service for High-Risk Youths and Their Families. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.

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19

(Editor), Charlotte Booth, i Elizabeth Tracy (Editor), red. Reaching High-Risk Families: Intensive Family Preservation in Human Services (Modern Applications of Social Work). Aldine Transaction, 1990.

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20

(Editor), Charlotte Booth, i Elizabeth Tracy (Editor), red. Reaching High-Risk Families: Intensive Family Preservation in Human Services (Modern Applications of Social Work). Aldine Transaction, 1990.

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21

Cole, Joanna C. M., Sage N. Saxton i Allison G. Dempsey. Behavioral Health Services with High-Risk Infants and Families: Meeting the Needs of Patients, Families, and Providers in Fetal, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and Neonatal Follow-Up Settings. Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 2022.

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22

Family Empowerment Intervention: An Innovative Service for High-Risk Youths and Their Families (Haworth Criminal Justice, Forensic Behavioral Sciences ... Sciences & Offender Rehabilitation). Haworth Press, 2002.

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23

Schmeidler, James, i Richard Dembo. Family Empowerment Intervention: An Innovative Service for High-Risk Youths and Their Families (Haworth Criminal Justice, Forensic Behavioral Sciences ... Sciences & Offender Rehabilitation). Haworth Press, 2002.

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24

Tsai, Jennifer, Davida Becker, Steve Sussman, Ricky Bluthenthal, Jennifer Unger i Seth J. Schwartz. Acculturation and Risky Sexual Behavior Among Adolescents and Emerging Adults from Immigrant Families. Redaktorzy Seth J. Schwartz i Jennifer Unger. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190215217.013.21.

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Adolescents and emerging adults who engage in risky sexual behaviors (RSBs), such as inconsistent condom use, having multiple partners, having sex at a young age, and having sex while intoxicated or high, are at elevated risk of acquiring sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and unplanned pregnancy. The chapter discusses the relationship of acculturation (along with associated intrapersonal and interpersonal mediators and moderators) with RSB outcomes. Acculturation can be a protective or risk-enhancing factor for RSBs among adolescents. Intrapersonal variables, such as academic achievement, sexual intention, and sexual health knowledge, and interpersonal variables, such as parent, peer, and partner relationships, can act as mediators between acculturation and RSBs. The strength of these relationships may be further moderated by religiosity and gender. Implications for future research and interventions are proposed.
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25

Kearney, Christopher A. Helping Families of Youth with School Attendance Problems. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190912574.001.0001.

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This book is a highly practical guide to efficiently address cases of youth with school attendance problems at different levels of severity and complexity. School attendance problems are a pervasive and difficult dilemma faced by many types of mental health professionals (e.g., psychologists, psychiatrists, marriage and family therapists), school officials (e.g., administrators, guidance counselors, school-based social workers, school psychologists), and others (e.g., pediatricians, probation officers). School attendance problems, even in mild forms, are a significant risk factor for social, behavioral, and academic problems in middle childhood and adolescence as well as psychiatric, economic, and occupational difficulties in adulthood. This book takes a “nuts and bolts” approach that provides very specific and detailed recommendations and guidelines for assessment and intervention across a short period of time (e.g., four weeks). The book focuses less on descriptions of overall programs for absenteeism and more on specific procedures for many different types of cases. Many mental health and school-based professionals cannot logistically implement large-scale programs or even detailed manualized treatment protocols for their clients and schools. Thus, this book is meant to be a very practical guide to address school absenteeism at a relatively fast pace, and within the constraints of most private practices and school settings, while relying on empirically supported techniques. The book also considers developmental levels, with some chapters more applicable to elementary school children and others more suited to middle and high school adolescents.
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26

Kissane, David W., i Courtney Hempton. Conducting a family meeting. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198736134.003.0018.

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The strategies employed in running family meetings include collaborative agenda setting, appraisal of family needs, exploration of the impact of the illness and the family’s resultant coping, the building of consensus about the goals of care, and planning for the future. Special communication skills that guide this process are the use of circular questioning techniques and integrative summaries. Beyond the education of all families, a subgroup remains at risk and requires ongoing family support. Families with young children, offspring living with disability or mental illness, those isolated or disenfranchised, and those with high conflict warrant psychosocial referral for ongoing family therapy. Role play work with simulated family members helps build co-facilitation skills, cultural sensitivity to respond to requests to collude with relatives, and confidence in dealing with difficult families.
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27

Is there a relationship between registered sick childrens nurses theoretical knowledge and practical skill levels in paediatric basic life support and their willingness and confidence in teaching these skills to the families of high risk children in theircare?. UEL, 1994.

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28

A, Stoll Basil, red. Women at high risk to breast cancer. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1989.

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29

Pirson, Yves, i Dominique Chauveau. Management of intracranial aneurysms. Redaktor Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0310.

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An asymptomatic intracranial aneurysm (ICA) is found by screening in about 8% of patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), with a trend to cluster in some families. Though most ICAs will remain asymptomatic, a minority of them may rupture, causing subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). Given the grave prognosis of ICA rupture, screening and prophylactic repair of unruptured ICAs have to be considered, with the aim to identify patients with a risk of ICA rupture that exceeds the risk of a prophylactic procedure, surgical or endovascular. Relying on a decision analysis model established in the general population, widespread screening in ADPKD patients is today not recommended. However, the chapter authors advise screening in ADPKD patients with a familial history of ICA or SAH. Additional acceptable indications are high-risk occupations and patient anxiety despite adequate information. Screening is preferably performed by high-resolution, three-dimensional, time-of-flight magnetic resonance imaging. When an asymptomatic ICA is found, a recommendation for whether to intervene depends on its size, site, morphology, patient life expectancy, and general health as well as the experience of the neuroradiologist–neurosurgeon team. Since the risk of new ICAs or enlargement of an existing one is very low in those with small (< 6 mm) ICAs, conservative management is usually recommended. Elimination of tobacco use and aggressive treatment of hypertension are strongly recommended.
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30

Heitzeg, Mary M. Brain Functional Contributors to Vulnerability for Substance Abuse. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190676001.003.0006.

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Substance use disorder (SUD) is one of the most significant health concerns worldwide; therefore, understanding the mechanisms that precede the onset and contribute to the escalation of substance use from childhood to adulthood is vital. Evidence suggests that behavioral undercontrol and negative affectivity are two behavioral pathways through which risk for SUD emerges across development. This chapter discusses studies that probe the neural systems underlying these behavioral phenotypes in high-risk youth from the Michigan Longitudinal Study, a prospective study of families with high levels of parental SUDs. The focus is on work that integrates behavioral trait, developmental, neurobiological, and, in some cases, genetic frameworks to develop a better understanding of the risk factors leading to SUDs.
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31

Penney, Kathryn L., Kyriaki Michailidou, Deanna Alexis Carere, Chenan Zhang, Brandon Pierce, Sara Lindström i Peter Kraft. Genetic Epidemiology of Cancer. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190238667.003.0005.

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Chapter 5 reviews epidemiologic studies conducted to identify germline (inherited) susceptibility loci. These studies can involve associations observed within high-risk family pedigrees or in large studies of unrelated individuals. The chapter reviews the methods used to estimate the aggregate contribution of inherited genetic susceptibility and to identify specific genetic loci associated with risk. Although there is considerable variability across cancers, most cancers exhibit familial clustering, driven in part by a small number of known rare variants with large relative risks and a larger number of common variants with modest relative risks. The chapter discusses the implications of these findings for clinical care, public health, and tumor biology. It closes with a discussion of open questions, most notably the puzzle of “missing heritability”: the fact that—despite tremendous advances—multiple lines of evidence suggest that most specific risk variants, both rare and common, have yet to be discovered.
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32

Hussong, Andrea M., i Ruth K. Smith. Parent-Based Models of Adolescent Substance Use. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190847128.003.0014.

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Adolescence is the typical time of substance use onset and escalation around the world, though prevalence rates vary dramatically across countries. Given that substance use is a significant risk factor contributing to global disease burden, the consequences of substance abuse are staggering. Substantial evidence, primarily from high-income countries but increasingly corroborated by that from middle- and low-income countries, suggests that parents and families can play a key role in mitigating risk for substance use involvement and related negative consequences. This chapter reviews that evidence as well as features of family evidence-based interventions for adolescent substance use, highlighting two in particular, and discusses the role of such interventions in a multisectoral approach to prevention.
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33

Bahle, Thomas, i Peter Krause. Child Poverty during the Recession in Germany. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797968.003.0004.

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In Germany child poverty was hardly affected by the crisis, but continues to be a structural problem. The chapter describes the main trends in child poverty before and over the crisis. Furthermore it analyses why the crisis did not have a strong impact and which structural problems in the German welfare system and on the labour market have contributed to the persistence of child poverty. Structural problems are identified in particular in three areas: access to employment, low earnings and low social benefits which are not targeted at low-income families. Single-mother families and parents with low qualifications therefore continue to have a high poverty risk, even when the conditions have improved after the first years of the crisis.
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34

Toulmin, Camilla. Cattle, Women, and Wells. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198853046.001.0001.

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This book describes the choices open to farming families in the Sahelian village of Kala, in central Mali. Life in this drought-prone region is harsh and full of risk to health, crops, and livestock, yet there are also opportunities open to the hard-working, audacious and lucky, bringing considerable returns if the timing is right. Three inter-related themes underlie the analysis of production and investment decisions faced by households; the role of risk, the long timeframe within which decisions are made, and the close links between economic performance and household size and organisation. Climatic variability and demographic uncertainty lie at the heart of domestic structures; the extreme vulnerability faced by single individuals means people cluster in large kin-based groups, pooling risks and providing protection. The very limited development of labour markets means that households rely almost entirely on their own members for their workforce, and generating the capital needed for investing in ploughs, wells, carts and livestock must stem from a good year’s grain surplus and migration earnings. Based on field-research over the period 1980-82, this study illustrates a successful response to making ends meet in a land abundant region, despite high risks of drought. A follow-up study of this village was published in 2020: Land, Investment, and Migration. Thirty-five years of village life in Mali (OUP).
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35

Vinck, Julie, i Wim Van Lancker. Belgium: Creeping Vulnerability of Children. Redaktor Bea Cantillon. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797968.003.0003.

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Belgium has been plagued by comparatively high levels of child poverty, and by a creeping, yet significant, increase that started in the good years before the crisis. This is related to the relatively high share of jobless households, the extremely high and increasing poverty risk of children growing up in these households, and benefits that are inadequate to shield jobless families with children from poverty. Although the impact of the Great Recession was limited in Belgium, the crisis seems to have had an impact on child poverty, by increasing the number of children living in work-poor households. Although the Belgian welfare state had an important cushioning impact, its poverty-reducing capacity was less strong than it used to be. The most important lesson from the crisis is that in order to make further headway in reducing child poverty, not only activation but also social protection should be improved.
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36

Reiner, Željko, Olov Wiklund i John Betteridge. Lipids. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656653.003.0015.

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Dyslipidaemia, particularly elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Low concentrations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol are independently associated with high CVD risk, while moderately elevated triglycerides are considered to be a marker of increased CVD risk. The presence of dyslipidaemias secondary to other conditions must be excluded before beginning treatment. All patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia are at high risk and should be treated by lipid-lowering therapy. Lifestyle changes are the backbone of treatment for dyslipidaemia. Statins are recommended as the first-line drugs for hypercholesterolaemia while fibrates are used primarily to decrease elevated triglycerides. If the treatment targets cannot be reached by monotherapy with lipid-lowering drugs, combination treatment may be needed.
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37

Greenberg, Lyn R., Barbara J. Fidler i Michael A. Saini, red. Evidence-Informed Interventions for Court-Involved Families. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190693237.001.0001.

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Children at the center of high conflict divorce and/or child protection cases face increased risks to both current and future health and adjustment. There is a growing research base regarding these risks and the coping abilities skills that children need for successful adjustment, but training gaps and poorly structured services continue to be serious problems. The specific characteristics of these families, and risks faced by these children, underscore the importance of treatment, psychoeducation, and other services adapted to this population and directed to minimizing risks and promoting healthy functioning, autonomy, and resilience for these children. This book provides a critical, research-informed analysis of the core factors to include when developing child-centered approaches to therapy and other family interventions, both in the formal treatment setting and promoting healthy engagement with the other systems and activities critical to children’s daily lives. The book addresses common problems, obstacles, and the backdrop of support from other professionals or the court, which may be necessary for successful intervention. An international team of renowned authors provide chapters covering a variety of service models and drawing on a wide range of relevant research and literature, addressing the legal context, central issues for treatment and other services, and specialized issues such as trauma, family violence, parent–child contact problems, and children with special needs. The book assembles in one place the best of what is known about intervention for court-involved families, along with practical guidance for using relevant research, understanding its limitations, and matching service plans to families’ needs.
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38

Hough, Catherine L. Chronic critical illness. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0377.

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Chronic critical illness (CCI) is common and describes a state of prolonged critical illness, in which patients have persisting organ failures requiring treatment in an intensive care setting. There are many different definitions of CCI, with most including prolonged (> 96 hours) mechanical ventilation. Advanced age, higher severity of illness, and poor functional status prior to critical illness are all important risk factors, but prediction of CCI is imperfect. Although requirement for mechanical ventilation is the hallmark, CCI encompasses much more than the respiratory system, with effects on metabolism, skin, brain, and neuromuscular function. During CCI, patients have a high burden of symptoms and impaired capacity to communicate their needs. Mortality and quality of life are generally poor, but highly variable, with 1-year mortality over 50% and most survivors suffering permanent cognitive impairment and functional dependence. Patients at highest and lowest risk for mortality can be identified using a simple prediction rule. Caring for the chronically critically ill is a substantial burden both to patients’ families and to the health care system as a whole. Further research is needed in order to improve care and outcomes for CCI patients and their families.
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39

Uchida, Mai, i Joseph Biederman. Young Adult Outcome of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190213589.003.0006.

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The Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Longitudinal Studies of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) evaluated and followed a large sample of both boys and girls with ADHD and controls without ADHD, along with their families, ascertained from psychiatric and pediatric sources. These studies documented that ADHD in both sexes is associated with high levels of persistence onto adulthood; high levels of familiality with ADHD and other psychiatric disorders; a wide range of comorbid psychiatric and cognitive disorders including mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders; learning disabilities with reading and math; executive function deficits; emotional dysregulation and autistic traits; as well as educational, social, and occupational dysfunctions. The MGH studies also suggested that stimulant treatment significantly decreased the risk of developing comorbid psychiatric disorders, substance use disorders, and impaired functional outcomes. The studies also documented the neural basis of the persistence of ADHD using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
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40

Emond, Alan, i Alice Haynes. Enhancements to child health programmes in the UK. Redaktor Alan Emond. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198788850.003.0032.

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Five programmes which offer additional services to enhance the child health programmes for families at risk of poorer maternal and child health and development outcomes are being evaluated. Flying Start is a community-based programme targeted on families with children under 4 years of age living in deprived neighbourhoods in Wales. A Better Start is a place-based programme implemented by local partnerships in English wards with high levels of economic deprivation, providing services and support for all families living in the target wards from pregnancy until a child’s fourth birthday. The Family Nurse Partnership is a structured programme of home visits for first-time young mothers. The Maternal Early Childhood Sustained Home-visiting programme is a structured programme of sustained home visiting delivered by health visitors in pregnancy and the first 2 years. The Trial of Healthy Relationship Initiatives for the Very Early-years is comparing two parenting programmes for women with additional mental health or social support needs in pregnancy with outcomes up to 18 months. Early published results are reviewed and links given to the websites to signpost the reader to up-to-date information on the effectiveness of each programme.
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41

Cassidy, Jim, Donald Bissett, Roy A. J. Spence OBE, Miranda Payne, Gareth Morris-Stiff i Amen Sibtain. Colorectal cancer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199689842.003.0015_update_001.

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Breast cancer reviews the epidemiology and aetiology of this malignancy, with particular attention to the genetics underlying familial breast cancer, its pathology along with its receptors, oestrogen receptor (ER), the growth factor receptor HER2, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and the bearing these have on treatment and prognosis. The benefits of breast cancer screening in the population and families at higher risk are discussed. Presenting symptoms and signs are followed by investigation including examination, bilateral mammography, and core biopsy of suspicious lesions. Management of non-invasive in situ disease is considered. Invasive breast cancer is staged according to TNM guidelines. Early breast cancer is defined, managed frequently by breast conserving surgery and sentinel node biopsy from the axilla. A positive sentinel node biopsy requires clearance of the axilla. Larger lesions may require mastectomy. Breast radiotherapy is indicated after breast conserving surgery. Following surgery, the risk of systemic micrometastatic disease is estimated from the primary size, lymph node spread, and tumour grade. Adjuvant chemotherapy improves treatment outcome in all but very good prognosis premenopausal breast cancer, and intermediate or poor prognosis postmenopausal breast cancer. This is combined with trastuzumab in HER2 positive disease. Adjuvant endocrine therapy is recommended for all ER positive breast cancer, tamoxifen in premenopausal, aromatase inhibitors in postmenopausal women. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy may be used in large operable breast cancers to facilitate breast conserving surgery. Locally advanced breast cancer is defined, its high risk of metastatic disease requiring full staging before treatment. Systemic therapy is often best first treatment, according to receptor profile. Metastatic breast cancer although incurable can be controlled for years using endocrine therapy, chemotherapy, trastuzumab, palliative radiotherapy, and bisphosphonates as appropriate. Male breast cancer is uncommon, but management similar.
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42

Astor, Ron Avi, Linda Jacobson, Stephanie L. Wrabel, Rami Benbenishty i Diana Pineda. Welcoming Practices. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190845513.001.0001.

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Students change schools for a variety of reasons, and some students change more often than others -- a reality that can leave them feeling emotionally disconnected and often academically at risk. Welcoming Practices summarizes the research on school transition and makes a case for why schools need to do a better job of welcoming new children and families and following up with them over time. Arriving at a moment in history in which schools are increasing attention on students' social and emotional development, this book captures the innovative practices that some institutions are using to connect with new students and provides practical strategies that all schools can use to make both students and parents feel a part of the school and community. The book discusses how to use technology to improve families' experiences in their new schools, provides strategies appropriate at the school and district levels, and gives schools suggestions for practices that are best suited for younger students as well as for those at middle and high school levels.
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43

Lopes, Eurides, i Jennifer Husson. Solid Organ Transplantation in HIV-Infected Individuals. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190493097.003.0025.

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End-organ disease has become a major cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected patients due to increased life expectancy, increasing the demand for organ transplantation in these patients. The care of HIV-infected transplant recipients warrants a multidisciplinary team approach, including the transplant team, pharmacists, infectious disease specialists, nurses, and patients and their families. The immunosuppression of HIV-infected recipients post-transplant does not appear to further advance HIV disease. The post-transplant risk for HIV-infected recipients of opportunistic infections does not appear to be increased by immunosuppression. However, the overall rate of infections is high, and it is even higher in hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infected transplant recipients. HIV/HCV co-infected recipients have worse outcomes compared to both liver and kidney HIV-infected recipients.
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Hitorikko dōmei. 2014.

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Kumpfer, Karol L., i Cátia Magalhães. Prevention as Treatment. Redaktor Sara Maltzman. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199739134.013.22.

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This chapter reviews the application of treatment methods in prevention, with an emphasis on family-based substance abuse, delinquency, and child maltreatment. The goal of prevention is to increase resilience in high-risk children. Considerable overlap exists between evidence-based prevention and treatment interventions, including their etiological and intervention theories, cognitive behavioral change methods and outcome objectives. Also included is the Institute of Medicinespectrum of treatment disorders, a review of prevention and treatment intervention theories, and methods used to design effective family interventions, with an emphasis on family systems, social ecology and resilience theories including the author’s Transactional Framework of Resilience model and the Strengthening Families Program. Lastly, this chapter covers the applications of clinical techniques to improve resilience characteristics and processes and places evidence-based prevention programs methods within this framework and details their similarity to treatment. Digital technology (e.g., DVDs, Web, smart phones, television, etc.) is recommended to reduce intervention costs and “go-to-scale” to have a greater public health impact in promoting resilience in children.
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Shortland, Anja. Kidnap. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815471.001.0001.

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Every year thousands of people are kidnapped for ransom. Their families, friends, or employers are forced into a fiendishly complex and harrowing transaction with violent criminals to retrieve them. How do you agree a ‘fair’ price for a loved one—who may be tortured or killed as you deliberate? How do you securely deliver a sack of cash to the criminals’ lair? What compels kidnappers to uphold their end of the bargain after payment? Well-off individuals, profitable firms, and international NGOs operate surprisingly safely in areas of high and extreme kidnap risks. Many of them have bought kidnap insurance. Kidnaps among the insured are very rare—and almost all insured hostages are safely retrieved. This book examines the intricate governance system created by special risk insurers at Lloyd’s of London to guide and shape their customers’ interactions with the criminal underworld, rebel groups, and traditional elites. By encouraging local leaders to protect rather than hassle the insured, most abductions can be prevented. If a kidnap occurs, there are robust protocols to structure the negotiation and maintain ransom discipline. Experienced specialists facilitate payments and safely retrieve hostages. Kidnap insurance underpins trade, aid, and investment in many informally governed, crime-ridden, and rebel-held areas of the world. In terrorist kidnaps, however, international law prohibits commercial resolutions and well-meaning politicians have stepped into the breach. The outcomes have been massive ransom inflation, political concessions, torture, and gruesome murders. This book explains why private governance works and why public governance is bound to fail in the market for hostages.
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Wolff, Edward N. Household Wealth Trends in the US, 1983 to 2010. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803720.003.0006.

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This chapter investigates wealth trends from 1983 to 2010. Median wealth plummeted between 2007 and 2010 by 44%. The inequality of net worth, after almost two decades of little movement, was up sharply between 2007 and 2010. Relative indebtedness continued to expand for the middle class. The sharp fall in median net worth and the rise in its inequality from 2007 to 2010 are traceable to the high leverage of middle-class families and the high share of homes in their portfolio. The racial and ethnic disparity in wealth holdings, after remaining more or less stable from 1983 to 2007, widened considerably between 2007 and 2010. Hispanics, in particular, got hammered by the Great Recession in terms of net worth and net equity in their homes. Households under age 45 were also pummeled by the Great Recession, as their relative and absolute wealth declined sharply from 2007 to 2010.
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Lambert, Heather. Urinary tract infection in infancy and childhood. Redaktor Neil Sheerin. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0180_update_001.

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Urinary tract infection (UTI) in childhood is a common problem, which is frequently dismissed as trivial because most children with UTI have a good outcome. However, UTI is an important cause of acute illness in children and causes a considerable burden of ill health on children and families. In addition, UTI may be a marker of an underlying urinary tract abnormality. UTI in a few may cause significant long-term morbidity, renal scarring, hypertension, and renal impairment that may not present until adult life. Predicting which children will go on to have long-term sequelae remains a challenge.The risk of renal scarring is greatest in infants, the very group in whom diagnosis is often overlooked or delayed because clinical features are non-specific. Delay in treatment is associated with an increased risk of scarring in susceptible children. Thus accurate and rapid diagnosis of UTI is essential and requires a very high index of suspicion particularly in the youngest.The role of vesicoureteric reflux in acquired scarring is not fully understood though there is clearly an association, possibly because it is a risk factor for acute pyelonephritis. Scarring when it occurs is in the areas affected by acute pyelonephritis. Higher grades of reflux are associated with a worse outcome.Management and investigation of children with UTI consumes considerable healthcare resources. Limited understanding of the natural history and basic pathophysiology, variations in strategy with time and setting, and lack of evidence on long-term outcomes have resulted in considerable uncertainty. Some propose a minimal approach doing little investigation unless there is clear evidence for it; others favour an approach of continuation of current practice based on clinical experience until further evidence evolves. Some of the themes behind these controversies are explored.
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Roett, Riordan. Brazil. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190224523.001.0001.

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Brazil is one of the most important but puzzling countries in the world. A nation of 200 million people, it has vast natural resource reserves, rich cultural traditions, a middle class undergoing explosive growth, and social welfare policies that are models for much of the world (‘la bolsa familia,’ which provides a guaranteed income to poor families). And, after decades of authoritarian rule, it is a stable democracy. Yet it is beset by problems that no other advanced economy suffers from: staggeringly high crime rates, sky-high inequality levels, and endemic political corruption. Emblematic of these two sides of Brazil is the selection of Rio as site of both the next Summer Olympics and the next World Cup. While the choice of Rio for these events points to Brazil’s expanding presence on the world stage, so far the construction and planning for the events have been disastrous, threatening to deeply embarrass the nation. In Brazil: What Everyone Needs to Know, Riordan Roett, an eminent scholar of Brazil and Latin America, will provide a rich overview of Brazil, covering Brazilian society, politics, culture, and the economy. The book begins with a series of chapters on Brazilian history, beginning with the pre-colonial period and moving on, in succession, to the long era of Portuguese rule, the birth of independent Brazil, the emergence of modern Brazil in the 1930s, the era of the dictators, and - finally - to the democratic regime that came into being in the 1980s. Throughout the book, Roett will focus sharply on the fault lines -- racial, economic, political, and cultural - that have plagued Brazil from its beginnings to this day. As the 2016 World Cup and Summer Olympics approach, interest in Brazil is sure to rise. Roett’s synthesis will provide interested readers with an accessible, authoritative overview of this troubled yet fascinating giant.
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Zanden, Jan Luiten van, Sarah Carmichael i Tine De Moor. Capital Women. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190847883.001.0001.

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This book argues that the position of women in late medieval and early modern Europe was relatively strong. This, van Zanden, De Moor, and Carmichael argue, is evident from the fact that marriage was usually based on consensus, implying that women had a clear say in their marriage. The authors analyze the medieval roots of this European Marriage Pattern, demonstrating that it was much stronger in northwestern Europe than in the Mediterranean. That women had considerable agency was one of the factors behind the rise of Europe in the centuries before the Industrial Revolution. This had huge consequences for the average age of marriage (which was very high), fertility (which was restricted by the high age of marriage), human capital formation (resulting in high levels of numeracy and literacy), and labor-force participation by women. However, the authors also explore the negative effects of the European Marriage Pattern, such as the greater vulnerability of these relatively small families, and the large group of single women, subject to external shocks particularly in old age. Special institutions emerged, such as the beguinages, to cope with these pressures. Finally, by comparing these European households with household patterns in the rest of Eurasia, this book puts the European Marriage Pattern into global perspective.
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