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1

Abid, F. M. "High performance liquid chromatography : theory and applications". Thesis, Swansea University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.635837.

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A detailed study was undertaken of both the individual and combined effects of pH, temperature and flow rate on the retention volumes of underivatised amino acids. The relative merits of 3-dimensional S-window diagrams to locate the optimum conditions for the separation of amino acids on a stationary phase comprising 5μ ODS has been successfully performed. The enthalpies of retention of transfer from stationary phase to mobile phase for the amino acids have been measured from the chromatographic data. An isocratic study of the separation of phenylthiohyddation (PTH) amino acids using a 3μ MOS Hypersil reverse phase column was performed by the pre-column derivatisation method. Subsequently, a more detailed investigation was made of the various factors which control the separation, viz. pH, temperature and eluent composition. The conditions for optimum separation were located by constructing, with the aid of a computer, a 3-dimensional S-window diagram. The enthalpy of transfer from stationary phase to mobile phase and the entropy of the process were evaluated from the chromatographic data. A new pre-column derivatisation method for the separation of amino acids by gradient elution was established using an ODS column; this was applied to the analysis of amino acids extracted from mammalian tissue. The retention behaviour of PTH-amino acids was studied on a mixed stationary phase comprising silica bonded to alkylcynanide and octyl silica in the ratio of 60:40, w/w. This factor has an important bearing on the solute retention selectivity of the column. It was found that the selectivity of the acidic and basic PTH-amino acids could be precisely controlled by adjusting the packing percentage and mobile phase composition, suggesting that the mixed phase technique could be profitably exploited for analytical purposes. HPLC group type analyses of oil samples, normally requiring more sophisticated and time consuming methods of analysis, were performed using normal and reverse phase columns of different materials. The separated fraction has been identified by mass spectrometry, and the results obtained have been of some assistance in an investigation relating to poorly combustable oil. Finally, an extended and modified LC theory has been proposed, and a new modified approach which relates the inverse corrected retention volume (1/V_R) and volume fraction composition of polar solvent component (φB) has been established for a polar component variation of 0 to 100% . The results indicate good agreement between the theoretical and experimental values for all systems displaying a non-linear relationship between 1/V_R and φB.

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2

Li, Zhiguo. "High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of fatty acids and mathematical modeling of liquid chromatography". Ohio : Ohio University, 2001. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1179157379.

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3

Norcio, Lawrence P. "Stability studies of coal liquid products using high performance liquid chromatography". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=984.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 1999.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 152 p. : ill. (some col.) Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-133).

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4

DONALD, GREGORY THOMAS. "Model Chiral Ionic Liquids for High Performance Liquid Chromatography Stationary Phases". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1214325450.

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5

Edwardson, P. A. D. "High Performance Liquid Chromatography of polynucleotides and proteins". Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376534.

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6

Aggarwal, Pankaj. "High-Performance Polymer Monoliths for Capillary Liquid Chromatography". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4236.

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This dissertation focuses on improving the chromatographic efficiency of polymeric organic monoliths by characterizing and optimizing the bed morphology. In-situ characterization techniques such as capillary flow porometry (CFP), 3-dimensional scanning electron microscopy (3D SEM) and conductivity measurements were developed and implemented to quantitatively characterize the morphology of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) monoliths. The CFP measurements for monoliths prepared by the same procedure in capillaries with different diameters (i.e., 75, 150, and 250 μm) clearly showed a change in average through-pore size with capillary diameter, thus, certifying the need for in-situ measurement techniques. Serial sectioning and imaging of PEGDA monoliths using 3D SEM gave quantitative information about the average pore size, porosity, radial heterogeneity and tortuosity of the monolith. Chromatographic efficiency was better for a monolith with smaller average pore size (i.e., 5.23 μm), porosity (i.e., 0.49), radial heterogeneity (i.e., 0.20) and tortuosity (i.e., 1.50) compared to another monolith with values of 5.90 μm, 0.59, 0.50 and 2.34, respectively. Other than providing information about monolith morphology, these techniques also aided in identifying factors governing morphological changes, such as capillary diameter, polymerization method, physical/chemical properties of the pre-polymer constituents and weight proportion of the same. A statistical model was developed for optimizing the weight proportion of pre-polymer constituents from their physical/chemical properties for improved chromatographic efficiency. Fabricated PEGDA columns were used for liquid chromatography of small molecules such as phenols, hydroxyl benzoic acids, and alkyl parabens. The chromatographic retention mechanism was determined to be principally reversed-phase (RP) with additional hydrogen bonding between the polar groups of the analytes and the ethylene oxide groups embedded in the monolith structure. The chromatographic efficiency measured for a non-retained compound (uracil) was 186,000 plates/m when corrected for injector dead volume. High resolution gradient separations of selected pharmaceutical compounds and phenylurea herbicides were achieved in less than 18 min. Column preparation was highly reproducible, with relative standard deviation (RSD) values less than 2.1%, based on retention times of the phenol standards (3 different columns). A further improvement in chromatographic performance was achieved for monoliths fabricated using a different polymerization method, i.e., living free-radical polymerization (LFRP). The columns gave an unprecedented column performance of 238, 000 plates/m for a non-retained compound under RP conditions.

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7

Benson, Andrew James. "High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) for the analysis of date rape drugs". FIU Digital Commons, 2002. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1602.

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The drugs studied in this work have been reportedly used to commit drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA), commonly known as "date rape". Detection of the drugs was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC/UV) and identified with high performance-liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) using selected ion monitoring (SIM). The objective of this study was to develop a single HPLC method for the simultaneous detection, identification and quantitation of these drugs. The following drugs were simultaneously analyzed: Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), scopolamine, lysergic acid diethylamide, ketamine, flunitrazepam, and diphenhydramine. The results showed increased sensitivity with electrospray (ES) ionization versus atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) using HPLC/MS. HPLC/ES/MS was approximately six times more sensitive than HPLC/APCI/MS and about fifty times more sensitive than HPLC/UV. A limit of detection (LOD) of 100 ppb was achieved for drug analysis using this method. The average linear regression coefficient of correlation squared (r2) was 0.933 for HPLC/UV and 0.998 for HPLC/ES/MS. The detection limits achieved by this method allowed for the detection of drug dosages used in beverage tampering. This method can be used to screen beverages suspected of drug tampering. The results of this study demonstrated that solid phase microextraction (SPME) did not improve sensitivity as an extraction technique when compared to direct injections of the drug standards.

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8

Forssén, Patrik. "Adsorption isotherm parameter estimation in nonlinear liquid chromatography /". Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-5971.

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9

Meeson, Stephen Russell. "The separation of enantiomers by high performance liquid chromatography". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278414.

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10

Sabharwal, Arvind. "Preparative reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography of proteins". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361678.

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11

Young, Erepamowei. "Nebulized flame ionization detection in high performance liquid chromatography". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2008. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/15141.

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A nebulized flame ionization detector interfaced with LC was examined and found to be more versatile in applications than common LC detectors, such as UV, RID, ELSD and CAD. The technique can be used for both volatile and non-volatile analytes. It is compatible with gradient elution and can be used for the analysis of non chromophore-possessing analytes. The calibration plots of non-volatile analytes were linear in contrast to other aerosol-based detectors, such as ELSD and CAD. The technique was examined in three consecutive stages; optimization of the FID, testing the response patterns of analytes (volatile and non-volatile) and applications to the analysis of compounds of diverse functional groups. The optimum conditions for the operation of the FID were: hydrogen, 157 ml/min; nitrogen, 250 ml/min; air, 654 ml/min; spray chamber internal diameter, 40 mm, collector internal diameter, 4mm and eluent (water), 1 ml/min. The calibration plots of all volatile analytes were linear while those of the non-volatile analytes were linear only when anions (in the form of sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, orthophosphoric acid, sodium sulphate and ammonium sulphate) were added to the eluent The separations of diverse analytes (alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, amines, amino acids, carboxylic acids and sugars) gave detection limits in the low μg range.

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12

Mohd, Noor Laili Rusman. "Determination of transition metals by high performance liquid chromatography". Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 1990. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20176/.

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A simple chromatographic analysis system was developed based on dynamic ion pairing using long chain anionic modifiers with a silica reversed phase based column. The aim was to carry out simultaneous multielement quantitative as well as qualitative analysis of samples containing mixtures of transition metal ions. Among the problems encountered and solved were: metalcontamination of the eluent,finding a suitable pump for the system, minimising the noise and reducing the elution times. Detection of the separated metal ions was enabled by post-column derivatisation prior to introduction to thespectrophotometric detector. This introduced many problems as the eluent and post-column reagent stream must beproperly mixed and reacted to ensure successful detection. The design and orientation of the device used for this purpose is also critical and this was studied in detail. The role played by the various constituents of the eluent in the chromatographic separation was investigated thoroughly to enable modifications to it to be made so that thechromatographic analysis could be optimised. It wasdiscovered that retention times were greatly affected byvariations in concentration and type of anionic modifier, concentration and composition of the complexing agent in the eluent and variations in the pH of the eluent. This enabled better understanding of the retention mechanism and a retention mechanism model for a dynamically coated column was proposed. Separation of copper, lead, zinc, nickel, cobalt, cadmiumand manganese in seven minutes was achieved using a mobile phase containing sodium hexanesulphate as anionic modifier, hydrogen tartrate as complexing agent at pH 3.1, with 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol (PAR) detection monitored at 510 nm. Under these conditions, limits of detection in the range of 2 - 20 p.p.b. were achieved for 20 muL injections.

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13

Sun, Yaqin. "Exploration in Analytical Separations Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1148586934.

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14

Nam, Kiebang. "Rapid Isolation and Purification of Plasmid DNA Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography". Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc504136/.

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High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) has been employed as an analytical tool for the purification and separation of nucleic acids. A Nucleogen DEAE 4000-10 weak anion exchange column, prepacked with modified silica gels, was used to purify and separate a number of Escherichia coli plasmids. Plasmid DNAs were extracted by the alkaline lysis method. The cleared lysate was injected directly onto the Nucleogen column, and the peaks were collected, desalted and analysed by gel electrophoresis. On the chromatogram, the pBR322 formed a distinctive peak at 27 minutes and partial separation was made for the E. coli V517 plasmids. Plasmid pBR322 showed a clear band without any detectable contamination on agarose gel. This purified plasmid DNA is biologically active for enzymatic reaction commonly used in genetic engineering techniques.

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15

Scherzinger, Sabine Hilda. "Phenylpropanolamine : analytical and pharmacokinetic studies using high-performance liquid chromatography". Thesis, Rhodes University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004528.

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Phenylpropanolamine (PPA), a synthetic sympathomimetic amine structurally related to ephedrine has been widely used over t he past 40 years as a nasal decongestant and appetite suppressant. It has been the focus of much controversy concerning the efficacy of the drug in its use as an anorectic agent, and due to the side effects caused by the higher doses of PPA required for appetite suppression. Although extensively used, there is little information concerning the determination of PPA in biological fluids and on the pharmacokinetics of this drug. An adaptation of a published high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay for PPA in serum and urine using U.V. detection at 210 nm is presented. PPA was separated in the reversed phase mode. The method has a limit of sensitivity of 5.0 ng/mL and 10.0 ng/mL in serum and urine respectively. Serum concentration data following a single 25 mg dose of phenylpropanolamine in human volunteers demonstrate the application of the analytical method for bioavailability and pharmacokinetic studies. After the administration of 25 mg, 50 mg or 100 mg PPA.HCl solutions to 5 human volunteers, a dose proportionality study demonstrated that PPA appears to exhibit linear kinetics. Linear one body compartment kinetics were assumed and the wagner-Nelson method used to transform in vivo serum data to absorption plots. The serum data were fitted to a model using nonlinear regression techniques to characterize the pharmacokinetic processes of PPA. The absorption of phenylpropanolamine appears to be discontinuous and the drug seems to favour a two body compartment model. The pharmacokinetic parameters obtained from a steady state study using multiple dosing of PPA.HCl solutions compared with those found from previous studies after the administration of sustained-release formulations. A plasma protein binding study using equilibrium dialysis demonstrated that PPA is not highly protein bound in the blood.

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16

Stubbs, Christopher. "High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of erythromycin in serum and urine". Thesis, Rhodes University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004581.

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Erythromycin, a macrolide antibiotic used mainly against gram-positive bacteria has been in clinical use since 1952 (1). Previous pharmacokinetic data published on this antibiotic have been derived predominantly from microbiological assay techniques. However, these techniques are relatively imprecise as well as being non-specific and extremely tedious to perform. A novel high performance liquid chromatographic analysis of erythromycin in human serum and urine using U.V. detection at 200 nm and/or electrochemical detection using both an amperometric and a coulometric electrochemical detector is presented. The method involves a solid phase extraction procedure followed by a simple phase separation step and chromatography on a reverse phase column. In order to select the optimum U.V. detector for this analysis, five "state of the art" detectors were compared in terms of their signal-to-noise ratios at U.V. wavelengths between 200 and 210 nm. A known metabolite des-N-methylerythromycin is readily detectable using U.V. detection, whilst another metabolite/degradation product anhydroerythromycin is not seen using U.V. detection but is readily observable using an electrochemical detector. The method has a limit of sensitivity of 0.25 μg/mL and 1.00 μg/mL in serum and urine respectively (U.V. detection) and is sufficiently sensitive to monitor serum and urine concentrations of erythromycin in man after administration of a single 500 mg erythromycin stearate tablet.
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17

Roush, John Albert. "Development and characterization of novel detectors for use in flow injection analysis or liquid chromatography". Diss., This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-170645/.

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18

Zhong, Qiqing. "Chemical separations by distillation and chiral high performance liquid chromatography". [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2006.

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19

Lei, Tian. "Selenium speciation by high performance liquid chromatography -atomic absorption spectrometry". Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=55507.

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Selenium has been shown to have multiple biochemical effects ranging from nutrient deficiency at low levels to toxicity at high levels. This duality of concern has led to a demand for increased numbers of highly accurate and precise determinations of selenium in biological materials. A convenient procedure was developed for determining selenoamino acids by HPLC-THG-AAS, based on the derivatization of these analytes with Sanger's reagent. Selenomethionine, selenocystine and selenocysteine (after blocking the free selenol group with phenylmercurio cation) were converted to their N-2,4-dinitrophenyl derivatives, and separated on a Nucleosil 5-NO$ sb2$ column with methanolic mobile phase containing acetic acid and triethylamine. Furthermore, an improved HPLC-AAS interface design was modified and optimized for the detection of selenium in HPLC column eluate. The new design was (i) compatible with aqueous mobile phases containing volatile buffers and (ii) provided equivalent molar response to analytes containing Se($-$II), Se(+IV) and Se(+VI). A method for simultaneously determination of selenate, selenite, selenocystine, selenomethionine and selenoethionine was developed by using the HPLC-AAS system with aqueous acetic acid containing ammonium acetate as eluate solution on the cyanopropyl column. The equivalent low ng limits of detection (1-2 ng as Se) for different oxidation states of selenium analytes were obtained using several different mobile phases and/or columns. A phenol extraction procedure for selenate, selenite, selenocystine, selenomethionine and selenoethionine was evaluated for the determination of these selenium analytes in natural waters and wheat samples. The current HPLC-AAS system provides an inexpensive alternative to conventional techniques for the determination of selenium analytes in environmental samples.

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20

Plant, Stephen Paul. "Novel bonded polymeric stationary phases in high performance liquid chromatography". Thesis, Cardiff University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278702.

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21

Hamzah, Mohd Suhaimi. "Separation and determination of lanthanides by high performance liquid chromatography". Thesis, University of Salford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308131.

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22

Ritchie, Harald John. "Development of new packing materials for high performance liquid chromatography". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14283.

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23

Sidwell, Rachel. "Analysis of Glyoxalase II Activity by High Performance Liquid Chromatography". Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1111089246.

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24

Fong, Yuen Ting. "Quantitative structure retention relationships on using high-performance liquid chromatography". HKBU Institutional Repository, 2003. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/426.

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25

Sexton, Danessa Leann. "Determination of lactose by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography". [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2004. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0328104-212023/unrestricted/SextonD041504f.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S.)--East Tennessee State University, 2004.
Title from electronic submission form. ETSU ETD database URN: etd-0328104-212023. Includes bibliographical references. Also available via Internet at the UMI web site.

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26

Bawjee, Janita. "An evaluation of UPLC technology for the simultaneous analysis of actives in a multi-active drug". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008407.

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The evaluation of the potential to use Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) for the simultaneous quantification of all the actives in a multi-active tablet is described in this work. Part of the evaluation was to ensure that the necessary regulatory requirements were adhered to by ascertaining that an analytical method is suitable for a specific purpose through analytical method validation for the specific multi-active tablet. The UPLC method was also tested for the analysis of similar products, namely tablet formulations that contain similar active ingredients in the same proportions but with an additional active ingredient. A method for the simultaneous determination of paracetamol, caffeine and codeine phosphate was developed using UPLC technology. The UPLC developed method was more efficient than the existing in-house HPLC method. The UPLC method was then validated in accordance to ICH and USP guidelines. The application of this UPLC method for the analysis of similar products containing paracetamol, caffeine, codeine phosphate and one extra active ingredient was very challenging. The low concentration of the additional component, differences in sample matrix and differences in formulations added to the challenges. The direct application for the analysis of products Y and Z was not successful; however the method could be used as a platform for further research. A cost comparison between the UPLC and HPLC methods showed the UPLC method to be more cost effective. Thus, while maintenance costs are higher for the UPLC instrument, column costs are comparable to HPLC columns, but solvent and waste disposal charges decrease considerably due to lower solvent use. The reduction in instrument time dramatically improves the cost effectiveness of UPLC over HPLC due to a concurrent reduction in analyst time requirement. The results of this study show that the analytical costs associated with the analysis of multi-active drugs using HPLC procedures can be reduced substantially by the CONFIDENTIAL INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OF ASPEN PHARMACARE implementation of UPLC technology. The hypothesis that the enhanced chromatographic power of UPLC can be leveraged to provide faster analysis times hence increased product throughput rates, and lower operating costs for the analysis of multi-active drugs was accepted. These advantages were achieved whilst meeting all regulatory requirements for analytical methods as required by regulatory bodies.

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27

Junge, Cornelia. "Molekulargenetische Diagnostik des ATRX-Syndroms mittels Denaturing High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (DHPLC)". Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-147264.

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Die DNA-Sequenzierung nimmt in der molekulargenetischen Diagnostik seit vielen Jahren einen großen Stellenwert ein. Zeit- und kosteneffektivere Methoden wie die DHPLC wurden seither für verschiedene Gene etabliert. Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Etablierung der DHPLC für das ATRX-Gen bei Patienten mit Verdacht auf das ATRX-Syndrom. Nach erfolgreicher Etablierung der DHPLC sollten im Rahmen dieser Arbeit 38 Patientenproben des Instituts für Humangenetik der Universität Leipzig mit Verdacht auf das ATRX-Syndrom mittels DHPLC und Sequenzierung untersucht werden. Die Etablierung der DHPLC gelang in der vorliegenden Arbeit für alle - das ATRX-Gen vollständig umspannenden - 42 Fragmente. Jede der vorliegenden Sequenzvariationen konnte nach Abschluss der Arbeit detektiert werden. Unter Verwendung von Maxima® stellten sich initial 22 von 24 verschiedenen Sequenzvariationen zum Wildtyp different dar. Die verbleibenden zwei Mutationen p.R246C und p.A238P im Fragment 9 wurden unter Verwendung höherer Temperaturen, eines kürzeren Fragmentes oder anderer Polymeraseenzyme (AmpliTaq Gold® bzw. HighFidelity) detektiert. Nach Abschluss der Etablierung der DHPLC konnte eine Sensitivität und Spezifität von 100% erreicht werden. In den Patientenuntersuchungen des Instituts für Humangenetik der Universität Leipzig fanden sich bei 38 Patientenproben vier verschiedene als benigne beschriebene Polymorphismen bei insgesamt 19 Patienten, ein noch nicht veröffentlichter Polymorphismus im Intron 26 sowie eine bis dato nicht beschriebene und als pathogen einzustufende Mutation im Exon 34. In 100 Kontrollen der DNA-Bank des Instituts für Humangenetik der Universität Leipzig konnte der bisher nicht publizierte Polymorphismus im Intron 26 sieben Mal gefunden werden. Die bis dato nicht beschriebene Deletion p.2385_2395del im Exon 34 führt zu einem vorzeitigen Abbruch des ATRX-Proteins und ist somit als sicher pathogen einzustufen. Die Untersuchung der Mutter des Patienten konnte den Konduktorenstatus nachweisen. Für die Familie des betroffenen Patienten konnte mit der vorliegenden Arbeit die Diagnose des ATRX-Syndroms gesichert werden. Die DNA-Proben der Patienten bei denen keine Mutation nachgewiesen werden konnte, sollten bei weiterhin dringendem Verdacht auf das ATRX-Syndrom mittels qRT-PCR bzw. MLPA untersucht werden, um große Deletionen, Insertionen oder Duplikationen auszuschließen. Mithilfe dieser Arbeit gelang die Etablierung der DHPLC für das ATRX-Gen als ökonomische, sehr sensitive und effiziente Methode zur Diagnostik des ATRX-Syndroms. Die Entscheidung, in welcher Form und mit welcher Methode DNA-Proben bei Verdacht auf ATRX-Syndrom untersucht werden, bleibt jedoch eine individuelle Entscheidung jedes Instituts unter Betrachtung der jeweiligen Gegebenheiten vor Ort.

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28

Bhattacharjee, Rathindra Chandra. "Development of a sensitive and stereoselective high performance liquid chromatographic assay method for propafenone enantiomers in human plasma". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27800.

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Propafenone is a new class 1C antiarrhythmic agent with additional calcium antagonistic and beta-blocking activities. Clinically it is effective in the treatment of supraventricular and ventricular tachycardia, atrial and ventricular fibrillation, ventricular premature contractions and for the management of Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome. In North America it is still an investigational drug. Propafenone is a chiral drug and is used clinically in the racemic form. The enantiomers of numerous chiral drugs have been shown to differ in their disposition kinetics in the body due to their stereoselective pharmacokinetics and/or pharmacodynamic properties. Two enantiomers are thus often considered as two different entities. The relative antiarrhythmic activities of individual enantiomers of propafenone have not been studied, nor their pharmacokinetic parameters have been elucidated. In order to study the possible enantioselective role of propafenone in the body, a stereoselective assay method would be required. The present study describes the development of a sensitive and stereoselective chromatographic assay method for the simultaneous determination of the two enantiomers of propafenone in human plasma. Attempts for direct separation of the enantiomers of propafenone included several GLC and HPLC chiral stationary phases. The chiral stationary phases were a Chirasil-Valʳ GLC stationary phase, a Pirkle 2,4 dinitro-(D)-phenylglycine HPLC stationary phase and a β-cyclodextrin HPLC stationary phase. Unfortunately, these did not resolve the enantiomers of propafenone. Formation of the diastereomers with R(+)-⍺-methyl benzyl isocyanate and racemic propafenone were partially resolved on a reverse phase HPLC using a 5 u, 25 x 0.45 cm i.d. ODS column and methanol/water (70:30) as the mobile phase. However, due to the long retention time (42 min), incomplete resolution (RS=1.15) and poor sensitivity for detection (500 ng of each enantiomer injected) this method was not deemed suitable for the pharmacokinetic studies planned, since the therapeutic plasma concentration range of propafenone is 64-1044 ng/mL. The second chiral derivatizing reagent, 2,3,4,6-tetra-0-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosylisothiocyanate (GITC), was synthesized in our laboratory. This reagent gave better resolution of the enantiomers (RS=1.4) within 15 minutes with enhanced sensitivity for detection (150 ng of each enantiomer injected). To further optimize the limit of detection for future pharmacokinetic studies of propafenone, R(-)-1 -(naphthyl) ethylisocyanate, a chiral derivatizing agent, was employed. This reagent reacted with racemic propafenone and permitted the resolution of both enantiomers within 24 minutes (R5=l.25) and the minimum level of detection was 100 ng (at the detector) for each enantiomer of propafenone. Using this method, linearity was established over the concentration range, 125-1000 ng for each enantiomer (injected) with a coefficient of determination (r²) of greater than 0.99. Reproducibility and precision of this assay method was obtained with an average coefficient of variability of 4.5% for the R(-) enantiomer and 7.2% for S(+) enantiomer at concentrations of 125-1000 ng/mL. Below the lower quantity, the NEIC-propafenone reaction virtually stopped at the conditions set for derivatization. A similar lack of reactivity at low concentrations was also observed with the GITC-propafenone reaction. The absence of an autocatalysing effect of propafenone at lower nanogram levels, as well as two possible conformational forms of propafenone were also investigated. The existence of two conformational isomers of propafenone, due to intramolecular hydrogen bonding in aprotic solvents, was chromatographically verified. In addition, chromatographic separation of all the proposed conformers was obtained, indicating that enantiomeric separation and quantitation of propafenone enantiomers as their urea derivatives is substantially hindered. To eliminate hydrogen bonding interactions, the carbonyl group of propafenone was blocked with dansylhydrazine and subsequently derivatized with the chiral R(-)NEIC reagent. The HPLC resolution (RS=1.35) of this dual derivative was better than that using the R(-) NEIC reagent alone, and the minimum level of detection was 2.5 ng for each enantiomer. Unfortunately, this procedure still did not provide adequate assay precision and accuracy at the lower levels required for single dose pharmacokinetic studies.
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of
Graduate

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29

Cooke, Andrew Ralph. "The high quality monitoring of PAHs in potable waters". Thesis, University of Bristol, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336869.

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El-Rjoob, Abdul-Wahab. "Dynamic stationary phase modification in reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9720536.

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31

Murphy, Kellyann M. "Analysis of Biodiesel Quality Using Reversed Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/45.

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The alternative fuel biodiesel is produced from the transesterification of vegetable oils or animal fat to fatty acid methyl esters. Pomona has a reactor on campus that can be used to run this reaction and produce biodiesel. The use of biodiesel has been found to lower air pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions, but can be potentially harmful to the engines if it contains impurities. This paper proposes a method using high-performance liquid chromatography to test the quality of biodiesel. This method utilizes instrumentation and materials that are available in Pomona College's Chemistry Department, requires very little sample preparation, and is relatively safe, as long as general lab safety practices are followed. This method can also be used to optimize the procedure used to make the biodiesel. An optimized production procedure and a test method to assess the final product will ensure high quality fuel that can be used with confidence in diesel engines. This will likely add strength to proposals to increase the use of the on-campus reactor and produce biodiesel for campus grounds equipment from waste vegetable oil.

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32

Garba, A. "Reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography of some Group (III) oxinates". Thesis, University of Salford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356196.

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33

Lee, Suk Hean. "Investigation of alcoholic and malolactic fermentation using high performance liquid chromatography". Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327472.

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34

Mew, Christopher Derwent. "A prototype multiplexed UV absorbance detector for high performance liquid chromatography". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324979.

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35

Narine, Raymond. "A novel microcomputer-controlled transport detector for high-performance liquid chromatography". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.281718.

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36

Li, F. "Studies of haem biosynthesis and metabolism by high-performance liquid chromatography". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378943.

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Kaur, Bulvinder. "Porous graphitic carbon : a new material for high performance liquid chromatography". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/12218.

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This thesis is divided into four parts. In the first part, the history of chromatography is described. Different modes of chromatography are briefly discussed and a survey of stationary phases being used in High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is made. The need for a non-polar reversed-phase stationary phase is highlighted. A brief survey of the use of carbon by other workers in liquid chromatography is also made. The second part of the thesis deals with the production and structural study of porous graphitic carbon (PGC). the different stages of production of PGC are discussed. Pore volume and surface area studies on PGC have also been made. A detailed structural study of PGC has been presented. The third part of the thesis deals with the literature survey of the formation of surface complexes on carbon and the gas reactions of carbon, an understanding of which was necessary for the production and control of the final quality of PGC. The fourth part of the thesis deals with the use of PGC in HPLC. A packing method for PGC has been investigated. Different batches of PGC's produced have been tested with standard test solutes. A separation of a wide variety of solutes, including polymethylphenols, polymethylbenzenes, alkylbenzenes, bases, acids, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, pheynl ketones and phthalates on PGC have been achieved. Analgesics can also be separated. Solvent strengths on PGC have been investigated using different solvents and different solutes.

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38

Wu, Zhiwei. "The study of cell surface phenotypes by high performance liquid chromatography". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11961.

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Size-exclusion high performance liquid chromatography was developed to study surface membrane proteins of malignant lymphocytes. The membrane proteins were separated in accordance to their molecular sizes or complexed sizes and displayed, in conjunction with SDS-PAGE, as two-dimensional matrices on which the location of proteins is determined by both retardation in the HPLC column and the mobility on the SDS-PAGE gels. Any association or induced-interaction between proteins are reflected by predictable changes of the retention times, thus by the location on the two-dimensional matrix. Individual membrane proteins in the mixture were identified or separated by the changes in their retardation in the column when mAb-Ag complexes formed by applying specific monoclonal antibodies to the extracts of vectorially labelled cells. A number of surface markers have been identified and several new components are characterized. This study has demonstrated that (1) SE-HPLC is a potent method for analysis of complicated mixtures, particularly when a complete separation is not necessary (2) the technique has advantages for the study of non-covalentinteractions between proteins, particularly valuable for antibodies of low affinity (3) the method is powerful for compositional study and initiative investigation of the complexity of mixtures. By using this technique in conjunction with SDS-PAGE, B-CLLs were found to have heterogeneous surface phenotypic presentations with respect to both quantity and quality. The HPLC-SDS PAGE study revealed that the expression levels of individual surface components in B-CLL patients were at a correlated fashion and, across the patient panel, present a continuous spectrum of such relationships, confirmed the earlier reports of immunological studies by Maddy et.al. that individual B-CLL patients can be ranked in a sequence according to their expression level of CD45 isoforms and that this sequential variation of CD45 is in correlation with levels of sIg and CD21. In addition, this study discovered a group of uncharacterized proteins, band 4.1 (160KD), band 4.3 (135KD) and band 2 (300KD) which are also correlated with CD45RA, CD21 and sIg. A comprehensive repertoire of B-CLL phenotypes has been established with respect to the membrane protein expression.

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39

Lee, Stephen Thomas. "Evaluation of Enhanced-Fluidity Mobile Phases For High Performance Liquid Chromatography /". The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487868114111489.

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40

Liu, Fuyou. "Determination of Hydroquinone in Cosmetic Creams by High Performance Liquid Chromatography". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2114.

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Hydroquinone is a most commonly used whitening agent in cosmetics. A high performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for the quantitative determination of hydroquinone in creams. Validation parameters such as linearity, precision, accuracy, and limit of detection and limit of quantitation were determined. HPLC was carried by reverses phase technique on a RP-C18 column with a mobile phase of water and methanol (pH 5.0) 70:30. The linearity in the range of 2.0-40.0 μg/mL presents a correlation coefficient of 0.9998. The LOD and LOQ were 0.16 and 0.53 μg/mL, respectively. The precision of the method was found to be satisfactory with a coefficient of variation below 2.2%. The recovery values were in the range of 92.4 to 99.0%. The method is sensitive, fast, and simple. It has been successfully applied to the determination of hydroquinone in cosmetic creams. The results obtained agreed well with the percentages given by the manufacturers.

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41

Bhide, S. R. "Analytical approach to problems in organic chemistry high-performance liquid chromatography". Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 1989. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/3321.

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42

Xiang, Yanqiao. "Capillary Liquid Chromatography Using Micro Size Particles". Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2004. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd531.pdf.

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43

Tang, Jianhua. "Development of a novel gradient chromatofocusing tandem mass spectometry technique for the determination of cationic compounds in biofluids identification of caspace 3 cleavage sites of nhe-1 by high performance liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry /". Cleveland, Ohio : Cleveland State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1247344073.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Cleveland State University, 2009.
Abstract. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed July 29, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 105). Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center and also available in print.

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44

Stubbs, Christopher. "Application of high-performance liquid chromatography to the analysis, stability and pharmacokinetics of erythromycin". Thesis, Rhodes University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004372.

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Erythromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used mainly in the treatment of infections caused by gram-positive organisms. Erythromycin base is rap idly degraded in acidic media necessitating the use of structurally modified erythromycin derivatives or acid resistant dosage forms in order to decrease gastric inactivation of the drug. The majority of pharmacokinetic studies to-date have utilized relatively non-specific microbiological assay procedures which are unable to differentiate between concentrations of active erythromycin base and the inactive pro-drug derivatives. A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) technique is described for the simultaneous determination of erythromycin base and propionate (inactive pro-drug form) in human serum and urine following the oral administration of erythromycin estolate, an acid stable derivative of erythromycin. The method involves a solid-phase extraction step prior to chromatography on a C18 reversed-phase column with coulometric electrochemical detection. Sample handling and storage techniques are presented which minimize hydrolysis of the inactive ester moiety between sample collection and analysis, thereby more accurately reflecting the in vivo situation than in previously published studies. Results from single dose pharmacokinetic studies indicate that only 10-15% of the total erythromycin concentration in vivo is present as the active base component following oral administration of erythromycin estolate. This percentage increases to approximately 25% during multiple dose administration. Novel urinary excretion data are presented which reveal that approximately 40% and 55% of the total erythromycin excreted in urine is excreted as erythromycin base following single and multiple dosages respectively. Computer fitting of mean serum concentration-time data revealed that an open one compartment model with linear first order absorption and elimination best described the absorption and disposition of erythromycin, although poor computer fits for individual data sets were observed. Some evidence of non-linear elimination is presented utilizing both compartmental and non-compartmental pharmacokinetic techniques. Large intra-and inter-personal variability in erythromycin absorption and disposition was experienced which was evaluated in five subjects who each received one 500 mg erythromycin estolate tablet from the same batch, on three separate occasions. In addition. an HPLC method is described for the analysis of "total erythromycin" concentrations following erythromycin estolate administration which involves hydrolysis of the ester component prior to chromatography. as well as an HPLC method utilizing amperometric electrochemical detection capable of monitoring the stability of erythromycin base in stored biological fluids. These methods were uti I ized in various stability studies involving erythromycin base and propionate as well as for the analysis of erythromycin estolate dosage forms.

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45

Vorarat, Suwanna. "A study of some aspects of capillary electrophoresis in drug analysis". Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302582.

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46

Lowe, Christian T. "Retention characteristics of water-soluable calixarene modified mobile phases in HPLC /". Connect to the full text of the document, 1998. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ysu997550028.

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47

Fung, Hau Yee. "Development of the Hong Kong Chinese materia medica Standards monograph of Lini semen". HKBU Institutional Repository, 2018. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/531.

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The development of the monograph of a commonly used Chinese medicine, Lini Semen, for the Hong Kong Chinese Materia Medica Standards (HKCMMS) was recorded. HKCMMS is a set of reliable and internationally recognized standards of Chinese medicine. The monograph of Lini Semen was proposed, endorsed, and under editorial phase for the publication of the 9th volume of HKCMMS. In the proposed HKCMMS monograph of Lini Semen, besides regular content such as macroscopic and microscopic identification, and TLC identification, a HPLC fingerprint method and two assay methods were developed. All methods were well-established and validated. TLC identification: Lini Semen n-hexane extract is identified on a HPTLC Silica gel RP-18 plate, with α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid as the markers. The developing system consisted of acetone, acetic acid and dichloromethane in the ratio of 5:4:2. The spraying reagent was 5% sulphuric acid - ethanol solution and the plate was observed under 366 nm. HPLC fingerprint: Fingerprint of Lini Semen was conducted on a HPLC system with a C8 column. Mobile phase consisted of (A) water and (B) acetonitrile and isopropanol (9:1). Six characteristic peaks, including α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid were detected under 210 nm. Assay: α-Linolenic acid and linoleic acid were detected from Lini Semen n-hexane extract under the same HPLC condition of the fingerprint of Lini Semen. The proposed total content of α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid was not less than 0.56%. Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) was detected from hydrolysed Lini Semen extract by HPLC system with a C18 column. Mobile phase consisted of (A) water and (B) acetonitrile. The detection wavelength was 280 nm. The proposed content of SDG was not less than 0.81%. Conclusion: It is the first time to propose a HPLC fingerprint and introduce SDG as a assay marker of Lini Semen in a regional standard monograph. The established methods for TLC identification, HPLC fingerprint, assay of the total content of α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid, as well as assay for SDG were validated with in-house and inter-laboratory comparison to prove that the methods are reliable.

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48

Barnes, Karen Wink. "The synthesis and characterization of reversed phase stationary phases for high performance liquid chromatography". Gainesville, FL, 1986. http://www.archive.org/details/synthesischaract00barn.

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49

Dotlich, Erin Michele. "ALKYLAMMONIUM FORMATE IONIC LIQUIDS AS SOLVENTS FOR FLUORESCENCE AND LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHODS". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1208983119.

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50

Van, Meter David S. III. "Synthesis and Characterization of Surface-Confined Ionic Liquid Stationary Phases for High Performance Liquid Chromatography". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1227275073.

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