Rozprawy doktorskie: „Heroin”

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Ridder, Michael de. "Heroin : vom Arzneimittel zur Droge /". Frankfurt/Main [u.a.] : Campus-Verl, 2000. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/309010349.pdf.

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Corcoran, Paula. "An exploratory study of the social representations of heroin and heroin users". Thesis, City University London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.520943.

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Blackwell, Michael James. "The myths of heroin /". Title page, abstract and table of contents only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arb6321.pdf.

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Rieger, Stefan. "Selbstentzieher/innen von Heroin". [S.l. : s.n.], 1999. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB8533369.

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Clark, Jonathan. "Heroin Addiction Recovery : A qualitative study on how individuals recovered from habitual heroin addiction". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-103754.

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Pau, Wai-ho Charles. "Heroin use and neuropsychological functions". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29726566.

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Cheng, Lai-fung Gordon, i 鄭禮鋒. "Biopsychosocial implications of heroin addiction". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/207203.

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Heroin abuse is devastating to both the individual abusers and society. Owing to its ability to elicit rapid feelings of euphoria and transcendent relaxation, coupled with adverse withdrawal effects, it is one of the most addictive illicit drugs of abuse. The severe and persistent socio-economic detriment caused by heroin abuse signifies an urgent need for understanding how this substance affects abusers. Currently, scientific research into the biopsychosocial functioning of heroin abusers is limited. This thesis presents a series of three studies that sought to contribute to our understanding of how biopsychosocial functioning may be influenced by the abuse of heroin. This thesis contains three studies that drew on a large-scale data collection process, involving the collection of neurobiological, psychosocial, molecular, and neurocognitive measures in both abstinent heroin abusers and matched healthy controls. Study One aimed to identify the neurobiological deficits in relation to heroin abuse. It was revealed that heroin abuse was associated with widespread brain structural atrophy, and such atrophy was more profound with a more severe heroin abuse profile. Study Two aimed to identify the neurobiological substrates of the heroin abusers’ personality traits. It was revealed that the heroin abusers’ pathological sensation seeking trait was underpinned by structural integrity of the midbrain and the functional connectivity between the midbrain and the prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, the dorsolateral and ventromedial prefrontal cortices were connected in differential ways with the midbrain in relation to heroin abusers’ sensation seeking tendency. Finally, Study Three aimed to examine an untested hypothesis that the abuse of heroin accelerates the aging process. It was revealed that heroin abusers had a significantly low telomerase activity level, which reflected acceleration of cellular aging. Moreover, heroin use and telomerase activity interacted to impact on brain structures and functional networks that are closely linked with aging. These brain functional networks were found to correlate with behavioural performance in the respective cognitive domains, further supporting the behavioural relevance of these abnormal brain networks. Altogether, these findings have yielded a convergence of understanding of the detrimental effects of heroin use on its abusers. Theoretically, the current findings support the neurobiological models that assign the prefrontal cortex as the core neuropathology of drug addiction, and also recognize the importance of investigating into brain regions that have incidentally but frequently been found to be influenced by the abuse of heroin. Clinically, the current findings suggest new directions for the assessment, conceptualization and interventions for people affected by drug addiction. These implications pave the way for studies that seek to further understand and remediate the biopsychosocial sabotage caused by substance abuse.
published_or_final_version
Psychology
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy

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Cotton, Angela. "Women's heroin use : chronicling narratives". Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418661.

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Lyndon, Abigail Frances Skacel. "Polydrug abuse amongst heroin addicts". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2017. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.730863.

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Zhou, Yu. "HCV, Heroin Use, and MicroRNAs". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/309425.

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Pathology
Ph.D.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is common among injection drug users (IDUs). There is accumulating evidence that circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are related to HCV infection and disease progression. The present study was undertaken to determine the in vivo impact of heroin use on HCV infection and HCV-related circulating miRNA expression. Using the blood specimens from four groups of study subjects (HCV-infected individuals, heroin users with/without HCV infection, and healthy volunteers), we found that HCV- infected heroin users had significantly higher viral load than HCV-infected non-heroin users (p=0.0004). Measurement of HCV-related circulating miRNAs in plasma showed that miRs-122, 141, 29a, 29b, and 29c were significantly increased in the heroin users with HCV infection, whereas miR-351, an HCV inhibitory miRNA, was significantly decreased in heroin users as compared to control subjects. Further investigation identified a negative correlation between the plasma levels of miR-29 family members and severity of HCV infection based on aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI). Heroin use and/or HCV infection also dysregulated a panel of plasma miRNAs. Taken together, these data for the first time revealed in vivo evidence that heroin use and/or HCV infection alter circulating miRNAs, which provides a novel mechanism for the impaired innate anti-HCV immunity among IDUs. Recent studies revealed that extracellular miRNAs were able to incorporate into cell-derived exosomes as a method of cell-to-cell interaction. Exosomes are a class of cell-released small vesicles that mediate intercellular communication by delivering functional factors to recipient cells. During HCV infection, the interaction between liver resident macrophages and hepatocytes is important for host defense and viral elimination, triggered by innate immune activation, especially Toll like receptors (TLR). In our study, we explored the role of macrophage-derived exosomes in the transmission of innate immune responses against HCV infection in hepatocytes, and the involvement of exosomal miRNAs in transferring the anti-HCV activities. We reported that upon TLR3 activation, macrophages shed exosomes that were able to attenuate HCV-JFH1 infection in Huh7 cells. We further demonstrated that exosomes from poly I:C treated macrophages were internalized by Huh7 cells, which induced the intercellular anti-HCV responses (type I interferon, interferon stimulated genes, etc.) and thus drastically inhibited HCV infection in Huh7 cells. Moreover, using an in vitro macrophage and Huh7 cell co-culture model, we also found exosomes mediated HCV suppression in Huh7 cells after TLR3 activation. The presence of exosome inhibitor in co-culture compromised the anti-HCV activity by TLR3-activated macrophages. Interestingly, the miRNA-29 family, which was reported to suppress HCV infection, was significantly increased in the macrophage exosomes after TLR3 activation. The inhibition of miRNA-29 partially compromised the anti-HCV activity of TLR3-activated macrophages, indicating the potential involvement of exosomal miRNAs in the transmission of anti-HCV activity from macrophages to Huh7 cells through exosomes. In conclusion, this study proposed an antiviral mechanism of TLR3 activation that involves the intercellular communication between immune cells and hepatic parenchymal cells via exosomes, and exosomal miRNAs. This discovery sheds light on exploiting the therapeutic potential of new drugs against HCV infection.
Temple University--Theses

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Toth, Alexander G. "A Multi-dimensional Macrolevel Study of Drug Enforcement Strategies, Heroin Prices, and Heroin Consumption Rates". Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7973.

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American policy makers primarily embrace a deterrent-based policing agenda to curb illicit drug trafficking and use that relies on the principles of the economic price elasticity of demand (Boynum & Reuter, 2005). This counter-drug platform includes three fundamental programs: arresting offenders, seizing illicit drugs, and eradicating horticultural sources of illicit drugs (U.S. DEA, 2015). One of the main goals of these programs is to deter illegal trafficking and use by increasing the price of illicit substances so they are no longer attractive to consumers. The United States has weathered various drug use epidemics during its history, and currently it is facing a heroin and opioid epidemic (Dean, 2017). The present multi-dimensional study is guided by three broad goals: to assess the dynamics of illicit drug pricing and the economic price elasticity of demand perspective; to evaluate whether drug trafficking organizations respond to theoretically deterrence based counter-drug law enforcement efforts; and to assess why law enforcement activities are (or are not) effective in controlling illegal drug markets. To accomplish these three broad goals, four separate yet linked focal points comprised of quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods evaluations of official data are examined. The findings in the study call into question the current American counter-drug law enforcement agenda being used to address the ongoing heroin epidemic. Furthermore, the results shine light on various shortcomings in overall U.S. counter-drug policy. Finally, the study calls for a new approach to address illicit drug trafficking and use in the U.S.

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Fogel, Daniel. "A Reexamination of US Heroin Policy". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/126.

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Misguided drug policy in the United States has led to many severe social and economic problems that have burgeoned over the past century. I analyzed heroin policy specifically, investigating new treatment methods and alternative decriminalization policies that would ameliorate some of these problems.

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Paine, Julie. "Heroin addiction and longing to belong". Thesis, City University London, 2009. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/8726/.

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This study explores the lived experience of being parented in childhood and adolescence in individuals with a long history of heroin/crack cocaine dependence. This investigation uses attachment theory (Ainsworth & Bowlby, 1991; Bowlby, 1969, 1973, 1980) as a central pillar of the explanatory framework, while also drawing upon psychodynamic concepts to illuminate and interpret participants' narratives. The avowed aim of this research is to contribute towards a psychodynamic phenomenology of parental relationships in childhood, and in particular that of the mother-child dyad. The study also endeavours to begin to make up for the paucity of studies about the relationship between attachment and heroin addiction, while using a constructivist-interpretative epistemological position to examine how individuals' early life experiences may shape and influence them through later life. In this study, a clinical sample of six individuals stabilised on a low-dose methadone maintenance programme underwent three separate interviews, and analysis was conducted using interpretative phenomenological analysis. This focused on emergent themes, retaining a strong epistemological commitment to interpretations firmly embedded in the data. Three major themes emerged: 'I was always the outsider', and perceptions of not fitting in socially or with family; 'I wanted an ordinary mum and got Supermum', and the notion of a mother who was not mentally attuned with the growing child; and 'my search for a new, improved sense of self, where the child attempts to extinguish their negative self-image. These findings are then discussed, using theoretical literature as explanatory support, in an attempt to improve our understanding of the experience of being parented in a child who went on to become a heroin addict.

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Asad, Amir Zada. "Opium and heroin production in Pakistan". Thesis, University of Hull, 1999. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:3960.

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Karlsson, Petter. "Att sluta med heroin utan substitutionsbehandling". Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-26111.

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Studien syftar till att undersöka hur det går till att sluta använda heroin utan att byta till användning av andra opioidpreparat och utan att erhålla substitutionsbehandling med opioidpreparaten metadon eller buprenorfin. Forskningsgenomgången visar att det är möjligt att sluta med heroin utan substitutionsbehandling, men att det är svårt att leda i bevis att vissa specifika behandlingsmetoder skapar detta resultat. Det empiriska materialet består av djupintervjuer med tio personer som delar erfarenheten av att ha varit heroinberoende och av att ha slutat använda heroin utan att erhålla substitutionsbehandling. Som teoretisk utgångspunkt används en syntes av flera sociologiska och socialpsykologiska teorier och analysbegrepp som syftar till att förklara relationen mellan mänskliga betenden och de sociala sammanhang som människan ingår i och relaterar till. Studien visar att en framgångsrik återhämtning från heroinberoende innebär en sekundär socialisering in i sociala gemenskaper organiserade kring andra företeelser än heroinanvändning, vilket möjliggör för den före detta heroinanvändaren att avhålla sig från heroin- och annan opioidanvändning. Studien visar även att en viktig komponent i återhämtningen är att, framförallt under den första tiden i återhämtningsprocessen, utveckla ett överväldigande engagemang i någon typ av sysselsättning, samt att personer som under tiden de använde heroin saknade ett överbryggande socialt kapital, har möjlighet att skapa ett sådant efter att de slutat använda heroin.
The study aims to investigate how to stop using heroin without replacing heroin with use of other opioid preparations and without receiving substitution treatment with the opioid preparations methadone or buprenorphine. The research review shows that it is possible to quit heroin addiction without substitution treatment, but it is difficult to prove that certain specific treatment methods create this result. The empirical material consists of in-depth interviews with ten people who share the experience of being addicted to heroin and having stopped using heroin without receiving substitution therapy. As a theoretical point of view, a synthesis of several sociological and social psychological theories and concepts of analysis is used to explain the relationship between human behavior and the social context in which human beings belong and relate. The study shows that a successful recovery from heroin addiction involves secondary socialization into social communities organized around phenomenas other than heroin use, which enables the former heroin user to refrain from heroin and other opioid use. The study also shows that an important component of the recovery process is, especially during the first phase of the recovery process, developing an overwhelming involvement to some type of pursuit, and that people who when they used heroin lacked any sort of bridging social capital, are able to create such after they stopped using heroin.

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Miller, Tiffany. "Social Determinants of Youth Heroin Use". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1406821411.

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Scott, Anna Basich. "Initiation of intravenous heroin use : symbolic meaning of the first time /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7232.

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Gilfillan, Katherine Verne. "Heroin detoxification during pregnancy: a systematic review and retrospective study of management of heroin addiction in pregnancy". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10539.

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Includes bibliographical references.
There is a general consensus that methadone maintenance is the gold standard in the management of pregnant heroin users. However, in South African state hospitals, methadone withdrawal is the routine procedure offered to these patients, as methadone maintenance programmes are unavailable in the public sector.

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Szczytkowski, Jennifer Lynn Lysle Donald T. "Conditioned effects of heroin on proinflammatory mediators". Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2865.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Jun. 4, 2010). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Curriculum of Neurobiology." Discipline: Neurobiology; Department/School: Medicine.

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Higgins, Kathryn Mary. "An exploration of a new heroin outbreak". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.485067.

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Using case study methodology this research examines a new heroin . outbreak in one location in Northern Ireland, the town of Ballymena, Co Antrim. The scene for the research is set with a chronological description of the development of heroin use within Northern Ireland generally and the location of Ballymena in particular, with reference to unfolding trends in local drug policy. Analysis of local newspaper coverage of the heroin . outbreak highlights t!le important role played by the media in raising the profile of the emerging heroin problem in the location. The research illustrates that the development of a heroin outbreak within any location is highly complex. An important finding to emerge is that an interaction between past and present, and individual and structural level factors appear pivotal to its understanding. A central product of the historical conditions in NI was a lack of awareness about heroin among perspns initiating and professionals within the addiction services. When set against the back~rop of rapid developments occurring in the more contemporary drug market this knowledge deficit .assisted the progress of the heroin outbreak. Lack of capacity within the existing support services to cope with the initial introduction of heroin to the locality was illustrated by the data. Difficulties in expanding treatment options to include harm reduction, is also highlighted. The very direct implications of the Northern Ireland conflict and overall legacy of violence are highlighted with reference to the paramilitary violence against the heroin-using community in the location. Finally, the utility of findings derived from the study are presented with respect to their contribution to drug policy, practice and research.

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Gerostamoulos, Jim 1969. "The toxicological interpretation of heroin-related deaths". Monash University, Dept. of Forensic Medicine, 1997. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/7770.

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Daniels, Katherine. "Difficulties Investigating and Prosecuting Heroin Overdose Cases". Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2004. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/701.

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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.
Bachelors
Health and Public Affairs
Legal Studies

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Capece, Alexandra E. "Parental Influences on Hispanic Adolescent Heroin Use". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1385114194.

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Schwienteck, Kathryn L. "Effects of A Heroin Conjugate Vaccine on the Antinociceptive and Abuse-Related Effects of Heroin in Rats and Monkeys". VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5769.

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The increase in heroin use is one factor contributing to the current opioid epidemic in the United States. There are three Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved medications for the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD), and these include agonist (i.e. methadone and buprenorphine) and antagonist (i.e. naltrexone) therapies. Although these medications are effective for some patients, regulatory constraints for agonist therapies limit access and patient compliance for naltrexone is poor. The development of new therapies, such as immunopharmacotherapies, for the treatment of OUD is a priority for the National Institute of Drug Abuse. A heroin immunopharmacotherapy, or vaccine, produces heroin selective antibodies that bind to and sequester heroin in the periphery. One formulation of a heroin-tetanus toxoid (TT) conjugate vaccine has shown promise in preclinical studies in mice in monkeys but has not been fully assessed to determine independent variables that might impact vaccine effectiveness such as heroin route of administration, species of animal or abuse-related behavioral endpoints. Chapter II of this dissertation aimed to determine effectiveness and selectivity of the heroin-TT conjugate vaccine to alter the antinociceptive effects of subcutaneous and intravenous heroin in male and female rats. In addition, maximal vaccine effects were compared to effects of a positive control naltrexone. Vaccine effectiveness to reduce heroin antinociception was selective, but effectiveness did not depend on route of administration. Furthermore, maximum effects were less than those seen with a clinically meaningful dose of naltrexone. Combining the vaccine with naltrexone enhanced the effectiveness of naltrexone to block the antinociceptive effects of heroin. Chapter III determined vaccine effectiveness and selectivity to block heroin’s discriminative-stimulus effects in nonhuman primates and compared maximal effects produced by vaccine and naltrexone. The heroin vaccine weakly but selectively reduced the abuse-related subjective-like effects of heroin in one of two monkeys. However, chronic naltrexone treatment nonselectively antagonized the abuse-related effects of both heroin and fentanyl, and naltrexone effects were more robust than those of the vaccine. Chapter IV established a translational procedure to assess candidate medication effects on the reinforcing effectiveness of heroin in a heroin versus food choice procedure in rats. In the procedure, rats choose between a liquid food reinforcer and ascending doses of heroin in a 5-component choice procedure. Heroin versus food choice was found to be sensitive to an environmental manipulation of altering response requirement for both reinforcers. Chronic buprenorphine decreased heroin choice, consistent with its FDA-approved indication for treating OUD. Collectively, these data suggest that the current formulation of the heroin-TT conjugate vaccine may not be as effective as naltrexone at decreasing heroin use. However, one potential indication the vaccine may be useful for is as an adjunctive therapy to clinically available agonist or antagonist medications and a heroin versus food choice procedure in rodents would be one way to full assess this preclinically.

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Krowka, Jessica Ann. "The Lived Experience of Recovery From Heroin Addiction". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1555951788174113.

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Ballantyne, Sue. "Methadone maintenance, myth or miracle? : a review of the Queensland Methadone Program 1995-1999 /". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16708.pdf.

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Whittam, Jennifer, i na. "An Enquiry into the Political Economy of International Heroin Trafficking, with Particular Reference to Southwest Asia". Griffith University. School of Arts, 2007. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20100729.112710.

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This thesis locates the global heroin trade within a world-systems theoretical framework. While the thesis identifies some of the factors responsible for the success of the international heroin trade, the primary aim is to focus on one facilitating aspect global financial flows of illegal or hot money. Central to the argument is that international production and trade in illegal heroin are buttressed by cycles of economic contractions within the world economy and by a global financial system that provides the means for the heroin trades profits to be easily laundered and invested in the legal economy. To illustrate the utility of these approaches in terms of a world-systems context, the thesis employs a global commodity chain perspective and elaborates the case study of Hüseyin Baybasin, a highly prominent convicted Kurdish businessman who has sometimes been identified as the worlds leading international heroin trafficker. This particular case study permits us to examine not only the complex web of historical, cultural, social, economic and political interactions within the international heroin trade, but also how the global heroin commodity chain is relevant to the broader debate about secessionist ethnic nationalism and development in the Third World. Focusing on Turkey, the thesis outlines the early historical periods in which different traditional patterns have prevailed for the majority of Kurdish people, and explains the disappearance of these patterns through the process of modernisation and globalisation, and how this relates to the global heroin trade. The argument thus provides an alternative, world-systems perspective to the more familiar accounts of international heroin trafficking that tend to focus on conventional interpretations of supply and demand and the activities of law enforcement agencies in physical interdiction.

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Ahlin, My, i Pål Högblom. "Hälso- och sjukvårdspersonals attityder gentemot patienter som är eller har varit brukare av heroin : En litteraturöversikt". Thesis, Ersta Sköndal Bräcke högskola, Institutionen för vårdvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-7219.

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Bakgrund: Heroin är en olaglig narkotikaklassad drog som är starkt beroendeframkallande. Bruket har en negativ inverkan på den fysiska, psykiska och sociala hälsan vilket medför ett komplext vårdbehov. Brukare är utsatta för stigmatisering i samhället. En faktor som kan utgöra hinder för god vård på lika villkor är hälso- och sjukvårdspersonals attityder gentemot patienter de vårdar. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa hälso- och sjukvårdpersonals attityder gentemot patienter som är eller har varit brukare av heroin. Metod: En litteraturöversikt baserad på tio vetenskapliga artiklar genomfördes enligt Fribergs metod. Artiklarna baserades på kvalitativa och kvantitativa studier samt studier utförda med mixad metod. Resultat: Resultatet visar på förekomst av positiva och negativa attityder. De negativa attityderna var mer framträdande. Ytterligare framkom en polarisering av attityder inom gruppen hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal. Skillnaden var dock inte knuten till en viss yrkesgrupp utan kopplades till utbildning och erfarenhet av att arbeta med den aktuella patientgruppen. De som arbetade närmast patienterna hade övervägande positiva attityder och vice versa. Diskussion: Resultatet diskuteras utifrån centrala begrepp och idéer av Joyce Travelbee samt hur resultatet står i förhållande till vetenskap och lagtext. Tänkbara anledningar till förekomsten av negativa attityder avhandlas. En “vi-och-dem"-mentalitet bidrar till hälso- och sjukvårdspersonalens svårigheter att empatisera för patienterna vilket utgör hinder för vårdrelationen. Medvetandegörande, erfarenhet och utbildning belyses som avgörande för möjliggörandet av en förändring.
Background: Heroin is an illicit narcotic drug that is highly addictive. The drug has a negative impact on the physical, mental and social health of the user, which implies complex needs of healthcare. Users are exposed to stigmatization in society. One factor that may constitute barriers to good care on equal terms is the healthcare professionals' attitudes towards patients they care for. Aim: The aim was to highlight attitudes of health personnel towards patients who are or have been users of heroin. Method: A literature review based upon ten scientific articles was conducted according to Friberg’s method. The articles were based on qualitative and quantitative studies as well as studies performed with mixed method. Results: The result shows the presence of positive and negative attitudes. The negative attitudes were more prominent. Further on a polarization of attitudes within the group of healthcare professionals was revealed. However, the difference was not linked to a certain profession but instead linked to education and experiences of working with the current patient group. Those who worked closest to the patients held predominantly positive attitudes and vice versa. Discussion: The results are discussed on the basis of key concepts and ideas of Travelbee and how the result fits in relation to science and legal texts. Possible reasons for the presence of negative attitudes are discussed. A ‘we-and-them ' mentality contributes to the difficulties of health professionals in empathizing with patients, which precludes the caring relationship. Awareness-raising, experience and education are highlighted as crucial to the facilitation of change.

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Tanner, Gary Ross. "Positive and negative heroin expectancies : a qualitative study". Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418666.

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30

Alderson, H. L. "Neural and psychological mechanisms underlying heroin self-administration". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.595414.

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The aim of this thesis was initially to establish i.v. heroin self-administration in rats, and to examine the neural mechanisms underlying this behaviour, using both continuous reinforcement and second-order schedules of reinforcement. The effects of variations in dose and of opiate-receptor antagonist pre-treatment on responding under both continuous reinforcement and second-order schedules of heroin self-administration were examined. Behavioural manipulations were used to investigate the role of discrete heroin-associated cues in maintaining drug-seeking behaviour under a second-order schedule of reinforcement, and the effects of excitotoxic lesions of the basolateral amygdala on responding under such a schedule were studied. The role of the nucleus accumbens core and shell subregions in mediating heroin reward was also investigated. Responding under continuous and second-order schedules of reinforcement was found to be altered in different ways by changes in dose and opiate-receptor antagonist pre-treatment. Under a continuous reinforcement schedule, responding showed an inverse-U shaped dose response function, and was increased by pre-treatment with an opiate-receptor antagonist. Responding under a second-order schedule, however, showed no alteration in response to changes in dose, but was reduced over three days of opiate-receptor antagonist pre-treatment. Behavioural evidence was provided for a limited role for discrete heroin-associated cues in maintaining drug-seeking behaviour under a second-order schedule of reinforcement. Excitotoxic lesions of the basolateral amygdala did not affect acquisition of heroin self-administration under either continuous or second-order schedules of reinforcement. These results suggest that the basolateral amygdala does not mediate either heroin reward, or conditioning to discrete heroin-associated cues as suggested by the lack of effect on acquisition of heroin self-administration under either continuous or second-order schedules of reinforcement, respectively. The rate of responding under a second-order schedule of responding was increased following basolateral amygdala lesions. Nucleus accumbens core lesions were found to impair the acquisition of heroin self-administration under a continuous reinforcement schedule and to attenuate the response to changes in dose. By contrast, excitotoxic lesions of the nucleus accumbens shell had no effect on responding under a continuous reinforcement schedule of heroin self-administration.

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Holt, Peter-John. "Development of enzyme assays for heroin and morphine". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263536.

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Beyer, Lorraine R. "Heroin importation and higher level drug dealing in Australia : opportunistic entrepreneurialism /". Connect to thesis, 2005. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00001612.

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Granlund, Robert, i Marcus Iversen. "Heroin : En fördjupningsstudie på ett lokalt och nationellt plan". Thesis, Umeå University, Basic training programme for Police Officers, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-27332.

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Heroin framställs av opiumvallmo och har sedan mitten av 1960-talet utvecklats till att bli ett av västvärldens största problem inom narkotikamissbruket Det är svårt att bilda sig en uppfattning om hur stor tillgången är på heroin i Sverige. Mörkertalet som finns då det gäller både införsel av heroin samt antalet missbrukare i Sverige torde vara sådant som försvårar ett konkret påstående. Tittar man på beslagsstatistiken gällande heroin så kan man konstatera att det varierar kraftigt under en tioårsperiod. De år då stora beslag har gjorts så grundar sig dessa på ett stort beslag vid ett enstaka tillfälle. Studien visar att i Skellefteå finns det i princip enbart vitt heroin och detta kommer till stora delar från Stockholmsområdet. I Skellefteå har polisen identifierat 105 personer som på ett eller annat sätt är inblandade i någon form av heroinmissbruk. Majoriteten är injektionsmissbrukare. Arbetet visar att i Trollhättan finns det uteslutande brunt heroin och de som står för införseln är ett antal grupperingar med albanskt ursprung. Detta heroin tar sig till Sverige via den så kallade Balkanrutten till Malmö för att sedan landa i Göteborg och slutligen Trollhättan. I Trollhättan har man cirka 30 heroinmissbrukare och samtliga av dessa använder brunt heroin och i nuläget finns inga kända missbrukare som injicerar heroinet utan det röks i stället.

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Ayranci, Gülebru. "Mood disruption in heroin abstinence : mechanisms and gene discovery". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAJ047.

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L'addiction est une affection chronique emmaillée de rechutes, caractérisée principalement par des comportements compulsifs de recherche et de consommation de drogue. Il s'agit d'une pathologie grave et fréquente. Les sujets qui parviennent à se désengager de ces compulsions sont considérés comme abstinents. Les études épidémiologiques montrent que l'abstinence, notamment pour les opiacés est fortement associée à une prévalence accrue de la dépression. Le but de mon travail de thèse était d'aborder spécifiquement la cooccurrence des troubles dépressifs et addictifs. J'ai participé à l'élaboration d'un modèle murin de cette comorbidité, et nous nous sommes focalisés sur l'addiction aux opiacés, en particulier l'héroïne. Suite à un traitement chronique par l'héroïne et au cours de l'abstinence paraissent progressivement des comportements apparentés à la dépression. Ce traitement chronique à l'héroïne modifie le fonctionnement du système sérotoninergique et l'activité du récepteur opioïde kappa (Article publié: Distinct mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptor mechanisms underlie low sociability and depressive-like behaviors during heroin abstinence). Les déficits comportementaux observés peuvent être prévenus et reversés par un traitement antidépresseur ciblant le system sérotoninergique ou en inhibant l'activité du récepteur opioïde kappa avec un antagoniste, dans des portions similaires (Manuscript submis: Kappa opioid receptor antagonism prevents and reverses heroin abstinence-induced social deficit with similar efficacy compared to chronic antidepressant treatment). Notre étude nous permet de proposer que le récepteur opioïde kappa constitue un acteur majeur à l'interface de l'addiction et de la dépression(Revue publié: The kappa opioid receptor: from addiction to depression, and back)
Addiction is a chronic, relapsing disorder and is mainly described as compulsive craving and consumption of a drug in spite of adverse consequences. Individuals who have achieved to refrain from such compulsive behaviour are considered abstinent, but present symptoms reminiscent of depression. Epidemiological studies report that abstinence, particularly from opiates, strongly associates with higher prevalence of depression. Aim of my thesis was to specifically address the co-occurrence of opiate addiction and major depression in preclinical research. Thus, I have contributed to develop a mouse model of opiate abstinence, and in particular extend our model of morphine abstinence to heroin. Following exposure to escalating doses of heroin, abstinent mice progressively exhibit a depressive-like phenotype, revealed by low sociability., and show altered serotonergic and kappa opioid receptor signaling (Published article: Distinct mu, delta and kappa opioid receptor mechanisms underlie low sociability and depressive-like behaviors during heroin abstinence).Importantly, these behavioural deficits can be both prevented and reversed by antidepressant treatment targeting serotonergic signaling, or inhibiting the activity of the kappa opioid receptor withan antagonist, with similar efficacy (Submitted article: Kappa opioid receptor antagonism prevents and reverses heroin abstinence-induced social deficit with similar efficacy compared to chronic antidepressant treatment). Altogether, our results allow us to propose the kappa opioid receptor is a major player at the interface of addiction and depression (Published review: The kappa opioid receptor: from addiction to depression, and back)

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Mills, Katherine Public Health &amp Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Post traumatic stress disorder among people with heroin dependence". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Public Health and Community Medicine, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/23339.

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Comorbidity between substance use disorders and post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is common. Despite evidence to suggest that people with heroin dependence are at particular risk of PTSD, there is a dearth of research focussing on the interrelationship between these disorders. The present thesis aims to identify the prevalence of PTSD among people with heroin dependence, the correlates of this comorbidity, and its impact on treatment outcomes, the utilisation of treatment services, and treatment costs. Study 1 examines the epidemiology of PTSD and heroin dependence among 10,641 Australian adults who participated in the National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing. The prevalence of PTSD was highest among people with heroin or other opioid use disorders compared with any other drug class (33.2%). Comorbid PTSD was associated with poorer occupational functioning, and poorer physical and mental health. While general population studies provide crucial population estimates they do not allow for a detailed examination of the relationship between highly disabling but low prevalence disorders. The remaining studies were undertaken using a sample of 615 treatment seeking and non-treatment seeking dependent heroin users. Study 2 examines the prevalence and correlates of this comorbidity. PTSD was common (lifetime 41%; current 31%) and was associated with a more severe clinical profile. Studies 3 and 4 were based on follow-up data on this large cohort. Study 3 is the first study to examine the impact of PTSD on 2 year treatment outcomes for heroin dependence. Across the 2 year period, those with current PTSD at baseline performed more poorly in terms of their occupational functioning, physical and mental health. Study 4 found that this did not equate to the greater use of treatment services or an increased cost to the health care system among those with PTSD. It is concluded that PTSD and heroin dependence are highly comorbid conditions, and that this comorbidity is associated with poorer functioning and poorer treatment outcomes. Individuals entering treatment for heroin dependence should be assessed for PTSD so that they may receive appropriate treatment and referral. Further research is also needed to determine how best to treat this comorbidity.

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Tatham, Joanne Elizabeth. "Heroin kills : context and meaning in contemporary art practice". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2004. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3154/.

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Heroin kills: context and meaning in contemporary art practice is a thesis comprising of two parts; the HK publication and a separate written submission. Since 2000 I have worked simultaneously as a Fine Art research student within the University of Leeds and as a professional artist within the context of contemporary art. This thesis aims to negotiate these two parallel yet distinct sites, within which art practice occurs. The two contexts make different demands of art practice. They do not operate within a common discourse and they do not necessarily use the same systems to validate art activity. As such, art means differently within each of these two contexts. This thesis uses these differences of context to enable a consideration of how art, in the form of objects, images and words, means. Concurrently, the thesis then uses this potential for different meanings to articulate the distinctions that exist between these two contexts as sites for art. The HK publication exists both as a component element of the thesis and separately outside of the context of the PhD as a handbook for the HK project. The HK project has been enabled by the context of contemporary art and this remains a principal signifying site for the publication. The PhD thesis re-presentsa nd reframes the HK publication. The publication functions through how and where it is positioned, drawing attention to the mechanics of its presentation as it does so. The written element of the thesis considers the relationship that exists between an artwork and the written word. The writing attempts to present an alternative method for taking account of the contexts for the production, exhibition and dissemination of art by constructing a narrative around HK that provides an account parallel to the HK publication. The two elements of the thesis work together to consider the context of the Fine Art practice PhD as a site for meaning for contemporary art. I hope HK, the project that resides behind, above and beyond this thesis, survives this process.

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Daly, Kevin. "Newspaper readership and the construction of a heroin epidemic". Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 63 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1674964141&sid=7&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Wakeman, Stephen. "Rethinking heroin : use, addiction and policy in 'austerity Britain'". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/rethinking-heroin-use-addiction-and-policy-in-austerity-britain(3d5203fd-aa07-4749-86af-c72f34ebe869).html.

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This thesis is concerned with heroin. Its use, addiction to it, and the policy measures that have come to surround both in what is now commonly known as 'austerity Britain'. It provides a set of interlinked arguments around these topics through the presentation of four journal articles and related theoretical engagement with data gleaned from an ethnographic exploration of heroin use in a deprived area of North-West England. Whilst the arguments here are diverse, they share one common thread; the need to rethink what we know about heroin at this particular point in time. To this end the thesis makes original contributions to criminological knowledge surrounding the ways in which drug addiction is researched; the socio- economic role(s) of heroin in marginalised communities; heroin assisted treatment techniques; and the ways in which drug policy problems, and some potential solutions to them, have been culturally (re)presented. Following this, the thesis then teases out some of the links between the above and in so doing, offers a unique and progressive theory of heroin addiction in the UK today alongside some tentative suggestions around the future directions of national drug policy. The potentials and limitations of the above, along with the areas revealed to be in need of future research, are discussed to close.

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Dwyer, Robyn. "Agency and exchange: an ethnography of a heroin marketplace". Thesis, Curtin University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2302.

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This thesis is concerned with the exchange of heroin in localised, street-based marketplaces. Commercial exchange of heroin in such sites has been a characteristic of the Australian heroin scene since the early 1990s. Although some qualitative investigations have been undertaken, the dominant approach to understanding these sites in Australia has been quantitative (primarily epidemiological and criminological). These efforts largely adopt a narrow and under-developed conception of 'markets' and much of this work adopts a narrow and circumscribed conception of the subjects who act within these sites. In contrast, this thesis is positioned within a long tradition of ethnographic accounts of drug users as active agents and of drug markets as embedded in particular social, cultural and economic contexts.In this thesis, I explore two related questions: 1) what are the social relations and processes constituting street-based drug markets, and 2) how do participants in these street-based drug markets express agency, given that, in public and research discourses, they are often understood and depicted either as lacking agency or as expressing agency only through profit-seeking, criminality or both. I explore these questions through an ethnographic examination of the everyday lives of Vietnamese heroin user/dealers who participate in a local heroin marketplace in the Melbourne suburb of Footscray. The key analytical concerns are the social relations through which this particular market is constituted, the social and cultural processes of exchange through which the market is produced and reproduced, and the ways in which participants in the market express agency, including the ways in which their agency might be constrained.My ethnography of the Footscray drug marketplace reveals that the marketplace is constituted by complex and dynamic social processes and relations. With a focus on drug user/dealers, my analysis condenses to two major themes - those of agency and exchange. Throughout the thesis, I show how, and in what ways, drug marketplace participants act on the world, achieve diverse outcomes (intended or otherwise, constrained or not) and, thus, express their agency. I also demonstrate the complexities of heroin exchange in the marketplace, revealing that heroin is exchanged in multiple ways (e.g. through trade, barter and gifts) for multiple purposes and according to multiple and fluid classifications of social relationships. My account shows the embeddedness of the Footscray drug marketplace - that it is shaped by its particular historical, social, cultural, political and economic context. I show also how market processes - such as exchange - are shaped by culturally patterned ideas about what is right, wrong and even conceivable. This thesis also problematises dominant constructions of drug user subjectivity. Such conceptions have ethical and political implications with regard to the ways in which drug users are understood, judged, regulated and governed. My analysis suggests that the subjectivity of Footscray dealers is ambiguous, contradictory and multiple, constituted not simply by instrumental rationality but by a complex of motivations and by the cultural and social formations which shape these motivations.This thesis provides an alternative to the dominant approaches to understanding Australian drug markets and marketplaces. Accounts of drug markets tend to privilege an etic view that is theoretically underpinned by neo-classical economic models of markets. Additionally, the quantitative methodological approaches that predominate in Australian drug market research tend to preclude considerations of process and temporality. In contrast, in this thesis I privilege an emic account of the drug marketplace. Influenced by theoretical frameworks drawn from anthropology, in my examination of the everyday lives of drug user/dealers, I stress the importance of the social, political and cultural dimensions of these people's lives and direct attention to the importance and creativity of personal agency.Drug users and dealers are widely stigmatised and demonised as 'other', juxtaposed against supposedly 'normal' non-drug users. Dominant representations of drug users are unidimensional and do not capture the complexity of drug user agency and subjectivity. This thesis demonstrates that the people who sell heroin in the Footscray marketplace actively engage in a range of exchanges, for a range of purposes - subsistence, the creation of identity, the pursuit of prestige, reciprocity, sociality, the production and reproduction of social relations, and profit-making. My account, therefore, repositions drug users, challenging their stigmatisation by revealing that, in their everyday lives, they struggle with many of the same challenges that confront us all.

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Beck, Karin. "Subjektive Sinnstrukturen in selbstdestruktiven Handlungen : sozialwissenschaftliche Studie über Heroinabhängige in einem Entgiftungskrankenhaus /". [S.l. : s.n.], 1993. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/137896816.pdf.

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Barnard, Marina A. "Gender differences in HIV-related risk behaviour among a sample of Glasgow drug injectors". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323700.

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Burbage, Michelle L. B. A. "Lifetime Heroin Use among Americans: An Exploration of Social Determinants". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1491314797226285.

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Shaw, Elizabeth H. "An exploration of the process of recovery from heroin dependence". Thesis, University of Hull, 2011. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:4910.

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This review aimed to collate information regarding the psychological and sociological factors that contribute to recovery from heroin dependence. Systematic searches (manual and electronic) using the databases PsychInfo, PsychArticles, Medline, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science were undertaken. Six themes were identified: the role of social factors in the engagement of heroin users with services, psycho-social factors associated with motivation to stop heroin use, the role of motivation in achieving abstinence from heroin, the role of confidence/self-efficacy in reduction of heroin consumption, coping strategies and heroin abstinence and the theme of how social factors aid the transition from addict to non-addict identity. The development of non-drug using relationships and coping strategies was associated with abstinence from heroin, identifying points for intervention by drug treatment services. Self-confidence for remaining abstinent from heroin at admission to treatment was found to be un-related to heroin use following treatment. Confidence surrounding cessation of heroin use was dependent on receiving substitution medication. Drug services may play an important role in increasing past heroin users‟ self-efficacy with regard to living without heroin and substitution treatment. Throughout the literature, „recovery‟ was viewed as engagement with services and abstinence from heroin use. It seemed that this conceptualization of recovery was inconsistent with that provided by the latest government policy and that more research is required to discover how people receiving MMT and people working in drug services view recovery from heroin dependence.

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Buster, Marcel Christophorus Andreas. "Prevalence, morbidity and mortality among heroin users and methadone patients". Amsterdam : Amsterdam : Municipal Health Service GG&GD ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2003. http://dare.uva.nl/document/70085.

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Leung, Ka-bo Corrina. "Hong Kong heroin users acquiring and managing the deviant identity /". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/b40203724.

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Ip, Yuen-nar Yon. "Implicit cognition in the prediction of relapse among heroin addicts". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29740344.

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Leung, Ka-bo Corrina, i 梁家寶. "Hong Kong heroin users: acquiring and managing the deviant identity". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40203724.

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Strang, John Stanley. "Changing patterns of heroin use : examination of populations and individuals". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307372.

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Louderback, Hunter. "AN ANALYSIS OF A MULTIVALENT HEROIN AND PRESCRIPTION OPIOID VACCINE". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1458909859.

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Andersson, Pentti. "Determinants of individual vulnerability to heroin addiction : a psychosocial study /". Vasa : Åbo akademi, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb413054682.

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