Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Herbicide resistance

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Herbicide resistance”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 1 sierpnia 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Herbicide resistance"

1

Elezovic, Ibrahim, Dragana Bozic i Sava Vrbnicanin. "Weed resistance to herbicides states: Causes and possibilities of preventive resistance". Pesticidi 18, nr 1 (2003): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pif0301005e.

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Resistance occurs as a result of heritable changes to biochemical processes that enable plant survival when treated with a herbicide. Resistance can result from changes to the herbicides target site such that binding of the herbicide is reduced, or over-expression of the target site may occur. Alternatively, there may be a reduction in the amount of herbicide that reaches the target enzyme through detoxication, sequestration, or reduced absorption of herbicide. Finally, the plant may survive through the ability to protect plant metabolism from toxic compounds produced as a consequence of herbicide action. Herbicide-resistant weeds were predicted shortly after the introduction of herbicides. During the 1970s, many, additional important weed species (e.g., Amaranthus spp., Chennpodium spp., Erigeron canadensis Kochia scoparia, Solanum nigrum, Panicum crus-galli, Senecio vulgaris, Poa annua) were reported to be resistant to triazine herbicides and several other herbicides. Over the last 10 years and now ALS-herbicide-resistant weeds account for the greatest number of resistant species and probably the largest area affected by resistance. In contrast to triazine resistance target-site-based resistance to the ALS-inhibiting herbicides can be conferred by a number of different point mutations. Differences occur in target-site cross-resistance among the different chemical classes of herbicides that inhibit ALS. The differences are related to particular amino acid substitutions that occur within the binding region. Indeed, six different substitutions of Ala, Arg, Glu, Leu, Ser, or Tri for Pro 173 have been observed in different weed populations.
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Rigon, Carlos A. G., Todd A. Gaines, Anita Küpper i Franck E. Dayan. "Metabolism-Based Herbicide Resistance, the Major Threat Among the Non-Target Site Resistance Mechanisms". Outlooks on Pest Management 31, nr 4 (1.08.2020): 162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1564/v31_aug_04.

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Evolution of resistance to pesticides is a problem challenging the sustainability of global food production. Resistance to herbicides is driven by the intense selection pressure imparted by synthetic herbicides on which we rely to manage weeds. Target-site resistance (TSR) mechanisms involve changes to the herbicide target protein and provide resistance only to herbicides within a single mechanism of action. Non-target site resistance (NTSR) mechanisms reduce the quantity of herbicide reaching the target site and/or modify the herbicide. NTSR mechanisms include reduced absorption and/or translocation, increased sequestration, and enhanced metabolic degradation. Of these diverse mechanisms contributing to NTSR, metabolism-based herbicide resistance represents a major threat because it can impart resistance to herbicides from varied chemical classes across any number of mechanisms of action.
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Gaines, Todd A., Stephen O. Duke, Sarah Morran, Carlos A. G. Rigon, Patrick J. Tranel, Anita Küpper i Franck E. Dayan. "Mechanisms of evolved herbicide resistance". Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, nr 30 (19.05.2020): 10307–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.rev120.013572.

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The widely successful use of synthetic herbicides over the past 70 years has imposed strong and widespread selection pressure, leading to the evolution of herbicide resistance in hundreds of weed species. Both target-site resistance (TSR) and nontarget-site resistance (NTSR) mechanisms have evolved to most herbicide classes. TSR often involves mutations in genes encoding the protein targets of herbicides, affecting the binding of the herbicide either at or near catalytic domains or in regions affecting access to them. Most of these mutations are nonsynonymous SNPs, but polymorphisms in more than one codon or entire codon deletions have also evolved. Some herbicides bind multiple proteins, making the evolution of TSR mechanisms more difficult. Increased amounts of protein target, by increased gene expression or by gene duplication, are an important, albeit less common, TSR mechanism. NTSR mechanisms include reduced absorption or translocation and increased sequestration or metabolic degradation. The mechanisms that can contribute to NTSR are complex and often involve genes that are members of large gene families. For example, enzymes involved in herbicide metabolism–based resistances include cytochromes P450, GSH S-transferases, glucosyl and other transferases, aryl acylamidase, and others. Both TSR and NTSR mechanisms can combine at the individual level to produce higher resistance levels. The vast array of herbicide-resistance mechanisms for generalist (NTSR) and specialist (TSR and some NTSR) adaptations that have evolved over a few decades illustrate the evolutionary resilience of weed populations to extreme selection pressures. These evolutionary processes drive herbicide and herbicide-resistant crop development and resistance management strategies.
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Vencill, William K., Robert L. Nichols, Theodore M. Webster, John K. Soteres, Carol Mallory-Smith, Nilda R. Burgos, William G. Johnson i Marilyn R. McClelland. "Herbicide Resistance: Toward an Understanding of Resistance Development and the Impact of Herbicide-Resistant Crops". Weed Science 60, SP1 (2012): 2–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-11-00206.1.

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Development of herbicide-resistant crops has resulted in significant changes to agronomic practices, one of which is the adoption of effective, simple, low-risk, crop-production systems with less dependency on tillage and lower energy requirements. Overall, the changes have had a positive environmental effect by reducing soil erosion, the fuel use for tillage, and the number of herbicides with groundwater advisories as well as a slight reduction in the overall environmental impact quotient of herbicide use. However, herbicides exert a high selection pressure on weed populations, and density and diversity of weed communities change over time in response to herbicides and other control practices imposed on them. Repeated and intensive use of herbicides with the same mechanisms of action (MOA; the mechanism in the plant that the herbicide detrimentally affects so that the plant succumbs to the herbicide; e.g., inhibition of an enzyme that is vital to plant growth or the inability of a plant to metabolize the herbicide before it has done damage) can rapidly select for shifts to tolerant, difficult-to-control weeds and the evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds, especially in the absence of the concurrent use of herbicides with different mechanisms of action or the use of mechanical or cultural practices or both.
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Jones, Eric A. L., i Micheal D. K. Owen. "Investigating the Efficacy of Selected Very-Long-Chain Fatty Acid-Inhibiting Herbicides on Iowa Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) Populations with Evolved Multiple Herbicide Resistances". Agronomy 11, nr 3 (21.03.2021): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11030595.

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Very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA)-inhibiting herbicides (Herbicide group (HG) 15) have been applied to corn and soybean fields in Iowa since the 1960s. The VLCFA-inhibiting herbicides are now applied more frequently to control multiple herbicide-resistant (MHR) waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus Moq. J.D. Sauer) populations that are ubiquitous across the Midwest United States as resistance to the VLCFA-inhibiting herbicides is not widespread. Waterhemp has evolved multiple resistances to herbicides from seven sites of action (HG 2, 4, 5, 9, 14, 15, and 27), and six-way herbicide-resistant populations have been confirmed. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine if selected Iowa waterhemp populations are less sensitive to VLCFA-inhibiting herbicides when additional herbicide resistance traits have evolved within the selected population. Dose–response assays were conducted in a germination chamber to determine the efficacy of three selected VLCFA-inhibiting herbicides (acetochlor, S-metolachlor, and flufenacet) on selected Iowa MHR waterhemp populations. An herbicide-susceptible, three-way, four-way, and five-way herbicide-resistant waterhemp population responded to the herbicide treatments differently; however, several of the four-way and five-way herbicide-resistant populations exhibited resistance ratios greater than 1 when treated with acetochlor and S-metolachlor. Selected four-way herbicide-resistant waterhemp populations from Iowa were subjected to a dose–response assay in the field using the same VLCFA-inhibiting herbicides, and all herbicides achieved control greater than 80% at the maximum labeled rate. The results of the experiments provide evidence that some MHR waterhemp populations may exhibit decreased susceptibility the VLCFA-inhibiting herbicides, but generally, these herbicides remain efficacious on Iowa MHR waterhemp populations.
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Dong, Huirong, Yong Huang i Kejian Wang. "The Development of Herbicide Resistance Crop Plants Using CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Gene Editing". Genes 12, nr 6 (12.06.2021): 912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12060912.

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The rapid increase in herbicide-resistant weeds creates a huge challenge to global food security because it can reduce crop production, causing considerable losses. Combined with a lack of novel herbicides, cultivating herbicide-resistant crops becomes an effective strategy to control weeds because of reduced crop phytotoxicity, and it expands the herbicidal spectrum. Recently developed clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR/Cas)-mediated genome editing techniques enable efficiently targeted modification and hold great potential in creating desired plants with herbicide resistance. In the present review, we briefly summarize the mechanism responsible for herbicide resistance in plants and then discuss the applications of traditional mutagenesis and transgenic breeding in cultivating herbicide-resistant crops. We mainly emphasize the development and use of CRISPR/Cas technology in herbicide-resistant crop improvement. Finally, we discuss the future applications of the CRISPR/Cas system for developing herbicide-resistant crops.
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Walsh, Michael J., Stephen B. Powles, Brett R. Beard, Ben T. Parkin i Sally A. Porter. "Multiple-herbicide resistance across four modes of action in wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum)". Weed Science 52, nr 1 (luty 2004): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-03-016r.

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Populations of wild radish were collected from two fields in the northern Western Australian wheatbelt, where typical herbicide-use patterns had been practiced for the previous 17 seasons within an intensive crop production program. The herbicide resistance status of these populations clearly established that there was multiple-herbicide resistance across many herbicides from at least four modes of action. One population exhibited multiple-herbicide resistance to the phytoene desaturase (PDS)–inhibiting herbicide diflufenican (3.0-fold), the auxin analog herbicide 2,4-D (2.2-fold), and the photosystem II–inhibiting herbicides metribuzin and atrazine. Another population was found to be multiply resistant to the acetolactate synthase–inhibiting herbicides, the PDS-inhibiting herbicide diflufenican (2.5-fold), and the auxin analog herbicide 2,4-D amine (2.4-fold). Therefore, each population has developed multiple-herbicide resistance across several modes of action. The multiple resistance status of these wild radish populations developed from conventional herbicide usage in intensive cropping rotations, indicating a dramatic challenge for the future control of wild radish.
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Manalil, Sudheesh, Roberto Busi, Michael Renton i Stephen B. Powles. "Rapid Evolution of Herbicide Resistance by Low Herbicide Dosages". Weed Science 59, nr 2 (czerwiec 2011): 210–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-10-00111.1.

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Herbicide rate cutting is an example of poor use of agrochemicals that can have potential adverse implications due to rapid herbicide resistance evolution. Recent laboratory-level studies have revealed that herbicides at lower-than-recommended rates can result in rapid herbicide resistance evolution in rigid ryegrass populations. However, crop-field-level studies have until now been lacking. In this study, we examined the impact of low rates of diclofop on the evolution of herbicide resistance in a herbicide-susceptible rigid ryegrass population grown either in a field wheat crop or in potted plants maintained in the field. Subsequent dose–response profiles indicated rapid evolution of diclofop resistance in the selected rigid ryegrass lines from both the crop-field and field pot studies. In addition, there was moderate level of resistance in the selected lines against other tested herbicides to which the population has never been exposed. This resistance evolution was possible because low rates of diclofop allowed substantial rigid ryegrass survivors due to the potential in this cross-pollinated species to accumulate all minor herbicide resistance traits present in the population. The practical lesson from this research is that herbicides should be used at the recommended rates that ensure high weed mortality to minimize the likelihood of minor herbicide resistance traits leading to rapid herbicide resistance evolution.
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Shaner, Dale L. "Lessons Learned From the History of Herbicide Resistance". Weed Science 62, nr 2 (czerwiec 2014): 427–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-13-00109.1.

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The selection of herbicide-resistant weed populations began with the introduction of synthetic herbicides in the late 1940s. For the first 20 years after introduction, there were limited reported cases of herbicide-resistant weeds. This changed in 1968 with the discovery of triazine-resistant common groundsel. Over the next 15 yr, the cases of herbicide-resistant weeds increased, primarily to triazine herbicides. Although triazine resistance was widespread, the resistant biotypes were highly unfit and were easily controlled with specific alternative herbicides. Weed scientists presumed that this would be the case for future herbicide-resistant cases and thus there was not much concern, although the companies affected by triazine resistance were somewhat active in trying to detect and manage resistance. It was not until the late 1980s with the discovery of resistance to Acetyl Co-A carboxylase (ACCase) and acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors that herbicide resistance attracted much more attention, particularly from industry. The rapid evolution of resistance to these classes of herbicides affected many companies, who responded by first establishing working groups to address resistance to specific classes of herbicides, and then by formation of the Herbicide Resistance Action Committee (HRAC). The goal of these groups, in cooperation with academia and governmental agencies, was to act as a forum for the exchange of information on herbicide-resistance selection and to develop guidelines for managing resistance. Despite these efforts, herbicide resistance continued to increase. The introduction of glyphosate-resistant crops in the 1995 provided a brief respite from herbicide resistance, and farmers rapidly adopted this relatively simple and reliable weed management system based on glyphosate. There were many warnings from academia and some companies that the glyphosate-resistant crop system was not sustainable, but this advice was not heeded. The selection of glyphosate resistant weeds dramatically changed weed management and renewed emphasis on herbicide resistance management. To date, the lesson learned from our experience with herbicide resistance is that no herbicide is invulnerable to selecting for resistant biotypes, and that over-reliance on a weed management system based solely on herbicides is not sustainable. Hopefully we have learned that a diverse weed management program that combines multiple methods is the only system that will work for the long term.
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Toubou, Elisavet, Vassiliki Vindena, Christos A. Damalas i Spyridon D. Koutroubas. "Weed control practices and awareness of herbicide resistance among cereal farmers of northern Greece". Weed Technology 34, nr 6 (20.07.2020): 909–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2020.79.

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AbstractKnowledge of weed control practices and farmers’ awareness of herbicide resistance could be a basis for improving weed management programs with respect to herbicide resistance, but research on this topic is limited. This study reports current weed control practices and levels of awareness of herbicide resistance among cereal farmers of northern Greece. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 250 cereal farmers of Evros district, based on a structured questionnaire. Most farmers (82.8%) used herbicides in cereal production, with one application per growing season. Farmers appeared divided with respect to using the same herbicide each year; the majority of the farmers (90.8%) applied crop rotation. Almost half of the farmers (47.2%) did not know what herbicide resistance is, but most farmers (75.1%) felt herbicide resistance would be a problem for them. According to their answers on nine knowledge questions about herbicide resistance, 66.8% of the farmers had good knowledge, and 33.2% had poor knowledge. Almost seven in 10 farmers (69.8%) did not consider herbicide resistance when purchasing an herbicide for use, and only 40.4% were willing to change common weed control practices to prevent herbicide resistance. Awareness of herbicide resistance did not differ by sex; poor awareness levels increased with advanced age, low education levels, and small farm size. Farmers who used chemical weed control had higher awareness levels of herbicide resistance than farmers who never used herbicides. Farmers who were keeping records of herbicide applications, those who observed low efficacy of herbicides in their field, and those who applied crop rotation had high awareness levels of herbicide resistance, whereas farmers who used the same herbicide each year had poor awareness. Findings shed light on inter-relationships between farmers’ awareness of herbicide resistance and current weed control practices that could be useful for targeted extension education.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Herbicide resistance"

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Kershner, Kellan Scott. "Herbicide resistance in grain sorghum". Diss., Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13069.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Agronomy
Kassim Al-Khatib
Mitchell R. Tuinstra
Sorghum acreage is declining throughout the United States because management options and yield have not maintained pace with maize improvements. The most extreme difference has been the absence of herbicide technology development for sorghum over the past twenty years. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the level of resistance, type of inheritance, and causal mutation of wild sorghums that are resistant to either acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicides or acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS)-inhibiting herbicides. ACCase-inhibiting herbicides used in this study were aryloxyphenoxypropionate (APP) family members fluazifop-P and quizalofop-P along with cyclohexanedione (CHD) family members clethodim and sethoxydim. The level of resistance was very high for APP herbicides but low to nonexistent to CHD herbicides. With genetic resistance to APP herbicides, the resistance factors, the ratio of resistance to susceptible, were greater than 54 to 64 for homozygous individuals and greater than 9 to 20 for heterozygous individuals. Resistance to CHD herbicides was very low with resistance factors ranging from one to about five. Genetic segregation studies indicate a single gene is the cause of resistance to APP herbicides. Sequencing identified a single mutation that results in cysteine replacing tryptophan (Trp-2027-Cys). Trp-2027-Cys has previously been reported to provide resistance to APP but not CHD herbicides. The other wild sorghum evaluated in this study was resistant to AHAS-inhibiting herbicides including imidazolinone (IM) family member, imazapyr, and sulfonylurea (SU) family member, nicosulfuron. Resistance factors in this genotype were very high, greater than 770 for the IM herbicide and greater than 500 for the SU herbicide, for both herbicide chemical families. Genetic segregation studies demonstrate that resistance was controlled by one major locus and two modifier loci. DNA sequencing of the AHAS gene identified two mutations, Val-560-Ile and Trp-574-Leu. Val-560-Ile is of unknown importance, but valine and isoleucine are similar and residue 560 is not conserved. Trp-574 is a conserved residue and Leu-574 is a known mutation that provides strong cross resistance to IM and SU herbicides. The results of these studies suggest that these sources of APP, SU, and IM resistance may provide useful herbicide resistance traits for use in sorghum.
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Mansooji, Ali Mohammad. "Herbicide resistance in wild oats, Avena spp". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm289.pdf.

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Maneechote, Chanya. "Mechanisms of herbicide resistance in wild oats (Avena spp.)". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm274.pdf.

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Bibliography : leaves 159-184. This study found at least three mechanisms of resistance to the acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicides. A modified target -site was responsible for moderate and high resistance to herbicides at the whole plant level. Enhanced herbicide metabolism and reduced translocation of herbicide to the target site was observed in one resistant biotype each.
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Iwakami, Satoshi. "Molecular mechanism of resistance in a multiple-herbicide resistant Echinochloa phyllopogon". Kyoto University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/180368.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第17830号
農博第2015号
新制||農||1016(附属図書館)
学位論文||H25||N4787(農学部図書室)
30645
京都大学大学院農学研究科農学専攻
(主査)教授 稲村 達也, 教授 冨永 達, 教授 奥本 裕
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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MacLean, Nancy L. "A study using in vitro selection to develop herbicide resistance in Lotus corniculatus /". Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65376.

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Fleitz, Nicholas J. "COMPARISON OF SOIL-APPLIED AND POSTEMERGENCE HERBICIDES WITH MULTIPLE SITES OF HERBICIDAL ACTIVITY ON TWO POPULATIONS OF HERBICIDE-RESISTANT PALMER AMARANTH IN KENTUCKY". UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/pss_etds/99.

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With the introduction of herbicide resistant Palmer amaranth into Kentucky during the past 10 years there has been an increasing concern for effective control measures in grain production. Field trials were performed in 2016 and 2017 near Barlow and Paris, KY to determine efficacy of chemical control programs targeting herbicide resistant Palmer amaranth. Percent visual control, effects on plant density and plant height were measured in 2016 to determine treatment effectiveness. Treatments containing four different sites of herbicide activity achieved an average of 98% control. Treatments containing only 3, 2 or 1 site of activity only achieved 64%, 45% and 33% control, respectively. Within the long-chain fatty acid inhibitors herbicides in this study, pre-emergent applied pyroxasulfone provided greater control than S-metolachlor or acetochlor. Pyroxasulfone also provided greater control than the photosystem II herbicides atrazine and metribuzin. In 2017 PRE treatments consisting of three-way mixtures of flumioxazin + pyroxasulfone + chlorimuron or S-metolachlor + metribuzin + fomesafen followed by a POST herbicide treatment provided > 90% suppression of Palmer amaranth 4 weeks after trial initiation. Post-emergence treatments containing glyphosate + dicamba or glyphosate + 2,4-D following a soil-applied pre-emergent treatment achieved the most effective season-long control of Palmer amaranth.
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Lagator, Mato. "Experimental evolution of herbicide resistance in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2012. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/56830/.

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Our understanding of the evolutionary dynamics of selection for herbicide resistance is limited by the time and space required to conduct meaningful selection experiments in higher plants. This constrains the study of the dynamics of resistance evolution predominantly to mathematical models. The primary goal of this thesis was to overcome these limitations, and to study the evolutionary phenomena underpinning several management strategies. To do so, a series of experimental evolution studies were conducted using Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a single-­‐cell green chlorophyte susceptible to a range of commercial herbicides. In particular, this thesis explored the impact of herbicide sequences, rotations and mixtures, as well the impact of herbicide dose, on evolution of resistance. Applying herbicides in sequence allowed the study of the impact of environmental perturbation on the dynamics of resistance and the associated fitness costs, finding more rapid selection for resistance to a second and third mode of action in some populations. Cycling between herbicides creates conditions of temporal environmental heterogeneity, the outcomes of which are not easily predictable as resistance was slowed down in some cycling regimes, while in others it accelerated the evolution of resistance or gave rise to cross-­‐resistance. Herbicide mixtures are a management strategy relying on increases in environmental complexity to provide better control of resistance. The results presented show that mixtures were effective at slowing the evolution of resistance when all mixture components were used at fully effective doses, while low doses of mixtures accelerated resistance evolution and led to more cross-­‐resistance. Finally, modifications of the applied herbicide dose allowed the study of local adaptation along an environmental gradient, where the differences in outcomes based on the specific herbicides used were again evident. Overall, the work presented here uses applied scenarios to study the underlying evolutionary phenomena, in order to feed back into the applied thinking.
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Milner, Lucy J. "Herbicide resistance in black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.)". Thesis, Open University, 2002. http://oro.open.ac.uk/54618/.

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Herbicide resistant grass weeds are a growing problem throughout the UK with Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. (black-grass) considered a major problem in winter cereals. Blackgrass control is hindered by the presence of populations resistant to herbicides. Research indicates that resistance in black-grass is due in part to enhanced metabolism involving glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and that increased activities of these enzymes may confer resistance in this species. The work described in this thesis has characterised resistance in black-grass and examined the role GSTs play in herbicide resistance with respect to herbicide application and timing. Characterisation of herbicide resistance in three black-grass populations tested against isoproturon, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, clodinafop-propargyl, sethoxydim, flupyrsulfuron-methyl and AC210 in the glasshouse revealed that the commercially available population, Herbiseed, may be used as a standard susceptible reference population when testing unknown populations. Novel resistance ratings were applied to Herbiseed for future reference. A 2 year study was performed to investigate glutathione S-transferase activity in five UK black-grass populations from field sites situated in the East Midlands. Findings indicate there is a natural elevation of endogenous GST activity in response to black-grass growth and development and natural environmental changes from winter to spring. Clear correlations between GST activity, temperature, solar radiation and sunshine hours have been observed. It is proposed that increasing GST activity is required as part of an antioxidant defence system until tillering (GS30) has ceased. It is speculated that this endogenous change in enzyme activity with plant development in the field contributes to reduced efficacy of some graminicides applied in the spring. Further investigation in a controlled environment focused on the effect of temperature on plant growth and antioxidant status of resistant and susceptible black-grass. Results indicated that temperature has a developmental and metabolic effect on the growth of resistant black-grass plants, which may be critical in the response of plants to herbicide treatment. Increased temperature was accompanied by a natural elevation in endogenous GST activity in resistant plants and changing temperature increased the concentration of antioxidants. It is speculated that these endogenous responses are part of a natural mechanism of acclimation to environmental change in resistant plants of this species and provide protection against subsequent stress such as herbicide treatment. In conclusion, it is postulated that the antioxidant system of black-grass plants is vital for survival under normal plant growth and development and climatic conditions. It is speculated that these endogenous responses are part of a natural mechanism of acclimation to environmental change whilst supporting normal plant development, suggesting that GSTs have direct cytoprotective activity. These observations lend further weight to the suggestion that the development of resistance in black-grass is in part due to evolution and elevation of GST activity. It is speculated that in striving to achieve maximum herbicide efficacy in resistant black-grass populations, the period of environmental change from autumn to winter as temperature decreases, in combination with smaller growth stages of plants would be the best time for graminicide application for black-grass control.
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Dick, Rosemary Elaine. "Microbial degradation of the herbicide glyphosate". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336732.

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Li, Hwei-Yiing. "Mechanisms of action and selectivity of the cyclohexen-one herbicide cycloxydim (BAS 517)". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39985.

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The activity and the selectivity of cycloxydim {2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butylJ-3-hydroxy- 5-(2H-tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl)-2-cyclohexen-l-one}, code designation BAS 517, were examined flIst with etiolated seedlings of com (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Etiolated soybean seedlings were not affected by cycloxydim. The degree of growth inhibition of com varied with concentration of cycloxydim and incubation time. Compared to mesocotyls and coleoptiles, radicles of corn were the most sensitive to cycloxydim. Meristematic tissues appeared to be the site of action of cycloxydim as root meristems were the first to show symptoms. A band of reddening tissue developed at meristematic tips followed by the complete cessation of root growth. In a study comparing activities of technical grade and formulated cycloxydim and sethoxydim, {2-[ l-(ethoxyimino )butyl}- 5-[2-(ethylthio )propy11-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-l-one}, formulated compounds were more potent than the technical grade chemicals without formulation additives. Technical sethoxydim was more potent than technical cycloxydim. Root tips excised from com and soybean seedlings were used subsequently for cycloxydim treatments. The activity and selectivity of cycloxydim expressed at the isolated root tip level were similar to those of cycloxydim bioassayed with whole seedlings. However, root tips appeared to be more sensitive than the whole seedlings. Injury at the tissue and cell levels of the 2-mm root tips that were treated with various concentrations of cycloxydim was examined after 24 hours incubation. Concentrations of 0.1, 1, and 10 μM cycloxydim caused severe cell vacuolization. A gradient of decreasing injury from epidermal cells toward the center of roots was observed. This pattern of injury appeared to reflect the penetration of cycloxydim into roots along a concentration gradient.
Ph. D.
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Książki na temat "Herbicide resistance"

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Ritter, Ronald Lloyd. Understanding herbicide resistance in weeds. Des Plaines, Ill: Sandoz Crop Protection Corp., 1989.

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Karl, Schneider. Herbicide resistance: January 1989 - March 1991. Beltsville, Md: National Agricultural Library, 1991.

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Karl, Schneider. Herbicide resistance, 1970-1986: 257 citations. Beltsville, Md: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library, 1987.

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Himmelstein, F. J. 1996 New England guide to weed control in corn. United States]: Cooperative Extension, 1996.

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Raymond, Dobert. Herbicide tolerance/resistance in plants: April 1991 - March 1994. Beltsville, Md: National Agricultural Library, 1994.

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Raymond, Dobert. Herbicide tolerance/resistance in plants: April 1991 - March 1994. Beltsville, Md: National Agricultural Library, 1994.

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Raymond, Dobert. Herbicide tolerance/resistance in plants: April 1991 - March 1994. Beltsville, Md: National Agricultural Library, 1994.

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B, Powles Stephen, i Holtum Joseph A. M, red. Herbicide resistance in plants: Biology and biochemistry. Boca Raton: Lewis Publishers, 1994.

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Ebing, W., H. Börner, D. Martin, V. Sjut, H. J. Stan i J. Stetter, red. Herbicide Resistance — Brassinosteroids, Gibberellins, Plant Growth Regulators. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48787-3.

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1933-, Adam G., red. Herbicide resistance--brassinosteroids, gibberellins, plant growth regulators. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1991.

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Części książek na temat "Herbicide resistance"

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Owen, Micheal D. K. "Herbicide Resistance". W Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, 159–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02391-0_9.

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Warwick, S., i B. Miki. "Herbicide Resistance". W Brassica, 273–95. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06164-0_14.

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Friesen, L. J. Shane, i J. Christopher Hall. "Herbicide Resistance". W Weed Biology and Management, 211–25. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0552-3_10.

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Peterson, Joan M. "Herbicide Resistance Screening Assay". W Methods in Molecular Biology, 137–46. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-494-0_12.

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Comstock, Gary L. "Against Herbicide Resistance (1990)". W Vexing Nature?, 35–93. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1397-1_3.

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Darmency, Henri, TianYu Wang i Christophe Délye. "Herbicide Resistance in Setaria". W Genetics and Genomics of Setaria, 251–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45105-3_15.

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Das, Saubhik. "Weed and Herbicide Resistance". W Amaranthus: A Promising Crop of Future, 95–98. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1469-7_6.

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Kemp, Malcolm S., Stephen R. Moss i Tudor H. Thomas. "Herbicide Resistance inAlopecurus myosuroides". W ACS Symposium Series, 376–93. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1990-0421.ch026.

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Moss, Stephen. "Herbicide Resistance in Weeds". W Weed Research, 181–214. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119380702.ch7.

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Beckie, Hugh J., i Sara L. Martin. "Monitoring herbicide resistance gene flow in weed populations." W Gene flow: monitoring, modeling and mitigation, 86–102. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247480.0006.

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Abstract Although herbicide-resistant (HR) weeds can be regularly monitored in fields via surveys, areawide monitoring of both cropland and ruderal (non-crop disturbed) areas is required for species with high propagule mobility. With increasing occurrence of HR weed populations in many agro-ecoregions, the relative contribution of independent evolution through herbicide selection and movement of HR alleles via pollen or seed needs to be elucidated to inform management and help preserve the remaining public good and common resource of herbicide susceptibility. Molecular markers available for many weed species can be utilized to assess regional gene flow accurately. In this chapter, we outline recommended principles and protocols for areawide monitoring of herbicide resistance gene flow in weed populations, exemplified by a case study of glyphosate resistance in kochia (Bassia scoparia A.J. Scott syn. Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad.) in western Canada. Since being introduced from Eurasia to the Americas over a century ago, both seed- and pollen-mediated gene flow in the species have aided rapid range expansion and the spread of herbicide resistance.
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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Herbicide resistance"

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Owen, Micheal D. K. "Herbicide Resistance". W Proceedings of the First Annual Crop Production and Protection Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-359.

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Hartzler, Bob. "Herbicide Resistance Update". W Proceedings of the 1995 Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-598.

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Owen, Michael D. K. "Herbicide Resistance in Crops and Weeds". W Proceedings of the First Annual Crop Production and Protection Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-328.

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Tranel, Patrick J. "Herbicide resistance in waterhemp: Past, present, and future". W Proceedings of the 21st Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-65.

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Hager, Aaron G. "Herbicide resistance: Experiences east of the Mississippi River". W Proceedings of the 28th Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-204.

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Owen, Micheal D. K. "Pest resistance: Overall principles and implications on evolved herbicide resistance in Iowa". W Proceedings of the 24th Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-127.

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Br. Nambela, Junita. "Resistance Test Eleusine Indica L. Gaertn On Glyphosate Herbicide". W Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Environment and Sustainability Issues, ICESI 2019, 18-19 July 2019, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. EAI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.18-7-2019.2290308.

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"Does adding a spatial component to a herbicide resistance population model improve understanding and predictions of the buildup of herbicide resistance over time?" W 21st International Congress on Modelling and Simulation (MODSIM2015). Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2015.b4.somerville.

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Hartzler, Bob. "Evaluating Weed Management Programs for the Development of Herbicide Resistance". W Proceedings of the First Annual Crop Production and Protection Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-393.

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Owen, Micheal D. K. "Weed Management 2005: Weed Shifts, Herbicide Resistance, Issues and Opportunities". W Proceedings of the 13th Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-787.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Herbicide resistance"

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Grene Alscher, Ruth, Jonathan Gressel, Carole Cramer, Abraham Warshawsky i Elizabeth Grabau. Mechanisms of Oxidant Resistance in Weed and Crop Species. United States Department of Agriculture, marzec 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7613041.bard.

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A large body of evidence has accumulated showing that plant strains that are tolerant to a particular oxidant stress have a modicum of cross-tolerance to other oxidant stresses, whether caused by transient heat, drought, cold or oxidizing air pollutants or herbicides. We have studied a multienzyme scavenging system associated with oxidant tolerance at the metabolic and molecular levels in the model systems of pea and Conyza. Data from our experimental systems suggest that both development and subcellular compartmentalization play important roles in stress tolerance. The behavior of the chloroplast may differ from that of the cytosol. Further study of these controls is needed to acquire the understanding needed to generate oxidant stress tolerant field crops.
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Delmer, Deborah, i Derek Lamport. Induced Plant Cell Wall Modification: Analysis of Herbicide-Resistant Tomato Cells Processing Altered Cell Wall Composition. United States Department of Agriculture, wrzesień 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1990.7603793.bard.

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Norelli, John L., Moshe Flaishman, Herb Aldwinckle i David Gidoni. Regulated expression of site-specific DNA recombination for precision genetic engineering of apple. United States Department of Agriculture, marzec 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7587214.bard.

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Objectives: The original objectives of this project were to: 1) evaluate inducible promoters for the expression of recombinase in apple (USDA-ARS); 2) develop alternative selectable markers for use in apple to facilitate the positive selection of gene excision by recombinase (Cornell University); 3) compare the activity of three different recombinase systems (Cre/lox, FLP/FRT, and R/RS)in apple using a rapid transient assay (ARO); and 4) evaluate the use of recombinase systems in apple using the best promoters, selectable markers and recombinase systems identified in 1, 2 and 3 above (Collaboratively). Objective 2 was revised from the development alternative selectable markers, to the development of a marker-free selection system for apple. This change in approach was taken due to the inefficiency of the alternative markers initially evaluated in apple, phosphomannose-isomerase and 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate phosphatase, and the regulatory advantages of a marker-free system. Objective 3 was revised to focus primarily on the FLP/FRT recombinase system, due to the initial success obtained with this recombinase system. Based upon cooperation between researchers (see Achievements below), research to evaluate the use of the FLP recombinase system under light-inducible expression in apple was then conducted at the ARO (Objective 4). Background: Genomic research and genetic engineering have tremendous potential to enhance crop performance, improve food quality and increase farm profits. However, implementing the knowledge of genomics through genetically engineered fruit crops has many hurdles to be overcome before it can become a reality in the orchard. Among the most important hurdles are consumer concerns regarding the safety of transgenics and the impact this may have on marketing. The goal of this project was to develop plant transformation technologies to mitigate these concerns. Major achievements: Our results indicate activity of the FLP\FRTsite-specific recombination system for the first time in apple, and additionally, we show light- inducible activation of the recombinase in trees. Initial selection of apple transformation events is conducted under dark conditions, and tissue cultures are then moved to light conditions to promote marker excision and plant development. As trees are perennial and - cross-fertilization is not practical, the light-induced FLP-mediated recombination approach shown here provides an alternative to previously reported chemically induced recombinase approaches. In addition, a method was developed to transform apple without the use of herbicide or antibiotic resistance marker genes (marker free). Both light and chemically inducible promoters were developed to allow controlled gene expression in fruit crops. Implications: The research supported by this grant has demonstrated the feasibility of "marker excision" and "marker free" transformation technologies in apple. The use of these safer technologies for the genetic enhancement of apple varieties and rootstocks for various traits will serve to mitigate many of the consumer and environmental concerns facing the commercialization of these improved varieties.
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Aly, Radi, James H. Westwood i Carole L. Cramer. Novel Approach to Parasitic Weed Control Based on Inducible Expression of Cecropin in Transgenic Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, maj 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586467.bard.

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Our overall goal was to engineer crop plants with enhanced resistance to Orobanche (broomrape) based on the inducible expression of sarcotoxin-like peptide (SLP). A secondary objective was to localize small proteins such as SLP in the host-parasite union in order to begin characterizing the mechanism of SLP toxicity to Orobanche. We have successfully accomplished both of these objectives and have demonstrated that transgenic tobacco plants expressing SLP under control of the HMG2 promoter show enhanced resistance to O. aegyptiaca and O. ramosa . Furthermore, we have shown that proteins much larger than the SLP move into Orobanche tubercles from the host root via either symplastic or apoplastic routes. This project was initiated with the finding that enhanced resistance to Orobanche could be conferred on tobacco, potato, and tomato by expression of SLP (Sarcotoxin IA is a 40-residue peptide produced as an antibiotic by the flesh fly, Sarcophaga peregrina ) under the control of a low-level, root-specific promoter. To improve the level of resistance, we linked the SLP gene to the promoter from HMG2, which is strongly inducible by Orobanche as it parasitizes the host. The resulting transgenic plants express SLP and show increased resistance to Orobanche. Resistance in this case is manifested by increased growth and yield of the host in the presence of the parasite as compared to non-transgenic plants, and decreased parasite growth. The mechanism of resistance appears to operate post-attachment as the parasite tubercles attached to the transgenic root plants turned necrotic and failed to develop normally. Studies examining the movement of GFP (approximately 6X the size of SLP) produced in tobacco roots showed accumulation of green fluorescence in tubercles growing on transformed plants but not in those growing on wild-type plants. This accumulation occurs regardless of whether the GFP is targeted to the cytoplasm (translocated symplastically) or the apoplastic space (translocated in xylem). Plants expressing SLP appear normal as compared to non-transgenic plants in the absence of Orobanche, so there is no obvious unintended impact on the host plant from SLP expression. This project required the creation of several gene constructs and generation of many transformed plant lines in order to address the research questions. The specific objectives of the project were to: 1. Make gene constructs fusing Orobanche-inducible promoter sequences to either the sarcotoxin-like peptide (SLP) gene or the GFP reporter gene. 2. Create transgenic plants containing gene constructs. 3. Characterize patterns of transgene expression and host-to-parasite movement of gene products in tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) and Arabidopsis thaliana (L.). 4. Characterize response of transgenic potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) and tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill .) to Orobanche in lab, greenhouse, and field. Objectives 1 and 2 were largely accomplished during the first year during Dr. Aly's sabbatical visit to Virginia Tech. Transforming and analyzing plants with all the constructs has taken longer than expected, so efforts have concentrated on the most important constructs. Work on objective 4 has been delayed pending the final results of analysis on tobacco and Arabidopsis transgenic plants. The implications of this work are profound, because the Orobanche spp. is an extremely destructive weed that is not controlled effectively by traditional cultural or herbicidal weed control strategies. This is the first example of engineering resistance to parasitic weeds and represents a unique mode of action for selective control of these weeds. This research highlights the possibility of using this technique for resistance to other parasitic species and demonstrates the feasibility of developing other novel strategies for engineering resistance to parasitic weeds.
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