Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Hemp

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Hemp”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 30 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Hemp"

Stoller, Joyce. "Hemp, Hemp, Hooray!" Monthly Review 47, nr 10 (7.03.1996): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14452/mr-047-10-1996-03_7.

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Vahanvaty, Umme Salma. "Hemp Seed and Hemp Milk". ICAN: Infant, Child, & Adolescent Nutrition 1, nr 4 (sierpień 2009): 232–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941406409342121.

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Gibson, Kenyon. "Hemp Peppers, Chèvre Chanvré, Hemp Parmesan Croutons, Hemp Courgette Rolls". Journal of Industrial Hemp 12, nr 1 (18.05.2007): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j237v12n01_08.

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Addlesperger, Elisa. "Hemp". Journal of Agricultural & Food Information 16, nr 3 (3.07.2015): 196–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10496505.2015.1050323.

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Schluttenhofer, Craig, i Ling Yuan. "Hemp hemp hooray for cannabis research". Science 363, nr 6428 (14.02.2019): 701.2–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw3537.

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Augustyńska-Prejsnar, Anna, Jadwiga Topczewska, Małgorzata Ormian i Zofia Sokołowicz. "Quality of Poultry Roast Enriched with Hemp Seeds, Hemp Oil, and Hemp Flour". Foods 11, nr 23 (3.12.2022): 3907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11233907.

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The aim of this study was to add natural hemp components to poultry roast recipes, to enhance their quality (physical, chemical, and sensory qualities of the product). Two variants of poultry roast (group P1 and P2) with a 10.2% addition of hemp components and a traditional equivalent with the participation of animal fat (group K) were tested. In the roast of group P1, the share of hemp seeds was 8%, hemp flour 0.2%, and hemp oil 2%; while in group P2, the proportions were 4%, 0.2%, and 6%, respectively. Roasts with hemp components were found to be characterized by a darker color; lower cooking losses; higher fiber content, and lower cholesterol and fat content; a favorable fatty acid ratio PUFA; n-3 and n-6; and acceptable sensory characteristics compared to the control group. Products with a higher (8%) share of hemp seeds contained more protein and fiber and were characterized by a higher degree of yellow saturation (b*), lower cooking losses after heat treatment, and a higher desirability of taste and better binding. Products in group P2, with a higher (6%) hemp oil content, had a lower cholesterol content and a lower proportion of SFA fatty acids and a higher proportion of omega-3 fatty acids, but were assessed as rated lower in terms of taste and binding.

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Vantreese, Valerie L. "Hemp Support". Journal of Industrial Hemp 7, nr 2 (czerwiec 2002): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j237v07n02_03.

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Amaducci, Stefano. "HEMP-SYS". Journal of Industrial Hemp 8, nr 2 (marzec 2003): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j237v08n02_06.

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Gibson, Kenyon. "Hemp Paper". Journal of Industrial Hemp 12, nr 2 (30.11.2007): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j237v12n02_08.

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Talla, Aimé Fotso S., Fouad Erchiqui, Duygu Kocaefe i Hamid Kaddami. "Effect of Hemp Fiber on PET/Hemp Composites". Journal of Renewable Materials 2, nr 4 (9.12.2014): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.7569/jrm.2014.634122.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Hemp"

Kärkkäinen, Ela, Åsa Älgbrant i Simon Kronberg. "Fibres from agricultural hemp waste". Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-26573.

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There is an increasing demand for natural fibres in the textile industry as a consequence of the negative impact of the industry on the environment. Svensk Hampaindustri (SHI) is currently growing hemp in Sweden for its seeds. This leaves residue in the form of hemp stems that could be processed for textile products. Today this residue material is not used for anything, however there is a desire that it could be used for added value. This study investigates the possibility of extracting fibres from the hemp residue mechanically and using them in applications. Hemp, a variety of Cannabis sativa L., is a multipurpose low-input crop cultivated for its seeds, fibres and hurds. Hemp fibre is a bast fibre, derived from the plant’s outer stem tissues. To extract hemp fibres from hemp stems, the first step is to separate the fibre bundles from the other, non-fibrous parts of the stem. This process is done using various mechanical methods. In order to ease the separation, hemp stems are retted. Retting is a biological process that uses enzymatic activities to degrade the pectins and thus making the separation easier. Retting is one of the most considerable challenges towards a wider use of hemp fibres. Water retting offers high fibre-quality but consumes high amounts of water and causes effluents in the wastewater. Dew retting offers a high fibre yield and low labour costs but will result in a lower fibre-quality. Alternative methods that can contribute with a more consistent fibre yield and quality are available, but with an economic uncertainty for the farmers that limits the competitiveness of the hemp fibre. The hemp material provided by SHI was unretted and needed to be broken down by means of mechanical processing in order to extract the fibres. This was done using a domestic blender. The crushed material was then carded using a hand carding machine to achieve oriented and clean fibres. The obtained fibres were then evaluated for their length and fineness. Three different types of nonwoven were made using the hemp fibres: NW1, NW2 and NW3. NW1 consists of 100% hemp, whereas NW2 and NW3 are 80/20 blends of hemp and PLA. NW1 was needle punched, NW2 was thermally bonded and NW3 was manufactured by both thermal bonding and needle punching. The produced nonwovens were evaluated by their air permeability, thermal conductivity, sound absorption, drapability and tensile strength. The results from the study showed that it is possible to extract unretted fibres using mechanical methods. The fibres are quite coarse and therefore more suitable for industrial applications. The different production methods for the nonwovens gave different results which supports the diversity of hemp applications. This study suggests that the residue should be used rather than be disposed of.

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Islam, Mohammad Saiful. "The Influence of Fibre Processing and Treatments on Hemp Fibre/Epoxy and Hemp Fibre/PLA Composites". The University of Waikato, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2627.

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In recent years, due to growing environmental awareness, considerable attention has been given to the development and production of natural fibre reinforced polymer (both thermoset and thermoplastic) composites. The main objective of this study was to reinforce epoxy and polylactic acid (PLA) with hemp fibre to produce improved composites by optimising the fibre treatment methods, composite processing methods, and fibre/matrix interfacial bonding. An investigation was conducted to obtain a suitable fibre alkali treatment method to: (i) remove non-cellulosic fibre components such as lignin (sensitive to ultra violet (UV) radiation) and hemicelluloses (sensitive to moisture) to improve long term composites stability (ii) roughen fibre surface to obtain mechanical interlocking with matrices (iii)expose cellulose hydroxyl groups to obtain hydrogen and covalent bonding with matrices (iv) separate the fibres from their fibre bundles to make the fibre surface available for bonding with matrices (v) retain tensile strength by keeping fibre damage to a minimum level and (vi) increase crystalline cellulose by better packing of cellulose chains to enhance the thermal stability of the fibres. An empirical model was developed for fibre tensile strength (TS) obtained with different treatment conditions (different sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium sulphite (Na2SO3) concentrations, treatment temperatures, and digestion times) by a partial factorial design. Upon analysis of the alkali fibre treatments by single fibre tensile testing (SFTT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), zeta potential measurements, differential thermal analysis/thermogravimetric analysis (DTA/TGA), wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXRD), lignin analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, a treatment consisting of 5 wt% NaOH and 2 wt% Na2SO3 concentrations, with a treatment temperature of 120oC and a digestion time of 60 minutes, was found to give the best combination of the required properties. This alkali treatment produced fibres with an average TS and Young's modulus (YM) of 463 MPa and 33 GPa respectively. The fibres obtained with the optimised alkali treatment were further treated with acetic anhydride and phenyltrimethoxy silane. However, acetylated and silane treated fibres were not found to give overall performance improvement. Cure kinetics of the neat epoxy (NE) and 40 wt% untreated fibre/epoxy (UTFE) composites were studied and it was found that the addition of fibres into epoxy resin increased the reaction rate and decreased the curing time. An increase in the nucleophilic activity of the amine groups in the presence of fibres is believed to have increased the reaction rate of the fibre/epoxy resin system and hence reduced the activation energies compared to NE. The highest interfacial shear strength (IFSS) value for alkali treated fibre/epoxy (ATFE) samples was 5.2 MPa which was larger than the highest value of 2.7 MPa for UTFE samples supporting that there was a stronger interface between alkali treated fibre and epoxy resin. The best fibre/epoxy bonding was found for an epoxy to curing agent ratio of 1:1 (E1C1) followed by epoxy to curing agent ratios of 1:1.2 (E1C1.2), 1: 0.8 (E1C0.8), and finally for 1:0.6 (E1C0.6). Long and short fibre reinforced epoxy composites were produced with various processing conditions using vacuum bag and compression moulding. A 65 wt% untreated long fibre/epoxy (UTLFE) composite produced by compression moulding at 70oC with a TS of 165 MPa, YM of 17 GPa, flexural strength of 180 MPa, flexural modulus of 10.1 GPa, impact energy (IE) of 14.5 kJ/m2, and fracture toughness (KIc) of 5 MPa.m1/2 was found to be the best in contrast to the trend of increased IFSS for ATFE samples. This is considered to be due to stress concentration as a result of increased fibre/fibre contact with the increased fibre content in the ATFE composites compared to the UTFE composites. Hygrothermal ageing of 65 wt% untreated and alkali treated long and short fibre/epoxy composites (produced by curing at 70oC) showed that long fibre/epoxy composites were more resistant than short fibre/epoxy composites and ATFE composites were more resistant than UTFE composites towards hygrothermal ageing environments as revealed from diffusion coefficients and tensile, flexural, impact, fracture toughness, SEM, TGA, and WAXRD test results. Accelerated ageing of 65 wt% UTLFE and alkali treated long fibre/epoxy (ATLFE) composites (produced by curing at 70oC) showed that ATLFE composites were more resistant than UTLFE composites towards hygrothermal ageing environments as revealed from tensile, flexural, impact, KIc, SEM, TGA, WAXRD, FTIR test results. IFSS obtained with untreated fibre/PLA (UFPLA) and alkali treated fibre/PLA (ATPLA) samples showed that ATPLA samples had greater IFSS than that of UFPLA samples. The increase in the formation of hydrogen bonding and mechanical interlocking of the alkali treated fibres with PLA could be responsible for the increased IFSS for ATPLA system compared to UFPLA system. Long and short fibre reinforced PLA composites were also produced with various processing conditions using compression moulding. A 32 wt% alkali treated long fibre PLA composite produced by film stacking with a TS of 83 MPa, YM of 11 GPa, flexural strength of 143 MPa, flexural modulus of 6.5 GPa, IE of 9 kJ/m2, and KIc of 3 MPa.m1/2 was found to be the best. This could be due to the better bonding of the alkali treated fibres with PLA. The mechanical properties of this composite have been found to be the best compared to the available literature. Hygrothermal and accelerated ageing of 32 wt% untreated and alkali treated long fibre/PLA composites ATPLA composites were more resistant than UFPLA composites towards hygrothermal and accelerated ageing environments as revealed from diffusion coefficients and tensile, flexural, impact, KIc, SEM, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), WAXRD, and FTIR results. Increased potential hydrogen bond formation and mechanical interlocking of the alkali treated fibres with PLA could be responsible for the increased resistance of the ATPLA composites. Based on the present study, it can be said that the performance of natural fibre composites largely depend on fibre properties (e.g. length and orientation), matrix properties (e.g. cure kinetics and crystallinity), fibre treatment and processing methods, and composite processing methods.

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Korte, Sandra. "Processing-Property Relationships of Hemp Fibre". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mechanical Engineering, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1175.

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There is great interest in the plant Cannabis sativa (hemp) as a source of technical fibres for the reinforcement of polymers in composite materials due to its high mechanical properties. As a natural fibre hemp also offers biodegradabilty and is therefore an inexpensive and renewable alternative to glass fibres However, the environmental benefits of natural fibres cannot be fully exploited if the manufacturing of their composites involves polluting processing steps. Unfortunately, there is still a lack of environmetally sustainable processing methods yielding technical fibres of sufficient quality. Enzyme application as a biotechnological processing method is a good candidate for this aim and is therefore actively investigated at present. In this work the effects of a range of enzymes on the morphological, compositional and mechanical properties of hemp was investigated. The enzymes were firstly characterised and then applied to hemp fibre for differing periods of time. After visual inspection, a set of fibre samples were selected and subjected to further analysis by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), tensile testing and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The commercial formulation PectinexÂ® Ultra-SL emerged as the most efficient in terms of treatment time and fibre quality. The effectiveness of treatments was further investigated by developing a novel experimental method that correlates the adhesion forces measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM) on the fibre surface to the properties of the fibres or composites. In order to identify correlations between the adhesion forces and fibre or composite properties, hemp fibre was subjected to four distinctly different treatments to obtain significant differences between fibre properties. The fibres and composites were then analyzed using a combination of FTIR, tensile testing, 3-point bend testing, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and SEM. Based on this comprehensive dataset the AFM data was correlated using the software SPSS. The information derived from AFM (adhesion forces and surface topology) was useful in the clarification of fibre modifications evoked by the treatments.

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Patel, Harish. "Hemp fibre reinforced sheet moulding compounds". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2012. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8783.

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Glass fibres are by far the most extensively used fibre reinforcement in thermosetting composites because of their excellent cost-performance ratio. However, glass fibres have some disadvantages such as non- renewability and problems with ultimate disposal at the end of a materials lifetime since they cannot be completely thermally incinerated. The possibility of replacing E-glass fibres with hemp fibres as reinforcement in sheet moulding compounds (SMC) is examined in this thesis. The composites are manufactured with existing SMC processing techniques and similar resin formulation as used in the commercial industry. An attempt is made to enhance/optimise the mechanical properties of hemp/polyester composites. For this the fibre-matrix interface is modified via chemical modifications with alkaline and silane treatments. Influence of hemp fibre volume fraction, calcium carbonate (CaCO3)filler content and fibre-matrix interface modification on the mechanical properties of hemp fibre-mat-reinforced sheet moulding compounds (H-SMC) is studied. The results of H-SMC composites are compared to E-glass fibre-reinforced sheet moulding compounds (G-SMC). In order to get a better insight in the importance of these different parameters for the optimisation of composite performance, the experimental results are compared with theoretical predictions made using modified micromechanical models such as Cox-Krenchel and Kelly- Tyson for random short-fibre-reinforced composites. These models are supplemented with parameters of composite porosity to improve the prediction of natural fibre composite tensile properties. The influence of impact damage on the residual exural strength of the H-SMC composites is investigated to improve the understanding of impact response of natural fibre reinforced composites. The result of penetration and absorbed energies during non-penetrating impact of H-SMC composites are investigated and compared to values for G-SMC. A simple mechanistic model has been developed for H-SMC composites and is used to get an insight into the impact behaviour of these composite as well as to provide a guideline to compare the experimental results with theoretically calculated data. The fracture toughness properties in terms of the critical-stress-intensity factor KIc, and critical strain energy release rate, GIc, of H-SMC and G-SMC composites are studied using the compact tension (CT) method. It was shown that fracture toughness of H-SMC composites is significantly lower than that of glass fibre reinforced composites (G- SMC). However, results show that with an optimum combination of fibre volume fraction, (CaCO3) filler and surface treatment of the hemp fibres can result in H-SMC composites that have fracture toughness properties that can be exploited for low to medium range engineering applications. It is recommended that to further improve the fracture toughness properties of these natural fibre reinforced composites more research needs to be devoted to the optimization of the fibre-matrix interface properties and ways of reducing porosity content in these composites. Finally, environmental impact of H-SMC composite with conventional G-SMC composite for automotive and non-automotive applications was compared. The composites were assumed to be made in a traditional SMC manufacturing method. Two different types of performance requirements; i.e. stiffness and strength were investigated for both the non-automotive and automotive parts. Two different disposal scenarios: landfill and incineration of the SMC product at the end of life was considered. The LCA results demonstrate that the environmental impact of H-SMC composites is lower than the reference G-SMC composites. G-SMC composites have a significantly higher environmental impact on climate change, acidification and fossil fuels than H-SMC composites. Where as H-SMC composites have a much higher impact on land use and ecotoxicity than G-SMC composites.

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Dasong, Dai. "Hemp nanocellulose : fabrication, characterisation and application". Thesis, Brunel University, 2015. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/11311.

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Nanocellulose has gained lots of attentions in recent years due to the development of nanotechnology. Thousands of publications have been reported about the fabrication, characterization and application of nanocellulose, among which most of the nanocelluloses were fabricated from the microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) or pulp, and only two methods about the nanocellulose fabrication have been reported, i.e. sulphuric acid hydrolysis and mechanical treatment. The sulphuric acid method can only obtain low yield of nanocellulose and the mechanical treatment can not fabricate nanocellulose with high crystallinity index (CI) and well separation. These problems limit the scale up of nanocellulose to industrial area. Moreover, none of works has reported the application of nanocellulose for the modification of natural fibres and only a few works reported the reinforcement of epoxy with nanocellulose. In this this research, we fabricated nanocellulose directly from hemp fibres by employing oxidation/sonication method with the aim to solve the main problems of nanocellulose fabrication with sulphuric acid hydrolysis or mechanical. By using this method the yield of nanocellulose could up to 54.11 % and the crystallinity of nanocellulose was 86.59 %. In order to expand the application of nanocellulose, we investigated the modification of natural fibres (hemp) with nanocellulose and the fabrication of nanocomposite. Two-step modification, i.e. dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) pretreatment and nanocellulose modification, was used to modify hemp fibres. In this process, we systematically investigated the deformation of hemp fibres, revealed the mechanism of deformation on the mechanical property of single fibre by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and investigated the effect of deformation on the hemp fibre modification with nanocellulose by using energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The two-step modification increased the mechanical properties of hemp fibres significantly. Compared with raw hemp fibres, the modulus, tensile stress and tensile strain of the two-step nanocellulose modified hemp fibres increase by 36.13 %, 72.80 % and 67.89 %, respectively. Moreover, two-step modification facilitated the improvement of interfacial property of fibres. This novel natural fibre modification provides new clue to exploit nanocellulose as a green chemical agent for natural fibres modification. We modified nanocellulose by using curing agent of epoxy---diethylenetriamine (DETA). This modification could increase the dispersity of nanocellulose in epoxy and reinforce epoxy. Compared with epoxy, the modulus, tensile stress and tensile strain of the modified nanocellulose/epoxy nanocomposite increased 1.42 %, 15.44 % and 27.47 %, respectively.

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Britt, Kadie Elizabeth. "Insect pest management in hemp in Virginia". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103014.

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For the first time in many decades, a hemp pilot program was initiated in Virginia in 2016. Outdoor surveys were conducted in the 2017 and 2018 field seasons to record insect presence and feeding injury to plants. Multiple insect pests were present, including corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea [Boddie]) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys [Stål]) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), and cannabis aphid (Phorodon cannabis) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). In 2019, indoor production surveys revealed that cannabis aphid, twospotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae), and hemp russet mite (Aculops cannabicola [Farkas]) (Acari: Eriophyidae) would likely cause production issues. Very little is known about the impact of insect defoliation in hemp so studies were conducted in 2018-2020 to determine impacts on yield and cannabinoid content of grain and cannabinoid variety hemp due to leaf surface area loss. In Virginia over two growing seasons, manual removal of leaf tissue in grain and CBD cultivars did not significantly impact observable effects on physical yield (seed or bud weight) or cannabinoid content (CBD or THC) at time of harvest. Corn earworm is the major pest of hemp produced outdoors and studies occurred to evaluate monitoring and management strategies. Pheromone traps may be valuable in determining when corn earworm moths are present in the vicinity of hemp fields but are not useful in predicting larval presence in buds or final crop damage. Larval presence and final crop damage are related. Brown marmorated stink bug does not appear to be a concern in hemp, at least at this time.
Doctor of Philosophy
For the first time in many decades, a hemp pilot program was initiated in Virginia in 2016. Outdoor surveys were conducted in the 2017 and 2018 field seasons to record insect presence and feeding injury to plants. Multiple insect pests were present, including corn earworm, brown marmorated stink bug, and cannabis aphid. In 2019, indoor production surveys revealed that cannabis aphid, twospotted spider mite, and hemp russet mite would likely cause production issues. Very little is known about the impact of leaf area loss due to insect feeding in hemp so studies were conducted in 2018-2020 to determine impacts on yield and cannabinoid content of grain and cannabinoid variety hemp due to leaf surface area loss. In Virginia over two growing seasons, manual removal of leaf tissue in grain and CBD cultivars did not significantly impact observable effects on physical yield (seed or bud weight) or cannabinoid content (CBD or THC) at time of harvest. Corn earworm is the major pest of hemp produced outdoors and studies occurred to evaluate monitoring and management strategies. Pheromone traps may be valuable in determining when corn earworm moths are present in the vicinity of hemp fields but are not useful in predicting larval presence in buds or final crop damage. Larval presence and final crop damage are related. Brown marmorated stink bug does not appear to be a concern in hemp, at least at this time.

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Beckermann, Gareth. "Performance of Hemp-Fibre Reinforced Polypropylene Composite Materials". The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2543.

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Increasing worldwide environmental awareness is encouraging scientific research into the development of cheaper, more environmentally friendly and more sustainable construction and packaging materials. Natural fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites are strong, stiff, lightweight and recyclable, and have the potential to meet this need. Industrial hemp fibre is amongst the strongest of the natural fibres available, and possesses a similar specific stiffness to E-glass, but with additional benefits such as low cost and low production energy requirements. The favourable mechanical properties of hemp, however, have yet to be transferred successfully to thermoplastic-matrix composite materials. The aim of this thesis was to achieve a greater understanding of the various parameters that contribute to composite strength and stiffness, and to manipulate these parameters in order to produce an improved hemp fibre reinforced polypropylene composite material. Hemp fibre was alkali treated at elevated temperatures in a small pressure vessel with either a solution of 10wt% NaOH or 5wt% NaOH / 2wt% Na2SO3. Single fibre tensile tests were performed on treated and untreated fibres, and it was found that the NaOH/Na2SO3 treatment produced the strongest and stiffest fibres with a good level of fibre separation. Lignin tests revealed that both alkali treatments were effective in the removal of lignin from hemp fibre, and XRD analysis showed that both alkali treatments resulted in increases in the hemp fibre crystallinity index. TGA and DTA analysis showed that the alkali fibre treatments improved the thermal stability of the treated hemp fibre when compared to the untreated fibre. Alkali treated hemp fibre, polypropylene and a maleic anhydride modified polypropylene (MAPP) coupling agent were compounded in a twin-screw extruder, and injection moulded into composite tensile test specimens. A range of composites with different fibre and MAPP contents were produced and tested. Tensile tests revealed that the optimum composite consisted of polypropylene with 40wt% NaOH/Na2SO3 treated hemp fibre and 4wt% MAPP, and had a tensile strength of 50.5 MPa and a Young's modulus of 5.31 GPa, respectively. The effect of MAPP on the fibre/matrix interface of NaOH/Na2SO3 treated hemp fibre/polypropylene composites was assessed by means of the single fibre fragmentation test. A composite consisting of NaOH/Na2SO3 treated fibres in a matrix of 4wt% MAPP and polypropylene was found to have a critical fibre length of 0.83mm and an interfacial shear strength of 16.1 MPa. The effects of MAPP on the composite fracture mechanisms were evaluated by means of SEM microscopy. TGA and DTA analysis showed that untreated hemp fibre composites and NaOH/Na2SO3 treated hemp fibre composites, each with a matrix of 4% MAPP and polypropylene, were less thermally stable than the polypropylene matrix alone. The Bowyer-Bader model was used to model the strength of an injection moulded composite with a normal fibre length distribution, consisting of 40wt% NaOH/Na2SO3 treated fibre, 4% MAPP and polypropylene. A theoretical composite tensile strength of 149 MPa was obtained from the model, based on the assumption that all the fibres were axially aligned in the composite. Composites with long, axially aligned fibres were produced using a novel solution mixing technique, where the polymer matrix and MAPP coupling agent were dissolved in a solvent and then precipitated inside an aligned fibre mat. Significant improvements in tensile strength and Young's modulus were achieved for solution mixed composites compared to composites produced by means of extrusion and injection moulding. The strongest solution mixed composite had a tensile strength of 84.7 MPa, and consisted of 56wt% NaOH/Na2SO3 treated fibre, 4% MAPP and polypropylene; and the stiffest injection moulded composite had a Young's modulus of 16.0 GPa, and consisted of 63wt% NaOH/Na2SO3 treated fibre, 4% MAPP and polypropylene.

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Gross, Christopher D. "Structural enhancement of timber framing using hemp-lime". Thesis, University of Bath, 2013. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.571876.

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The world is facing increasing pressures to reduce the amount of energy and resources that are being used. The UK government has targets to reduce carbon emissions and energy usage. Within the UK buildings are a significant contributor towards both energy and material usage. One approach to reduce the energy and carbon emissions from construction is to use natural materials that require minimal processing and energy input such as straw, timber, unfired earth and hemp-lime. Hemp-lime is a composite solid wall insulating material made from hemp shiv and a lime based binder and water which can be cast between shutters or spray applied. Hemp-lime is typically used with a load bearing timber studwork frame. Current design practice assumes that hemp-lime is a nonstructural material and only provides the insulation to the wall construction. However, as it encapsulates the studs it has to potential to enhance their load capacity by preventing buckling and resisting in-plane forces. This study aimed to establish the contribution of the hemp-lime to the structural performance of composite hemp-lime and studwork frame walls under three loading conditions; vertical compression, in-plane racking and out-of-plane bending. Both theoretical analysis and experimental testing were undertaken in order to establish the contribution. Tradical HF hemp shiv and Tradical HB binder were used to mix hemplime with a density of 275kg/m3. The wall constructions were initially theoretically analysed using existing approaches and both the stiffness and strength of the wall panels were calculated. Experimental testing was undertaken on 24 full size wall panels. Fifteen were tested with compressive loads, five with in-plane racking loads and four with out-of-plane bending loads. Initially two walls were tested with a concentric compressive load applied to the top of the encapsulated timber studs. The studs were shown to be restrained by the hemp-lime preventing buckling and increasing the failure load by over 500%. Four walls were tested with eccentrically applied compressive loads to investigate bursting of the studs through the hemp-lime surface. On three walls the studs burst through the hemp-lime showing that bursting is dependent upon the hemp-lime cover over the studs. In addition unrestrained studs were tested and shown to buckle at much lower loads than the hemp-lime lime encapsulated studs. Under in-plane racking loads two walls were initially tested and found to have increased stiffness and strength over an unrestrained studwork frame. The leading stud joints were found to be a weak point. These joints were improved and two further walls were tested, one with a sheathing board attached to the studwork frame and one without. The strengthened joints were found to improve the stiffness and strength of the wall panels. The wall panel with sheathing was also found to have a higher stiffness than the unsheathed walls. Two walls were initially tested with applied out-of-plane loads. One wall was hemplime with rendered surfaces and the other included a studwork frame. The studwork frame was found to provide continued load capacity once the render and the hemp-lime had failed. Two further wall panels were tested with a sheathing board attached to the studwork frame and render on the other face of the hemp-lime. Again the studwork frames were found to provide post crack load capacity. The walls were also found to perform with differing stiffness according to the load direction. Following experimental testing the theoretical results were compared with the experimental results. Generally good correlation is seen between the results. Prior to the experimental testing it was not possible to predict the bursting of the hemp-lime when the studs were loaded in compression, however following testing a technique was developed to allow this prediction to be made. In conclusion this study has shown that hemp-lime does enhance the load capacity of studwork framing under both compressive and in-plane racking loads. Under out-ofplane bending loads the studwork frame allows continued load capacity after the hemplime and render have cracked. This study has shown that material savings can be made when using this type of construction as a sheathing board is not necessary as the hemplime can fulfil its structural function. This will contribute towards a more efficient construction system and reduced energy and resource use.

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Wretfors, Christer. "Hemp fibre and reinforcements of wheat gluten plastics /". Alnarp : Dept. of Agriculture - Farming Systems, Technology and Product Quality, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2008. http://epsilon.slu.se/11236319.pdf.

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Mills, Brantley. "On the use of dynamically similar experiments to evaluate the thermal performance of helium-cooled tungsten divertors". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/52292.

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Many technological hurdles remain before a viable commercial magnetic fusion energy reactor can be constructed, including the development of plasma-facing components with long lifetimes that can survive the harsh environment inside a reactor. One such component, the divertor, which maintains the purity of the plasma by removing fusion byproducts from the reactor, must be able to accommodate very large incident heat fluxes of at least 10 MW/m^2 during normal operation. Modular helium-cooled tungsten divertors are one of the leading divertor designs for future commercial fusion reactors, and a number of different candidates have been proposed including the modular He-cooled divertor concept with pin array (HEMP), the modular He-cooled divertor concept with multiple-jet-cooling (HEMJ), and the helium-cooled flat plate (HCFP). These three designs typically operate with helium coolant inlet temperatures of 600 °C and inlet pressures of 10 MPa. Performing experiments at these conditions to evaluate the thermal performance of each design is both challenging and expensive. An alternative, more economical approach for evaluating different designs exploits dynamic similarity. Here, geometrically similar mockups of a single divertor module are tested using coolants at lower temperatures and pressures. Dynamically similar experiments were performed on an HEMP-like divertor with helium and argon at inlet temperatures close to room temperature, inlet pressures below 1.4 MPa, and incident heat fluxes up to 2 MW/m^2. The results are used to predict the maximum heat flux that the divertor can accommodate, and the pumping power as a fraction of incident thermal power, for a given maximum tungsten temperature. A new nondimensional parameter, the thermal conductivity ratio, is introduced in the Nusselt number correlations which accounts for variations in the amount of conduction heat transfer through the walls of the divertor module. Numerical simulations of the HCFP divertor are performed to investigate how the thermal conductivity ratio affects predictions for the maximum heat flux obtained in previous studies. Finally, a helium loop is constructed and used to perform dynamically similar experiments on an HEMJ module at inlet temperatures as high as 300 °C, inlet pressures of 10 MPa, and incident heat fluxes as great as 4.9 MW/m^2. The correlations generated from this work can be used in system codes to determine optimal designs and operating conditions for a variety of fusion reactor designs.

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Książki na temat "Hemp"

Dodge, Charles Richard. Hemp culture. Portland, Or: Caber Press, 2000.

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Ed, Rosenthal, red. Hemp today. Oakland, CA: Quick Americam Archives, 1994.

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Dhondt, Fieke, i Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu. Hemp and Sustainability. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3334-8.

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Allin, Steve. Building with hemp. Kenmare, Co. Kerry: Seed Press, 2005.

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1963-, Mack Bettina, red. The hemp cookbook. Berkeley, Calif: Ten Speed Press, 1999.

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Paolo, Ranalli, red. Advances in hemp research. New York: Food Products Press, 1999.

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Westphal, Jonas Michael Wilhelm. The Sustainability of Hemp. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-41819-9.

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Bevan, Rachel. Hemp lime construction: A guide to building with hemp lime composites. London: IHS BRE Press, 2008.

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Robinson, Rowan. The hemp manifesto: 101 ways that hemp can save our world. Rochester, Vt: Park Street Press, 1997.

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Iván, Bócsa. The cultivation of hemp: Botany, varieties, cultivation and harvesting. Sebastopol, Calif: Hemptech, 1998.

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Części książek na temat "Hemp"

Gooch, Jan W. "Hemp". W Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 363. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_5898.

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Mishra, Munmaya, i Biao Duan. "Hemp". W The Essential Handbook of Polymer Terms and Attributes, 72. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003161318-70.

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Jun, Seong Ho. "Cultivating Hemp". W Agriculture and Korean Economic History, 85–86. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9319-9_11.

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Żuk-Gołaszewska, Krystyna, i Janusz Gołaszewski. "Hemp Production". W Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, 1–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41384-2_1.

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"Hemp". W Encyclopedia of Genetics, Genomics, Proteomics and Informatics, 856. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6754-9_7472.

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"Hemp". W Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 489. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30160-0_5806.

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SMALL, Ernest. "Hemp". W Berkshire Encyclopedia of Sustainability 4/10, 220–22. Berkshire Publishing Group, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/jj.9561405.57.

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Khestl, F. "Hemp". W Challenges, Opportunities and Solutions in Structural Engineering and Construction. CRC Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203859926.ch79.

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"hemp". W The Fairchild Books Dictionary of Fashion. Fairchild Books, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501365287.1323.

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"hemp". W The Fairchild Books Dictionary of Interior Design. Fairchild Books, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501365171.1951.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Hemp"

Zhou, Xing, Lisi Fan, Yan Wang, Min Zhao i Erwei Cheng. "A Conducted HEMP Generator". W 2019 IEEE 6th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (ISEMC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isemc48616.2019.8985996.

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Podder, S., J. Fike i B. Wilson. "Industrial Hemp Forage Potential". W XXV International Grassland Congress. Berea, KY 40403: International Grassland Congress 2023, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52202/071171-0191.

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Schwarzova, Ivana, Nadezda Stevulova i Tomas Melichar. "Hemp Fibre Reinforced Composites". W Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.044.

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The conventional homogeneous materials can no longer effectively satisfy the growing demands on product capabilities and performance, due to the advancement in products design and materials engineering. Therefore, the fibre reinforced composites with better properties and desirable applications emerged. Natural fibres have high strength to low weight ratios and have good sound and thermal insulation properties. Combination of organic filler and inorganic matrix creates high-quality products such as fibre boards and composites. The great importance is attached to industrial hemp as source of the rapidly renewable fibres and as non-waste material. Industrial hemp fibre has great potential in composite materials reinforcement. However, improving interfacial bonding between fibres and matrix is an important factor for its using in composites. This paper deals with hemp fibre reinforced composites in civil engineering as component part of sustainable construction. Prepared lightweight composites based on original and pre-treated hemp hurds are characterized by selected physical and mechanical properties (density, thermal conductivity, water absorbability, compressive and tensile strength) in dependence on used inorganic binder (traditional Portland cement and alternative MgO-cement).

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Islam, Fahima, i Debanjan Das. "Motivations for Growing Hemp: Insights from Hemp Production, Disposition, and Income Survey". W Bridging the Divide. Iowa State University Digital Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa.17447.

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Marko, Ing Richard, Bc Zuzana Gaborcikova, Bc Filip Chalas, Bc Marek Janec, Bc Rastislav Kavon, Bc Matus Miklovic, Bc Peter Nemcek, Bc Katarina Valkovicova i Mgr Martin Sabo. "Ion Mobility Spectrometry for Rapid HEMP Potency Testing - spectrometric testing of technical hemp". W 2022 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (MetroAgriFor). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/metroagrifor55389.2022.9964631.

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Hasan, Md Rokibul, i Debanjan Das. "Legalization of Hemp Production and its Impacts on the US Hemp Export Competitiveness". W Bridging the Divide. Iowa State University Digital Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa.17378.

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Soni, Som R., Subramania I. Sritharan i Craig Schluttenhofer. "Analysis of Hemp Reinforced Composites". W 8th North American Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management. Michigan, USA: IEOM Society International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46254/na8.20230021.

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Khestl, Filip. "Hemp In The Cement Matrix". W The Seventh International Structural Engineering and Construction Conference. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-07-5354-2_m-36-333.

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Formisano, Antonio, i Antonio Davino. "Tensile testing on hemp stems". W INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS ICNAAM 2020. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0081413.

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Harmon, Jennifer. "Hemp for Victory!: The History of Hemp in America, Embodied in an Educational Artifact". W Breaking Boundaries. Iowa State University Digital Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa.13836.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Hemp"

Reyzer, Ronald J., i Mark H. Mar. HEMP Test on FD-565. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, listopad 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada243099.

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HARRY DIAMOND LABS ADELPHI MD. HEMP Test of FD-565. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, maj 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada244398.

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Partridge, C., i G. Trewitt. High-level Entity Management Protocol (HEMP). RFC Editor, październik 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc1022.

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DiPeso, Gregory. HEMP Modification from Secondary Electron Inertia. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), kwiecień 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1438684.

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Burkes, Klaehn. HEMP TRANSFORMER DEFENSE THROUGH POWER ELECTRONICS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), październik 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1570350.

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Wiggins, C. M., D. E. Thomas i T. M. Salas. HEMP-induced transients in electric power substations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), luty 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5776239.

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Anderson, Michelle. An introduction to growing hemp in Indiana. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, styczeń 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/cc-20240624-184.

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Williams, Angelica. Hemp Breeding and the Uses of Photoperiod Manipulation. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, styczeń 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/cc-20240624-822.

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Ellis, Hailey. Growing Guide for Field and Greenhouse Hemp Production Across the Eastern United States Including research for Hemp as cancer treatment. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, sierpień 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/cc-20240624-802.

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Engle, Kaitlyn Jo, Wangcheng Liu i Hang Liu. Effectiveness of Environmentally Friendly Retting Techniques on Industrial Hemp. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-274.

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