Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / HEAVY METAL LONS

Spis treści

Artykuły w czasopismach
Rozprawy doktorskie
Książki
Części książek
Streszczenia konferencji
Raporty organizacyjne

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „HEAVY METAL LONS”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 11 września 2023

Utwórz poprawne odniesienie w stylach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard i wielu innych

Wybierz rodzaj źródła:

Zobacz listy aktualnych artykułów, książek, rozpraw, streszczeń i innych źródeł naukowych na temat „HEAVY METAL LONS”.

Przycisk „Dodaj do bibliografii” jest dostępny obok każdej pracy w bibliografii. Użyj go – a my automatycznie utworzymy odniesienie bibliograficzne do wybranej pracy w stylu cytowania, którego potrzebujesz: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver itp.

Możesz również pobrać pełny tekst publikacji naukowej w formacie „.pdf” i przeczytać adnotację do pracy online, jeśli odpowiednie parametry są dostępne w metadanych.

Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "HEAVY METAL LONS"

Zeng, Yong Gang, i Long Li. "Study on Treatment of Heavy Metal Lons of Chemical Wastewater by Ion Exchange Resin". Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (czerwiec 2014): 2230–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.2230.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

This paper used the ion exchange resin method to treat the heavy metal ion Cu2+ of a chemical wastewater and studied the flow velocity, pH and the temperature’s effect on Cu2+ removal effect by macroporous strongly acidic styrene type cation exchange resin D001. The results shown that: when the flow velocity was 1.5 mL/min, pH was 6.0 and the temperature was 30°C, the removal rate of Cu2+ by D001 reached 99.8%. The chemical wastewater could achieve the wastewater’s discharge standard.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

KENAWY, I. M. M., M. A. H. HAFEZ, M. A. AKL i R. R. LASHEIN. "Determination by AAS of Some Trace Heavy Metal lons in Some Natural and Biological Samples after Their Preconcentration Using Newly Chemically Modified Chloromethylated Polystyrene-PAN Ion-Exchanger." Analytical Sciences 16, nr 5 (2000): 493–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.16.493.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

MATSUMOTO, Hisashi, Yoichi NODA, Yasuo GOTO, Junji KISHI, Takafumi NONOGAKI i Takahide MORI. "The Effect of Heavy Metal lons on the in Vitro Development of Mouse Embryos: A Comparison of the Developmental Ability between Ham's F-10 and .ALPHA.-MEM." Journal of Reproduction and Development 39, nr 3 (1993): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1262/jrd.39.223.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Csermely, P�ter, i J�nos Somogyi. "Tumor promoter 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) can reduce the Ca-transporting ability of Ca-lonophores in T lymphocytes: The involvement of intracellular heavy metal lons". Journal of Cellular Physiology 138, nr 3 (marzec 1989): 593–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041380321.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Mühlbachová, G., J. Száková i P. Tlustoš. "The heavy metal availability in long-term polluted soils as affected by EDTA and alfalfa meal treatments". Plant, Soil and Environment 58, No. 12 (26.11.2012): 551–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/524/2012-pse.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

A 38-day incubation experiment was carried out in order to evaluate the response of plant-available portions of heavy metals in long-term contaminated arable and grassland soils on addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) meal. Soils with different soil management (arable and grassland) from the vicinity of a lead smelter were used in the experiment. Readily available heavy metal fractions of Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu increased in the presence of EDTA at the beginning of experiment. The increase of heavy metal availability was higher in the arable soil with lower content of soil organic carbon than in the grassland soil. Addition of EDTA increased content of K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>-extractable carbon which remained higher throughout the overall time of experiment. During the first part of the experiment, the alfalfa meal addition decreased the available metal concentrations in the EDTA-treated grassland soil whereas no effect of alfalfa meal was observed in EDTA-treated arable soil.  

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Imran, Mohd, Iqbal Ahmad, Tharcisse Barasubiye, Hussein H. Abulreesh, Samreen Samreen, Mohammad Khalil Monjed i Khaled Elbanna. "Heavy Metal Tolerance Among Free-living Fungi Isolated from Soil Receiving Long Term Application of Wastewater". Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 14, nr 1 (31.03.2020): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.14.1.17.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Faix, S., Z. Faixova, K. Boldizarova i P. Javorsky. "The effect of long-term high heavy metal intake on lipid peroxidation of gastrointestinal tissue in sheep". Veterinární Medicína 50, No. 9 (28.03.2012): 401–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5639-vetmed.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

The present study was designed to determine the effects of dietary heavy metal intake on malondialdehyde levels (MDA, product of cellular lipid peroxidation) in the tissues of gastrointestinal tract, kidneys and liver of sheep. The experiment was carried out on twelve female sheep of mixed breed, weighing from 30 to 35 kg, one year old. The first group of sheep was bred in the conditions of laboratory farm. They had free access to hay and 300 g of barley per sheep was added daily. The second group grazed on a natural pasture in the environs of a factory processing copper ore. The second group of sheep had significantly higher concentrations of copper and cadmium in the tissues of rumen wall, duodenum, colon wall, liver and kidneys. The concentration of lead was significantly higher in the rumen wall, colon, liver and kidneys, but no differences were found in duodenum. The concentration of mercury was significantly higher only in the kidney tissue, but no differences were found in rumen wall, duodenum, colon wall and liver. The concentration of malondialdehyde was found significantly higher in reticulum epithelium, omasum, duodenum and colon. The significantly higher concentration of MDA was measured in colon wall and kidney medulla. The highest concentration of MDA was found in liver. Our results confirm that lipid peroxidation is one of the molecular mechanisms of cell injury in chronic heavy metal poisoning. The epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract of sheep is more sensitive to the oxidative damage induced by dietary heavy metal intake.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Protasowicki, M. "Long term studies on heavy metals in aquatic organisms from the River Odra mouth area". Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 21, S (31.12.1991): 301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3750/aip1991.21.s.32.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Taraqqi-A-Kamal, A., Christopher J. Atkinson, Aimal Khan, Kaikai Zhang, Peng Sun, Sharmin Akther i Yanrong Zhang. "Biochar remediation of soil: linking biochar production with function in heavy metal contaminated soils". Plant, Soil and Environment 67, No. 4 (30.03.2021): 183–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/544/2020-pse.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

The focus of this study is on the soil physicochemical, biological, and microbiological processes altered by biochar application to heavy metal (HM) contaminated soils. The aim is to highlight agronomical and environmental issues by which the restorative capacity of biochar might be developed. Literature shows biochar can induce soil remediation, however, it is unclear how soil processes are linked mechanistically to biochar production and if these processes can be manipulated to enhance soil remediation. The literature often fails to contribute to an improved understanding of the mechanisms by which biochar alters soil function. It is clear that factors such as biochar feedstock, pyrolysis conditions, application rate, and soil type are determinants in biochar soil functionality. These factors are developed to enhance our insight into production routes and the benefits of biochar in HM soil remediation. Despite a large number of studies of biochar in soils, there is little understanding of long-term effects, this is particularly true with respect to the use and need for reapplication in soil remediation.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Kim, Kwon-Rae, Gary Owens i Ravi Naidu. "Heavy metal distribution, bioaccessibility, and phytoavailability in long-term contaminated soils from Lake Macquarie, Australia". Soil Research 47, nr 2 (2009): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr08054.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

This study was conducted to investigate the distribution, bioaccessibility, and phytoavailability of heavy metal(loids) in long-term contaminated soils within the vicinity of a lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) smelter in Lake Macquarie, NSW, Australia. Thirty-two representative surface (0–100 mm) soils were collected from the region surrounding the smelter. The soils were analysed for aqua regia extractable heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb), bioaccessibility using a simplified physiological-based extraction technique (SBET), and phytoavailability using 1 m NH4NO3 extractions, together with key soil properties known to influence metal speciation and availability. The area was found to be potentially contaminated with heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb) with many soil samples exceeding the Australian Health Investigation Levels for ‘Standard’ residential areas. Lead bioaccessibility ranged from 32 to 100% of the total Pb concentration, with bioaccessibility increasing as metal loading increased. Heavy metal phytoavailability was strongly related to soil pH for Cu (r2 = 0.84, P < 0.001), Pb (r2 = 0.70, P < 0.001), and Cd (r2 = 0.66, P < 0.001), implying that the phytoavailability of these heavy metal was mainly governed by soil acidity. Most significantly, the presence of multiple metals was found to influence metal phytoavailability. For example, the presence of Pb significantly influenced the phytoavailability of Cd (r2 = 0.89, P < 0.001) and Zn (r2 = 0.78, P < 0.001) in mixed heavy metal contaminated soils.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Więcej źródeł

Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "HEAVY METAL LONS"

Brodd, Patrick. "Long term heavy metal contamination from leakage water sediments". Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-88909.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Nestle, Nikolaus, Martin Ebert, Arthur Wunderlich i Thomas Baumann. "Long-term observation of adsorbed heavy metal ions in sediment samples by MRI". Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-194323.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Recently, we have reported studies of transport and sorption of heavy metal ions in water-saturated quartz sand columns under relatively fast water flow. In these experiments, clear indications for a fast and strong adsorption of the ions to the sediment could be found. Here we report the findings in a series of other experiments performed under static conditions. In this case, much higher concentrations of ions are adsorbed to the sand and remain immobile over time scales of more than a year. Changes in the MRI contrast observed for the sediment areas with the adsorbed ions indicate rearrangements in the distribution of the ions during the first days after administration to the sediment. EDX-studies of the ion distribution after several days indicate a spatially inhomogeneous distribution of adsorbed ions on the surface of the quartz sand. If the adsorbed ions are subjected to flow, a part of adsorbed ions moves away with the water flow. Also all ions are rapidly accessible to acid leaching.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Nestle, Nikolaus, Martin Ebert, Arthur Wunderlich i Thomas Baumann. "Long-term observation of adsorbed heavy metal ions in sediment samples by MRI". Diffusion fundamentals 5 (2007) 7, S. 1-19, 2007. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A14271.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Гринцова, Наталія Борисівна, Наталия Борисовна Гринцова, Nataliia Borysivna Hryntsova, O. Timakova, Оксана Костянтинівна Романюк, Оксана Константиновна Романюк, Oksana Kostiantynivna Romaniuk i in. "Adaptive alterations of pinealocytes after the long-term influence of heavy metal salts on the body". Thesis, Springer, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/81349.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Epiphysis and parathyroid glands take part in the regulation of the adaptive capacity of the body. The aim was to study of morphological and immunohistochemical features of epiphysis's pinealocytes and parathyroid cells under heavy metal salts influence.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Deng, Hong. "Metal (Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Fe) uptake, tolerance and radial oxygen loss in typical wetland plants". HKBU Institutional Repository, 2005. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/629.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Syrovetnik, Kristina. "Long-term metal retention processes in a peat bog : Field studies, data and modelling". Doctoral thesis, Stockholm, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-460.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Sharma, Kuhuk. "Assessment of heavy metal contamination and restoration of soil food web structural complexity in urban vacant lots in two post-industrial cities". The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1406232323.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Wu, Chuan. "Effects of radial oxygen loss (ROL) on arsenic tolerance, uptake and distribution by rice (Oryza sativa L.)". HKBU Institutional Repository, 2011. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1246.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Bourgeois, Jason. "Assessment of surface and ground waters, stream and estuary sediments and other ecosystem receptors to determine long term impacts of surface PCB and heavy metal releases, Makinsons, Newfoundland /". Internet access available to MUN users only, 1997. http://collections.mun.ca/u?/theses,36164.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Williams, Wesley S. "Method development for long-term monitoring of heavy metals in mussel shells by laser-ablation inductively-coupled-plasma mass-spectrometry". Thesis, The University of Tulsa, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3622730.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Heavy metal pollution is a growing concern as growing worldwide population and industrial processes increase pollution levels in most environments. High metal concentrations throughout ecosystems pose a serious threat to wild-life and human health. Methods to monitor rising threat levels of metals are a primary concern for monitoring overall ecosystem health. Mechanisms which spread pollution must be intimately understood because of the persistence of heavy metals. Heavy metal contamination in the Tar Creek superfund site provides a great case study to selectively observe differences in heavy metals concentrations both upstream and downstream of mining activity. Thus, research is able to identify natural and man-made point sources of pollution.

The abilities of bivalves to filter-feed and sediment-feed provide a unique monitoring tool for analyzing heavy metals. Mussels are constantly filtering the environment around them. A mussel's seasonal and annual growth layers provide an excellent sample media for obtaining historical records of environmental data. Many species of mussels are found in most freshwater ecosystems throughout the United States. Mussels have low migration rates, live for a suitable amount of time, and leave relic shells. These features make mussels very practical for monitoring heavy metal pollution.

Various studies were conducted to obtain insight into developing methods for using LA-ICP-MS as a tool for monitoring heavy metals in mussel shells. Surface laser ablations, compared at additional depths, resulted in a more than 20% increase in signal intensity. Theoretical and experimental designs show signal changes as a function of depth. Mussel tissue and shell digestions were found to be best when using approximately 1.0 mL of hydrogen peroxide and 1.0 mL of nitric acid for each 0.1 grams of sample. Mussel tissue was found to have greater heavy metal concentrations than shells. Shells were found to average a 96% weight of calcium carbonate; however, the organic layers contained the greatest concentrations of heavy metals per weight.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Więcej źródeł

Książki na temat "HEAVY METAL LONS"

World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe. Health risks of heavy metals from long-range transboundary air pollution. Copenhagen: World Health Organization Regional Office Europe, 2007.

Znajdź pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Ensor, Keren L. Mercury and lead in Minnesota Common Loons (Gavina immer). St. Paul, Minn. (520 Lafayette Rd., St. Paul 55155): Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, Water Quality Division, Assessment and Planning Section, 1992.

Znajdź pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Gannon, James. Microbial remobilization of heavy metals: Potential impacts of remediation efforts on long term ground water quality. Bozeman, Mont: Montana University System, Water Resources Center, 1999.

Znajdź pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs. Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on Heavy Metals, Aarhus, 24 June 1998. London: Stationery Office, 2003.

Znajdź pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

R, Smith S., Foundation for Water Research i Water Research Centre, red. Symbiotic N2-fixation and microbial activity in soils contaminated with heavy metals resulting from long term sewage application. Swindon: Water Research Centre, 1990.

Znajdź pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

United Nations. Economic Commission for Europe., red. 1979 Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution and its 1998 protocols on persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals. New York: United Nations, 1999.

Znajdź pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Fitzgerald, F. Scott. Great Gatsby (Heavy Metal Edition). METALit, 2021.

Znajdź pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

The State of transboundary air pollution: 1989 update : report prepared within the framework of the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution. New York: United Nations, 1990.

Znajdź pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Weis, Judith S. Marine Pollution. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780199996698.001.0001.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Marine pollution occurs today in varied forms—chemical, industrial, and agricultural-and the sources of pollution are endless. In recent history, we've seen oil spills, untreated sewage, eutrophication, invasive species, heavy metals, acidification, radioactive substances, marine litter, and overfishing, among other significant problems. Though marine pollution has long been a topic of concern, it has very recently exploded in environmental, economic, and political debate circles; scientists and non-scientists alike continue to be shocked and dismayed at the sheer diversity of water pollutants and the many ways they can come to harm our environment and our bodies. In Marine Pollution: What Everyone Needs to Know, Judith Weis covers marine pollution from many different angles, each fascinating in its own right. Beginning with its sources and history, the book describes in detail each common pollutant, why exactly it is harmful, why it may draw controversy, and how we can prevent it from destroying our aquatic ecosystems. Weis discusses topics like what actually happened with the Exxon Valdez, and why Harmful Algal Blooms are a serious concern. Later chapters will discuss pollutants that are only now surfacing as major threats, such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and metal nanoparticles, and explain how these can begin in the water and progress up the food chain and emerge in human bodies. The book's final section will discuss the effects of climate change and acidification on marine pollution levels, and how we can reduce pollution at the local and global levels.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Patton, Raymond A. Culture Wars. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190872359.003.0008.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

This chapter shows how the growing culturally oriented divisions in and around punk peaked in the mid-1980s in culture wars that emerged simultaneously in societies across the First and Second Worlds. In the United States, the Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC) formed in Washington, DC, to combat profanity in music; in the United Kingdom, Crass faced obscenity charges; and governments of several Eastern European countries cracked down on punk and its offshoots, new wave and heavy metal. However, by the mid-1980s, a new coalition of forces began to form in opposition to the neoconservative reaction against punk at the beginning of the decade, defined by cultural openness, progressivism, and “coolness.” Punk thereby helped cement a political reorientation that cut across ideological and socioeconomic groupings in the East and West, realigning societies according to progressive versus conservative identities—categories that would continue to define politics long after the end of the Cold War era.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Części książek na temat "HEAVY METAL LONS"

Brandt, R. "ADS (Accelerator-Driven Systems) — A New Technology to Destroy Completely Long-Lived Radwaste". W Radionuclides and Heavy Metals in Environment, 367–78. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0993-5_49.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Park, Sung Kyun. "Role of Free Radicals in Hearing Loss due to Heavy Metals". W Free Radicals in ENT Pathology, 93–109. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13473-4_5.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Schoer, J., i U. Förstner. "Estimation of Long-Term Behavior of Heavy Metals in Solid Wastes". W Contaminated Soil ’88, 43–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2807-7_5.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Bartnicki, Jerzy, Krzysztof Olendrzynski, Jòzef Pacyna, Stefan Anderberg i William Stigliani. "Long-Term Atmospheric Transport and Deposition of Heavy Metals in Central Europe". W Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application XI, 659–60. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5841-5_75.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Mazur, A. "Modelling of the Long-Term Atmospheric Transport of Heavy Metals Over Poland". W Large Scale Computations in Air Pollution Modelling, 221–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4570-1_20.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Bartnicki, Jerzy. "Long Range Transport of Heavy Metals from Poland Computed by an Eulerian Model". W Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application VIII, 339–48. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3720-5_29.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Ltifi, Abdelkader, Neila Saidi, Mokded Rabhi, James Downer, Abderrazak Smaoui, Chedly Abdellly i Amor Hafiane. "Paper Industry Effluent Short and Long Effect on Soil Heavy Metals Accumulation and Phytoremediation". W Recent Advances in Environmental Science from the Euro-Mediterranean and Surrounding Regions, 583–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70548-4_176.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Steinnes, E. "Significance of Long Range Atmospheric Transport for Heavy Metal and Radionuclide Contamination of the Terrestrial Environment". W Air Pollution in the Ural Mountains, 429–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5208-2_42.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Molloy, Fergus J., i Jeremy M. Hills. "Long-term changes in heavy metal loadings of Ascophyllum nodosum from the Firth of Clyde, UK". W Fifteenth International Seaweed Symposium, 305–10. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1659-3_43.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Schmidt, Gunther, Christian Aden, Lukas Kleppin, Roland Pesch i Winfried Schröder. "Integration of Long-Term Environmental Data by the Example of the UNECE Heavy Metals in Mosses Survey in Germany: Application of a WebGIS-Based Metadata System". W Long-Term Ecological Research, 299–313. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8782-9_21.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Streszczenia konferencji na temat "HEAVY METAL LONS"

Sibley, W. A., i D. C. Yeh. "Radiation Effects In Heavy Metal Fluoride Glass Systems". W O-E/LASE'86 Symp (January 1986, Los Angeles), redaktor Paul Klocek. SPIE, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.961111.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Moynihan, C. T., R. Mossadegh, P. K. Gupta i M. G. Drexhage. "Crystallization And Viscosity Of Heavy Metal Fluoride Glasses". W O-E/LASE'86 Symp (January 1986, Los Angeles), redaktor Paul Klocek. SPIE, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.961113.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Sibley, W. A., i Y. Suzuki. "Review Of Heavy Metal Fluoride Glass Materials For Laser Applications". W O-E/LASE'86 Symp (January 1986, Los Angeles), redaktor William W. Simmons. SPIE, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.961166.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Goodwin, Richard W. "Long-Term Operating Results: Ash Monofill". W 11th North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec11-1677.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

An ash monofill was studied from 1997 to 2001. Monitoring results of the lined landfill showed viability of liner since groundwater standards were not exceeded. Raw leachate of RCRA heavy metal leachate results show Chromium reaching groundwater standards while Lead, Cadmium and Zinc slightly exceed these standards. An upset incident of premature set-up of lime-laden ash caused a back-up and overflow condition in 1994. Adding water of solubilization and field compaction achieves optimal geo-technical properties and reduces heavy metal leachate. This water addition would have also reduced fugitive dust concerns. These principles of sound engineering management of MWC residues were well-known and widely publicized. If the landfill operator had applied these principles the upset incident could have been avoided. Long-term trends of RCRA heavy metal leachate results show compliance with groundwater standards, although Lead, Cadmium and Zinc exceed these standards. Application of sound engineering placement practice would have reduced these long-term trends. USA Regulatory officials should consider incorporating these principles into residue management recommendations, following Environment Canada’s example. Recognition and implementation of these principles would confirm that incinerator ash can be properly managed — to alleviate concerns — justifying their beneficial reuse.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

"Risk Assessment Method of Heavy Metal Pollution in Agricultural Soil". W 2021 4th International Conference on Interdisciplinary Social Sciences & Humanities. Francis Academic Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25236/soshu.2021.019.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Heavy metal pollution of agricultural soil has regional and long-term characteristics. Scientific and reasonable pollution assessment is the premise of environmental pollution risk control and subsequent remediation strategy. This paper lists the advantages and disadvantages of common pollution risk assessment methods, and puts forward the recommended methods and suggestions.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Jargalsaihan, B. "HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION OF SOILS IN THE NALAIKH REGION (MONGOLIA)". W Всероссийская научная конференция, посвященная памяти доктора технических наук, профессора Александра Дмитриевича Потапова. Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет" (НИУ МГСУ), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/978-5-7264-2875-8.2021.65-68.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

The content of heavy metals in soils of the Nalaikh region, in which coal was mined for a long period, was investigated. The purpose of the work was to assess the possibility of ecological safe renovation of this territory. According to the results obtained, the level of contamination of most areas of the Nalaikh region with heavy metals is insignificant and cannot pose a threat to human health.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Khristoforova, N. K., S. I. Kozhenkova i E. N. Chernova. "LONG-TERM BIOMONITORING OF HEAVY METAL POLLUTION OF THE NORTHWESTERN SEA OF JAPAN". W XVI Совещание географов Сибири и Дальнего Востока. Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Тихоокеанский институт географии Дальневосточного отделения Российской академии наук, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35735/9785604701119_306.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Sadokov, Dmitrii. "LONG-TERM HEAVY METALS DEPOSITION DYNAMICS IN LACUSTRINE ECOSYSTEMS (NW RUSSIA)". W 19th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference EXPO Proceedings. STEF92 Technology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2019v/1.4/s02.028.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Атабиева, Фатимат Адраевна, i Елена Александровна Чередник. "MONITORING THE LEVEL OF HEAVY METAL COMPOUNDS IN THE TEREK RIVER". W Научные исследования в современном мире. Теория и практика: сборник избранных статей Всероссийской (национальной) научно-практической конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Декабрь 2020). Crossref, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/nitp312.2020.15.43.011.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

В статье представлен анализ многолетних результатов (2005-2020 годы) изменчивости уровня содержания соединений таких тяжелых металлов как хром, никель, молибден, свинец, цинк и марганец. Цель исследования - выявление и оценка степени загрязненности воды реки Терек растворенными формами металлов в среднем и нижнем течении в летнее половодье по частоте превышения ПДК. The article presents an analysis of long-term results (2005-2020) of variability in the content of compounds of such heavy metals as chromium, nickel, molybdenum, lead, zinc and manganese. The purpose of the study is to identify and assess the degree of water pollution of the Terek River by dissolved forms of metals in the middle and lower reaches during the summer flood in terms of the frequency of exceeding the MPC.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Lassalle, Guillaume, Anthony Credoz, Sophie Fabre, Arnaud Elger, Rémy Hédacq i Dominique Dubucq. "Hyperspectral signature analysis of three plant species to long-term hydrocarbon and heavy metal exposure". W Earth Resources and Environmental Remote Sensing/GIS Applications, redaktorzy Ulrich Michel i Karsten Schulz. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2277709.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Raporty organizacyjne na temat "HEAVY METAL LONS"

Alexander, Chris, i Chantz Denowh. PR-652-195104-R01 Development of Heavy Wall ILI Test Samples. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), czerwiec 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011680.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Guidance is needed for the pipeline industry's in-line inspection (ILI) technologies as current industry practices address mainly thin-wall pipe specifications as well as spool and defect design. Heavy-wall pipe is mostly found in subsea applications where the predominant threats are internal; however, external defects cannot be discounted. Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) sensing technologies for heavy-wall pipe often have very different specs for examining external versus internal features. The end uses for ILI technologies in the heavy-wall subsea applications often put a premium on low limits of detection for purposes of gauging time-dependent growth of internal wall loss rather than for fitness for service assessments. The test samples associated with the current study considers both. The seven categories from the Pipeline Operators Forum (POF), with an emphasis on external integrity condition performance, do not address the reasons pipeline operators may require project-specific, large-scale testing in advance of deployment. Prior PRCI projects have proposed and tested the effects of metal loss fabrication methods on intelligent pig detection and discrimination performance on "standard" pipe wall schedules. Relevance of prior POF style metal loss shapes and severities have gaps with respect to qualifying ILI performance to serve fitness for purpose and corrosion growth purposes. There is a need to provide guidance for the design of ILI test samples to serve both training and blind qualification purposes. For this reason, PRCI commissioned the SPIM-1-6 project, which is the focus of the current document.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Kurén Weldon, James, red. 32nd Annual Report 2023 : Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution : International Cooperative Programme on Integrated Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Ecosystems. ICP IM Programme Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.29v7hp6rk6.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

The Integrated Monitoring Programme (ICP IM) is part of the effect-oriented activities under the 1979 Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution, which covers the region of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). The main aim of ICP IM is to provide a framework to observe and understand the complex changes occurring in natural/semi natural ecosystems. This report summarizes the work carried out by the ICP IM Programme Centre and several collaborating institutes. The emphasis of the report is in the work done during the programme year 2022/2023 including: • A short summary of previous data assessments • A status report of the ICP IM activities, content of the IM database, and geographical coverage of the monitoring network • Brief summary of forthcoming publication on heavy metal concentrations trend analysis • Update on developing co-operation with eLTER • Proposed workplan for the next period • Report on IM participation in Canadian led mercury sampling • National Reports on ICP IM activities

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Gerlach, Robin. Long-term Stewardship of Mixed Wastes: Passive Reactive Barriers for Simultaneous In Situ Remediation of Chlorinated Solvent, Heavy Metal and Radioactive. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), czerwiec 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/895765.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Gerlach, Robin, Al Cunningham i Brent Peyton. Long-Term Stewardship of Mixed Wastes: Passive Reactive Barriers for Simultaneous In Situ Remediation of Chlorinated Solvent, Heavy Metal, and Radionuclide Contaminants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), czerwiec 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/893218.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Peyton, Brent, M., Robin Gerlach, Al, B. Cunningham, William, A. Apel i Francisco Roberto. Long-Term Stewardship of Mixed Wastes: Passive Reactive Barriers for Simultaneous In Situ Remediation of Chlorinated Solvent, Heavy Metal, and Radionuclide Contaminants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), grudzień 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/957464.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Kraig, D. H., L. Jr Naranjo, M. A. Mullen i P. R. Fresquez. Radionuclide and Heavy Metal Concentrations in Fish from the Confluences of Major Canyons That Cross Los Alamos National Laboratory Lands with the Rio Grande. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), luty 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/3773.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

LI, Peng, i Junjun Liu. Effect of statin therapy on moderate-to-severe depression: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, marzec 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.3.0016.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Review question / Objective: We aim to assess the antidepressant effects of statin therapy among patients complicated with moderate to severe depression. Condition being studied: Depression is one of the major causes of disability worldwide, and major depressive disorders (MDD) contribute to a significant heavy disease burden, which is expected to be second by 2050, only to heart disease. Despite great improvement in therapy, the treatment efficacy remains low. Therefore, alternative therapies have been intensely investigated. A substantial body of researches have suggested that inflammation is one of the operative pathways between MDD and increased risk of somatic comorbidities, and some specific depressive symptoms. Depression occurs in most patients with cardiac and cerebrovascular disease due to the long-term effects, and depression increases the risk of cardiovascular disease in the population as a whole and in patients with coronary artery disease or stroke. Several observational studies have demonstrated reduced rates of depression among patients taking statins, which may be related to its anti-inflammatory effect. However, whether statin improves the depressive symptoms and its associated mechanism is still mixed. Furthermore, there is little evidence about statin treatment effect in those with moderate to severe depression. In addition, whether the effect of statin treatment on depressive symptom changes with time or is affected by baseline depression severity or percentage change of lipid levels has not been explored in previous studies.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Banin, Amos, Joseph Stucki i Joel Kostka. Redox Processes in Soils Irrigated with Reclaimed Sewage Effluents: Field Cycles and Basic Mechanism. United States Department of Agriculture, lipiec 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7695870.bard.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

The overall objectives of the project were: (a) To measure and study in situ the effect of irrigation with reclaimed sewage effluents on redox processes and related chemical dynamics in soil profiles of agricultural fields. (b) To study under controlled conditions the kinetics and equilibrium states of selected processes that affect redox conditions in field soils or that are effected by them. Specifically, these include the effects on heavy metals sorption and desorption, and the effect on pesticide degradation. On the basis of the initial results from the field study, increased effort was devoted to clarifying and quantifying the effects of plants and water regime on the soil's redox potential while the study of heavy metals sorption was limited. The use of reclaimed sewage effluents as agricultural irrigation water is increasing at a significant rate. The relatively high levels of suspended and, especially, dissolved organic matter and nitrogen in effluents may affect the redox regime in field soils irrigated with them. In turn, the changes in redox regime may affect, among other parameters, the organic matter and nitrogen dynamics of the root zone and trace organic decomposition processes. Detailed data of the redox potential regime in field plots is lacking, and the detailed mechanisms of its control are obscure and not quantified. The study established the feasibility of long-term, non-disturbing monitoring of redox potential regime in field soils. This may enable to manage soil redox under conditions of continued inputs of wastewater. The importance of controlling the degree of wastewater treatment, particularly of adding ultrafiltration steps and/or tertiary treatment, may be assessed based on these and similar results. Low redox potential was measured in a field site (Site A, KibutzGivat Brenner), that has been irrigated with effluents for 30 years and was used for 15 years for continuous commercial sod production. A permanently reduced horizon (Time weighted averaged pe= 0.33±3.0) was found in this site at the 15 cm depth throughout the measurement period of 10 months. A drastic cultivation intervention, involving prolonged drying and deep plowing operations may be required to reclaim such soils. Site B, characterized by a loamy texture, irrigated with tap water for about 20 years was oxidized (Time weighted average pe=8.1±1.0) throughout the measurement period. Iron in the solid phases of the Givat Brenner soils is chemically-reduced by irrigation. Reduced Fe in these soils causes a change in reactivity toward the pesticide oxamyl, which has been determined to be both cytotoxic and genotoxic to mammalian cells. Reaction of oxamyl with reduced-Fe clay minerals dramatically decreases its cytotoxicity and genotoxicity to mammalian cells. Some other pesticides are affected in the same manner, whereas others are affected in the opposite direction (become more cyto- and genotoxic). Iron-reducing bacteria (FeRB) are abundant in the Givat Brenner soils. FeRB are capable of coupling the oxidation of small molecular weight carbon compounds (fermentation products) to the respiration of iron under anoxic conditions, such as those that occur under flooded soil conditions. FeRB from these soils utilize a variety of Fe forms, including Fe-containing clay minerals, as the sole electron acceptor. Daily cycles of the soil redox potential were discovered and documented in controlled-conditions lysimeter experiments. In the oxic range (pe=12-8) soil redox potential cycling is attributed to the effect of the daily temperature cycle on the equilibrium constant of the oxygenation reaction of H⁺ to form H₂O, and is observed under both effluent and freshwater irrigation. The presence of plants affects considerably the redox potential regime of soils. Redox potential cycling coupled to the irrigation cycles is observed when the soil becomes anoxic and the redox potential is controlled by the Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox couple. This is particularly seen when plants are grown. Re-oxidation of the soil after soil drying at the end of an irrigation cycle is affected to some degree by the water quality. Surprisingly, the results suggest that under certain conditions recovery is less pronounced in the freshwater irrigated soils.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Rankin, Nicole, Deborah McGregor, Candice Donnelly, Bethany Van Dort, Richard De Abreu Lourenco, Anne Cust i Emily Stone. Lung cancer screening using low-dose computed tomography for high risk populations: Investigating effectiveness and screening program implementation considerations: An Evidence Check rapid review brokered by the Sax Institute (www.saxinstitute.org.au) for the Cancer Institute NSW. The Sax Institute, październik 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/clzt5093.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Background Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer death worldwide.(1) It is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer in Australia (12,741 cases diagnosed in 2018) and the leading cause of cancer death.(2) The number of years of potential life lost to lung cancer in Australia is estimated to be 58,450, similar to that of colorectal and breast cancer combined.(3) While tobacco control strategies are most effective for disease prevention in the general population, early detection via low dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening in high-risk populations is a viable option for detecting asymptomatic disease in current (13%) and former (24%) Australian smokers.(4) The purpose of this Evidence Check review is to identify and analyse existing and emerging evidence for LDCT lung cancer screening in high-risk individuals to guide future program and policy planning. Evidence Check questions This review aimed to address the following questions: 1. What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 2. What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 3. What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? 4. What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Summary of methods The authors searched the peer-reviewed literature across three databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Embase) for existing systematic reviews and original studies published between 1 January 2009 and 8 August 2019. Fifteen systematic reviews (of which 8 were contemporary) and 64 original publications met the inclusion criteria set across the four questions. Key findings Question 1: What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? There is sufficient evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of combined (pooled) data from screening trials (of high-risk individuals) to indicate that LDCT examination is clinically effective in reducing lung cancer mortality. In 2011, the landmark National Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NLST, a large-scale randomised controlled trial [RCT] conducted in the US) reported a 20% (95% CI 6.8% – 26.7%; P=0.004) relative reduction in mortality among long-term heavy smokers over three rounds of annual screening. High-risk eligibility criteria was defined as people aged 55–74 years with a smoking history of ≥30 pack-years (years in which a smoker has consumed 20-plus cigarettes each day) and, for former smokers, ≥30 pack-years and have quit within the past 15 years.(5) All-cause mortality was reduced by 6.7% (95% CI, 1.2% – 13.6%; P=0.02). Initial data from the second landmark RCT, the NEderlands-Leuvens Longkanker Screenings ONderzoek (known as the NELSON trial), have found an even greater reduction of 26% (95% CI, 9% – 41%) in lung cancer mortality, with full trial results yet to be published.(6, 7) Pooled analyses, including several smaller-scale European LDCT screening trials insufficiently powered in their own right, collectively demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in lung cancer mortality (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73–0.91).(8) Despite the reduction in all-cause mortality found in the NLST, pooled analyses of seven trials found no statistically significant difference in all-cause mortality (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90–1.00).(8) However, cancer-specific mortality is currently the most relevant outcome in cancer screening trials. These seven trials demonstrated a significantly greater proportion of early stage cancers in LDCT groups compared with controls (RR 2.08, 95% CI 1.43–3.03). Thus, when considering results across mortality outcomes and early stage cancers diagnosed, LDCT screening is considered to be clinically effective. Question 2: What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? The harms of LDCT lung cancer screening include false positive tests and the consequences of unnecessary invasive follow-up procedures for conditions that are eventually diagnosed as benign. While LDCT screening leads to an increased frequency of invasive procedures, it does not result in greater mortality soon after an invasive procedure (in trial settings when compared with the control arm).(8) Overdiagnosis, exposure to radiation, psychological distress and an impact on quality of life are other known harms. Systematic review evidence indicates the benefits of LDCT screening are likely to outweigh the harms. The potential harms are likely to be reduced as refinements are made to LDCT screening protocols through: i) the application of risk predication models (e.g. the PLCOm2012), which enable a more accurate selection of the high-risk population through the use of specific criteria (beyond age and smoking history); ii) the use of nodule management algorithms (e.g. Lung-RADS, PanCan), which assist in the diagnostic evaluation of screen-detected nodules and cancers (e.g. more precise volumetric assessment of nodules); and, iii) more judicious selection of patients for invasive procedures. Recent evidence suggests a positive LDCT result may transiently increase psychological distress but does not have long-term adverse effects on psychological distress or health-related quality of life (HRQoL). With regards to smoking cessation, there is no evidence to suggest screening participation invokes a false sense of assurance in smokers, nor a reduction in motivation to quit. The NELSON and Danish trials found no difference in smoking cessation rates between LDCT screening and control groups. Higher net cessation rates, compared with general population, suggest those who participate in screening trials may already be motivated to quit. Question 3: What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? There are no systematic reviews that capture the main components of recent major lung cancer screening trials and programs. We extracted evidence from original studies and clinical guidance documents and organised this into key groups to form a concise set of components for potential implementation of a national lung cancer screening program in Australia: 1. Identifying the high-risk population: recruitment, eligibility, selection and referral 2. Educating the public, people at high risk and healthcare providers; this includes creating awareness of lung cancer, the benefits and harms of LDCT screening, and shared decision-making 3. Components necessary for health services to deliver a screening program: a. Planning phase: e.g. human resources to coordinate the program, electronic data systems that integrate medical records information and link to an established national registry b. Implementation phase: e.g. human and technological resources required to conduct LDCT examinations, interpretation of reports and communication of results to participants c. Monitoring and evaluation phase: e.g. monitoring outcomes across patients, radiological reporting, compliance with established standards and a quality assurance program 4. Data reporting and research, e.g. audit and feedback to multidisciplinary teams, reporting outcomes to enhance international research into LDCT screening 5. Incorporation of smoking cessation interventions, e.g. specific programs designed for LDCT screening or referral to existing community or hospital-based services that deliver cessation interventions. Most original studies are single-institution evaluations that contain descriptive data about the processes required to establish and implement a high-risk population-based screening program. Across all studies there is a consistent message as to the challenges and complexities of establishing LDCT screening programs to attract people at high risk who will receive the greatest benefits from participation. With regards to smoking cessation, evidence from one systematic review indicates the optimal strategy for incorporating smoking cessation interventions into a LDCT screening program is unclear. There is widespread agreement that LDCT screening attendance presents a ‘teachable moment’ for cessation advice, especially among those people who receive a positive scan result. Smoking cessation is an area of significant research investment; for instance, eight US-based clinical trials are now underway that aim to address how best to design and deliver cessation programs within large-scale LDCT screening programs.(9) Question 4: What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Assessing the value or cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening involves a complex interplay of factors including data on effectiveness and costs, and institutional context. A key input is data about the effectiveness of potential and current screening programs with respect to case detection, and the likely outcomes of treating those cases sooner (in the presence of LDCT screening) as opposed to later (in the absence of LDCT screening). Evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening programs has been summarised in two systematic reviews. We identified a further 13 studies—five modelling studies, one discrete choice experiment and seven articles—that used a variety of methods to assess cost-effectiveness. Three modelling studies indicated LDCT screening was cost-effective in the settings of the US and Europe. Two studies—one from Australia and one from New Zealand—reported LDCT screening would not be cost-effective using NLST-like protocols. We anticipate that, following the full publication of the NELSON trial, cost-effectiveness studies will likely be updated with new data that reduce uncertainty about factors that influence modelling outcomes, including the findings of indeterminate nodules. Gaps in the evidence There is a large and accessible body of evidence as to the effectiveness (Q1) and harms (Q2) of LDCT screening for lung cancer. Nevertheless, there are significant gaps in the evidence about the program components that are required to implement an effective LDCT screening program (Q3). Questions about LDCT screening acceptability and feasibility were not explicitly included in the scope. However, as the evidence is based primarily on US programs and UK pilot studies, the relevance to the local setting requires careful consideration. The Queensland Lung Cancer Screening Study provides feasibility data about clinical aspects of LDCT screening but little about program design. The International Lung Screening Trial is still in the recruitment phase and findings are not yet available for inclusion in this Evidence Check. The Australian Population Based Screening Framework was developed to “inform decision-makers on the key issues to be considered when assessing potential screening programs in Australia”.(10) As the Framework is specific to population-based, rather than high-risk, screening programs, there is a lack of clarity about transferability of criteria. However, the Framework criteria do stipulate that a screening program must be acceptable to “important subgroups such as target participants who are from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, people from disadvantaged groups and people with a disability”.(10) An extensive search of the literature highlighted that there is very little information about the acceptability of LDCT screening to these population groups in Australia. Yet they are part of the high-risk population.(10) There are also considerable gaps in the evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening in different settings, including Australia. The evidence base in this area is rapidly evolving and is likely to include new data from the NELSON trial and incorporate data about the costs of targeted- and immuno-therapies as these treatments become more widely available in Australia.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Oferujemy zniżki na wszystkie plany premium dla autorów, których prace zostały uwzględnione w tematycznych zestawieniach literatury. Skontaktuj się z nami, aby uzyskać unikalny kod promocyjny!