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Apritasari, Yaseri Dahlia. "Experimental Research with Computer Simulation (Case Study Of Urban Cool Island)". International Journal of Built Environment and Scientific Research 7, nr 1 (26.06.2023): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24853/ijbesr.7.1.41-50.
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This research will describe experimental research methodology using computer simulation with the case study of urban cool island research. The urban cool island is one of the urban heat island mitigation technology strategies. This technology uses a geometric and material intervention process that forms an urban cool island in an area with high urban heat island intensity. The urban cool island will expand and reduce the temperature of the hot islands so that the urban heat island gets smaller. In the research process, a series of experimental methodologies were carried out. Experimental methodology is carried out on a regional scale will be difficult and expensive. So a computer simulation is needed to facilitate urban cool island experiments in the area. The stages of experimental research with computer simulations use two process stages (1) Quasi-measurement experiments and field observations in the UCI area, (2) Validation of field measurements versus simulation models, (3) Experiments with computer simulations by creating test models and comparison models. The scope of research on the scale of urban areas with experimental methodology becomes efficient with the help of computer simulations. In Urban Cool Island, several countries have also used this methodology. Computer simulation used: ENVI-MET, CFD-Ansys, and others. Before starting the research, a clear frame or research design is needed, determining variables, replicating the real conditions, mastering the use of simulations, and always paying attention to the results, which are continuously controlled and validated to produce simulations that are close to the real conditions.
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Silva, Aline Nunes da, Cassio Arthur Wollmann, Amanda Comassetto Iensse, Ismael Luiz Hoppe, Otavio de Freitas Baumhardt, Luana Writzl, Iago Turba Costa, João Paulo Assis Gobo, Emerson Galvani i Andreas Matzarakis. "Assessing the Relationship between Urban Heat Islands and Local Climate Zones during a Winter Period in the Coastal City of Balneário Camboriú/SC, Brazil". Atmosphere 15, nr 10 (30.09.2024): 1171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos15101171.
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This research seeks to understand the link between urban heat island and urban cool island, which are the Local Climatic Zones (LCZ) and atmospheric systems during the winter season in the city of Balneário Camboriú, Southern Brazil. First, meteorological data on the urban environment was collected at 11 permanent points in the Balneário Camboriú metropolitan region. Next, a synoptic analysis of the dates was performed to understand the atmospheric systems operating in the region. Finally, the LCZs map created for the city in the World Urban Database and Access Portal Tools was used to correlate the magnitudes of the heat and cool islands found in Balneário Camboriú in the winter period. The results indicate that the increasing verticalization as a result of the construction of skyscrapers in Balneário Camboriú has a significant influence on local conditions for the occurrence of heat and cold islands. The findings indicate that LCZs with sparsely distributed buildings (LCZs 6, 8 and 9) and LCZs with dense vegetation (LCZ A) have lower intensity magnitudes of heat and cool conditions. The biggest magnitudes of heat and cool islands were reported in LCZs 1 and 3 during the timeframe. The synoptic analysis supports earlier research that points to atmospheric stability (Anticyclonic domain) as a favorable atmospheric setting for the emergence of urban heat and coolness islands.
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Alahmad, Barrak, Linda Powers Tomasso, Ali Al-Hemoud, Peter James i Petros Koutrakis. "Spatial Distribution of Land Surface Temperatures in Kuwait: Urban Heat and Cool Islands". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, nr 9 (26.04.2020): 2993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17092993.
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The global rise of urbanization has led to the formation of surface urban heat islands and surface urban cool islands. Urban heat islands have been shown to increase thermal discomfort, which increases heat stress and heat-related diseases. In Kuwait, a hyper-arid desert climate, most of the population lives in urban and suburban areas. In this study, we characterized the spatial distribution of land surface temperatures and investigated the presence of urban heat and cool effects in Kuwait. We used historical Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Terra satellite 8-day composite land surface temperature (LST) from 2001 to 2017. We calculated the average LSTs of the urban/suburban governorates and compared them to the average LSTs of the rural and barren lands. We repeated the analysis for daytime and nighttime LST. During the day, the temperature difference (urban/suburban minus versus governorates) was −1.1 °C (95% CI; −1.2, −1.00, p < 0.001) indicating a daytime urban cool island. At night, the temperature difference (urban/suburban versus rural governorates) became 3.6 °C (95% CI; 3.5, 3.7, p < 0.001) indicating a nighttime urban heat island. In light of rising temperatures in Kuwait, this work can inform climate change adaptation efforts in the country including urban planning policies, but also has the potential to improve temperature exposure assessment for future population health studies.
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Anand, Y., A. Gupta, A. Maini, Avi Gupta, A. Sharma, A. Khajuria, S. Gupta, S. Sharma, S. Anand i S. K. Tyagi. "Comparative Thermal Analysis of Different Cool Roof Materials for Minimizing Building Energy Consumption". Journal of Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/685640.
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The roof and walls in the urban areas contribute to major share in the absorption of solar radiations and also retard the outflow of the absorbed radiation from the building envelope, thereby increasing the global warming by inducing the heat island effect. The impact of using cool roof technologies on the thermal comfort of the office buildings has been estimated. Cool roofs reduce electricity consumption for maintaining the temperature of the air-conditioned buildings in the comfort level and also increase comfort in buildings merely not relying completely on cooling equipment. The cool roofs and cool pavements, however, can mitigate summer urban heat islands by improving indoor air quality and comfort. The thermal analysis of different materials has been carried out to analyze the impact of the rate of heat transfer on the building envelope and the results obtained indicate that different cool roof techniques are beneficial in maintaining the comfort level of the building which purely depends on the ambient temperature conditions.
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Krüger, Eduardo, Patricia Drach i Rohinton Emmanuel. "Atmospheric Impacts on Daytime Urban Heat Island". Air, Soil and Water Research 11 (styczeń 2018): 117862211881020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178622118810201.
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Daytime urban heat island effects can be weak compared to night time and even reversed (as in the case of cool islands, where urban locations display lower temperatures than at a rural site), mostly due to shading effects from buildings, vegetation, and other possible obstructions. The study of the relationship between the sky-view factor, an indicator of urban geometry in terms of sky openness, and urban heat island intensity generally focus on night time periods; only a few report on the daytime effect of the SVF. Such effect will also vary according to background atmospheric conditions of the period of measurements. This article is a commentary on a recent publication by the authors on a study of diurnal intra-urban temperature differences in a location with Koeppen’s Cfb climate.
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Synnefa, A., A. Dandou, M. Santamouris, M. Tombrou i N. Soulakellis. "On the Use of Cool Materials as a Heat Island Mitigation Strategy". Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 47, nr 11 (1.11.2008): 2846–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jamc1830.1.
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Abstract The mitigation of the heat island effect can be achieved by the use of cool materials that are characterized by high solar reflectance and infrared emittance values. Several types of cool materials have been tested and their optical and thermal properties reveal that these materials can be classified as “cool” with the ability to maintain lower surface temperatures. Cool materials can be used on buildings and other surfaces of the urban environment. Based on these results, a modeling study was undertaken to assess the urban heat island effect over Athens, Greece, a densely populated city, by trying to analyze the impacts of large-scale increases in surface albedo on ambient temperature. Numerical simulations were performed by the “urbanized” version of the nonhydrostatic fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5, version 3-6-1). Two scenarios of modified albedo were studied: a moderate and an extreme increase in albedo scenario. It was found that large-scale increases in albedo could lower ambient air temperatures by 2°C. Furthermore, the impact of high albedo measures on heat island magnitude was estimated by creating a spatial representation of the urban heat island effect over the modeled area. The results of this study can help to promote the adoption of high albedo measures in building energy codes and urban planning regulations.
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Kassai-Szoó, Dominika, i András Zöld. "Cool Roofs vs Solar Systems". Applied Mechanics and Materials 824 (styczeń 2016): 779–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.824.779.
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Well known problem of urban heat island is partly due to the albedo of traditional roofs. Mostexperts of urban climate are convinced that the intensity of urban heat island will be less if theroofs reflect as big part of the solar radiation as possible. Researchers have found or developedappropriate materials of low absorptance in the wavelength spectrum of solar radiation together with high emissivity in the long infrared interval. As a result, roof covering may have such extraparameters as metal roof painted with colored cool coating has 0.8 reflectance and 0.8 emittanceindex or single ply-membrane white (PVC) has 0.7 reflectance and 0.8 emittance index.No doubt taking into account the settlement as a whole cool roofs may decrease the intensity ofurban heat island however some local negative effect should not be forgotten. Approaching the citycenter it is typical that low rise and tall buildings are nearby. In some cases the same buildinghas high and low rise wings, from the point of view of geometry similar is the situation between thefacade and a canopy or a balcony. In this case the radiation reflect by the horizontal surfaceconsiderably increases the load on the facade, in this paper the relevant cases are analysed and thecalculated extra load and its consequences are evaluated.
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Xu, Chao, Wenjing Wang i He Zhu. "Spatial Gradient Differences in the Cooling Island Effect and Influencing Factors of Urban Park Green Spaces in Beijing". Buildings 14, nr 5 (24.04.2024): 1206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051206.
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Urban park green spaces exhibit significant cool island effects, which can effectively mitigate the urban heat environment. Clarifying the characteristics and differences in the cool island effects of urban parks across different spatial gradients within cities is instrumental in identifying potential issues and optimizing the structure and resource allocation of park green spaces in a scientifically rational manner. This study focuses on parks within the central urban area of Beijing, utilizing remote sensing image interpretation and land surface temperature (LST) inversion to extract relevant characteristics of park green spaces and the park cool island intensity (PCI) index. Various mathematical and statistical methods including correlation analysis, regression analysis, and cluster analysis are employed to conduct comparative studies across three gradients: within the 3rd ring road, between the 3rd and 5th ring roads, and outside the 5th ring road. The analysis reveals that both park green space characteristics and urban heat island effects exhibit spatial gradient differences, collectively influencing the cool island effects of urban park green spaces. PCI gradually decreases across the three spatial gradients. Cluster analysis identifies four distinct types of parks with different cool island effect characteristics, highlighting the need for optimization and improvement in over half of the parks. Various indicators of park green space characteristics show different correlations with PCI, with variations in correlation strength and thresholds across gradients. The fitting effects of regression equations for each characteristic indicator and PCI gradually worsen from within the 3rd ring road to outside the 5th ring road, with different factors playing important roles across gradients. This study enhances our understanding of the cool island effects of urban park green spaces and facilitates the proposition of differentiated optimization management strategies for urban park green space planning and system construction in different regions.
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Athmani, Wafa, i Leila Sriti. "Study of the Impact of Cool Roof on Urban Thermal Comfort in Hot Arid Climate, Biskra – Algeria". Proceedings of the International Conference of Contemporary Affairs in Architecture and Urbanism-ICCAUA 2, nr 1 (6.06.2019): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.38027/iccaua20190012.
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The Uncontrolled urban sprawl and the unadopted building to the environment are the main causes that generate the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon. This phenomenon contributes to the degradation of the environmental quality of the interior and exterior spaces and increases the energy demand of buildings. In hot and arid regions, the cooling needs of space during the hot season are much greater. This situation imposes the use of electrical air-conditioning equipment for longer periods, which leads to a drastic consumption of electrical energy, implicitly, rise the greenhouse gas emissions, which in turn accentuate the phenomenon of the urban heat island. In this context, one of the most effective strategies to moderate heat stress at the urban scale is the adoption of the cooling roof technique "cool roof”. In fact, solar reflectivity (SR) and high emissivity (IE) of cool materials allow them to absorb less solar energy than conventional concrete roofs, reducing the amount of heat transferred to the atmosphere. This research aims to evaluate the impact of cool roof on the mitigation of the urban heat island phenomenon and to investigate its effect on reduction of energy consumption. Experimental work was carried out in Biskra hot and arid climate.
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Akbari, Hashem, Constantinos Cartalis, Denia Kolokotsa, Alberto Muscio, Anna Laura Pisello, Federico Rossi, Matheos Santamouris, Afroditi Synnef, Nyuk Hien WONG i Michele Zinzi. "LOCAL CLIMATE CHANGE AND URBAN HEAT ISLAND MITIGATION TECHNIQUES – THE STATE OF THE ART". JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 22, nr 1 (18.12.2015): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2015.1111934.
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Increase of the ambient air temperature in cities caused by the urban heat island phenomenon has a seri- ous impact on the economic and social system of cities. to counterbalance the consequences of the increased urban temperatures important research has been carried out resulting in the development of efficient mitigation technologies. the present paper aims to present the state of the art in terms of local climate change and urban heat island mitigation techniques. In particular, developments in the field on highly reflective materials, cool and green roofs, cool pavements, urban green and of other mitigation technologies are presented in detail, while examples of implemented projects are given.
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Wang, Liang, i Dan Li. "Urban Heat Islands during Heat Waves: A Comparative Study between Boston and Phoenix". Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 60, nr 5 (maj 2021): 621–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-20-0132.1.
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AbstractIn this study, we simulate the magnitude of urban heat islands (UHIs) during heat wave (HWs) in two cities with contrasting climates (Boston, Massachusetts, and Phoenix, Arizona) using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model and quantify their drivers with a newly developed attribution method. During the daytime, a surface UHI (SUHI) is found in Boston, which is mainly caused by the higher urban surface resistance that reduces the latent heat flux and the higher urban aerodynamic resistance ra that inhibits convective heat transfer between the urban surface and the lower atmosphere. In contrast, a daytime surface urban cool island is found in Phoenix, which is mainly due to the lower urban ra that facilitates convective heat transfer. In terms of near-surface air UHI (AUHI), there is almost no daytime AUHI in either city. At night, an SUHI and an AUHI are identified in Boston that are due to the stronger release of heat storage in urban areas. In comparison, the lower urban ra in Phoenix enhances convective heat transfer from the atmosphere to the urban surface at night, leading to a positive SUHI but no AUHI. Our study highlights that the magnitude of UHIs or urban cool islands is strongly controlled by urban–rural differences in terms of aerodynamic features, vegetation and moisture conditions, and heat storage, which show contrasting characteristics in different regions.
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Irfan, Naeem, Adnan Zahoor i Nadeem Ullah Khan. "MINIMIZING THE URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT THROUGH LANDSCAPING". Journal of Research in Architecture & Planning 01, nr 01 (30.11.2001): 14–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.53700/jrap0112001_2.
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Urban areas present distinctive micro climates. In the study of causes of the special climate in cities, it is reported that “The total transformation of natural landscape into houses, streets, squares, big public buildings, sky scrapers, and industrial installations has brought about changes in climate of large cities”. Temperature is one of the most important characteristics of urban areas. It is known that urban temperatures differ from those of sub-urban and rural areas. On hot summer days, one can feel the waves of blistering heat emanating from roads and dark buildings, which keep urban areas hot, even long after the sunset, where as rural areas begin to cool rapidly, depending upon topography, geological location, and anthropogenic factors. So urban areas are usually botter than their rural surrounding. This phenomenon is described as the “Urban Heat Islands”. Vegetation has a large impact on micro climate and is considered an efficient mechanism for cooling down the temperature. The various aspects of urban heat island like causes and temperature pattern in urban heat islands, urban and rural temperatures, reasons of increase in urban temperatures and the effects of landscaping on the surrounding climate were studied. Then, to overcome their effects landscaping elements like trees and other vegetation are discussed. To know the presence and to determine the intensity of urban heat island in the cities of Pakistan, a case study of Lahore is also carried out. This paper therefore presents the causes, magnitude and impacts of urban heat islands and suggests the beneficial effects of strategic landscaping on the climate of a particular area.
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Kappou, Sophia, Manolis Souliotis, Spiros Papaefthimiou, Giorgos Panaras, John A. Paravantis, Evanthie Michalena, Jeremy Maxwell Hills, Andreas P. Vouros, Aikaterini Ntymenou i Giouli Mihalakakou. "Cool Pavements: State of the Art and New Technologies". Sustainability 14, nr 9 (25.04.2022): 5159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095159.
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With growing urban populations, methods of reducing the urban heat island effect have become increasingly important. Cool pavements altering the heat storage of materials used in pavements can lead to lower surface temperatures and reduce the thermal radiation emitted to the atmosphere. Cool pavement technologies utilize various strategies to reduce the temperature of new and existing pavements, including increased albedo, evaporative cooling, and reduced heat conduction. This process of negative radiation forces helps offset the impacts of increasing atmospheric temperatures. This paper presents an extensive analysis of the state of the art of cool pavements. The properties and principles of cool pavements are reviewed, including reflectivity, thermal emittance, heat transfer, thermal capacity, and permeability. The different types, research directions, and applications of reflective pavements are outlined and discussed. Maintenance and restoration technologies of cool pavements are reviewed, including permeable pavements. Results show that cool pavements have significant temperature reduction potential in the urban environment. This research is important for policy actions of the European Union, noting that European and international business stakeholders have recently expressed their interest in new ways of reducing energy consumption through technologically advanced pavements.
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Kappou, Sophia, Manolis Souliotis, Spiros Papaefthimiou, Giorgos Panaras, John A. Paravantis, Evanthie Michalena, Jeremy Maxwell Hills, Andreas P. Vouros, Aikaterini Ntymenou i Giouli Mihalakakou. "Cool Pavements: State of the Art and New Technologies". Sustainability 14, nr 9 (25.04.2022): 5159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095159.
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With growing urban populations, methods of reducing the urban heat island effect have become increasingly important. Cool pavements altering the heat storage of materials used in pavements can lead to lower surface temperatures and reduce the thermal radiation emitted to the atmosphere. Cool pavement technologies utilize various strategies to reduce the temperature of new and existing pavements, including increased albedo, evaporative cooling, and reduced heat conduction. This process of negative radiation forces helps offset the impacts of increasing atmospheric temperatures. This paper presents an extensive analysis of the state of the art of cool pavements. The properties and principles of cool pavements are reviewed, including reflectivity, thermal emittance, heat transfer, thermal capacity, and permeability. The different types, research directions, and applications of reflective pavements are outlined and discussed. Maintenance and restoration technologies of cool pavements are reviewed, including permeable pavements. Results show that cool pavements have significant temperature reduction potential in the urban environment. This research is important for policy actions of the European Union, noting that European and international business stakeholders have recently expressed their interest in new ways of reducing energy consumption through technologically advanced pavements.
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Zhang, Ning, Yan Chen, Ling Luo i Yongwei Wang. "Effectiveness of Different Urban Heat Island Mitigation Methods and Their Regional Impacts". Journal of Hydrometeorology 18, nr 11 (1.11.2017): 2991–3012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-17-0049.1.
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Abstract Cool roofs and green roofs are two popular methods to mitigate the urban heat island and improve urban climates. The effectiveness of different urban heat island mitigation strategies in the summer of 2013 in the Yangtze River delta, China, is investigated using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model coupled with a physically based single-layer urban canopy model. The modifications to the roof surface changed the urban surface radiation balance and then modified the local surface energy budget. Both cool roofs and green roofs led to a lower surface skin temperature and near-surface air temperature. Increasing the roof albedo to 0.5 caused a similar effectiveness as covering 25% of urban roofs with vegetation; increasing the roof albedo to 0.7 caused a similar near-surface air temperature decrease as 50% green roof coverage. The near-surface relative humidity increased in both cool roof and green roof experiments because of the combination of the impacts of increases in specific humidity and decreases in air temperature. The regional impacts of cool roofs and green roofs were evaluated using a regional effect index. A regional impact was found for near-surface air temperature and specific/relative humidity when the percentage of roofs covered with high-albedo materials or green roofs reached a higher fraction (greater than 50%). The changes in the vertical profiles of temperature cause a more stable atmospheric boundary layer over the urban area; at the same time, the crossover phenomena occurred above the boundary layer due to the decrease in vertical wind speed.
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Wang, Chenghao, Zhi-Hua Wang, Kamil E. Kaloush i Joseph Shacat. "Cool pavements for urban heat island mitigation: A synthetic review". Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 146 (sierpień 2021): 111171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111171.
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Rosenfeld, Arthur H., Hashem Akbari, Joseph J. Romm i Melvin Pomerantz. "Cool communities: strategies for heat island mitigation and smog reduction". Energy and Buildings 28, nr 1 (sierpień 1998): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-7788(97)00063-7.
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Ma, Shaoxiu, Andy Pitman, Jiachuan Yang, Claire Carouge, Jason P. Evans, Melissa Hart i Donna Green. "Evaluating the Effectiveness of Mitigation Options on Heat Stress for Sydney, Australia". Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 57, nr 2 (luty 2018): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-17-0061.1.
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AbstractGlobal warming, in combination with the urban heat island effect, is increasing the temperature in cities. These changes increase the risk of heat stress for millions of city dwellers. Given the large populations at risk, a variety of mitigation strategies have been proposed to cool cities—including strategies that aim to reduce the ambient air temperature. This paper uses common heat stress metrics to evaluate the performance of several urban heat island mitigation strategies. The authors found that cooling via reducing net radiation or increasing irrigated vegetation in parks or on green roofs did reduce ambient air temperature. However, a lower air temperature did not necessarily lead to less heat stress because both temperature and humidity are important factors in determining human thermal comfort. Specifically, cooling the surface via evaporation through the use of irrigation increased humidity—consequently, the net impact on human comfort of any cooling was negligible. This result suggests that urban cooling strategies must aim to reduce ambient air temperatures without increasing humidity, for example via the deployment of solar panels over roofs or via cool roofs utilizing high albedos, in order to combat human heat stress in the urban environment.
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Chen, Yan, i Ning Zhang. "Urban Heat Island Mitigation Effectiveness under Extreme Heat Conditions in the Suzhou–Wuxi–Changzhou Metropolitan Area, China". Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 57, nr 2 (luty 2018): 235–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-17-0101.1.
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AbstractCool roofs and green roofs are two important methods used to mitigate the urban heat island (UHI) effect. The Weather Research and Forecasting Model was used to investigate the UHI effect and the effectiveness of cool and green roof mitigation strategies in the Suzhou–Wuxi–Changzhou metropolitan area during an extreme heat wave episode in the summer of 2013. Both urban land-cover change and anthropogenic heat releases exacerbated high temperatures in the urban area. Notably, urban land-cover change and anthropogenic heat release were responsible for 64% and 36% of the UHI intensity, respectively. Both cool and green roofs decreased near-surface air temperatures. The most dramatic decrease in near-surface air temperature occurred in the late morning; nocturnal air temperature decreased slightly because of the decrease in urban heat storage associated with the cool roof strategy. In addition, the UHI mitigation strategies affected the entire urban boundary layer. The decrease in the potential temperature and static stability created a stable urban boundary layer in which turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) decreased simultaneously. Analysis of an urban belt near a large water body showed that the decrease in the surface skin temperature difference between land and the water body weakened the daytime lake breeze. This effect was observed in both the inflow in the boundary layer and the return flow above the boundary layer, and it decreased the heat and moisture exchange between the lake and land boundary layers.
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Lee, Kirim, Jihoon Seong, Youkyung Han i Won Hee Lee. "Evaluation of Applicability of Various Color Space Techniques of UAV Images for Evaluating Cool Roof Performance". Energies 13, nr 16 (14.08.2020): 4213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13164213.
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Global warming is intensifying worldwide, and urban heat islands are occurring as urbanization progresses. The cool roof method is one alternative for reducing the urban heat island phenomenon and lowering the heat on building roofs for a comfortable indoor environment. In this study, a cool roof evaluation was performed using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and a red, green and blue (RGB) camera instead of a laser thermometer and a thermal infrared sensor to evaluate existing cool roofs. When using a UAV, an RGB sensor is used instead of expensive infrared sensor. Various color space techniques, namely light-reflectance value, hue saturation value (HSV), hue saturation lightness, and YUV (luma component (Y) and two chrominance components, called U (blue projection) and V (red projection)) derived from RGB images, are applied to evaluate color space techniques suitable for cool roof evaluation. This case study shows the following quantitative results: among various color space techniques investigated herein, the white roof with lowest temperature (average surface temperature: 44.1 °C; average indoor temperature: 33.3 °C) showed highest HSV, while the black roof with the highest temperature (surface temperature average: 73.4 °C; indoor temperature average: 37.1 °C) depicted the lowest HSV. In addition, the HSV showed the highest correlation in both the Pearson correlation coefficient and the linear regression analyses when the correlation among the brightness, surface temperature, and indoor temperature of the four color space techniques was analyzed. This study is considered a valuable reference for using RGB cameras and HSV color space techniques, instead of expensive thermal infrared cameras, when evaluating cool roof performance.
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Pratiwi, Sri Novianthi. "A REVIEW OF MATERIAL COVER FEATURES FOR MITIGATING URBAN HEAT ISLAND". International Journal on Livable Space 3, nr 2 (16.08.2018): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/livas.v3i2.3196.
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<p class="Body"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong><strong><em></em></strong></p><p class="Body"><em>Urban Heat Island (UHI) is related to the increase of urban compared to rural temperature as the result of global phenomenon. The increase of temperature is predicted to be intensified along with the extend of urban activity in the near future. Therefore, the discussion on UHI becomes significance. This paper discusses the result of literature studies on thermal characteristics of materials that potentially used to reduce Urban Heat Island, especially in utilizing pavement and roof cover. </em><em> The result of the study concludes that the </em><em>reduction of UHI is determined by: 1) the high-level albedo (the ratio between the reflected heat and the absorbed heat) of material that is influenced by the color and texture of its surface; 2) The high level thermal emittance of material; 3) The lower capacity of material to store the heat. 4) The capability thermal conductivity of material surface. Recommended pavements to reduce UHI are cool pavement, reflective pavement, porous pavers, permeable pavers, pervious pavement, water retaining pavement. Roof cover materials that reduce Urban Heat Island are Cool Roof and Green Roof. The design and toughness of materials should be considered to reduce UHI.<strong></strong></em></p><p class="Body"> </p><em>Keywords: Urban Heat Island, material feature, thermal performance.</em>
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Huang, Mengyu, Shaobo Zhong, Xin Mei i Jin He. "Spatiotemporal Patterns in the Urban Heat Island Effect of Several Contemporary and Historical Chinese “Stove Cities”". Sustainability 16, nr 7 (8.04.2024): 3091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16073091.
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Various cities in China have been identified as “stove cities” either in contemporary or historical times, exposing residents to extremely high temperatures. Existing studies on the heat island effect in stove cities are not representative nationwide. The outdated nature of these studies also significantly diminishes the relevance of their findings. Thus, reassessing the urban heat island (UHI) effect of stove cities is necessary in the context of global climate change and urbanization. This study focuses on seven symbolic and geographically distributed stove cities in China, including Nanjing, Chongqing, Wuhan, Fuzhou, Beijing, Xi’an, and Turpan. Using land surface temperature (LST) data, this study investigates the summer heat island effect from 2013 to 2023 and analyzes changes in the spatial distribution of the heat island effect. This paper utilizes impervious surface data and urban clustering algorithms to define urban and suburban areas. It then examines the evolution and spatial distribution of surface urban heat island intensity (SUHII) over time. Incorporating urbanization variables like population density and urban area, the study analyzes the main factors affecting the heat island effect from 2013 to 2018. We find that all cities continuously expand, with the annual average heat island effect intensifying over the years. With the exception of Beijing, the summer heat island or cool island effects in the remaining six cities show an overall intensification trend. From 2013 to 2018, SUHII has been primarily related to urban expansion and planning layout, with minimal impact from factors such as population density.
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Zhao, Ziqi, Ayyoob Sharifi, Xin Dong, Lidu Shen i Bao-Jie He. "Spatial Variability and Temporal Heterogeneity of Surface Urban Heat Island Patterns and the Suitability of Local Climate Zones for Land Surface Temperature Characterization". Remote Sensing 13, nr 21 (28.10.2021): 4338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13214338.
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This study investigated monthly variations of surface urban heat island intensity (SUHII) and the applicability of the local climate zones (LCZ) scheme for land surface temperature (LST) differentiation within three spatial contexts, including urban, rural and their combination, in Shenyang, China, a city with a monsoon-influenced humid continental climate. The monthly SUHII and LST of Shenyang were obtained through 12 LST images, with one in each month (within the period between 2018 and 2020), retrieved from the Thermal InfraRed Sensor (TIRS) 10 in Landsat 8 based on a split window algorithm. Non-parametric analysis of Kruskal-Wallis H test and a multiple pairwise comparison were adopted to investigate the monthly LST differentiations with LCZs. Overall, the SUHII and the applicability of the LCZ scheme exhibited spatiotemporal variations. July and August were the two months when Shenyang underwent strong heat island effects. Shenyang underwent a longer period of cool than heat island effects, occurring from November to May. June and October were the transition months of cool–heat and heat–cool island phenomena, respectively. The SUHII analysis was dependent on the definition of urban and rural boundaries, where a smaller rural buffering zone resulted in a weaker SUHI or surface urban cool island (SUCI) phenomenon and a larger urban area corresponded to a weaker SUHI or SUCI phenomenon as well. The LST of LCZs did not follow a fixed order, where in July and August, the LCZ-10 (Heavy industry) had the highest mean LST, followed by LCZ-2 (Compact midrise) and then LCZ-7 (Lightweight low-rise). In comparison, LCZ-7, LCZ-8 (Large low-rise) and LCZ-9 (Sparsely built) had the highest LST from October to May. The LST of LCZs varied with urban and rural contexts, where LCZ-7, LCZ-8 and LCZ -10 were the three built LCZs that had the highest LST within urban context, while LCZ-2, LCZ-3 (Compact low-rise), LCZ-8, LCZ-9 and LCZ-10 were the five built LCZs that had the highest LST within rural context. The suitability of the LCZ scheme for temperature differentiation varied with the month, where from July to October, the LCZ scheme had the strongest capability and in May, it had the weakest capability. Urban context also made a difference to the suitability, where compared with the whole study area (the combination of urban and rural areas), the suitability of built LCZs in either urban or rural contexts weakened. Moreover, the built LCZs had a higher level of suitability in an urban context compared with a rural context, while the land-cover LCZs within rural had a higher level of suitability.
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Arellano, B., i J. Roca. "EFFECTS OF URBAN GREENERY ON HEALTH. A STUDY FROM REMOTE SENSING". International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B3-2022 (30.05.2022): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b3-2022-17-2022.
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Abstract. Global warming is causing increasing Heat Waves that affect human health. High temperatures markedly increase morbidity and mortality. Urban Heat Islands increase the effects of Heat Waves and are a serious inconvenience to human health and comfort. Cities can substantially increase local temperatures and reduce temperature drop at night. During the night, the greater thermal inertia of the central areas reduces their cooling capacity. On the other hand, it is important to highlight that urban vegetation plays a key role in adapting cities to Global Warming and Urban Heat Island. Green areas have lower temperatures than the rest of land uses and generate a cooling effect that spreads to their surroundings creating a "cool island" effect. The main objective of this paper is to establish the nocturnal land surface temperature and land surface air temperature of Barcelona Metropolitan Area (35 municipalities, 636 km2, 3.3 million inhabitants) in an episode of a nocturnal heatwave and to estimate its possible impact on health and mortality. Subsequently, nighttime temperatures are analysed in this extreme heat context to determine their spatial distribution and detect the urban landscapes that are most vulnerable to extreme night heat. Modelling of land surface temperature must reveal the elements that determine night Urban Heat Island and consequently identify actions that can be implemented at urban planning level to refresh the environment during the night and thus increase the resilience of the most vulnerable landscapes and improve residents’ health. This paper studies the effect of urban greenery and green infrastructures on Nighttime Urban Heat Island and propose climate adaptation measures and design for urban green areas to decrease high temperature in a Heat Wave context, which contributes to reducing the serious negative impacts on people's health.
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Wang, Zheng, Yugang Xie, Minghao Mu, Lichao Feng, Ning Xie i Na Cui. "Materials to Mitigate the Urban Heat Island Effect for Cool Pavement: A Brief Review". Buildings 12, nr 8 (12.08.2022): 1221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12081221.
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The urban heat island (UHI) effect has a significantly negative impact on the living environment in urban areas. Asphalt pavement is one of the most widely used infrastructures that absorbs solar energy, which leads to the UHI effect and premature failure. As a result, cool pavement technology has been rapidly developed in recent years to mitigate the UHI effect originating from asphalt pavement. Although several outstanding review articles have analyzed previous studies on cool pavement technologies, very few review articles have focused on how to design and expand cool pavement technology from a materials perspective. In this mini-review article, the theoretical and practical factors of the solar reflective coatings and phase-change materials, which are significantly dependent on the design of new materials, have been summarized. The main challenges and potential problem-solving ideas have been presented. In a cool pavement, the solar reflective coatings are composed of epoxy resin or acrylic polymer matrix filled with solar reflective nanoparticles, such as TiO2, SiO2, ZnO, Al2O3, or Fe2O3. The main challenges of the solar reflective coatings are the spalling of the coating polymers from the asphalt pavement surface and the dispersion of the solar reflective nanoparticle in the polymer matrix. Most importantly, it is critical to harmonize the balance between the bonding strength, aging rate, solar reflectance, curing requirements, mechanical properties, and durability of the solar reflective coating. For the nanofillers, the cost of the filler materials, the balance between UV, visible light, and near-infrared reflectance and the dispersion status of the nanofillers in the polymer matrix are the primary factors that must be concerned. For the phase-change materials (PCMs), the interaction between the asphalt and the PCMs, the decomposition of the PCMs, the toxicity of the PCMs, the distribution status of the PCMs in the asphalt matrix, and the cost are the main factors that have to be considered in constructions. This review article can not only provide basic knowledge for the development of new solar reflective pavement materials but also serve as a guide for practical applications of cool pavement in the field.
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Yang, Jiachuan, i Elie Bou-Zeid. "Should Cities Embrace Their Heat Islands as Shields from Extreme Cold?" Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 57, nr 6 (czerwiec 2018): 1309–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-17-0265.1.
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AbstractThe higher temperature in cities relative to their rural surroundings, known as the urban heat island (UHI), is one of the most well documented and severe anthropogenic modifications of the environment. Heat islands are hazardous to residents and the sustainability of cities during summertime and heat waves; on the other hand, they provide considerable benefits in wintertime. Yet, the evolution of UHIs during cold waves has not yet been explored. In this study, ground-based observations from 12 U.S. cities and high-resolution weather simulations show that UHIs not only warm urban areas in the winter but also further intensify during cold waves by up to 1.32° ± 0.78°C (mean ± standard deviation) at night relative to precedent and subsequent periods. Anthropogenic heat released from building heating is found to contribute more than 30% of the UHI intensification. UHIs thus serve as shelters against extreme-cold events and provide benefits that include mitigating cold hazard and reducing heating demand. More important, simulations indicate that standard UHI mitigation measures such as green or cool roofs reduce these cold-wave benefits to different extents. Cities, particularly in cool and cold temperate climates, should hence revisit their policies to favor (existing) mitigation approaches that are effective only during hot periods.
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Sen, Sushobhan, i Jeffery Roesler. "Wind direction and cool surface strategies on microscale urban heat island". Urban Climate 31 (marzec 2020): 100548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2019.100548.
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Zendeli, D., N. Colaninno i E. Morello. "Investigating the Impact of Heat Stress and Green Space Accessibility for At-Risk Communities". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2600, nr 9 (1.11.2023): 092024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2600/9/092024.
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Abstract This work addresses the urban heat island issue and its impact on vulnerable populations in cities. Urban heat islands refer to the phenomenon where temperatures in built-up areas exceed those of surrounding rural regions due to the absorption and retention of heat by built-up surfaces and the lack of vegetation. The study focuses on Milan and uses data from Daytime Near-Surface Air Temperature estimates and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index to assess accessibility to green spaces during an extreme heat event. The goal is to establish a practical approach for assessing urban areas that are particularly vulnerable to extreme heat and have low accessibility to possible ‘urban cool islands’ to inform climate-proof urban planning, design, and policies and promote equitable access to green spaces. The methodology involves constructing a 3x3 table containing nine classes based on matrix logic, representing different degrees of thermal perception-based accessibility to green. The results of this study could be used to prioritize interventions to increase thermal comfort and achieve a more sustainable urban environment.
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Aggarwal, Chetan, i Sudhakar Molleti. "State-of-the-Art Review: Effects of Using Cool Building Cladding Materials on Roofs". Buildings 14, nr 8 (23.07.2024): 2257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14082257.
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Cool roofs are roofing systems designed to reflect significant solar radiation, reducing heat absorption and subsequent cooling energy demands in buildings. This paper provides a comprehensive review of cool roof technologies, covering performance standards, material options, energy-saving potential, and hygrothermal considerations. The review examines provisions in current codes and standards, which specify minimum requirements for solar reflectance, thermal emittance, and solar reflectance index (SRI) values. These criteria often vary based on factors like roof slope, climate zone, and building type. Different cool roof materials are explored, including reflective paints and coatings that can be applied to existing roofs as cost-effective solutions. Several studies have demonstrated the energy performance benefits of cool roofs, showing significant reductions in cooling loads, indoor air temperatures, peak cooling demand, and overall cooling energy consumption compared to traditional roofs. However, hygrothermal performance must be evaluated, especially in cold climates, to optimize insulation levels and avoid moisture accumulation risks, as reduced heat absorption can alter moisture migration patterns within the building envelope. While cool roofs provide substantial energy savings in hot climates, further research is needed to validate modeling approaches against real-world studies, investigate the impact of seasonality and green spaces on cool roof efficacy and urban heat island mitigation, and explore energy-saving potential, moisture control, and condensation risks in cold and humid environments.
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Ziaeemehr, Bahador, Zahra Jandaghian, Hua Ge, Michael Lacasse i Travis Moore. "Increasing Solar Reflectivity of Building Envelope Materials to Mitigate Urban Heat Islands: State-of-the-Art Review". Buildings 13, nr 11 (16.11.2023): 2868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13112868.
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The Urban Heat Island (UHI), a consequence of urban development, leads to elevated temperatures within cities compared to their rural counterparts. This phenomenon results from factors such as urban designs, anthropogenic heat emissions, and materials that absorb and retain solar radiation in the built environment. Materials commonly used in cities, like concrete, asphalt, and stone, capture solar energy and subsequently emit it as heat into the surroundings. Consequently, this phenomenon amplifies summertime cooling energy demands in buildings. To mitigate the UHI impacts, various mitigation strategies have emerged that include but are not limited to using higher solar reflectivity materials, known as “cool materials”, and increasing vegetation and greenery in urban areas. Cool materials have high reflectivity and emissivity, effectively reflecting solar radiation while emitting absorbed heat through radiative cooling. Increasing the solar reflectivity of building envelope materials is a promising sustainable solution to lessen the UHI effects. This state-of-the-art review summarizes the UHI causes and effects, states the mitigation strategies, describes the cool building envelope materials, explains the solar reflectivity index measurements, indicates the building and micro-climate simulations, highlights the performance evaluation of using cool building envelope materials, points out the research gaps, and proposes future research opportunities.
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Bhanage, Vinayak, Sneha Kulkarni, Rajat Sharma, Han Soo Lee i Shirishkumar Gedam. "Enumerating and Modelling the Seasonal alterations of Surface Urban Heat and Cool Island: A Case Study over Indian Cities". Urban Science 7, nr 2 (30.03.2023): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci7020038.
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The present study has been carried out to analyze the seasonal variation of the Urban Heat and Cool Island over the nine developing cities of India. The magnitude of urban heat/cool island and vegetation gradient (∆NDVI) were measured from the daytime satellite datasets. Results of this study show that during the pre-monsoon (March to May) season, the maximum magnitude of the Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI) was experienced over Kolhapur city, whereas, in the winter, the highest intensity of SUHI was noticed over Pune city. Subsequently, outcomes also depict that the changes in ∆NDVI restrain the pre-monsoon means and the seasonal alterations in SUHI magnitude. However, during the winter (November to February) season, it is controlled by the temperature–vegetation conditions of the rural areas. For pre-monsoon and seasonal changes in SUHI, with the aid of ∆NDVI and the surface temperature of the urban area, regression equations were fitted for pre-monsoon and seasonal changes in SUHI, which explains nearly 90% of SUHI variation. Similarly, the variation of SUHI has been modeled for winter, which elucidates up to 84% of SUHI discrepancy. The study reveals that, on a seasonal scale, a decrement of 0.1 in seasonal ∆NDVI leads to an increase in the seasonal intensity of SUHI by 1.74 °C, which is quite a significant augmentation.
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Hu, Kui, Yujing Chen, Guixiang Chen, Yuzhou Duan i Caihua Yu. "Proposed Cool Coatings with High Near-Infrared Reflectance and Heat Insulation for Asphalt Pavement". Coatings 11, nr 1 (13.01.2021): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11010085.
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In summer, black asphalt pavement can absorb a considerable amount of solar radiation, which causes its temperature to rise. Heated asphalt pavement can aggravate the urban heat island (UHI) effect and transfer heat downward, which may cause the problem of permafrost thawing beneath pavements. The objective of this study was to develop a novel cool coating layer (CCL) with high near-infrared reflectance and heat insulation to make the surface of asphalt pavement cool. A self-developed test device and method was established to evaluate cooling effects. Based on the experimental results, the optimal coating can cool asphalt pavement by 11.21 °C when the radiation striking the sample surface is 650 W/m2. This coating, called the composite cool coating layer (CCCL), is composed of the following materials: polyurethane resin, rutile TiO2 of 18%, hollow glass microspheres of 12%, and copper chromite black spinel of 0.7%. Silicon carbide particles of 1 kg/m2 can help the CCCL achieve satisfactory antiskid performance. In conclusion, CCCL can effectively inhibit the absorption of solar radiation and reduce the flow of thermal energy downward without sacrificing skid resistance.
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Mourou, Chaimae, Montserrat Zamorano, Diego P. Ruiz i María Martín-Morales. "Cool Surface Strategies with an Emphasis on the Materials Dimension: A Review". Applied Sciences 12, nr 4 (11.02.2022): 1893. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12041893.
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The need to tackle the urban heat island effect demands the implementation of cool surfaces as a mitigation strategy. This study comprehensively reviews the evolution of this research field from a materials perspective. It provides a bibliometric analysis of the relevant literature using the SciMAT software processing of bibliographic records from 1995 to 2020, for the evolution of cool surfaces. The results obtained show an increased interest in the field from 2011 to 2020, particularly for roof applications, and present the scientific evolution of reflective materials. According to the materials dimension adopted by the development of the research field, the study is refined from a bibliometric analysis of 982 selected records for the analysis of five themes: (i) Pigments; (ii) Phase change materials; (iii) Retroreflective materials; (iv) Ceramic materials; and (v) Glass. These materials present promising results in terms of their solar reflectance performances in the mitigation of the urban heat island phenomenon. At the end of this review, recommendations for future studies are provided for the creation of economic and environmentally friendly materials based on waste glass recycling. This study represents a valuable contribution that provides a scientific background with regard to cool surfaces from a materials perspective for future investigations.
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Chiang, Yi-Cheng, i Hong-Yun Lin. "A Study on the cooling effects of the park dispersions applied in PUD". E3S Web of Conferences 57 (2018): 04002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185704002.
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Urban heat-island effect causes the vicious cycle of city high temperature. The collocation of green park space can effectively cool down the heat of city. This research studies the cooling effects of the park dispersion by simulations of PUD projects. In this study, 3 different schemes were developed and simulated by CFD software. The results show that the more disperse the parks are, the lower the site temperatures.
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Santamouris, M., i Geun Young Yun. "Recent development and research priorities on cool and super cool materials to mitigate urban heat island". Renewable Energy 161 (grudzień 2020): 792–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2020.07.109.
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Karimi, Alireza, Pir Mohammad, Sadaf Gachkar, Darya Gachkar, Antonio García-Martínez, David Moreno-Rangel i Robert D. Brown. "Surface Urban Heat Island Assessment of a Cold Desert City: A Case Study over the Isfahan Metropolitan Area of Iran". Atmosphere 12, nr 10 (19.10.2021): 1368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12101368.
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This study investigates the diurnal, seasonal, monthly and temporal variation of land surface temperature (LST) and surface urban heat island intensity (SUHII) over the Isfahan metropolitan area, Iran, during 2003–2019 using MODIS data. It also examines the driving factors of SUHII like cropland, built-up areas (BI), the urban–rural difference in enhanced vegetation index (ΔEVI), evapotranspiration (ΔET), and white sky albedo (ΔWSA). The results reveal the presence of urban cool islands during the daytime and urban heat islands at night. The maximum SUHII was observed at 22:30 p.m., while the minimum was at 10:30 a.m. The summer months (June to September) show higher SUHII compared to the winter months (February to May). The daytime SUHII demonstrates a robust positive correlation with cropland and ΔWSA, and a negative correlation with ΔET, ΔEVI, and BI. The nighttime SUHII displays a negative correlation with ΔET and ΔEVI.
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Anindita, Rembanang, Edhi Martono i Emilia Nurjani. "Urban cooling island vs urban heat island, who is the winner? Study of the green spaces effect in coolingdown of urban heat in Kapanewon Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia". E3S Web of Conferences 468 (2023): 10012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202346810012.
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Urban heat zone are the major problem affecting human health through the microclimatological effect. Green Spaces are like a natural air conditioners that can cool dense urban environments from hot air. The cooling effect of urban heat from the presence of Green Space is called the Urban Cooling Effect (UCE) while the cool air produced is called Urban Cooling Island (UCI). This research aims to analyze the extent to which UCI is able to neutralize UHI by urban cooling. This study of this research was conducted in Kapanewon Depok around the North Ringroad zone. In the research, the Remote Sensing method was used utilizing Landsat-8 and processed with ArcGIS to determine the patterns and dynamics of UCI and UHI and was equipped with field data measurement and interviews data using questionnaires. The results obtained were that the coldest and largest UCI Spot was at Babarsari Camping Ground, 27,777°C in 159,218 m2, with green space types consisting of shrubs, grass, plants, mixed trees and flowing river. Questionnaire results show that the majority of residents still feel hot. It was concluded that although Green Space is useful in cooling cities, but UCI VS UHI is still dominated by UHI’s influence.
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Fawzi, Nurul Ihsan, i Marindah Yulia Iswari. "Analisis Heat Island pada Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit: Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Kayong Utara, Kalimantan Barat". Jurnal Wilayah dan Lingkungan 8, nr 2 (31.08.2020): 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jwl.8.2.106-115.
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Between 2000 – 2017, 3.06 million hectares of primary forest in Kalimantan have been converted into palm oil plantation. This change impacts local climate changes. This study aims is to analyze the heat island in palm oil plantation. The analytical method used surface temperature estimation through remote sensing and zonal statistics. The remote sensing data that are used is Landsat 8 images acquired on 15 July 2018 and 3 August 2019. From this research, we found that young palm oil plantations have an average IHI value of 2.1 ± 1.7oC in 2018 and 1.7 ± 1.4oC in 2019. The IHI value is close to the heat island in a built-up area. IHI for mature palm oil plantation (11-12 years) created a cool island with an intensity close to secondary forest. The decreasing value of IHI for 2018 and 2019 in palm oil plantations is due to the growth of palm oil trees, which decreases surface temperature. The implication of this research is to know heat island effect due to deforestation or land cover changes, especially change into palm oil plantations.
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Chen, Mei Zhu, Wei Wei i Shao Peng Wu. "On Cold Materials of Pavement and High-Temperature Performance of Asphalt Concrete". Materials Science Forum 620-622 (kwiecień 2009): 379–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.620-622.379.
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With global climate becoming warmer more and more attention is being paid to cold materials. Lower surface temperature contributes to decrease the temperature of the ambient air as heat convection intensity from a cooler surface is lower. Such temperature reductions can have significant impacts on cooling energy consumption in urban areas, a fact of particular importance in hot climate cities. The black surface of asphalt pavement absorbs more heat from the sun, and higher temperature of pavement surface contributes to increase the effect of the urban heat island, but affects the performance and life span of a pavement. Asphalt pavements form an integral part of any transportation system and are typically engineered to last 15 years or more, but many have been failing early due to potholes, cracks, raveling and other problems. Cool pavement are mainly aimed to decrease the effect of asphalt pavement on the urban heat island, but the influence of cold materials on the high-temperature performance of asphalt concrete pavement is paid little attention relatively. In this paper, it’s discussed that the effect of asphalt-pavement high temperature and its improving measures. And the mechanism of cool pavements is introduced, and possible technologies applied to asphalt pavements are reviewed. The idea of asphalt concrete pavement with automatic temperature-control is put forward.
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Sen, Sushobhan, Jeffery Roesler, Benjamin Ruddell i Ariane Middel. "Cool Pavement Strategies for Urban Heat Island Mitigation in Suburban Phoenix, Arizona". Sustainability 11, nr 16 (17.08.2019): 4452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11164452.
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Urban areas are characterized by a large proportion of artificial surfaces, such as concrete and asphalt, which absorb and store more heat than natural vegetation, leading to the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. Cool pavements, walls, and roofs have been suggested as a solution to mitigate UHI, but their effectiveness depends on local land-use patterns and surrounding urban forms. Meteorological data was collected using a mobile platform in the Power Ranch community of Gilbert, Arizona in the Phoenix Metropolitan Area, a region that experiences harsh summer temperatures. The warmest hour recorded during data collection was 13 August 2015 at 5:00 p.m., with a far-field air temperature of about 42 ∘ C and a low wind speed of 0.45 m/s from East-Southeast (ESE). An uncoupled pavement-urban canyon Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model was developed and validated to study the microclimate of the area. Five scenarios were studied to investigate the effects of different pavements on UHI, replacing all pavements with surfaces of progressively higher albedo: New asphalt concrete, typical concrete, reflective concrete, making only roofs and walls reflective, and finally replacing all artificial surfaces with a reflective coating. While new asphalt surfaces increased the surrounding 2 m air temperatures by up to 0.5 ∘ C, replacing aged asphalt with typical concrete with higher albedo did not significantly decrease it. Reflective concrete pavements decreased air temperature by 0.2–0.4 ∘ C and reflective roofs and walls by 0.4–0.7 ∘ C, while replacing all roofs, walls, and pavements with a reflective coating led to a more significant decrease, of up to 0.8–1.0 ∘ C. Residences downstream of major collector roads experienced a decreased air temperature at the higher end of these ranges. However, large areas of natural surfaces for this community had a significant effect on downstream air temperatures, which limits the UHI mitigation potential of these strategies.
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Yang, Junjing, Devi llamathy Mohan Kumar, Andri Pyrgou, Adrian Chong, Mat Santamouris, Denia Kolokotsa i Siew Eang Lee. "Green and cool roofs’ urban heat island mitigation potential in tropical climate". Solar Energy 173 (październik 2018): 597–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2018.08.006.
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Jian-kai, WANG, WANG Kai-cun i WANG Pu-cai. "Urban Heat（or Cool） Island over Beijing from MODIS Land Surface Temperature". National Remote Sensing Bulletin, nr 3 (2007): 330–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.11834/jrs.20070346.
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Karlessi, T., M. Santamouris, A. Synnefa, D. Assimakopoulos, P. Didaskalopoulos i K. Apostolakis. "Development and testing of PCM doped cool colored coatings to mitigate urban heat island and cool buildings". Building and Environment 46, nr 3 (marzec 2011): 570–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2010.09.003.
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Deng, Yingbin, Renrong Chen, Yichun Xie, Jianhui Xu, Ji Yang i Wenyue Liao. "Exploring the Impacts and Temporal Variations of Different Building Roof Types on Surface Urban Heat Island". Remote Sensing 13, nr 14 (20.07.2021): 2840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13142840.
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This study examined the impact of different types of building roofs on urban heat islands. This was carried out using building roof data from remotely sensed Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) imagery. The roofs captured included white surface, blue steel, dark metal, other dark material, and residential roofs; these roofs were compared alongside three natural land covers (i.e., forest trees, grassland, and water). We also collected ancillary data including building height, building density, and distance to the city center. The impacts of various building roofs on land surface temperature (LST) were examined by analyzing their correlation and temporal variations. First, we examined the LST characteristics of five building roof types and three natural land covers using boxplots and variance analysis with post hoc tests. Then, multivariate regression analysis was used to explore the impact of building roofs on LST. There were three key findings in the results. First, the mean LSTs for five different building roofs statistically differed from each other; these differences were more significant during the hot season than the cool season. Second, the impact of the five types of roofs on LSTs varied considerably from each other. Lastly, the contribution of the five roof types to LST variance was more substantial during the cool season. These findings unveil specific urban heat retention drivers, in which different types of building roofs are one such driver. The outcomes from this research may help policymakers develop more effective strategies to address the surface urban heat island phenomenon and its related health concerns.
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Anjos, Max, i António Lopes. "Urban Heat Island and Park Cool Island Intensities in the Coastal City of Aracaju, North-Eastern Brazil". Sustainability 9, nr 8 (4.08.2017): 1379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su9081379.
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Ilham S. M. Elsayed, Ilham S. M. Elsayed. "A Study on the Urban Heat Island of the City of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia". journal of King Abdulaziz University - Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture Sciences 23, nr 2 (10.04.2012): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/met.23-2.8.
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The study focuses on the Urban Heat Island (UHI) occurring at metropolitan regions through a case study done on the city of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Malaysia has 14 metropolitan regions with a popu-lation of 75,000 persons. Kuala Lumpur city is the capital city of Ma-laysia with a population of 1504300 persons, recognized as the greatest metropolitan area within the country. The study measures the intensity of the UHI of the city, number and location of cool and heat islands, and location of the nucleus of such UHI. Moreover, it compares the intensity and the location of UHI and the latest previous similar study done in 1985. Two methodologies combined to study the urban heat island of the city; weather station networks method and traverses survey method. The study used the Geographic Information System (GIS) technology to establish the colored contour maps showing the intensity of the urban heat island of the city. The study finds that, the temperature clearly varies from a weekday to weekend. The working days are relatively hot compared to non-working days (weekend). Furthermore, the location of the nucleus of the UHI is shifted from Chow Kit area to Puduraya area. In addition to this, it shows that, there is an increase in the intensity of the UHI of the city of Kuala Lumpur since last similar studies done in 1985 as compared to this study done in December 2004. It finds that, the increase in the intensity of the UHI of the city is 1.5o C, which is a recognized value whenever the human health and comfort are the concern.
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Sodoudi, Sahar, Parisa Shahmohamadi, Ken Vollack, Ulrich Cubasch i A. I. Che-Ani. "Mitigating the Urban Heat Island Effect in Megacity Tehran". Advances in Meteorology 2014 (2014): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/547974.
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Cities demonstrate higher nocturnal temperatures than surrounding rural areas, which is called “urban heat island” (UHI) effect. Climate change projections also indicate increase in the frequency and intensity of heat waves, which will intensify the UHI effect. As megacity Tehran is affected by severe heatwaves in summer, this study investigates its UHI characteristics and suggests some feasible mitigation strategies in order to reduce the air temperature and save energy. Temperature monitoring in Tehran shows clear evidence of the occurrence of the UHI effect, with a peak in July, where the urban area is circa 6 K warmer than the surrounding areas. The mobile measurements show a park cool island of 6-7 K in 2 central parks, which is also confirmed by satellite images. The effectiveness of three UHI mitigation strategies high albedo material (HAM), greenery on the surface and on the roofs (VEG), and a combination of them (HYBRID) has been studied using simulation with the microscale model ENVI-met. All three strategies show higher cooling effect in the daytime. The average nocturnal cooling effect of VEG and HYBRID (0.92, 1.10 K) is much higher than HAM (0.16 K), although high-density trees show a negative effect on nocturnal cooling.
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Wang, Jiayun, Fei Meng, Pingjie Fu i Fengxiang Jin. "Investigating the Coupling of Supply and Demand for Urban Blue and Green Spaces’ Cooling Effects in Shandong, China". Atmosphere 14, nr 2 (19.02.2023): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14020404.
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It is of great significance to determine the level of demand for thermal environment regulation and the availability of blue–green spaces for thermal environment regulation to alleviate the effects of urban heat islands. Taking Shandong Province, China, as the study area, combined multi–source remote sensing data are used in this study to construct the index system of cold island supply capacity (CIS) and the cold island demand level (CID). We use the methods of spatial regression, quadrant division, and coupling coordination degree to analyze the correlation, matching status, and the level of coordinated development between the supply capacity and demand for the cooling effect. We also explore the change law and spatial characteristics of the blue–green spaces’ cooling effects supply and demand matching. Results show that: (1) The CIS and the CID are significantly negatively correlated and spatially heterogeneous in distribution, with a significant spatial spillover effect. (2) The dominant type of supply and demand is one of low supply and high demand, which means that the supply and demand for cool islands’ cooling effect are unbalanced, with significant problems of spatial mismatch and quantitative imbalance. (3) The coupling between supply capacity and demand level is on the verge of becoming dysfunctional because the uneven distribution of urban buildings, population, and blue–green spaces reduce the coupling between supply and demand levels. This research can provide a new perspective and scientific basis for the study of the cooling effects of blue and green spaces and the mitigation of the heat island effect in densely populated urban centers.
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Mahadevia, Darshini. "Heat adaptation and health in the informal housing—An exploratory research in Ahmedabad, India". Sustainable Social Development 2, nr 4 (21.08.2024): 2461. http://dx.doi.org/10.54517/ssd.v2i4.2461.
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<p>As the global temperature rises, Urban Heat Island (UHI) impacts are slated to enhance in the cities due to temperature increase. The informal settlement dwellings, constructed of heat-absorbing materials, having poor ventilation, and located in neighborhoods with a lack of green and open spaces, are more vulnerable to heat than the formal housing settlements. Rising temperatures are expected to adversely impact the health of the population in general and of the dwellers of the informal settlements in particular. While replacing the entire informal housing stock with formal housing requires stupendous costs, modifying this housing through introducing cool roofs is an interim physical adaptation solution to mitigate the heat impacts. The objective of this exploratory study is to assess whether built environment characteristics, with emphasis on cool roofs introduced in dwelling units in the informal settlements in Ahmedabad City in India, have improved thermal comfort within these dwelling units and, if so, whether this intervention has translated into mitigating health impacts of heat. The study reveals that the cool roofs have reduced temperatures within the dwelling unit by 1 ℃ to 1.5 ℃ during peak summer days. But other built environment characteristics such as cross ventilation, ceiling height, trees adjoining the dwelling unit, and open space in the neighborhood too have contributed toward reducing indoor temperatures. Adaptation to high temperatures in the informal settlements requires localized, doable solutions in the immediate term.</p>
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Zhang, Zi Li, Hai Yan Yu, Zun Ying Hu, Bin Zhou i Ming Chun Han. "Urban Heat Island Effect Analysis around Hangzhou Bay between 2005 and 2009 Using Remotely Sensed Data". Applied Mechanics and Materials 143-144 (grudzień 2011): 639–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.143-144.639.
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By taking advantage of temporal and spatial remote sensing, the present paper was to map, identify and characterize urban heat island in rapid urbanization area of east China. For research areas including six metropolitan cities around Hangzhou bay in east China, urban heat island measurements were monitored from surface temperature maps at 1km resolution derived from MOD11A2 both day and night acquired in the year of 2005 and 2009. LST normalization with NDSTI was applied in order to quantify UHI spatial changes at four seasons. The result showed that urban heat island phenomenon expanded contiguously in the study area. Day change of UHI seems to be more chaos than night change due to day UHI influenced by both solar and human being activities. There was some kind of urban cool island phenomenon in winter when urban surface temperatures were to be -1 – 0°C lower than the ambient LST. Except for winter, other seasons' UHI during daytime changed from 0.5°C to 2.5 °C and nighttime strongly changed from 0.5°C to 5 °C in 2009. During the night, six cites' UHI roughly coincides and UHI in winter was the smallest and in autumn was the biggest one. The study provided causation and environmental awareness of urbanization to urban planners in future urban development.