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1
Duchnowski, Paul. "Simulation of sensorineural hearing impairment". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/96441.
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Johnson, Earl E. "Listening with Normal Hearing, Hearing Impairment, and Hearing Aids: An Audiologic Perspective". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1712.
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Laplante-Levesque, Ariane, Line V. Knudsen, Jill E. Preminger, Lesley Jones, Claus Nielsen, Marie Öberg, Thomas Lunner, Louise Hickson, Graham Naylor i Sophia E. Kramer. "Hearing help-seeking and rehabilitation: Perspectives of adults with hearing impairment". Linköpings universitet, Teknisk audiologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-74841.
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Objective: This study investigated the perspectives of adults with hearing impairment on hearing help-seeking and rehabilitation. Design: Individual semi-structured interviews were completed. Study sample: In total, 34 adults with hearing impairment in four countries (Australia, Denmark, UK, and USA) participated. Participants had a range of experience with hearing help-seeking and rehabilitation, from never having sought help to being satisfied hearing-aid users. Results: Qualitative content analysis identified four main categories (perceiving my hearing impairment, seeking hearing help, using my hearing aids, and perspectives and knowledge) and, at the next level, 25 categories. This article reports on the densest categories: they are described, exemplified with interview quotes, and discussed. Conclusions: People largely described hearing help-seeking and rehabilitation in the context of their daily lives. Adults with hearing impairment rarely described clinical encounters towards hearing help-seeking and rehabilitation as a connected process. They portrayed interactions with clinicians as isolated events rather than chronologically-ordered steps relating to a common goal. Clinical implications of the findings are discussed.Funding Agencies|University of Queensland Graduate School||
4
Kengmana, Caitlin. "Hearing aid satisfaction among adults with hearing impairment in New Zealand". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Communication Disorders, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10414.
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Introduction: This study investigated hearing aid (HA) satisfaction among adult with hearing impairment (HI) in New Zealand. This study aimed to answer three questions: 1) What are the current HA satisfaction levels amongst adult HA users in New Zealand? 2) How do the satisfaction findings of this study compare with other HA satisfaction data? 3) What client factors are related to HA satisfaction?
Method: Participants were recruited prospectively. They completed a questionnaire prior to HA fitting and a questionnaire three months post-fitting. Information was collected on: age, gender, HA experience, HI severity, hearing ability, change in hearing ability, hearing handicap, communication self-efficacy, change in communication self-efficacy, HA self-efficacy, HA usage, and number of appointments. HA satisfaction was measured via the Satisfaction with Amplification in Daily Life questionnaire (SADL; Cox & Alexander, 1999).
Results: Data were collected for 47 participants. Of these, 91.5% fell within or above the normative range for global satisfaction established by Cox & Alexander (1999). The mean SADL scores were predominantly high compared to previous research. Satisfaction with negative features of HAs was especially high in this study. However satisfaction with the service and cost of HAs was low compared to other research. SADL scores were found to significantly relate to age, gender, change in hearing ability, hearing handicap, communication self-efficacy, change in communication self-efficacy, and HA self-efficacy.
Conclusions: Results differed from previous research indicating that HA satisfaction may differ over time and across countries. Assessing HA satisfaction in a comprehensive standardised way, as opposed to with a single-item measure, can help identify important related factors. Targeting identified variables such as communication and HA self-efficacy may lead to improved treatment efficacy.
5
Frykholm, Carina. "Clinical and Genetic Studies of Hearing Impairment". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Universitetsbiblioteket [distributör], 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8290.
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Lecluyse, Wendy. "Enhanced procedures for assessment of hearing impairment". Thesis, University of Essex, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.495791.
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Pelissari, Isadora, Themis Maria Kessler i Saravanan Elangovan. "Prevalence Of Infant Hearing Impairment: International Multicenter". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1568.
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This review of scientific literature was performed in Brazillan and North American studies about the prevalence and assessment procedures of Infant Hearing Loss. Fourteen Brazilian articles and 12 American publications of prevalence between 2000 and 2012 were reviewed. The prvalence of infant hearing loss in Brazilian papers was between 0.2% and 10.2% and American papers from 0.22% to 3.61%. As or the procedures used for diagnosis there was a high similarity in the choice of methods.
8
Gale, Richard Benjamin. "Muffled, a novel mouse model of hearing impairment". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.509940.
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Fulford, Robert James. "Interactive performance for musicians with a hearing impairment". Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2013. http://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/400/.
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How can we perceive music if we cannot hear it properly? The achievements of deaf musicians suggest it is possible not only to perceive music, but to perform with other musicians. Yet very little research exists to explain how this is possible. This thesis addresses this problem and explores the premise that vibrations felt on the skin may facilitate interactive music making. An initial interview study found that, while vibrations are sometimes perceived, it is predominantly the use of visual and physical cues that are relied upon in group performance to help stay in time and in tune with other players. The findings informed the design of two observation studies exploring the effects of i) artificial attenuation of auditory information and ii) natural deafness on performance behaviours. It was shown that profound congenital deafness affected the players' movements and their gazes/glances towards each other while mild or moderate levels of attenuation or deafness did not. Nonetheless, all players, regardless of hearing level, reciprocated the behaviours of co-performers suggesting the influence of social factors benefitting verbal and non-verbal communication between players. Finally, a series of three psychophysical experiments was designed to explore the perception of pitch on the skin using vibrations. The first study found that vibrotactile detection thresholds were not affected by hearing impairments. The second established that the relative pitches of intervals larger than a major 6th were easy to discriminate, but this was not possible for semitones. The third showed that tones an octave apart could be memorised and identified accurately, but were confused when less than a perfect 4th apart. The thesis concludes by evaluating the potential of vibrotactile technology to facilitate interactive performance for musicians with hearing impairments. By considering the psychophysical, behavioural and qualitative data together, it is suggested that signal processing strategies in vibrotactile technology should take social, cognitive and perceptual factors into account.
10
Hua, Håkan. "Employees with Aided Hearing Impairment : An Interdisciplinary Perspective". Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Handikappvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-110375.
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In Sweden 13% of the general adult population (16-84 years), with or without hearing aids (HAs), report that they have difficulties following a conversation when more than two people are involved. This means that more than one million people in Sweden (9 500 000 inhabitants in total) report subjective hearing difficulties. Observations further indicate that that people with hearing impairment (HI) have an unfavorable position in the labor market. Individuals with HI report poorer health more frequently and estimate their own health to be worse than their normally-hearing peers. Increased unemployment, early health-related retirement and sick leaves are also more common for people with hearing loss compared to the population at large. The focus of the present thesis is employees with mild-moderate aided HI in the labor market. The research project had three general aims: 1) to develop knowledge about how HI interacts with cognitive abilities, and different types of work-related sound environments and workrelated tasks, 2) develop tests and assessment methods that allow for the analysis and assessment of perceived problems in clinical settings and 3) to develop knowledge that enables the possibility to provide recommendations of room acoustics and work-related tasks for employees with HI. Four studies were carried out. The studies presented in papers I-III are quantitative laboratory studies focusing on health related quality of life, cognition and effort and disturbance perceived in different types of occupational noise (daycare, office and traffic). Paper IV is a qualitative interview study aiming at exploring the conceptions of working life among employees with mild-moderate aided HI. The results from papers I-IV clearly demonstrate that noise has negative effects on employees with mild-moderate aided HI. In addition to generating significantly greater effort and disturbance, it is further reported from the participants that noise at work in combination with a HI has an impact on daily life. This includes a sense of exposure during work hours, physical and mental fatigue after work, and withdrawal from social situations in the work environment and leisure activities. None of the participants with HI performed significantly worse on the visual working tasks employed in this project compared to their normallyhearing peers. This thesis shows that employees with HI objectively perform the employed working tasks at a level similar to a well-matched normally-hearing control group. Instead, the findings of this thesis indicates that working in a noisy environment with a HI occurs at the expense of this group reporting significantly worse results on subjective measurements, including greater effort and disturbance, and lower physical health status. Interviews with these participants further confirm that these effects are indeed mostly due to noise at the workplace which could have a negative impact both physically, mentally and socially during and after work hours. The main findings of this thesis demonstrate that there is a need for extensive services for employees with HI even after a HA fitting. This thesis therefore emphasizes the importance of identifying the need for assistive listening devices, examining the room acoustics of the individual’s work setting and providing the workplace with information about the consequences of having a HI in order to facilitate communication at work. The latter is especially important as colleagues showing support and employers making adjustments at the workplace (technically or acoustically) are facilitating factors that would benefit both employees with HI and those with normal hearing. Additional research should focus on including and comparing other types of cognitive tests, work-related noises and working tasks. More research is also needed to unravel the complex area of research between factors such as cognitive processes, hearing and effort.Tidigare forskning har visat att yrkesverksamma hörselskadade oftast har en mindre gynnsam position på arbetsmarknaden. Statistik visar att gruppen upplever en högre grad av trötthet och en lägre grad av arbetstillfredställelse. Avhandlingen har tre övergripande syften: 1) att utveckla ny teoretisk kunskap om hur hörselnedsättning samspelar med kognitiva förmågor, arbetsrelaterad ljudmiljö och typ av arbetsuppgifter, och 2) utveckla test- och utredningsmetoder ger möjlighet till analys och diagnos av upplevda problem samt 3) utveckla kunskap som ger möjlighet till åtgärd och anpassning av ljudmiljöer och arbetsuppgifter på arbetsplatser för hörselskadade. Projektets resultat visar på att yrkesverksamma med hörselnedsättning rapporterar en lägre fysisk hälsostatus och att en högre grad av upplevd ansträngning samt störning kan upplevas när de utför olika arbetsuppgifter i buller. Detta beror bland annat på att de kognitiva förmågorna blir mer belastade i en bullrig miljö och att hörselskadade är mer känsliga för höga bullernivåer. Djupintervjuer med gruppen visar även på att fysisk trötthet upplevs även efter jobbet som i sin tur kan leda till psykosociala konsekvenser för individen. Denna avhandling visar att de negativa effekterna av buller redan ses vid en lätt-måttlig hörselnedsättning hos en grupp som redan använder hörapparater. Från ett kliniskt perspektiv innebär det att dagens rehabiliteringsåtgärder bör vara mer omfattande än endast hörapparaturprovning för denna grupp. Tekniska hjälpmedel (FM-system, streamers, hörslinga, etc.) är viktiga för yrkesverksamma med hörselskada och information om konsekvenserna av att leva med en hörselnedsättning bör nås ut till arbetsgivare och kollegor för att underlätta kommunikation på jobbet.
11
Wolber, Lisa Eleni. "The genetic epidemiology of age-related hearing impairment". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2015. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-genetic-epidemiology-of-agerelated-hearing-impairment(97622e04-21fe-4cc6-aee1-145bee728af5).html.
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Age-related hearing impairment (ARHI) affects 46% of the population over the age of 48 and with increasing life expectancy in Western nations, this incidence is likely to rise. The causes for this disorder are still poorly understood but there is known to be a heritable component of around 65%. In addition, epigenetic regulation of gene expression changes over time and may explain many age-related traits. The basis of this research was to explore genetic and epigenetic factors in ARHI to understand better the mechanisms involved in its pathology. Hearing data were obtained from female volunteers of the TwinsUK register using the gold standard measure, air-conduction pure-tone audiometry and a web-based speechin-noise perception test. The prevalence of ARHI in TwinsUK was comparable to previous reports. Heritability estimates based on the classical twin model confirmed a moderate heritability of hearing ability in TwinsUK, supporting the use of this sample in genetic association studies. Genome-wide association with hearing ability was performed in TwinsUK but no genome-wide significant polymorphisms were identified possibly due to inadequate sample size. Accordingly, the data were combined with existing genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of hearing function from the G-EAR consortium. This meta-analysis resulted in a genome-wide significant association with an exonic SNP of the SIK3 gene encoding salt-inducible kinase 3, a novel gene reported to regulate metabolism and skeletal development via HDAC4. Immunohistochemistry of sik3 in mouse models confirmed striking expression profiles A small epigenome-wide association study of hearing ability in TwinsUK (n=115) revealed an epigenome-wide significant association with a probe in the promoter region of TCF25. Epigenome-wide associations at two highly associated probes (TCF25 and POLE) were replicated in an independent sample from TwinsUK (n=203). DNA methylation at these genes was negatively correlated with expression of the same, indicating gene expression repression by DNA methylation. Furthermore, using identical twins discordant for hearing loss, differentially methylated regions were found at genes ACP6 and CCNDBP1. This research supports a role of common genetic variants in ARHI, including the novel association with SIK3, which may be essential for healthy hair cell development and maintenance of spiral ganglion cells with increased age. Differentially methylated in hair cells and spiral ganglion cells of mouse cochlea, validating a putative function of SIK3 in hearing ability. regions were significantly associated with ARHI and showed an effect on gene expression despite small sample size, supporting a role of epigenetic modifications in ARHI. This research is the first to report genome-wide significant association with SIK3 and epigenome-wide significant associations at TCF25 with ARHI, which may shed light on the pathways involved in this disabling condition.
12
Clark, Matthew Ryan. "Novel word learning of children with hearing impairment and children with typical hearing". [Huntington, WV : Marshall University Libraries], 2009. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=947.
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Thomas, Karen. "Audiological Outcomes for Adults with a Mild Hearing Impairment". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Communication Disorders, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9118.
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A hearing impairment is one of the three leading causes of disability worldwide. It is estimated that 600 million people around the world have a hearing impairment, which affects their communication abilities, causes them to feel isolated and depressed, and impacts their economic situation. Because a decrease in the ability to hear is associated with getting older and life expectancy is increasing, the number of hearing impaired individuals is expected to increase.
Much of the current research on adults with a hearing impairment focusses on a disabling hearing impairment, which is a loss of at least 40 dB HL or worse in the better ear. The research on a mild hearing impairment is predominantly focussed on children, specifically on educational effects. The aims of this study were to identify demographic, audiometric and quality of life differences between adults with a mild hearing impairment who adopt hearing aids and those who choose not to adopt hearing aids, and to measure clinical outcomes for adults with a mild hearing impairment who adopt hearing aids.
Two groups of clients with a mild hearing impairment were compared. One group consisted of hearing aid adopters whilst the other group consisted of non-adopters. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of demographic variables, such as age, gender or working status, or objective audiometric variables. We found a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of subjective audiometric variables. Hearing aid adopters rated their hearing impairment worse than the non-adopters and were more inclined to change their current situation than the non-adopters. In addition, the adopters showed significant clinical improvement after wearing their hearing aids for an extended period of time.
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Johnson, Earl E. "The Efficient Frontier of Normal Hearing Versus the Restoration of Sensorineural Hearing Impairment via Advanced Hearing Aids". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1744.
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King, Andrew Jonathan. "Spatial hearing and temporal processing in old and hearing-impaired individuals". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/spatial-hearing-and-temporal-processing-in-old-and-hearingimpaired-individuals(156ec05b-e6e8-466d-9025-d2d176f435d4).html.
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Small timing differences occur when sounds reach one ear before the other, creating interaural phase differences (IPDs). The phase-locked activity in the auditory nerve can, at low frequencies, preserve IPDs. IPDs are used for localising and separating sounds from different directions. Chapters 3, 5, and 6 report three studies of the independent effects of age and sensorineural hearing loss on the temporal processing of sound that aids spatial hearing. Chapters 2 and 4 describe two supporting methodological studies. Chapter 2 compared the duration of training required for stable IPD-discrimination thresholds for two stimulus presentation procedures. The procedure requiring the least training was adopted for subsequent studies. Age and hearing loss are related and both may affect sensitivity to IPDs. Chapter 3 demonstrated that hearing loss, regardless of listener age, is related to poorer sensitivity to IPDs in the temporal fine structure (TFS), but not in the temporal envelope. Chapter 3 also showed that age, independent of hearing loss, is related to poorer envelope-IPD sensitivity at low modulation rates, and somewhat poorer TFS-IPD sensitivity. In Chapter 5, listener age and IPD sensitivity were both compared to subcortical neural phase locking measured through the frequency-following response (FFR). Phase coherence in the envelope-FFR at 145 Hz modulation and in the TFS-FFR deteriorated with age, suggesting less precise phase locking in old age. However, age-related changes to IPD sensitivity were not strongly related to age-related changes in FFR phase coherence. IPD sensitivity declines may be predominantly caused by deterioration of binaural processing independent of subcortical phase locking. Chapter 4 showed that electrodes at the mastoids recorded TFS-FFR generated earlier in the auditory pathway than electrodes from the nape of the neck to forehead, which recorded FFR generated later in the brainstem. However, these electrode montages did not reveal different age- or hearing-loss-related FFR deficits in Chapter 5. Chapter 6 determined whether hearing loss affected the ability to use TFS IPDs to achieve better speech perception. On average, old hearing-impaired listeners gained a small, but significant, benefit from a lateral separation of the speech sources. Replacing the TFS with binaurally in-phase sine waves (removing the TFS IPDs) significantly reduced the benefit of lateral separation. How much a listener benefitted from intact TFS IPDs in speech perception was strongly related to the extent of their hearing loss at low frequencies and their monaural processing of TFS, but not to their ability to discriminate IPDs. In general, this thesis shows that low-frequency hearing loss is associated with poor sensitivity to TFS IPDs and the ability to benefit from them when sounds are laterally separated. The thesis also shows that old age can reduce sensitivity to IPDs and weaken subcortical temporal coding. Although only partly related, these effects are likely to cause problems for old individuals in challenging listening environments.
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Kuronen, P. (Pentti). "Military aviation noise:noise-induced hearing impairment and noise protection". Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2004. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514274261.
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Abstract
This research on military aviation noise was conducted because the
personnel working with military aircraft were concerned about noise
induced hearing damage. In addition, comprehensive data on hearing
impairments and occupational exposure of military pilots in the Finnish
Air Force was not available. Moreover, data on the effects of overflight
noise of military jets was necessary for the evaluation of noise induced
hearing deteriorations of members of the public who might be exposured
accidentally for the low-level jets' overflights.
The averaged noise exposure levels of pilots varied during a
flight from 97 dB(A) to 106 dB(A) in the cockpit and from 83 dB(A) to
100 dB(A) at the entrance of the ear canal. Radio noise was 4–10
dB higher than background noise inside the helmet. The attenuation
provided by air crew helmets varied from10 to 21 dB(A) in the
laboratory, and was at the same level during real flights. The
attenuation measured in the laboratory and in working conditions was
about 30 dB(A) for earmuffs. An active noise cancellation (ANC) device
decreased averaged noise exposure (LAeq8min)
4–8
dB over the noise attenuation of the same helmets when the ANC system
was off.
The noise of overflights by military jets were measured and the
noise levels were lower than those known to cause the permanent
threshold shifts. However, noise induced hearing damages might be
possible in certain conditions.
In order to assess the hearing loss risk of pilots, hearing
thresholds were measured before and after one flight using both
conventional and extended high frequency (EHF) audiometry. Minor
temporary threshold shifts (TTS) were revealed. The risk of
noise-induced damage at the studied exposure levels is, in all
probability, rather small.
A novel NoiseScan data management system proved to be an
interesting tool in assessment of the risk of developing hearing
impairment on the basis of known risk factors. Due to the small number
of risk factors, the hearing of pilots was shown to be at considerably
less risk than that of industrial workers in Finland.
17
Johnson, Earl E., i Dan Bell. "The Diagnosis and Rehabilitation of Listeners with Hearing Impairment". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1714.
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Walker, Jennifer. "The Maturation of Cortical Auditory Evoked Potentials in Children with Normal Hearing and Hearing Impairment". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Communication Disorders, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2195.
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Cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) are a non-invasive tool that can provide objective information on the functioning of the auditory pathways. As a result, there is increasing use of these measurements to support the early implantation of cochlear implants in children. However, the maturation of CAEPs in children who have received cochlear implants is still not well understood. This study investigated five children who received cochlear implants prior to 3.5 years of age and compared their CAEP waveforms to five normal-hearing children who were matched for age and five normal-hearing children who were matched for time-in-sound. In addition, a case study was completed, comparing an age-matched child who received hearing aids prior to 3.5 years of age to one of the children with cochlear implants. The latencies and amplitudes of the positive and negative peaks (P1, N1, P2, and N2) of the CAEP waveforms were measured and analysed using statistical techniques, including one-way repeated measures ANOVA. Our hypothesis was that children who received cochlear implants prior to 3.5 years of age would have CAEPs similar to their age-matched peers with normal hearing. Additionally, it was expected that the two matched children with hearing instruments would have CAEP waveforms that are similar. The measurements recorded demonstrated no conclusive results between the children with cochlear implants and either of the normal hearing groups. In the case study, the latencies and amplitudes of the child with a cochlear implant were similar to those of the child with hearing aids, supporting the second hypothesis. This study highlights the need for further research on a larger scale in order to more clearly determine the manner in which CAEP waveforms mature in children with cochlear implants.
19
Chien, Shu-Jane. "Cognitive addition : strategy choice in young children with normal hearing and children with hearing impairment /". The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487844948074841.
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Leung, Po-ling. "Repair strategies used by Cantonese speaking children with hearing impairment". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36209715.
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Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 1998."A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, April 30, 1998." Also available in print.
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Häkli, S. (Sanna). "Childhood hearing impairment in northern Finland:prevalence, aetiology and additional disabilities". Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2014. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526206622.
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Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and aetiology of childhood hearing impairment (HI) in northern Finland and to evaluate the presence of additional disabilities among hearing impaired children. Such data would be valuable in guiding examinations and rehabilitation. Study I consisted of 214 children with mild to profound HI ascertained prior to age 10 years. They belonged to the birth cohort spanning the years 1993–2002. The clinical data were collected from the patient records of the Oulu University Hospital. In studies II–III, mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and in the WFS1 gene were determined in children with unknown aetiology of HI. Study IV is a prospective follow-up study examining the hearing of children with m.1555A>G mutation in mtDNA. The prevalence of childhood HI was 2.3/1000 live births. Genetic causes were the most common (47%) aetiology of HI, while 16% of cases were acquired and 36% were unknown. Almost 40% of 214 children had one or more additional disabilities that adversely influenced their development or learning. The frequency of additional disabilities was not associated with the severity of HI. Children with acquired HI had additional disabilities more often (66%) than children with genetic or unknown aetiology of HI (44%). Molecular analysis revealed that mutations in mtDNA and WFS1 are rare causes of childhood HI. Three rare variants and the novel p.Gly831Ser variant were found in WFS1. The p.Gly831Ser variant may be a new member to the group of heterozygous WFS1 mutations that lead to HI. One child harboured the pathogenic m.1555A>G mutation in MT-RNR1. In addition, eight rare variants and 13 polymorphisms were found in MT-RNR1 or in MT-RNR2. Evaluation of m.990T>C suggested that this transition is a pathogenic rather than a neutral variant. During a 7.8 year follow up of 19 children with m.1555A>G, HI was ascertained in 10 children (age range, 2.1–13.2 years at the end of the follow-up). Distinct phenotypes of HI were identified. Environmental factors contributing to the phenotype variation were not recognized. Because these children generally pass the newborn hearing screening, it is important to follow over time the hearing of children in families with the m.1555A>G mutationTiivistelmä Tämän työn tavoitteena oli tutkia lapsuusiän kuulovikojen esiintyvyyttä ja etiologiaa pohjoissuomalaisilla lapsilla sekä selvittää kuulovikaisilla lapsilla esiintyviä muita oireita. Tieto kuulovian etiologiasta ja mahdollisista muista oireista auttaa tutkimusten ja kuntoutuksen suunnittelussa. Tutkimukseen osallistuvat lapset olivat syntyneet Pohjois-Suomessa vuosina 1993–2002. Osatyössä I kerättiin sairauskertomustiedot niistä lapsista, joiden kuulovika oli todettu ennen kymmenen vuoden ikää. Osatöissä II ja III määritettiin mitokondrion DNA:n ja tuman WFS1-geenin muutoksia lapsilla, joiden kuulovian etiologia oli tuntematon. Osatyössä IV seurattiin lasten kuuloa suvussa, jossa on todettu mitokondrion DNA:n mutaatio m.1555A>G. Lapsuusiän kuulovikojen esiintyvyys oli 2,3 tuhatta vastasyntynyttä kohden. Kuulovian yleisin syy oli perinnöllinen (47 %). Hankinnaisia kuulovikoja oli 16 % ja etiologialtaan tuntemattomia 36 %. Lähes 40 %:lla 214 lapsesta oli kuulovian lisäksi yksi tai useampi muu oire, jonka arvioitiin vaikuttaneen haitallisesti lapsen kehitykseen tai oppimiseen. Muiden oireiden esiintyminen ei riippunut kuulovian vaikeusasteesta. Hankinnaiseksi luokiteltuihin kuulovikoihin liittyi enemmän muita oireita (66 %) kuin niihin kuulovikoihin, joiden syy oli perinnöllinen tai tuntematon (44 %). Pohjoissuomalaisilla lapsilla mitokondrion DNA:n ja WFS1-geenin muutokset olivat harvinaisia kuulovian syitä. WFS1-geenissä todettiin kolme aikaisemmin tunnettua harvinaista ja yksi uusi geenimuutos. Tämän p.Gly831Ser-mutaation arvioitiin olevan heterotsygoottisena kuulovikaa aiheuttava muutos. Yhdellä lapsella todettiin mitokondrion DNA:n patogeeninen mutaatio m.1555A>G. Lisäksi MT-RNR1- ja MT-RNR2-geeneissä todettiin 13 polymorfiaa, jotka kuuluvat normaaliin vaihteluun ja kahdeksan harvinaista muutosta, joista m.990T>C-muutos on todennäköisesti kuulovikaa aiheuttava. Seurantatutkimukseen osallistui 19 lasta, joilla oli m.1555A>G-mutaatio. Seuranta kesti 7,8 vuotta, ja sen aikana ilmaantui kuulovika 10 lapselle, joiden ikä tutkimuksen loppuessa oli 2,1–13,2 vuotta. Todetut kuuloviat olivat keskenään erilaisia. Vaihtelua selittäviä ympäristötekijöitä ei todettu. Lasten kuuloa on tärkeää seurata perheissä, joissa on m.1555A>G-mutaatio, koska lapset yleensä läpäisevät vastasyntyneen kuulonseulontatutkimuksen ja mahdollinen kuulovika kehittyy myöhemmin
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Wilson, David H. "Hearing in South Australia : disability, impairment and quality-of-life /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw7469.pdf.
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Alhanbali, Sara. "Measuring listening effort and fatigue in adults with hearing impairment". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/measuring-listening-effort-and-fatigue-in-adults-with-hearing-impairment(fa6d3a70-b157-4f17-9a13-b45c47d627e0).html.
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Hearing loss increases the cognitive demands required to attend to, and understand, an auditory message. There are numerous anecdotal reports of sustained listening effort and fatigue in individuals with hearing loss. Therefore, listening effort and fatigue might be important consequences of hearing loss that are not captured by standard audiometric procedures. The aim of the first study was to quantify real-world listening effort and fatigue in adults with hearing loss. Participants included 50 experienced hearing aid users, 50 cochlear implant users, 50 adults with single-sided deafness, and a control group of 50 adults with 'good' hearing. The study used the generic 10-item Fatigue Assessment Scale and a locally-developed 6-item Listening Effort Scale. The results revealed that all three groups of adults with hearing loss reported significantly greater listening effort and fatigue, relative to the control group. Listening effort (or fatigue) were not correlated with hearing level in the hearing aid group and there was no significant difference in mean effort/fatigue between the three groups. The main aim of the second study was to investigate the correlation between hearing handicap and self-reported listening effort and fatigue. Participants included 86 adults with hearing loss, some of whom were hearing aid users. Handicap was measured using the 25-item Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly. The results revealed a significant positive correlation between hearing handicap and both listening effort and fatigue. These findings are consistent with models and frameworks of listening effort and fatigue, which suggest that fatigue is a motivational control mechanism i.e., fatigue will be experienced if sustained effort is not perceived as rewarding. During the preparation of this thesis, there has been an explosion of peer-reviewed publications on the topic of listening effort and fatigue; however, the literature is as confusing as it is voluminous: potential measures of listening effort and fatigue (self-report, behavioural, and physiological) frequently do not correlate with each other and sometimes result in contradictory findings. This raises questions about the sensitivity and reliability of the different measures along with the possibility that listening effort is a multidimensional phenomenon. Therefore, the aim of the final study was to investigate the reliability of potential measures of listening effort, to identify if they correlate with each other, and to use Factor Analysis to identify if the different measures tap into the same underlying dimension. Listening effort was measured simultaneously using multi-modal measures including: pupillometry, EEG alpha power, skin conductance, reaction time, and self-report. Recordings were obtained while 116 participants, with normal to severe hearing loss, performed a speech-in-noise task. Results revealed that the measures are mostly reliable. There were weak or non-significant correlations between the measures. Factor Analysis revealed that the measures grouped into four underlying dimensions, which we interpret as: i) performance, ii) cognitive processing, iii) alertness, and iv) behavioural consequences. The findings of this PhD thesis revealed that high levels of listening effort and fatigue are common amongst adults with hearing loss. This suggests that a more comprehensive assessment of hearing disability should include measures of listening effort/fatigue. Further, the findings revealed that listening effort and fatigue correlate with perceived difficulties but not hearing level. The relationship between hearing level and effort/fatigue, like hearing impairment and hearing handicap, is not straightforward. Finally, measures of listening effort tap into independent dimensions. This latter finding provides a framework for understanding and interpreting listening effort, and has widespread implications for both research and clinical practice.
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Isaacs, Qaanita. "Periodontal status and associated factors in adults with hearing impairment". University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7021.
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Magister Chirurgiae Dentium (MChD)Hearing impairment contributes significantly to the global burden of disabilities and has reported to be a prevalent disability in South Africa. The hearing impaired population has been associated with low levels of oral health due to numerous factors concomitant with reduced oral health care and knowledge. This predisposes these persons to oral disease including periodontal disease. Aim: To determine the prevalence of periodontal disease and the associated factors in adults with hearing impairment in designated facilities in the Western Cape, South Africa. Objectives: 1. To determine the oral health care practices in adults with hearing impairment. 2. To determine oral health knowledge of adults with hearing impairment. 3. To determine the frequency of dental visits of adults with hearing impairment and identify any associated barriers. 4. To determine the prevalence of periodontal disease in adults with hearing impairment in designated facilities in the Western Cape, South Africa. 5. To determine the relationship between the prevalence of periodontal disease and associated factors including; sociodemographic factors, oral health care practices, oral health knowledge and frequency of dental visits in adults with hearing impairment. Methodology: A quantitative, analytical cross-sectional study design was employed. A research questionnaire was used to evaluate oral health care practices, oral health knowledge, frequency of dental visits and related barriers to access oral health care. An intra-oral examination was conducted to determine the plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) using the Ramjford six teeth. Data was analysed in Microsoft Excel and StataCorp using frequencies, means, standard deviations, confidence intervals, Chi-square and Fishers exact tests. Results: The prevalence of gingivitis was 100% and the prevalence of periodontitis was 26.09% amongst hearing impaired adults. The mean gingival index score (GI) was 1.24 (STD±0.49; 95% CI: 1.14-1.35) and the mean plaque index score (PI) was 1.3 (STD±0.5; 95% CI: 1.2-1.4). Periodontitis prevalence was established for those participants presenting with an average clinical attachment loss (CAL) of >3mm and the mean clinical attachment loss was 4.47mm (STD ±1.41; 95% CI: 4.18-4.76mm) for those presenting with evidence of periodontitis. Age was statistically significant (p<0.05). Prevalence of periodontitis was evident amongst participants over the age of 35 years with a mean age of 48years (STD±13). Oral health care showed a lack of the use of dental floss and regular dental visits. Access to dental care was compromised primarily due to communication barriers, dental fear and a low priority of oral health. Conclusion: The necessity of oral health care and oral health knowledge in hearing impaired adults such as education and motivation for the need of dental flossing, the use of fluoridated toothpastes and the benefits of regular dental visits, must be emphasized. Oral health care workers should strive to intensify efforts to facilitate a favourable periodontal health status amongst hearing impaired adults.
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Hind, Sarah E. "Language, perception and production in profoundly deaf children". Thesis, Loughborough University, 1993. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/16104.
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Prelingually profoundly deaf children usually experience problems with language learning (Webster, 1986; Campbell, Burden & Wright, 1992). The acquisition of written language would be no problem for them if normal development of reading and writing was not dependent on spoken language (Pattison, 1986). However, such children cannot be viewed as a homogeneous group since some, the minority, do develop good linguistic skills. Group studies have identified several factors relating to language skills: hearing loss and level of loss, I.Q., intelligibility, lip-reading, use of phonology and memory capacity (Furth, 1966; Conrad, 1979; Trybus & Karchmer, 1977; Jensema, 1975; Baddeley, Papagno & Vallar, 1988; Baddeley & Wilson, 1988; Hanson, 1989; Lake, 1980; Daneman & Carpenter,1980). These various factors appear to be interrelated, with phonological awareness being implicated in most. So to understand behaviour, measures of all these factors must be obtained. The present study aimed to achieve this whilst investigating the prediction that performance success may be due to better use of phonological information. Because linguistic success for the deaf child is exceptional, a case study approach was taken to avoid obscuring subtle differences in performance. Subjects were screened to meet 6 research criteria: profound prelingual deafness, no other known handicap, English the first language in the home, at least average non-verbal IQ , reading age 7-9 years and inter-subject dissimilarities between chronological reading age discrepancies. Case histories were obtained from school records and home interviews. Six subjects with diverse linguistic skills were selected, four of which undertook all tests. Phonological awareness and development was assessed across several variables: immediate memory span, intelligibility, spelling, rhyme judgement, speech discrimination and production. There was considerable inter-subject performance difference. One boy's speech production was singled out for a more detailed analysis. Useful aided hearing and consistent contrastive speech appear to be implicated in other English language skills. It was concluded that for phonological awareness to develop, the deaf child must receive useful inputs from as many media as possible (e.g., vision, audition, articulation, sign and orthography). When input is biassed toward the more reliable modalities of audition and articulation, there is a greater possibility of a robust and useful phonology being derived and thus better access to the English language.
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Whybrow, Jonathan James. "Experiments relating to the tactile perception of speech". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269739.
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White, Louise Jane. "Auditory temporal integration". Thesis, University of Sussex, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282968.
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Callaway, Alison. "Deaf children and their families in China". Thesis, University of Bristol, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246298.
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Lash, Brittany Nicole. "DEAF OR HEARING: A HEARING IMPAIRED INDIVIDUAL’S NAVIGATION BETWEEN TWO WORLDS". UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/149.
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identity play an important role in how they communicate and interact with other individuals. One group in which identity construction and navigation is a difficult process is the hearing impaired population. In an effort to understand how these individuals construct their identity and navigate their hearing impairment, this study utilizes Communication Theory of Identity. Through the use of interactive interviews, the researcher was able to examine how 11 participants manage their identity as hearing impaired individuals. The interviews provided insight into the four layers of identity proposed by CTI – personal, relational, enacted, and communal – in the hearing impaired individual. The author discusses the themes within each of the four layers and the gaps present between the layers that emerged as the hearing impaired participants discussed how they navigate their hearing impairment. Furthermore, the implications of these themes and gaps within the hearing impaired individual’s identity, such as feeling disconnected from both the Deaf and hearing communities, are examined.
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Volpato, Francesca <1975>. "The acquisition of relative clauses and phi-features: evidence from hearing and hearing-impaired populations". Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/1024.
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Questo studio indaga la produzione e la comprensione delle frasi relative restrittive sul soggetto (OS) e sull’oggetto (OO) in diverse popolazioni di individui sordi (bambini con impianto cocleare e adolescenti segnanti LIS) e udenti (bambini, adolescenti e adulti), per mezzo di un task di produzione elicitata e di un task di selezione d’agente. L’analisi della comprensione ha mostrato una differenza significativa tra i sordi e gli udenti nell’uso delle combinazioni dei tratti di numero. Tuttavia, per tutti i partecipanti è stato individuato un tipico gradiente di difficoltà: le OS sono risultate più facili delle OO, e le OO sono risultate più facili delle relative sull’oggetto con soggetto postverbale (OOp). Anche nella prova di produzione, le OS sono state prodotte con più facilità rispetto alle OO. Diverse sono state invece le strategie di risposta quando una OO era elicitata, e pattern di performance diversi sono stati identificati a seconda della maturazione linguistica raggiunta. La performance dei partecipanti è stata spiegata tramite fenomeni di “attraction” e proposte linguistiche recenti sulle relazioni di località e di accordo.The aim of this study is to investigate the production and comprehension of subject (OS) and object (OO) restrictive relative clauses in various hearing and hearing-impaired populations (cochlear-implanted children, adolescent LIS signers, hearing children, hearing adolescents, and hearing adults). An agent selection task and an elicited production task were adopted to test the individuals’ competence. The analysis of the comprehension showed that a significant difference between hearing-impaired and hearing subjects was attested in the different combinations of number features. In any case, for all participants a typical gradient of difficulty was found. OSs are easier than OOs, and OOs are easier than object relatives with a postverbal subject (OOp). In the production task, the asymmetry between OSs and OOs was replicated. OSs were produced more easily than OOs. Different response strategies were adopted when an OOs was targeted; the pattern of response varied according to the linguistic maturation achieved. The performance of the participants was explained by attraction phenomena and recent linguistic proposals on locality and agreement.
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Spaulding, Tammie J. "Attentional Control in Preschool Children with Specific Language Impairment". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194819.
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This research was guided by a theoretical framework positing that children with typical language apply general cognitive resources, such as attention, to facilitate language acquisition, and limitations in these processes may contribute to poor language skills. From this perspective, studying the attentional functioning of children who exhibit difficulty with language would have value for both informing this theory and understanding the nature of the disorder. However, research on the attention of children with specific language impairment (SLI) is limited, as only a few subdomains have been addressed to date. In addition, although school-age children with SLI have been studied, the assessment of attentional functioning in preschool children with this disorder has been minimal. This is likely the result the limitations inherent to the methods used for evaluating attentional skills at younger ages. The purpose of this research was to extend a method previously used successfully with preschool children to study selected aspects of attentional control including susceptibility to distraction, inhibitory control, and updating skills. The research questions were: (a) Do children with SLI exhibit increased susceptibility to distraction relative to their typically-developing peers, and if so, does it vary according to the type of distracter (visual, nonverbal-auditory, linguistic) presented? (b) Do children with SLI exhibit poor inhibitory control relative to their typically-developing peers? (c) Do children with SLI and their typically-developing peers display evidence of updating? Thirty-one preschool children with SLI and 31 controls participated in two computer tasks designed to assess these mechanisms of attentional control. The susceptibility to distraction task involved resisting distracters presented in different stimulus modalities (visual and auditory-linguistic/nonlinguistic). Inhibition and updating skills were assessed using a stop signal paradigm. In comparison to typically-developing children, the children with SLI exhibited increased susceptibility to distraction and poor inhibitory control. Unlike the controls, they exhibited no evidence of updating. The results of this investigation will contribute to a long-term goal of addressing how attention may affect language acquisition in children with SLI. In addition, the successful methodology employed in this study may offer an improved procedure for diagnosing attentional difficulties at an early age, regardless of language status.
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Parry, Dianne Charlene. "Relationship between Cognitive Anxiety Level and Client Variables at First Consultation for Adults with Hearing Impairment". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Communication Disorders, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7826.
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Hearing impairment (HI) is a growing health issue in today’s ageing society. Research has suggested that individuals with HI may experience increased levels of anxiety. Previous research has mainly focused on anxiety as a trait; recent research, however, has looked at state anxiety in the hearing impaired population. Cognitive anxiety is a state anxiety that occurs when people encounter a situation which does not lie within their construct system. As a result, they may experience anxiety as they are unable, or only partially able, to interpret the event meaningfully and are therefore unable to judge the implications of this event. The following study aimed to use the Cognitive Anxiety Scale to investigate relationships between cognitive anxiety and client variables in hearing impaired individuals, adding to the small amount of research currently available in this area. The following research questions were investigated: (1) Is there a relationship between cognitive anxiety level and (a) age, (b) gender, (c) audiometric variables, and (d) quality of life? (2) Is there a significant difference between the level of cognitive anxiety for the participants who purchased and kept hearing aids and those who did not? Twenty-five hearing impaired individuals who were consulting an audiologist for the first time participated in this study, with the cognitive anxiety interview conducted prior to the audiological assessment. The results indicated that cognitive anxiety was significantly related to an ability to understand speech in noise and quality of life, and that hearing aid adopters exhibited greater levels of cognitive anxiety than non-adopters. These results confirm that cognitive anxiety is indeed experienced by adults with HI, and suggest that it may be a factor which motivates people to adopt hearing aids. Further research is needed to confirm and further investigate the relationships with client variables. By listening for signs of cognitive anxiety, an audiologist may be able to gauge if a client is ready for rehabilitation, and encourage the process by exploring the effects of HI on communication situations, employing speech in noise testing, and including the significant other in the process.
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Chiu, Lai-yi Elsa. "Use of words and sentence structure among students with hearing impairment". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29789473.
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張嘉恩 i Ka-yan Winnie Cheung. "The phonological mediation hypothesis evidence from Chinese students with hearing impairment". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47233576.
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In Western countries, there are around 8-10% of school age children suffering
from mild to moderate reading difficulties. Similarly, in Hong Kong the prevalence
of reading difficulties among school age children was found to be 9.7- 12%. An
understanding of the mechanisms involved in reading helps us to determine the skills
necessary for successful reading.
The Phonological Mediation Hypothesis (PMH), which claims that
phonological recoding is a necessary phase during lexical access, is widely known
for its postulation that phonological awareness would be a significant prognostic
indicator of reading development. Theoretically, individuals who have difficulties in
phonological recoding during lexical access should also encounter reading
difficulties. Good readers with hearing impairment are, therefore, considered as
counter examples of PMH.
If the above prediction of PHM is true, skilled readers with hearing impairment
should have the ability to develop an intact phonological representation and hence
are more capable of phonological recoding. In this study, the reading behaviors of
children with hearing impairment (HI), that of their reading level matched (RL) and
that of their chronological age matched (CA) controls were compared in three
tasks—an auditory perceptual task of onset rime awareness (TAPOR); a synonym
decision task (SDT); and a homophone decision task (HDT). The results for TAPOR
showed that auditory perceptual ability (APOR) accounted for 49% of the variance in
the reading ability of children with hearing impairment. In addition, results of cross
group comparisons on the scores in TAPOR demonstrated a possible causal
relationship between APOR and reading ability in subjects with hearing impairment.
On the other hand, SDT and HDT results indicated a significant preference for
orthographic foils in RL and HI subjects with low reading ability. An increasing
tendency to choose synonyms or homophones, and a decreasing tendency to use
orthographic distractors was observed across subject groups with Primary 1, Primary
2 and Primary 6 reading abilities. A similar but delayed pattern of change in
preference for distractors was observed in HI subjects. The results only partially
agree with PMH. An alternative hypothesis—the Psycholinguistic Grain Size
Theory (PGST) — might be a better model to explain the observed results. With
reference to the results of TAPOR, the correlation between reading ability and
auditory perceptual ability could be explained in terms of the ‘availability problem’
postulated in this latter model. In the same way, the early emergence of orthographic
effect in almost all subjects except CA controls and the late emergence of a number
of reading strategies operating at different levels of grain size can be better explained
by ‘consistency problems’ and ‘granularity problems’ proposed in PGST. These
findings are considered, and directions for further studies are outlined.published_or_final_version
Speech and Hearing Sciences
Master
Master of Philosophy
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Walters, Cyrill Agnes. "Music development and hearing impairment : a case study of Evelyn Glennie". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12741.
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Bibliography: leaves 70-76.The purpose of this research is twofold: firstly, it examines the extrinsic and intrinsic factors that contributed to the successful career of the profoundly hearing impaired internationally acclaimed solo percussionist Evelyn Glennie. Secondly, this investigation aims to create an awareness amongst South African music educators about the musical potential of the hearing impaired. The qualitative research design included (a) structured and unstructured interviews with Evelyn Glennie, Lucinda Rutter, an educator of the hearing impaired, Ronel Davids, a social worker for the hearing impaired and official sign language interpreter in Parliament, Arman Kleinschmidt, who is the director of DEAFSA (Deaf Federation of South Africa), (b) a study of audiovisual material of Evelyn Glennie (concerts, recordings and a documentary of Evelyn Glennie) and (c) a study of relevant literature. The investigation consists of three main parts. In the first part an in-depth theoretical study is conducted on hearing and listening, exploring aspects such as the hearing anatomical system and its functions, failings of the system as well as musical hearing and cognitive-based musical listening. The second part deals with the case study on Evelyn Glennie and includes a structured electronic interview. The third part involves an examination of the socio-cultural aspect of hearing impairment with reference to the Cape Town hearing impaired community. Interviews were conducted with social workers and ducators working with the hearing impaired community.
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Carter, Lyndal. "The implications of leisure noise for young people with hearing impairment". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16047.
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There is scientific evidence that some leisure activities involve potentially hazardous noise. This cross-sectional cohort study was the first to investigate the implications of leisure-noise exposure for young people with early hearing impairment (HI). Participants (n = 268) were surveyed about health, leisure participation, attitudes to noise, hearing aid use and hearing protective strategies. Hearing threshold level (HTL) and other clinical data were collected. Leisure data were used to estimate individual whole-of-life noise exposure. Attitudes to noise, leisure participation and noise exposure data were compared with those of an age-matched cohort with 'normal' (non-impaired) hearing (NH). The attitudes towards noise risk of parents of children in the HI participant group, and parents of children with NH, were also surveyed and compared. Although almost 50% of participants (without specific risk factors for progressive hearing loss) had experienced HTL shift, an association between HTL shift and whole-of-life noise exposure was not observed. The interpretation of this finding was limited by the generally conservative noise exposure of participants with HI. Leisure activity profiles and whole-of-life noise exposure of adolescents (13-17 yrs) with HI and NH were similar, and few were considered at high noise-injury risk. Young adults (18-24 yrs) with HI participated less than their peers with NH in some social activities and accumulated noise exposure was lower overall than for the NH group. Only 9% of the young adult HI group were considered "at risk" for noise injury, compared with 24% of the NH group. Parents of children with HI and NH perceived noise to be a significant risk to young people in general, but few considered their own child to be at high risk. Differences in parent permissiveness about children’s leisure participation (HI vs. NH groups) were observed. Most participants (HI and NH) also considered that leisure noise was a risk to hearing health, however, very few considered their personal risk to be “very high”, which is consistent with previous health research. Use of hearing protective strategies was low and many participants with HI reported using hearing aids (switched on) in noisy environments, which may increase accumulated noise exposure. These findings suggest that current hearing loss prevention approaches that primarily educate individuals about self-protective behaviour may be inadequate. Initiatives that aim to reduce hazardous noise may be more effective in moderating the risk of noise injury. In addition, the reduction of noise in social venues would provide more inclusive social environments for patrons with HI. With respect to the finding that participation in some social activities was lower for young adults with HI, hearing (re)habilitation goals that extend beyond the traditional considerations of language development and educational attainment may also be beneficial.
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Fernandes, N., M. Garcia i Saravanan Elangovan. "The Occurrence of Hearing Impairment in Brazilian Children : A Systematic Review". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1566.
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Eley, Cynthia S. "Unilateral hearing impairment and the effects of FM auditory trainers on auditory discrimination". Virtual Press, 1988. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/539806.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of using an FM auditory trainer on the speech intelligibility with unilateral hearing loss. Half lists of the NU-6 was administered to 20 normal hearing adults under the following conditions: binaurally (quiet and noise), one ear occluded without and FM auditory trainer (quiet and noise), and one ear occluded with an FM auditory trainer (quiet and noise). The occlusion of the right and left ears was performed in order to control for the dominance of the right ear in speech discrimination under noise.The results indicated a significant improvement in speech discrimination when an FM auditory trainer is used with the unilaterally hearing impaired.Department of Speech Pathology & Audiology
39
Bussoli, Tracy. "Localisation of the bronx waltzer gene (bv) and its effect on organ of Corti development". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339560.
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Oxenham, Andrew John. "Psychophysical consequences of peripheral auditory nonlinearity". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388481.
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Manyisa, Noluthando. "Whole exome sequencing to investigate genetic variants of non-syndromic hearing impairment in a population of African ancestry". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29272.
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Introduction: Hearing impairment occurs when a child has hearing loss greater than 30dB in their better hearing ear and an adult cannot detect sound lower than 40dB in the better hearing ear. It is a common sensory disorder that affecting approximately 360 million worldwide, with an incidence of 6 in 1000 live births in developing countries such as those in Sub-Saharan Africa. 50 % of hearing impairment, in developed countries, is due to genetic factors, with 70% of genetic hearing impairment being classified as non-syndromic hearing impairment, which occurs when the hearing impairment presents with no other clinical manifestations. Hearing impairment is associated with over 150 genes, of which two connexin genes, GJB2 and GJB6, are the most prevalent genes associated with hearing impairment in European, Asian and North American of European ancestries populations. These genes have however been shown to be insignificant causes of Hearing Impairment in African populations. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the rates for putative pathogenic variants in 172 hearing impairment associated genes, among Cameroonian patients affected by hearing impairment, and non-hearing-impaired controls. Methods: Patients and controls Patients were recruited from various schools of the Deaf and Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) clinics in Cameroon. The patients were examined by qualified medical geneticists and ophthalmologist and detailed family history and medical history was obtained from the patients and their parents. 19 patients, who were negative for GJB2 and GJB6 mutations and presented with putative non-syndromic hearing impairment, were selected from a cohort of 582 patients for the present study. The control population consisted of 130 ethnically matched groups without any personal or familial history of hearing impairment. The controls were recruited from Yaoundé Central Hospital and Laquintinie Hospital in Cameroon. Whole exome sequencing DNA was extracted from whole blood using the salting out procedure and the Puregene Blood kit®. The DNA was subjected to spectrometry and gel electrophoresis to determine the quantity and quality of the DNA samples. The samples were then subjected to whole exome sequencing on the Illumina platform using the Nextera Rapid Capture Exome Kit at an average read depth of 30X, whereby only 18 patients were successfully sequenced. The exomes were then subjected to FastQC and SolexaQC++ for quality control measures and aligned to the hg19 reference genome using GATK and VariantMetaCaller. Bioinformatics analysis Variant annotation was performed using Annovar and the annotated variants were filtered based in rarity and pathogenicity. Tests for genetic differentiation and principle component analysis was performed on the combined patient exomes and combine control exomes. The first principle component analysis included data from African populations from the 1000 Genomes Phase 3 as well as six control samples from the Democratic Republic of Congo; and the second principle component analysis analysed on the Cameroonian patients and control population. Population structure analysis was followed by protein-protein interaction analysis using custom python and R script and pathway enrichment analysis using Enrichr combined with a second custom R script. The proportion of derived and ancestral alleles was computed by downloading the SNP ancestral alleles from Ensembl and verifying the presence of the SNPs in dbSNP database. The combined patient and control exomes were annotated using the VCFtools “fillOaa” script. The ancestral alleles were computed by dividing the number of times the alternative allele matched the ancestral allele with the number of copies of all the alternative alleles across all samples at the particular position. The ancestral alleles were categorised into six bins, based on their minor allele frequency, in the patient and control populations and this was used to contrast their proportions of derived and ancestral alleles. Furthermore, the proportion of ancestral and derived alleles in hearing impairment associated genes was computed at SNP based level for the Cameroonian population and contrasted with population from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Variants validation by Sanger sequencing Primers were designed to amplify the fragment surrounding the purported SNPs in MYO15A, MYO3A, and COL9A3 as well as for the fragments surrounding the population specific SNPs in VTN, RPL3L and DHRS4L2. Polymerase chain reaction was performed for the MYO15A, and MYO3A fragments. This was followed by purification of the PCR products and direct cycle Sanger sequencing of the PCR products. The sequencing products were then purified through ethanol precipitation and the fragments were suspended in HiDi Formamide and run on the capillary electrophoresis. The variants in MYO3A, MYO15A and COL9A3 were viewed in Integrated Genomics Viewer using the Bam files as well. Results Putative deleterious variants Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in MYO3A, MYO15A and COL9A3, were filtered out as putative causative mutations for three, four and two patients respectively. Direct Sanger Sequencing and viewing the patients BAM files did not confirm the presence of any of these putative pathogenic in the patients. Variations in USH2A, HSD17B4 and MYO1A were also filtered out but these variants were not considered disease causing, after a careful genotype to phenotypes correlations. Population genetics variants differentiations At a population level, specific variations were identified in FOXD4L2, DHRS2L6, RPL3L and VTN. Significant genetic differentiation was shown to exist between the control population and the patients’ population with regard to specific variants in VTN and RPL3L; furthermore, it was shown that these variants in VTN and RPL3L interact with other hearing impairment associated proteins with evidences that that VTN is hub protein for a hearing impairment associated pathway along with nine other genes. Conversely, this was not the case for variants described in FOXD4L2 and DHRS2L6. In known hearing Impairment genes, the proportion of ancestral alleles was lowest for the patients’ population for variations with minor allele frequencies between 0.0 and 0.1. The proportion of derived and ancestral alleles was also shown to differ between the Cameroonian and the population from the Democratic Republic of Congo, indication possible regional differences in aetiology of Hearing impairment amongst multiple African populations. Discussion Low putative pathogenic variants in known hearing impairment genes among Africans The low pick up rate for putative pathogenic variants in our patients follows a similar trend observed in the African American populations, with hearing impairment, as well as data from targeted exome sequencing from South African and Nigerian populations. This result is also in agreeance with other studies that interrogated hearing impairment in African populations utilising other means besides next generation sequencing. This result also highlights the importance of validating any results obtained from next generation sequencing through traditional approaches such as Sanger Sequencing or viewing the BAM files on IGV, specifically in African population, poorly represented in Exome databases. Bioinformatics Analysis Exhibited some Specific Variants among Cameroonian Protein-protein interactions and enrichment analysis indicated that VTN and RPL3L, and their interacting proteins, are significantly associated with osteoclast differentiation, which is associated with hearing impairment in osteogenesis imperfecta. VTN was further shown as a hub protein of a protein subnetwork, along ATPB2. The presence of a second protein acting as a hub protein may account for why aberrations in VTN have not been associated with a disease; whereby ATPB2 may ameliorate the pathogenic phenotype that ought to be observed in the presence of null mutations in VTN. Evolutionary adaptation of human hearing Data indicates the patient population carried a higher proportion of derived alleles in known hearing impairment genes, at low minor allele frequencies; possibly indicating, the interactive modifiers capacities of multiple hearing impairment genes, or alternatively, the polygenetic nature of hearing impairment in some patients. The proportion of ancestral and derived alleles was contrasted in the Cameroonian and the population from the Democratic Republic of Congo and it indicated that the variations that may result in hearing impairment in the one population may not be the same variations that result in hearing impairment in the other population Due to this, it is necessary to determine the causative variants resulting in disease in each of these populations independently. Conclusion and perspectives The results support a low pick up rate of putative variants in 172 known genes in groups of Cameroonian patients with HI, underscoring the current Targeted panel sequencing for HI may not be relevant for some African populations. The result also support the need of confirmation of variants found in WES, as well careful genotype to phenotypes correlations, particularly among African, whose sequences exome is relatively low in Exomes databases, and as a result could lead to more false positive results. Population genetic analysis has provided novel insight in the genetic architecture of HI among this group of Africans; particularly, the differential frequencies of ancestral alleles vs derived alleles in HI genes among patients vs controls underline the possibility of multigenic influence on the phenotype of Hearing Impairment that have not been well investigated, and may also signal evolutionary enrichment of some variants of HI genes in the populations as the result of natural selections, that deserve further investigation. The result supports the need of intensive familial studies in multiple African populations in order to unravel the novel genes and those variants that are relevant in clinical practice for people of African ancestry.
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Siikaluoma, Lara. "Hearing impairments in adults with cleft palate:asystematicscoping review". Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-78030.
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Introduction Otitis mediawith effusion is found in almost every patient with cleft palate. Arisk factor for permanent conductive hearing lossis recurring otitis media which is commonly found in cleft palate patients. Several studieshave been conductedto measure the extent of hearing loss in childrenwith cleft palate.Hearing problemsdue to otitis mediaoften persist into adulthood.Thus, it is of interest to see if there are any existing studies onhearing impairments inadultcleft palatepatients. Objective The purpose of this study is tosummarize theexisting literatureon hearing impairments in adult patients with cleft palate and to map the characteristics of the studies found. Method A scoping reviewprotocolproposedby Joanna Briggs Institutewas usedto synthesizeand summerizethe published literaturesearchedinthe PubMed database. Syndromal cleft palates were excluded from this study. Results Onereviewer went through 11full-text articlesthatwere considered relevant.It was possible toidentify five different key areas of research among the included studies. Conclusions It wasfound that there is literature available on this topic,but the heterogeneity of the studies made it impossible to compare the charted data betweenthe studies. We identifieda need for longitudinal studies on this topic and suggest more standardization withregard tothe definitions of cleft palate and hearing impairment.
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O'Neill, McGuckian Maria. "The grammatical morpheme deficit in children with hearing impairment, children with Down's syndrome and children with specific language impairment". Thesis, University of Ulster, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407506.
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Morgan, Katie Ruth. "Vocabulary intervention aimed at improving expressive language for children with hearing impairment". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Communication Disorders, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3220.
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Children with hearing impairment are at risk of language delay. Language delays can have far reaching consequences. Language delay in children with hearing impairment is thought to be due to receiving insufficient auditory information during the critical period. This study investigated whether a hybrid language intervention program could be used with children with hearing impairment to improve their language delay. Three participants, two participants who wore hearing aids, and one participant who had a cochlear implant, participated in an intervention programme targeting vocabulary. All participants had unique patterns of hearing loss and all had a language delay. There were three phases to this study. An assessment and baseline testing phase, an intervention phase and a post-intervention phase. Outcome measures were: number of target verbs produced, Mean Length of Utterance (MLU) in morphemes, and the number of different words in a conversational language sample. Results indicated all three participants improved in their production of the target verbs. Contrary to expectations, an increase in MLU in morphemes did not occur. Only one participant had a significant increase in the number of different words. These findings suggest children with hearing impairment and language delay are stimulable to intervention. Further research is warranted into whether the hybrid intervention program used in this study may be more applicable to children of younger ages with hearing impairment.
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Reeve, Kirsti J. "Children with mild and unilateral hearing impairment : current management and outcome measures". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288074.
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Lin, Yu-Hsia. "An investigation of the lexical access ability of students with hearing impairment /". The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487943341528765.
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Strauss, Susan. "Noise-induced hearing loss : prevalence, degree and impairment criteria in South African gold miners". Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23347.
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Despite the preventability of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) a high prevalence is still reported in South African mines. The study aimed to describe the hearing of gold miners pertaining to the prevalence and degree of NIHL and effectiveness of current RSA impairment criteria to identify NIHL. The audiological data, collected between 2001 and 2008, of 57 714 mine workers were investigated in this retrospective cohort study. Data was accessed through the mine’s electronic database and exported to Microsoft Excel 2007 worksheets. Participants were categorised in terms of noise exposure (level and working years), age, race and gender. Noise exposure levels were described in terms of a specific occupation and categorized into four groups based on dosimeter data received from the mine’s noise hygienist, namely: 1) Below surface (underground) noise exposure, ≥85 dB A, classified according to the South African regulations on the daily permissible dose of noise exposure8, named Noise Group 1; 2) Surface noise exposure, ≥85 dB A, named Noise Group 2; 3) No known occupational noise exposure, named control group; and 4) Uncertain levels of noise exposure, e.g. students and trainees, named Noise Group 4. The control group was matched with participants of noise group 1 and 2 based on gender, race and age at the most recent audiogram test. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed. Measures of central tendency and variability were used with analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and pairwise comparisons according to Fisher’s Least Squares Differences Approach (F test). Results indicated that noise exposed groups had significantly higher prevalence of high and low frequency hearing loss than the control group. High-frequency hearing loss was also present in the control group. The greatest differences in prevalence of hearing loss were observed at 3, 4 kHz and age group 36 to 45 years. Thresholds at 8 kHz were worse than expected and decline slowed down with age. High-frequency thresholds showed a non-linear growth pattern with age with a greater decline at 2 kHz with age in the noise-exposed population compared to the control group. Hearing deteriorated more across age groups with more noise-exposed years, and this deterioration was most visible after 10 to 15 working years and at 3 kHz. Females had better hearing than males across the frequency spectrum. Black males had significantly better high-frequency hearing than white males but significantly worse low-frequency hearing than white male counterparts. PLH values showed poor correlation (through statistical analyses) with other well-accepted hearing impairment criteria. To date this was the largest study conducted on the hearing of gold miners and the sample included a very large number of black males exposed to occupational noise (N=17 933). Values supplied in distribution table format are therefore unique and contribute greatly to the knowledge base.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology
unrestricted
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Zhu, Hua. "Phonological development and disorder of Putonghua (modern standard Chinese)-speaking children". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312002.
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Hung, Hiu-kan Elaine. "Hearing impairment and presbyacusis in adults over 50 years old in Hong Kong". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36208267.
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Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 2002."A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, May 10, 2002." Also available in print.
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Carson, Kerrie, University of Western Sydney, of Arts Education and Social Sciences College i School of Education and Early Childhood Studies. "The inclusive education of students with a hearing impairment : a case study inquiry". THESIS_CAESS_EEC_Carson_K.xml, 2001. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/50.
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Inclusion is the practice of serving the needs of all students, with a full range of abilities and disabilities, in the general classroom with appropriate in-class support. Using qualitative case studies, this thesis explores the inclusive placement of three students with a hearing impairment. The students came from non-English speaking backgrounds, used hearing technology to access the class program and were eager to attend their local primary school. They had different types of hearing losses and were the only hearing-impaired students enrolled at their school. Five variables were examined which influenced the success of the inclusive placement. These included the student's academic, social and physical performance, the school environment and parental/family support. The constant comparative method was used to analyse data collected in each case study. Findings from the case studies identified strengths and weaknesses in the students' inclusive placement, and also provided data for future research and discussion on inclusive educationDoctor of Philosophy (PhD)