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Kiseleva, Marina, i Anatolii Kiselev. "Social and psychological aspects of environment-based health risk assessment". Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Medicine 15, nr 2 (2020): 142–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu11.2020.206.
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The authors are mainly focused on special features of using art-therapeutic techniques to facilitate adaptation of several categories of the population to the information about environment- based health risks. They consider the methodological issues of presenting the ideas about health risks within the medical ecological content, of informing about those risks, since the lack of attention to those issues leads to additional anxiety in the population, as well as methods of correction of the latter through art-therapy methods developed by the authors. A psychological support program is suggested, which consists of three stages: diagnostic, psychological correction, psychological and social support. The first stage suggests psychological diagnostics, which include methods that allow for psychological and emotional background assessment. Based on the results of the diagnostics and social data, a complex assessment is made about the main problems of a person and a decision is made about the participation in psychological correction, which consists of individual and groups sessions. The second stage is aimed at the correction of negative emotions and feelings, as well as reaching solutions that are more complex. Art-therapy is suggested as the main psychosocial correction method, the use of which can create safe art-therapeutic environment, where the main means of interaction is a constructive dialogue, based on creating and examining an art product of a client, ‘clientart product-psychologist’, where the client feels protected enough to express their feelings. At the third stage, the clients continue to work with the psychologist as part of the psychological social support, the essence of which is given in this article as well.
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Torres-Castaño, Alezandra, Analía Abt-Sacks, Ana Toledo-Chávarri, José Carlos Suarez-Herrera, Janet Delgado-Rodríguez, Beatriz León-Salas, Yadira González-Hernández, Montserrat Carmona-Rodríguez i Pedro Serrano-Aguilar. "Ethical, Legal, Organisational and Social Issues of Teleneurology: A Scoping Review". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, nr 4 (19.02.2023): 3694. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043694.
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Background: Neurological disorders are the leading cause of disability and the second leading cause of death worldwide. Teleneurology (TN) allows neurology to be applied when the doctor and patient are not present in the same place, and sometimes not at the same time. In February 2021, the Spanish Ministry of Health requested a health technology assessment report on the implementation of TN as a complement to face-to-face neurological care. Methods: A scoping review was conducted to answer the question on the ethical, legal, social, organisational, patient (ELSI) and environmental impact of TN. The assessment of these aspects was carried out by adapting the EUnetHTA Core Model 3.0 framework, the criteria established by the Spanish Network of Health Technology Assessment Agencies and the analysis criteria of the European Validate (VALues In Doing Assessments of healthcare TEchnologies) project. Key stakeholders were invited to discuss their concerns about TN in an online meeting. Subsequently, the following electronic databases were consulted from 2016 to 10 June 2021: MEDLINE and EMBASE. Results: 79 studies met the inclusion criteria. This scoping review includes 37 studies related to acceptability and equity, 15 studies developed during COVID and 1 study on environmental aspects. Overall, the reported results reaffirm the necessary complementarity of TN with the usual face-to-face care. Conclusions: This need for complementarity relates to factors such as acceptability, feasibility, risk of dehumanisation and aspects related to privacy and the confidentiality of sensitive data.
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Oynotkinova, Olga Sh, i Vera N. Larina. "Medical and social aspects of health security in the formation of public health". City Healthcare 3, nr 3 (30.09.2022): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.47619/2713-2617.zm.2022.v.3i3;67-76.
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Introduction. Monitoring of the health status of the population as a whole, assessment and analysis of the leading determinants of health, including genetic, behavioral, anthropogenic, biophysiological factors, represent one of the global functions of public health, focused on health protection and provision of medical services. To date, health disorders are primarily related to lifestyle and are always a collection of individual personalized health data. Unhealthy diet and low physical activity are risk factors for the development of a number of chronic non-communicable diseases, primarily cardiovascular, metabolic, in particular type 2 diabetes mellitus and some types of cancer. These risk factors lead to early disability, a decrease in the quality and life expectancy of people, disability, as well as the health budget and the economy. So, if on average only 3 % of the health budget is spent on disease prevention programs, then about 7 % of the budget in the EU countries is spent on the treatment of obesity and turns into 2.8 % of world GDP. In this regard, the implementation of early preventive measures is characterized by favorable and positive results.
Purpose. Analyzes the role of unhealthy diet and low physical activity as key risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, especially in the population of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Methods and materials. The characteristics of the presented studies included in the article cover international experience and analysis of the pilot study conducted on a population sample of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. To assess the economic costs associated with unhealthy diet and low physical activity, a general approach was used based on the analysis of individual diseases, in particular, type 2 diabetes mellitus, using population attributive fractions, regression method.
Results. Based on the data obtained, it follows that patients with an unhealthy diet and low physical activity, burdened with overweight or obesity, have a high five-year risk of developing new cases of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular complications. This includes early disability and the economic costs of providing medical care. Using the example of a number of European countries and its own results, this study is focused on assessing the economic damage that is associated with unhealthy diet and low physical activity among the population, regardless of the region of residence and the metropolis.
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Barnard, G. A. "Quantitative Risk Assessment". Journal of Medical Ethics 15, nr 1 (1.03.1989): 53–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jme.15.1.53.
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Schonfeld, Toby, i Joseph S. Brown. "Evaluating Empirical Assessments of Social Risk". American Journal of Bioethics 9, nr 11 (4.11.2009): 55–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15265160903197556.
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JENKINS, RACHEL, DINESH BHUGRA, HOWARD MELTZER, NICOLA SINGLETON, PAUL BEBBINGTON, TRALOACH BRUGHA, JEREMY COID, MIKE FARRELL, GLYN LEWIS i JO PATON. "Psychiatric and social aspects of suicidal behaviour in prisons". Psychological Medicine 35, nr 2 (21.01.2005): 257–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291704002958.
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Background. Suicidal behaviour and completed suicide are serious problems within British prisons, leading to significant morbidity and mortality, and are the focus of major efforts towards their prevention.Aim. To explore the demographic, social and psychiatric correlates of suicidal behaviour in prisons in England and Wales and their relationship with health service use; and to develop a combined psychosocial model of risk.Method. This report analyses the prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in the ONS National Prison Survey, and their association with the presence of psychiatric disorders, personality disorder, substance abuse and social risk factors. These data were compared with data from the second national survey of psychiatric morbidity in adults living at home. In both surveys, a two-phase interviewing procedure was used, covering general health, health service use, assessment of psychiatric disorders, life events, social supports, suicidal behaviour, activities of daily living, sociodemographic data, substance abuse and intelligence.Results. Suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts were commoner in prisons than in the general population and these were significantly associated with higher rates of psychosis, neurosis and personality disorder in prisons. In addition, demographic and factors such as being young, single, white, leaving school early and experiencing poor social support and significant social adversity were important risk factors for suicidal thoughts. Crucially, there was no separate category of people at suicidal risk who did not have psychiatric disorders.Conclusions. The high rates of suicidal behaviour in prisons cannot be addressed without adequate attention to the high rates of psychiatric disorder and vulnerability factors in prisoners.
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Sawhney, Ramit, Harshit Joshi, Saumya Gandhi, Di Jin i Rajiv Ratn Shah. "Robust suicide risk assessment on social media via deep adversarial learning". Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 28, nr 7 (29.03.2021): 1497–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocab031.
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Abstract Objective The prevalence of social media for sharing personal thoughts makes it a viable platform for the assessment of suicide risk. However, deep learning models are not able to capture the diverse nature of linguistic choices and temporal patterns that can be exhibited by a suicidal user on social media and end up overfitting on specific cues that are not generally applicable. We propose Adversarial Suicide assessment Hierarchical Attention (ASHA), a hierarchical attention model that employs adversarial learning for improving the generalization ability of the model. Material and Methods We assess the suicide risk of a social media user across 5 levels of increasing severity of risk. ASHA leverages a transformer-based architecture to learn the semantic nature of social media posts and a temporal attention-based long short-term memory architecture for the sequential modeling of a user’s historical posts. We dynamically generate adversarial examples by adding perturbations to actual examples that can simulate the stochasticity in historical posts, thereby making the model robust. Results Through extensive experiments, we establish the face-value of ASHA and show that it significantly outperforms existing baselines, with the F1 score of 64%. This is a 2% and a 4% increase over the ContextBERT and ContextCNN baselines, respectively. Finally, we discuss the practical applicability and ethical aspects of our work pertaining to ASHA, as a human-in-the-loop framework. Discussion and Conclusions Adversarial samples can be helpful in capturing the diverse nature of suicidal ideation. Through ASHA, we hope to form a component in a larger human-in-the-loop infrastructure for suicide risk assessment on social media.
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Alshahrani, M. "Assessment of Psychosocial Life Aspects among Substance Abuse Clients at Rehabilitation Phase". NAMJ 17 (2023), nr 2, 17 (2023) (2023): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.56936/18290825-2023.17.2-58.
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Background: Rehabilitation of the substance misuse is a stage that is no less important than the main stage in the treatment of addiction, but rather it is considered complementary to it. The treatment phase of substance misuse is not worth anything if the addict suffers a relapse that causes him/her to revert back to the path of addiction, and this phase mainly aims to rehabilitate the substance misuse psychologically and socially. Objective: The purpose of the study is to assess the social and psychological life aspects of substance misuse clients who are at the rehabilitation phase at Erada and mental health clinic in Abha mental health hospital. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional research design was adopted in this study. The researcher used the systematic random sampling method to recruit a sample of 184 substance misuse clients who are at the rehabilitation phase at Erada and mental health clinic in Abha mental health hospital. To collect data, the study used the questionnaire that consisted of three parts: the socio-demographic part, the Psychological Functioning Scale and the Social Functioning Scales. Result: The results of the study showed that the total score of the psychological life aspects scale was (2.48±0.23). It was found that the greatest effect was for depression domain (2.6±0.50). Moreover, the study found that the total score of the social life aspects scale was (2.43±0.25). it was found that that the greatest effect was on risk-taking domain (2.5±0.48). Further, the study found that there were significant statistical differences in the social and psychological life aspects among the substance misuse clients who are at the rehabilitation phase referred to age, gender, marital status, type of misused substance, duration of substance misuse, unit of client, dose of misused substance, and withdrawal duration (p≤0.05). Conclusion: The study concluded that depression, self-esteem, risk-taking and childhood problems were the main affected social and psychological life aspects among substance misuse clients who are at the rehabilitation phase. The study recommended increasing public awareness regarding the major psychosocial effects of addiction and design interventional programs to improve clients’ psychosocial adjustment levels.
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Baouham, Asma, Seif-eddine Cherif i Siham Sakami. "A Review of Structural Vulnerability Assessment Methods in the Advent of a Tsunami". E3S Web of Conferences 502 (2024): 03013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202450203013.
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The interaction between hazard and exposure gives rise to risk. Tsunami risk assessment is derived from both hazard assessment and vulnerability assessment. Exposure can manifest in various aspects, such as social factors (e.g., population), environmental factors (e.g., agricultural areas), or economic factors (e.g., infrastructure). Our focus in this review paper is specifically on economic exposure, with an emphasis on structural vulnerability assessment. The approaches employed in tsunami vulnerability assessment are diverse. In this paper, we categorize them into simplified and in-depth methods, encompassing: (1) Empirical vulnerability functions, (2) Index-based approach, (3) Building tsunami vulnerability model (BTV).
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Esser, Stefan, i Sylvester Siegmann Heinrich-Heine. "P-440 MENTAL HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT FOR COMPANIES WITH AN INTERNATIONAL WORK FORCE AND INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS". Occupational Medicine 74, Supplement_1 (1.07.2024): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqae023.1154.
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Abstract Introduction Mental Health Risk Assessment for Companies with an International Work Force and International Operations Methods The International SOS Foundation, together with several academic and occupational health partners and other experts on international work have published a white paper about the methodology and implementation of a mental health risk assessment for companies in Austria, Germany and Switzerland. Results While the legal aspects refer to above German speaking countries, the technological and scientific background will be valid world-wide and can set new trends. The process and results can be presented in an oral presentation by the authors. (Stefan Esser, Silvester Siegmann, Helmut Ehnes, Claudia Budeck) The possible methodologies of the mental health assessment are described in detail as well as the social, legal and medical background of an international workforce. Discussion- Conclusion The specific challenges of people working abroad and the linked challenges of companies managing such people are explained and described. A focus lies on typical outcomes of such a mental health risk assessment and the counter measures to follow. The presentation finishes with an outlook to the vision zero and their link to mental health risks and offers very pragmatic checklists for companies who want to implement such mental health risk assessments in their organization.
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Veronez, Diego Velloso, Karina Camasmie Abe i Simone Georges El Khouri Miraglia. "Health Impact Assessment of the construction of hydroelectric dams in Brazil". Chronicles of Health Impact Assessment 3, nr 1 (4.06.2018): 11–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/21777.
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Background: Brazil´s dam-building plans in Amazonia imply substantial environmental and social impacts. This study evaluates the relationship between social, environmental, and economic aspects and impacts on the health status of the population of Rondônia, Brazil, due to the implementation of the Jirau and Santo Antônio hydroelectric dams. Methods: A qualitative and retrospective Health Impact Assessment (HIA) is used to focus the study objectives. The information is arranged in a structured diagram that enables an outside reviewer to assess the aspects/impacts relationship derived from the construction of the dams. This comes with outline recommendations for health risk management that can orient national health authorities. We selected a narrative review synthesis as the most appropriate approach for the study. Results: The diagram network was built making it possible to analyse the impact changes caused by this enterprise in the health sector. Additionally, the model will serve in the implementation of a complete HIA approach in an attempt to quantitatively map the impacts and to propose recommendations. Conclusion: This effort is very important for highlighting the priorities in the public policy decision-making process, serving as a basis for the Brazilian Health System.
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Xu, Naifeng, Hongxia Zhang, Jingze Jia, Hao Li, Zhaoxiang Zhu, Shuge Fu i Yuanfeng Wang. "Assessment of Contents and Health Impacts of Four Metals in Chongming Asparagus—Geographical and Seasonal Aspects". Foods 11, nr 5 (22.02.2022): 624. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11050624.
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In this paper, the contents of four typical metals (Pb, Cd, Hg, and As) in asparagus, water, and soil from Chongming Island were quantitatively determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The contents of these metals in asparagus showed a common rule of Pb > As > Cd > Hg in different harvest seasons and regions. Significant seasonal differences were found in the contents by difference analysis, but no obvious regional differences were observed. Furthermore, the asparagus did not accumulate these four metals from the soil in Chongming Island by the assessment of bio-concentration factor. The asparagus was proved safe by the analysis of single-factor pollution index and Nemerow pollution index. Through combining the analysis of the above indexes and the geological accumulation index, we found that 51.62% of soil samples were mildly polluted by cadmium. The results of health risk analysis showed that the risk value of children was higher than that of adults under oral exposure, but the four metals in asparagus possessed no obvious risk to health. The above assessments illustrate that the daily consumption of asparagus in Chongming Island will not cause potential health impacts. It is of benefit to ensure the quality and economic interests of asparagus planting in Chongming Island through the investigation of this study.
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Knieß, Tobias, Hermann Stefan i Peter Brodisch. "Diagnosis of epilepsy – consequences for work and professional activities". Journal of Epileptology 23, nr 2 (1.12.2015): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joepi-2015-0032.
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Summary Introduction. The correct diagnosis of epileptic seizures and non-epileptic attacks has a decisive influence on treatment, counseling and duration of possible work limitations. Diagnostic efforts should aim towards classifying the seizure as precisely as possible. For risk assessments, e.g. at the workplace, a close cooperation and networking of all professionals involved in the epilepsy treatment, care and consultation processes is required. Aim. To present guidelines for assessment of occupational capacity of persons with epilepsy and to discuss their value in clinical practice. Method and Material. The German employer’s liability insurance association has recently published the new revised BGI 585 Risk Assessment Guidelines (DGUV information 250-001) framework and assistance in epilepsy in view of protection against unfair dismissal. These guidelines provide information on safety and health in the workplace. Throughout all the German federal states, 24 Network teams were established. During the period January 2010 and December 2013, 374 employees with epilepsy were consulted by an expert member of Network Epilepsy and Work (NEA) Team, of which 80 were prospectively included in a study and scientifically evaluated. Guidelines and discussion. While conducting the risk assessment, a special medical fact check in accordance with the guidelines was used. In addition to medical aspects, the individual vocational and occupational situation was considered. Based on this assessment an individual recommendation was made relating to continuation of employment. The project NEA established regional teams of physicians, therapists, consultants from social services, employment offices and rehabilitation authorities across Germany in order to link by networks the complex medical and social aspects of reducing the risk of people with epilepsy losing their job. Results. It was shown that support and consultation through the NEA team led to an endangered position of employment being maintained in 70% of cases. Conclusion. In many cases, loss of employment can be prevented by consequent application of DGUV information 250-001 (recently revised from BGI 585) for risk assessment of epilepsy in employment, together with improved networking between medical professionals, occupational health professionals and social services.
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Israilova, Nodira. "Key Aspects of Rehabilitation for Children at Risk". Specialusis ugdymas / Special education 2, nr 43 (20.05.2022): 243–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/se.2021.v2i43.10.
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This article describes children at risk in the context of a pedagogical problem, analyzes various interpretations of the “rehabilitation” concept in scientific literature and explains the need for rehabilitation work with children in teachers’ practice. On the basis of an empirical review (a questionnaire survey) a spectrum of ideas and opinions of teachers and psychologists from different educational institutions on the goals and objectives of rehabilitation work with children at risk and the main directions for this work in their practical activities have been revealed. In order to analyze the interpretations of specialists’ opinions regarding the nature and assessment of the effectiveness of rehabilitation, a method of collecting qualitative data (questionnaire survey, conversation) with open-ended questions was used. The author summarized the answers of the specialists on the problem under study by the method of content analysis using an open-coding procedure.
According to the results of the research, six rehabilitation contexts have been identified, most specialists consider rehabilitation as comprehensive assistance to children with the aim of successfully returning them to a full social life; involving them into the system of social relations in the course of specially organized education; vocational training; developing healthy lifestyle and law-abiding behavior.
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Mitrokhin, Oleg V., Vladimir A. Reshetnikov, Elena V. Belova i Mihajlo (Michael) Jakovljevic. "Sanitary and Hygienic Aspects of the COVID-19 Self-isolation". Open Public Health Journal 13, nr 1 (31.12.2020): 734–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944502013010734.
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Introduction: Self-isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic is a temporary measure to limit the spread of infection. All citizens arriving from abroad to Russia must comply with the rules of self-isolation. Since April 2, 2020, almost all citizens of the Russian Federation have followed the rules of self-isolation. Also, this month in the Russian capital, Moscow, about 6 million citizens have isolated themselves. In general, in the territory of Russia, the number of citizens on self-isolation reached 100 million. Billions of citizens around the world are staying at home due to the self-isolation regime, so a sanitary assessment must be considered. Self-isolation, characterized by physical inactivity, hypoxia, diet disturbances, lifestyle changes during work / rest, mental stress; this provides an opportunity to identify the presence of public health risk factors and contributes to an increase in the incidence of No Communicable Diseases (NCDs). Purpose of the Study: Carrying out a sanitary-hygienic assessment of COVID-19 self-isolation, determining priority risk factors causing non-infectious diseases, and proposing preventive measures. Objectives: To Identify public health risk factors during self-isolation. To conduct a comprehensive hygienic assessment of self-isolation according to the priority criteria. To develop a pointing system (hygiene index for self-isolation). To propose measures to minimize health risks during self-isolation. Materials and Methods: We used analytical, and systematization approaches. Information from the legal documents of the hygienic-sanitary laws of the Government of the Russian Federation (nutrition hygiene, hygiene of workforce, children, and teenagers). World Health Organization COVID-19 documents. Research Results: We assessed the sanitary-hygienic aspects of self-isolation to identify the leading risk factors on public health, and as a result, we proposed hygienic criteria for self-isolation. We developed a hygienic self-isolation index point score (HSIPS) that considers the Russian law-based requirements for diet, work, rest, and physical activities. Thus, the usage of those hygienic standards is beneficial to prevent public health risks in ordinary and extremely challenging conditions of self-isolation. We proposed measures to minimize risks during self-isolation, and we based them on adequate sanitary-hygienic standards. The main sanitary-hygienic risk factors of self-isolation are: sedentary lifestyle, hypoxia, nutritional deficiencies (malnutrition), and work/rest imbalance. Conclusion: We proposed a sanitary-hygienic definition of self-isolation. We identified leading risk factors for public health of the self-isolated population. We proposed sanitary-hygienic criteria for assessing self-isolation based on the regulations and standards of the Government of the Russian Federation. We developed a hygienic self-isolation index point score (HSIPS), which determines that the optimal mode is directly proportional to the coefficients of a person’s physical activity (D), indoor area (air cubic capacity) per isolated (S), time spent in fresh air (T) and inversely proportional to the calorie intake. We proposed measures to prevent noncommunicable diseases (NCD) for citizens on self-isolation.
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Kosteska, Sandra, i Dragan Gjorgjev. "Systematic review and comparative analysis of current methodological approach for risk assessment of “Ohis Plant Skopje”". Archives of Public Health 12, nr 3 (28.12.2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/aph.2020.5654.
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Considering complicity in ecological health and social aspects of industrial contaminated sites (ICSs), the methodologies and approaches of health impact assessments are very heterogeneous. ICSHNet together with WHO recommend two main methodological approaches: health risk assessments and epidemiological studies. Some countries have necessary experience for impact assessment of ICSs, but others have limited resources and less intensity studies. In the Republic of North Macedonia, 16 ICSs are identified, but one of them, lindane dumpsite in OHIS Plant is characterized as the most ecological and public health risk. The general aim: Systematic review of literature data about methodological approaches for health risk assessment of ICSs on international and national level in order to make comparative analysis of current methodological approaches in the Republic of North Macedonia using the case study of ICS OHIS PLANT SKOPJE. Material and methods: The review of scientific and grey literature was performed. The selected scientific studies were searched in the PubMed and Medline databases from 2000-2017, in English and Macedonian. The selected studies and data were analyzed by required information for identification of hazards, exposure assessment and risk characterization. Additionally, the review was performed on published reports of risk assessment of OHIS Plant. Results: A total of 14 original papers were investigated. Continuous monitoring systems for gathering environmental data related to ICSs were used only in two cases and in other studies the concentrations of contaminants in the source were calculated or several ad hoc monitoring campaigns were performed. Exposure assessment was conducted according to qualitative definition for the presence/absence of a source, distance to a source and biomonitoring in the study. Mortality, cancer incidence, congenital abnormalities and hospitalizations were used health data. The study of risk assessment of OHIS Plant has ecological design and indirect quantitative exposure assessment model was used. Conclusion: All investigated studies used three main methodological approaches for exposure assessment: measurement of hazard concentration, distance from source and biomonitoring. Comparable, conducted risk assessment of OHIS Plant follows the recommendations of US EPA and ATSDR with weakness of no existing continual monitoring process and also deficiency of health data and this is the reason for limitation of health impact assessment and setting up EPHT or other public health surveillance system.
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Žák, Jaroslav. "Positive and Negative Aspects of ETICS". MATEC Web of Conferences 279 (2019): 03011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927903011.
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Thermal insulation of buildings brings the social benefits mainly through energy savings. However, the risk of producing undesirable negative impacts on the environment and the health of the population is not negligible. Proper selection of the appropriate variant and product should include an assessment not only of the thermal, technical, operational, economic but also health and environmental aspects. In assessing the environmental and health impacts, only CO and sulfur emissions are often evaluated. The impact of other very dangerous chemicals released during the production of ETICS components and subsequently during the operation of the building is investigated only marginally. This aspect will be given the utmost attention and individual variants will be carefully examined also in this point of view. The public does not usually have enough quality data on the various available ETICS variants. The chosen method of thermal insulation should also be felt by the user in a positive way, which will contribute to the comfort and high standard of living.
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Bachynski, Kathleen E., i Daniel S. Goldberg. "Youth Sports & Public Health: Framing Risks of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in American Football and Ice Hockey". Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 42, nr 3 (2014): 323–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jlme.12149.
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Children in North America, some as young as eleven or twelve, routinely don helmets and pads and are trained to move at high-speed for the purpose of engaging in repeated full-body collisions with each other. The evidence suggests that the forces generated by such impacts are sufficient to cause traumatic brain injury (TBI) among children. Moreover, there is only limited evidence supporting the efficacy of interventions typically used to reduce the risks of such hazards. What kind of risk assessment enables such activities to be a relatively common feature of childhood in Canadian and American society?In order to understand this state of affairs, we must examine the particular risk frame under which such hazards are commonly assumed. Risk assessments are embedded in the cultures in which they are situated and must be evaluated in their social contexts.
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Okeukwu, E. K., O. C. Okeke, M. O. Irefin, H. I. Ezeala i C. C. Amadi. "Environmental Impact Assessment and Environmental Risk Assessment: Review of Concepts, Steps and Significance". IIARD INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 9, nr 2 (2.09.2023): 25–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.56201/ijgem.v9.no2.2023.pg25.51.
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Environmental Impact Assessment is an assessment of the possible positive or negative impact a proposed project will have on the environment, considering the natural, social and economic aspects. while Environmental risk assessment assess the likelihood of your business activities or operation causing harm to the environment, it involves the process of assessing the risk human activities may have on the environment, the environment here includes human beings (health hazards impact) and ecology (impacts on fauna and flora). This includes describing potential hazards and impacts before taking precautions to reduce the associated risks. . It uses similar techniques to the health and safety risk assessment your business already has to perform. A risk assessment typically involves many steps and forms the backbone of the overall risk management plan. A risk analysis is one of those steps—the one in which you determine the defining characteristics of each risk and assign each a score based on your findings. The major differences between environmental impact assessment and environmental risk assessment includes the following: While environmental impact assessment is a broad field that includes all activities that attempt to analyze and evaluate the effects of human and related actions on the environment, risk assessment are generally concerned with the relatively well-defined regulatory problems and employs formal quantitative analysis of the potential risk. This paper highlights the concept of environmental impact assessment and environmental risk assessment, their steps and significance and gives the case histories of both environmental impact assessment and environmental risk assessment.
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Мamasoliev, Ne’matjon, Ibragim Askarov, Nasrulla Khakimov, Adiljan Salaxidinov, Ra’noxon Qurbonova i Komiljon Kadirov. "Specific aspects of social significant liver diseases, risk factors, and food safety: A comprehensive review". E3S Web of Conferences 460 (2023): 11002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202346011002.
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In the contemporary landscape of scientific inquiry, the study and assessment of risk factors for chronic liver diseases have expanded substantially. This surge in research is driven by the heightened prevalence of common risk factors and the consequential socio-economic impact of chronic liver diseases. Beyond their medical implications, these diseases pose significant economic challenges. Recent scientific investigations affirm that chronic hepatitis (CH) and liver cirrhosis (LC) are predominantly shaped by identifiable risk factors. In this article, synthesizes current research, providing compelling evidence that underscores the societal importance of chronic liver diseases and their association with risk factors. The prevalence of these diseases and their directly linked risk factors is notably high in diverse populations. Moreover, the economic implications of chronic liver diseases extend beyond healthcare, highlighting the need for a multidimensional approach in understanding and addressing these health challenges. As the scientific community unravels the multifaceted nature of chronic liver diseases, this review contributes to the growing body of evidence supporting the assertion that a comprehensive understanding of risk factors is crucial. Furthermore, the abstract advocates for an integrated approach, exploring the intersectionality between risk factors for liver diseases and the critical issue of food safety. By recognizing and addressing this complex interplay, policymakers, healthcare professionals, and researchers can develop targeted interventions that encompass both medical and socio-economic dimensions, fostering a more resilient and healthier society.
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Mavandadi, Shahrzad, Erin Ingram, Johanna Klaus i David Oslin. "SOCIAL TIES AND SUICIDAL IDEATION AMONG OLDER ADULTS REFERRED FOR A BEHAVIORAL HEALTH EVALUATION". Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (listopad 2019): S268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.997.
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Abstract The association between the quality and nature of social relationships and suicidal outcomes across the lifespan is well established. However, social ties are rarely assessed in primary care and other clinical settings where older adults at high risk for suicide-related outcomes are seen. This study examined the unique associations between three indices of social ties (i.e., perceived social support, frequency of negative social exchanges, and degree of social integration) and death/suicidal ideation among 3,261 older veterans (aged 65+) who completed a clinical mental health/substance use (MH/SU) assessment upon referral to a Primary Care-Mental Health Integration (PCMHI) program. Data on sociodemographics, MH/SU conditions (e.g., depression, anxiety, and substance use), perceived health, the three indices of social ties, and death/suicidal ideation were extracted from clinical interviews. Veterans were on average 70.8 years old (+6.5 years) and primarily male. Approximately half were married and 60.3% were non-Hispanic white. Forty percent reported death ideation or suicidal ideation, as measured by the Paykel Suicide Scale. Logistic regression analyses revealed that, adjusting for covariates, while perceived social support was associated with a greater risk of reporting death ideation relative to no ideation, both social support and frequency of negative exchanges were uniquely associated with greater risk of reporting suicidal ideation relative to no ideation. Social integration was unrelated to odds of death or suicidal ideation. Findings underscore the value of integrating assessments of multiple aspects of social ties into routine PCMHI practice, as doing so has the potential to enhance suicide screening and intervention efforts.
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Wang, Qian, Zhiyao Zhao i Zhaoyang Wang. "Data-Driven Analysis of Risk-Assessment Methods for Cold Food Chains". Foods 12, nr 8 (17.04.2023): 1677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12081677.
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The problem of cold-chain food safety is becoming increasingly prominent. Cold food chain risk assessment is an important way to ensure cold-chain food safety. Using CiteSpace, this study analyzes the knowledge map of research hotspots in the field of cold-chain food safety over the past 18 years, identifies the research keywords, presents the centrality statistics, and calculates the cluster values and average cluster contour values. Adopting a data-driven perspective, risk-assessment methods for cold food chains are summarized based on qualitative risk assessment, quantitative risk assessment, and comprehensive qualitative and quantitative risk assessment. The advantages and disadvantages of each are summarized. Finally, the problems and challenges in current cold food chain risk-assessment research are summarized in three aspects: the data credibility of cold food chain traceability systems, cold-chain food safety audit methods, and nontraditional cold food chain risk assessment. Suggestions are given for strengthening the cold food chain risk-assessment system to provide a decision-making reference to help regulatory authorities take risk prevention and control measures.
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Sergeev, Artyom K., Nadezhda S. Belyakova i Kirill N. Kucherenko. "Social and hygienic aspects of assessment of working conditions and health status of medical workers in the Samara Region". Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology 60, nr 11 (3.12.2020): 863–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2020-60-11-863-866.
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Introduction. Due to the increased psychoemotional load, the emergence of new sources of chemical, physical and microbiological effects on the health of medical workers, the study of the incidence of this category of workers is becoming increasingly important. The aim of study is to study social and hygienic issues related to the assessment of working conditions and health status of medical workers in the Samara Region. Materials and methods. Retrospective analysis of the results of medical and social monitoring of working conditions, health status and occupational morbidity of medical workers in the Samara Region. Results. Based on the analysis of data from the sanitary and epidemiological service and the Ministry of Health of the Samara Region on demographic and socio-economic situations, morbidity, and labor characteristics of medical workers in the Samara Region, a socio-hygienic assessment of working conditions of medical workers at the regional level was carried out. The high informative value of medical and demographic indicators in relation to the assessment of the impact of factors of the production environment on the health of health care workers and social services is shown. It is established that medical organizations generally do not meet the requirements of the current sanitary legislation in terms of ensuring safe working conditions for employees who come into contact with carcinogenic substances. Conclusions. The study of the demographic, socio-economic situation, and morbidity of medical workers with a hygienic assessment of health risk is a priority and serves as the basis for a comparative analysis of their morbidity and material for comprehensive hygiene studies.
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Podrіgalo, L., S. Piatysotska, Y. Zhernovnikova i H. Poltoratska. "Hygienic assessment of gaming conditions in the context of studying health risk factors for video game players". Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), nr 2(174) (17.02.2024): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/udu-nc.series15.2024.2(174).32.
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The article investigates the impact of regular engagement in computer games on the health of young individuals. Survey results indicate that players encounter issues with the musculoskeletal system and visual analyzer, including muscle pain, headaches, numbness, and spasms. An analysis of psychophysiological and social aspects reveals that esports athletes face not only physical problems but also psychological stress. Identified psychological issues include mood decline, anxiety, and irritability. The authors identify key health risk factors for esports athletes, such as high gaming frequency and duration, signs of computer dependency, lack of specialized equipment and furniture, consumption of stimulating substances during gaming, sedentary lifestyle, and sleep disturbances. The research underscores the importance of preventive measures and raising awareness of health risks among computer game players. The findings emphasize the need for a comprehensive approach to the well-being of this demographic, addressing both physical and mental aspects. The study contributes valuable insights into the multifaceted challenges associated with regular computer gaming, providing a foundation for developing strategies to mitigate potential health risks. Implementing preventive measures and fostering an understanding of the risks involved are crucial for promoting the health and well-being of individuals engaged in computer gaming activities.
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Kim, Scott Y. H., i Noah C. Berens. "Risk‐Sensitive Assessment of Decision‐Making Capacity: A Comprehensive Defense". Hastings Center Report 53, nr 4 (lipiec 2023): 30–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hast.1500.
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AbstractShould the assessment of decision‐making capacity (DMC) be risk sensitive, that is, should the threshold for DMC vary with risk? The debate over this question is now nearly five decades old. To many, the idea that DMC assessments should be risk sensitive is intuitive and commonsense. To others, the idea is paternalistic or incoherent, or both; they argue that the riskiness of a given decision should increase the epistemic scrutiny in the evaluation of DMC, not increase the threshold for DMC. We respond to the critics’ main concerns by providing a comprehensive account of how risk‐sensitive DMC is coherent, avoids paternalism, and best fulfills the epistemic goal of DMC evaluations.
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Apalkova, Julia I. "Person Perception, Attractiveness, and Assessment of Men with Tendency to Take Risks: Evolutionary Aspects". Вестник антропологии (Herald of Anthropology) 47, nr 3 (5.09.2019): 107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33876/2311-0546/2019-47-3/107-122.
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The male behavioural strategy associated with physical risk is one of the universal foundations on which the ideas of masculinity established in society are based. Risk-taking propensity in general can signal a man's greater competitiveness, and physically risky actions can be perceived as "courageous" behavior and evidence of strength and athleticism. The results of a number of experimental studies and observations recorded sexual differences in risky behavior. In particular, young men are more likely to take physical risks than women. Evolutionary scientists have suggested that these differences may be a result of male competition for access to sexual partners. In this study we present an analysis of male and female physical risk assessments of men in the Russian sample (n = 701). Men and women were offered vignettes describing men who differed in risk-taking propensity. Respondents needed to assess the attractiveness of men in the context of long-term romantic and short-term (so-called "one night stand") relationships, as well as to assess their competitiveness, tendency to aggression, provisioning quality and a tendency to dangerous health behavior (alcohol abuse, unprotected sex, etc.). The degree of risk tolerance was significant in the evaluation of all the proposed parameters. Men who demonstrate an average degree of risk-taking propensity received the highest ratings for attractiveness for short-term relationships. Low-risk men were found to be more attractive in long-term relationships and able to provide the best quality of life. Men who choose a type of activity associated with constant physical risk and danger were assessed as the most aggressive and competitive. In addition, high risk propensity was associated with a higher propensity for unhealthy lifestyles and bad habits. Thus, male risk-taking behaviour affects men's social perception, attractiveness and quality assessment, and a high degree of risk-taking is not always perceived as a positive quality.
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McDonald, Grace, i Louise L. Clark. "Mental health impact of admission to the intensive care unit for COVID-19". British Journal of Community Nursing 25, nr 11 (2.11.2020): 526–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjcn.2020.25.11.526.
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The pandemic caused by Covid-19 has long term ramifications for many, especially those patients who have experienced an intensive care unit (ICU) admission including ventilation and sedation. This paper will explore aspects of care delivery in the ICU regarding the current pandemic and the impact of such on the mental health of some of these patients. Post discharge, patients will be returning to a very different community incorporating social distancing, and in some cases, social isolation and/or shielding. Many may experience a multitude of physical and mental health complications which can ultimately impact upon each other, therefore a bio-psycho-pharmaco-social approach to discharge, case management, risk assessment and positive behavioural support planning is recommended.
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Bronskiy, V. I., i K. M. Sherepo. "TO THE CONCEPTION OF SOCIAL ECOLOGY AND MEDICAL REHABILITATION OF POPULATION IN POST-CHERNOBYL PERIOD". Health and Ecology Issues, nr 1 (28.03.2005): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.51523/2708-6011.2005-2-1-3.
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The general statement of the conception is stated here based on long-term research and the core is in forming at population of radiation threat of information-psychological nature determining addition to stress. Further the main risk factors are set out influencing on health, health status criteria, the psychosomatic pathology and rehabilitation model. The strategy of the latter is the decrease of stress level through the impact on social, adaptive and medical aspects. The criteria on assessment of rehabilitation measures, scientific support directions and monitoring of conception efficiency are proposed.
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Podolian, V. M. "Adolescent drug addiction in Ukraine: medical, social and psychological aspects". One Health and Nutrition Problems of Ukraine 55, nr 2 (20.10.2021): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33273/2663-9726-2021-55-2-7-16.
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The urgency of the problem is determined by the danger of drug addiction among Ukrainian adolescents, the lack of attention paid by parents to the study of this problem, and the lack of proper attention to this issue in most Ukrainian schools. Research in this area is driven by the need to identify the main social and psychological aspects that motivate adolescents to use drugs, in order to create conditions in society that prevent the spread of drugs among the youngest populations. Aim of the work is to determine the dominant psychological and social factors that motivate adolescents to start using drugs. Material and Methods. Analytical and logical research methods, systematic and comparative analysis were used to comprehensively consider and describe the factors that motivate adolescents to use drugs, despite the danger to their health and life. Results and Discussions. A high degree of risk of adolescent drug addiction has been established, which is accompanied by a significant decrease in the average age of adolescents taking drugs for the first time. The issues of social and psychological aspects of adolescent drug addiction, problems of relations in society and families, where adolescents start using drugs are considered. The types of family relations and the nature of intra-family relations, in which adolescent drug use begins, were studied. The main social and psychological factors that push modern youth to take drugs have been identified. Conclusions. Adolescent drug addiction in Ukraine remains a serious problem that requires proper attention and assessment by modern society. Effective measures to combat the dangerous phenomenon are: introduction of a system of preventive talks to explain the nature of drug addiction and the dangerous consequences of drug use for life and health; joining student youth to sports and a healthy lifestyle by reviving the system of intra-school, district, regional competitions in various sports; transformation of adolescents' consciousness towards their own development as opposed to the prospect of their drug degradation. Key Words: family relations, teenager, social environment, drugs, psychology of relations, family.
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Ziegenhagen, Rainer, Katharina Heimberg, Alfonso Lampen i Karen Ildico Hirsch-Ernst. "Safety Aspects of the Use of Isolated Piperine Ingested as a Bolus". Foods 10, nr 9 (8.09.2021): 2121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10092121.
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Piperine is a natural ingredient of Piper nigrum (black pepper) and some other Piper species. Compared to the use of pepper for food seasoning, piperine is used in food supplements in an isolated, concentrated form and ingested as a bolus. The present review focuses on the assessment of the possible critical health effects regarding the use of isolated piperine as a single ingredient in food supplements. In human and animal studies with single or short-term bolus application of isolated piperine, interactions with several drugs, in most cases resulting in increased drug bioavailability, were observed. Depending on the drug and extent of the interaction, such interactions may carry the risk of unintended deleteriously increased or adverse drug effects. Animal studies with higher daily piperine bolus doses than in human interaction studies provide indications of disturbance of spermatogenesis and of maternal reproductive and embryotoxic effects. Although the available human studies rarely reported effects that were regarded as being adverse, their suitability for detailed risk assessment is limited due to an insufficient focus on safety parameters apart from drug interactions, as well as due to the lack of investigation of the potentially adverse effects observed in animal studies and/or combined administration of piperine with other substances. Taken together, it appears advisable to consider the potential health risks related to intake of isolated piperine in bolus form, e.g., when using certain food supplements.
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Fergus, Stevenson, Megan A. Lewis, Lynae A. Darbes i Alex H. Kral. "Social Support Moderates the Relationship Between Gay Community Integration and Sexual Risk Behavior Among Gay Male Couples". Health Education & Behavior 36, nr 5 (14.07.2008): 846–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198108319891.
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Few studies of partnered gay men consider the social context within which sexual behaviors occur or investigate positive aspects of the social environment that may offset factors that are related to risky sexual behaviors. Fewer still include assessment of both individuals making up couples. Using an ecological framework and an actor-partner multilevel analysis approach, the authors investigate how three dimensions of gay community integration are related to individual sexual risk behavior among 108 individuals in 54 couples. They then investigate how general social support and partner-provided, HIV-specific social support moderate these relationships. An individual’s gay community social engagement and general social support interact to predict sexual risk behavior, such that the apparent protective effect of social support is more pronounced among those with less social engagement. The association between partner-reported general social support and safer sexual behaviors is more pronounced among those whose partners disclose their gay identity to more people.
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Johncyrani, R., i Judie Arulappan. "Assessment of Knowledge of Antenatal Mothers Regarding Selected Health Problems of Complicated Pregnancy- A Cross Sectional Study". Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia 15, nr 3 (24.09.2018): 561–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2662.
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Pregnancy and child birth are common and highly important aspects of women’s life. The focus of midwifery is on the care of essentially healthy women, and the care extends to women with social, medical or obstetric risk factors. A descriptive study to assess the knowledge of antenatal mothers on selected health problems complicating pregnancy was conducted. 100 antenatal mothers were selected through simple random sampling method. Among 100 antenatal mothers, 83% had inadequate knowledge and 17% had moderately adequate knowledge. There was highly significant association between the knowledge of antenatal mothers and their demographic variables such as educational status, occupation, and monthly income. It is reported that many of the antenatal mothers were having poor knowledge of selected health problems complicating pregnancy and its clinical manifestation and risk factors. Hence, it is necessary to create awareness among antenatal mothers which might improve their health seeking behaviors. This can be achieved by giving health education to the antenatal mothers. So the researcher had given instructional manual to improve knowledge regarding selected health problems complicating pregnancy which included iron deficiency anemia, gestational diabetes mellitus and pregnancy induced hypertension.
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Suksawatchon, Ureerat, Jakkarin Suksawatchon i Wannarat Lawang. "Health Risk Analysis Expert System for Family Caregiver of Person with Disabilities using Data Mining Techniques". ECTI Transactions on Computer and Information Technology (ECTI-CIT) 12, nr 1 (28.06.2018): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37936/ecti-cit.2018121.108619.
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The nursing care for the family caregiver of the disabled person is an important task for long-term care, since the caring people with disabilities is the difficult and hard task. In this paper, the Health Risk Analysis System or HRAS is introduced which is the new expert system for identifying the health risk level in three aspects including mental, physical, and social health aspects, and provides the intervention according to the health risk level of each aspect as well. The HRAS is the client-server system. The HRAS client proceeds on web-based application to collect health data via online questionnaire and shows the analysis results. The collected health data are transmitted to the server to analysis and to assess the health risk level by using the proposed classifier model named Risk Analysis Classifier or RAC. The classification algorithm and rule-based classifier are used to build the RAC. The RAC is evaluated using k-fold cross validation and the experts with annotated health data and unseen data. The evaluation results showed that Neural Network performs the best performance overall which it achieves the accuracy above 90% in all health data sets. Thus, the Neural Network is the most suitable classifier for this work. In addition, the HRAS has been deployed and collected the user experience via the formal survey. These survey results demonstrated that the system provides high accuracy assessment and very utilization in several aspects.
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Irsheed, Ghada Abu, Alana Steffen, Laurie Quinn, Pei Chen, Monya Meinel, Larisa Burke i Bilgay Izci-Balserak. "0859 Impact of Social Determinants of Health and Sleep on Cardiometabolic Health in Pregnant African American Women". SLEEP 47, Supplement_1 (20.04.2024): A369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsae067.0859.
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Abstract Introduction Cardiometabolic Disease disproportionately impacts African American (AA) women with higher gestational diabetes risk compared to their White counterparts, often progressing to post-partum type 2 diabetes across the United States. Thus, pregnancy is a critical period to assess cardiometabolic health (CMH) in this population. This study aimed to explore the impact of Social Determinants of Health (SDoH) and sleep-related outcomes on insulin resistance. Methods Data from 70 AA pregnant women enrolled in the BETTER lifestyle counseling study (NCT05234125) who completed surveys and provided blood samples were analyzed. SDoH factors encompassed stress level (Perceived Stress Scale), social support perceptions (Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support), and demographic indicators such as income and education. Sleep assessments included evaluations of sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), sleep apnea risk measuring the apnea-hypopnea index (Watch-PAT One), insomnia symptoms (Insomnia Severity Index), and sleep hygiene (Sleep Hygiene Index). Insulin resistance was quantified using the Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) as the outcome variable. Multiple regression analyses including demographic variables with a p< 0.2 in bivariate analyses were performed to determine the predictive capacity of SDoH and sleep variables on HOMA-IR. Results The mean age was 30.4 (SD 5.72; range:18.5-42 years); mean gestational weeks (GWs) was 18.03 (SD 3.021; range:10.6-23.1); and mean body mass index (BMI) was 33.09 kg/m2 (SD 5.63; range:16.2-47.1). After controlling for covariates (age, GWs, BMI, income, and education), higher stress (β=.251, p<.05), poor sleep quality (β=.279, p<.05), and higher insomnia symptoms (β=.248, p<.05) were significantly associated with higher insulin resistance. These results contribute important insights into the impact of both SDoH and sleep-related outcomes on insulin resistance among AA women during pregnancy. Conclusion SDoH and sleep, particularly stress and sleep disturbances, are linked to CMH, highlighting the importance of comprehensive assessment to address cardiometabolic disease risks for AA women during their pregnancy. Further research is needed to understand the causal aspects of these associations and develop targeted interventions to optimize the CMH, and enhance maternal and child health outcomes in this population. Support (if any) The National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities at The National Institute of Health of the United States, R01MD015724.
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Weijer, Charles. "The Ethical Analysis of Risk". Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 28, nr 4 (2000): 344–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2000.tb00686.x.
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The institutional review board (IRB) is the social-oversight mechanism charged with protecting research subjects. Performing this task competently requires that the IRB scrutinize informed-consent procedures, the balance of risks and potential benefits, and subject-selection procedures in research protocols. Unfortunately, it may be said that IRBs are spending too much time editing informed-consent forms and too little time analyzing the risks and potential benefits posed by research. This time mismanagement is clearly reflected in the research ethics literature. A review of articles published between 1979 and 1990 in IRB: A Review of Human Subjects Research, for example, reveals a large number of articles on informed consent and confidentiality (142 articles) and considerably fewer on the assessment of risks and potential harms (40), study design (20), and subject-selection procedures (5).
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Narayanan, G., C. S. Sathish Gowda, G. Govindaraj i M. Nagalingam. "Social Network Analysis (SNA) and Biosecurity Assessment Index (BAI): Prospective tools for veterinary epidemiological studies". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 19, RAAAHSTSE (15.06.2023): 120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijas/19.raaahstse-2023/120-126.
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Many animal health care givers, livestock farmers and value chain actors live in societies where frequently interacting socially with each other on the aspects of animal disease prevention and control in addition to productivity improvement possibilities. The social structures of these systems can be studied in depth by new tools such as Social Network Analysis (SNA) and Biosecurity Assessment Index (BAI), which can be of much useful in veterinary epidemiological research for disease prevention and control. A large number of studies on social networks in many foreign countries have in recent years been carried out in the veterinary epidemiological research and resulted in providing new insights into disease prevention behaviours of farmers and other stakeholder, existing biosecurity practices, risk factors and behavioural constraints in animal disease management. This line of research is currently not conducted in India, since the existence of complex systems as could be expected. The purpose of this paper is to introducethe concepts and tools of SNA and BAI for complex animal health systems and highlight the areas of synergy like combining biosecurity and social network analysis in animal disease prevention and control. We believe that an increased integration of social networks analysis and biosecurity with the interdisciplinary field of complex systems and networks would be beneficial for various reasons. In this paper, we describe concepts of Social Networks Analysis (SNA), Biosecurity Assessment Index (BAI), given an overview of the methods and tools commonly used to study. Developing expertise may be of particularly valuable for Indian veterinary epidemiological studies as animal health sector’s social networks possess complex systems and we consider aspects like these will help to facilitate further interdisciplinary and departmental collaborations for better animal health management.
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Maruta, N., T. Panko, V. Fedchenko i O. Semikina. "Internally displaced persons and their mental health status". European Psychiatry 64, S1 (kwiecień 2021): S406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1088.
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IntroductionThere are about 1.5 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Ukraine, which requires an assessment of their mental health.ObjectivesTo develop a psychoeducational program aimed at informing about the clinical manifestations (markers of symptoms) of mental disorders, the possibilities of preventing their formation and options for action in conditions of the formation or exacerbation of a mental state.Methods270 IDPs were examined. Methods: clinical-psychopathological, psychometric, statistical.ResultsEvaluation of the mental state of IDPs with symptoms of mental disorders (risk group (31.92%)) indicates the presence of various emotional disorders that formed individual syndromes – asthenic (41.18%), agrypnic (45.59%), somato-vegetative (30.88%), anxiety-depressive (20, 59%). The risk factors for the development of mental disorders in IDPs were identified - the older age is from 50 to 59 and the average age is from 40 to 49 years; lack of a complete family, lack of work, low level of social employment, lack of satisfactory living conditions, a significant decrease in the level of well-being, the preservation of the significance of factors of mental trauma, the presence of certain prenosological syndromes. The proposed psychoeducational program is built on the principle of thematic seminars with elements of social and psychological training.ConclusionsThe implementation of the program provides a comprehensive impact on the cognitive, emotional, psychophysiological, behavioral and social aspects of personality functioning.
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Lagos, Veronica I., Martin A. Perez, Charité N. Ricker, Kathleen R. Blazer, Nydia M. Santiago, Nancy Feldman, Lori Viveros i Jeffrey N. Weitzel. "Social-cognitive aspects of underserved Latinas preparing to undergo genetic cancer risk assessment for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer". Psycho-Oncology 17, nr 8 (sierpień 2008): 774–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pon.1358.
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Mastronuzzi, Tecla, i Ignazio Grattagliano. "Nutrition as a Health Determinant in Elderly Patients". Current Medicinal Chemistry 26, nr 19 (12.09.2019): 3652–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666170523125806.
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Background: An adequate caloric intake is a major determinant for the health status especially when degenerative conditions become a predominant risk for difficult-to-treat diseases as in aging. Methods: A structured search of literature on the major databases was performed using terms as nutrition, elderly and malnutrition. Results: According to most referenced articles, it appears to be unquestionable that both organic and social risk factors [economic hardship, loneliness, institutionalization] are important as determining causes of protein-caloric malnutrition. Some anthropometric, clinical and laboratory parameters can help to make diagnosis and quantify malnutrition. However, most of them are not cheap or are not simple to perform especially in the setting of General Practice. The application of a simple questionnaire [Mini Nutritional Assessment, MNA] allows to obtain in a fast, easy and non-invasive way a valid assessment of the nutritional status in geriatric patients. The maintenance of the nutritional status is the best measure to counteract the risk of proteincaloric malnutrition and its complications which often sneakily affects elderly population and in particular frail patients. Conclusion: This review, based on updated concepts, examines all the above mentioned points together with some aspects associated with malnutrition as an indicator of disease severity and health costs in the elderly population. Finally, the impact of nutritional intervention and nutrients supplementation on general indices of malnutrition are discussed as a promising strategy.
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Caffrey, Arden, Carolyn Pointer, David Steward i Sameer Vohra. "The Role of Community Health Needs Assessments in Medicalizing Poverty". Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 46, nr 3 (2018): 615–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073110518804212.
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The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), passed in 2010, is considered by many to be the most significant healthcare overhaul since the 1960s, but part of its promise — improvement of population health through requirements for non-profit hospitals to provide “community benefit” — has not been met. This paper examines the history of community benefit legislation, how community benefit dollars are allocated, and innovative practices by a few hospitals and communities that are addressing primarily non-medical factors that influence health such as social disadvantage, attitudes, beliefs, risk exposure, and social inequalities.
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Coker, David L., Kristen D. Ritchey, Ximena Uribe-Zarain i Austin S. Jennings. "An Analysis of First-Grade Writing Profiles and Their Relationship to Compositional Quality". Journal of Learning Disabilities 51, nr 4 (12.05.2017): 336–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022219417708171.
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To help all students meet the writing expectations of the Common Core State Standards, researchers need a deeper understanding of the characteristics of struggling writers. The purpose of this study was to explore the writing profiles of students including those who have or are at risk for writing disabilities. First-grade students ( N = 391) were assessed at the end of the school year using three writing assessments (spelling, sentence writing fluency, writing achievement). The researchers used latent profile analysis to identify students as fitting into one of five profiles (At Risk, Low Fluency, Low Writing, Average, and Above Average). Students also wrote narrative and descriptive texts that were scored multiple ways. The researchers used confirmatory factor analysis to identify four common factors: quality/length, spelling, mechanics, and syntax. Students in the At Risk profile wrote narratives and descriptions that scored lower on all aspects of writing when compared to students in the Average and Above Average profiles. These findings provide further evidence of the distinct difference among writers as early as first grade, and they offer insight into the characteristics of at-risk writers. The implications of these findings for instruction and assessment and directions for future research are described.
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De La Roche Colorado, Valentina, Ángela María Franco Cortés, Emilia María Ochoa Acosta i Vanessa Bran Muñoz. "Assessment of an educational strategy and application of an oral health preventive protocol in early childhood". Revista Facultad de Odontología 32, nr 1 (21.05.2020): 6–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.rfo.v32n1a1.
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Introduction: in Colombia, educational and preventive strategies to improve oral health in early childhood have been developed, but few evaluative studies have been conducted to assess their results. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge on early childhood oral care acquired by education agents after participating in an educational strategy, and to evaluate the results of the implementation of the Ministry of Health’s preventive protocol “I am a more smiling generation” (Soy una generación más sonriente). Methods: this was a mixed-focus study. The qualitative component was a participatory assessment of learning. It involved 45 education agents registered in a state program, who participated in workshops and focus groups. The quantitative component was a longitudinal study with the participation of 54 mother-child pairs belonging to the same program. The preventive protocol was applied three times over a twelve-month period. It included educational reinforcement and application of fluoride varnish to the children, using oral examination and assessment of their dental caries risk, as well as a survey to identify the families’ social conditions. Results: after applying the preventive protocol, the average carious teeth in children decreased from 3.1 teeth in the first examination to 2.2 in the third one. Prior to application of the preventive protocol, 49% of children had a high risk of developing cavities and in the last visit 63% were at low risk while 5.6% were at high risk. A number of positive aspects result from this learning assessment, including the adoption of new pedagogical strategies to accompany children during oral care practices; there are also some aspects to improve in relation to the persistence of conflicting knowledge concerning children’s rights to oral health. Conclusion: following the application of the preventive protocol, the children’s average carious teeth decreased, as well as their risk for dental caries. Educational agents acquired new knowledge, but uniform knowledge in terms of children’s health rights is still lacking.
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Birnbaum, Marvin L., Elaine K. Daily i Ann P. O’Rourke. "Research and Evaluations of the Health Aspects of Disasters, Part IV: Framework for Societal Structures: the Societal Systems". Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 30, nr 6 (11.11.2015): 633–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x15005348.
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AbstractFor the purposes of research and/or evaluation, a community/society is organized into 13 Societal Systems under the umbrella of an overall Coordination and Control System. This organization facilitates descriptions of a community/society or a component of a community for assessment at any designated time across the Temporal Phases of a disaster. Such assessments provide a picture of the functional status of one or more Systems that comprise a community. Since no system operates in isolation from the other systems, information of the concomitant status of several Societal Systems is crucial to gaining a complete understanding of compromised functions, as well as the effects and side effects of any intervention directed at restoring the functional state of the affected community or risk-reduction interventions of a community-at-risk. The 13 Societal Systems include: (1) Public Health; (2) Medical Care; (3) Water and Sanitation; (4) Shelter and Clothing; (5) Food and Nutrition; (6) Energy Supply; (7) Public Works and Engineering; (8) Social Structures; (9) Logistics and Transportation; (10) Security; (11) Communications; (12) Economy; and (13) Education. Many functions and sub-functions of the Systems overlap, or share some common sub-functions with other systems. For the purposes of research/evaluation, it is necessary to assign functions and sub-functions to only one of the Societal Systems.BirnbaumML, DailyEK, O’RourkeAP. Research and evaluations of the health aspects of disasters, part IV: framework for societal structures: the Societal Systems. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(6):633–647.
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Kolker, Aliza. "Advances in Prenatal Diagnosis Social–Psychological and Policy Issues". International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 5, nr 4 (październik 1989): 601–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462300008485.
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Chorionic villus sampling (CVS), a new technique for prenatally diagnosing chromosomal and genetic disorders, may soon replace amniocentesis. This procedure, performed by inserting a catheter through the pregnant woman's cervix or through the abdomen and removing cells from the placenta, has the advantages of being available earlier in the pregnancy than amniocentesis (at 9 to 11 weeks gestational age) and of yielding results in a shorter time. Although the medical aspects of the procedure are being investigated, its psychosocial and policy implications have not been studied systematically. These issues include the subjective assessment of risk that prompts women to choose or to reject CVS, the implications of earlier diagnosis for feelings about abortion, the potential of negative findings (i.e., the absence of the designated disorder) for well-being during the remainder of the pregnancy, the ramifications of first trimester identification of fetal sex, equity of access to prenatal diagnosis, and the possible over- utilization of these procedures. Drawing on previous research regarding amniocentesis and more recent research concerning CVS, this article discusses the potential implications of CVS.
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LeBlanc, Raeann, i Rachel Walker. "The Absence of Close Social Network Connections: A Case Study Investigation in Social Isolation". Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (1.12.2020): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.550.
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Abstract Social isolation is an emerging phenomenon known to significantly influence health outcomes and carries specific risk in older age. As part of a larger study exploring the social network effects on health among persons age 65 and above, it was found that four cases from a larger sample (n=89) could not name any one from their social relationships supportive to them in managing their health while living with complex chronic health needs. In addressing these findings, these cases, bounded spatially by individual social networks and temporally by the time of the study interview, served the basis for intensive analysis using multiple data points from in-depth interviews and survey measures. Measures included descriptive data (social networks, demographics) and measures of health (SF-12), and social support (MOS-SSS). Each participant case identified as female gender and single, three lived alone, had a high burden of chronic conditions and poor health. All had recent hospitalizations (1 or more within the past year). The structures of their social networks varied in type of relationship roles and size. Social support was perceived overall as low. This study offers a specific contribution to research on social connection/isolation. This phenomenon is relative to specific contexts. Findings emphasize that social isolation can be specific to certain aspects of identity and poorer health in older age. Additional research on the functions and qualities of social networks, in addition to the structure, are important to specify in future research and knowledge development for practice assessment to determine social connection and isolation.
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Kovalishin, Orysia. "Medical and social aspects of women with menstrual dysfunction in puberty". Perinatology and reproductology: from research to practice 1, nr 3 (25.09.2021): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.52705/2788-6190-2021-3-10.
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The reproductive system is exposed to various adverse factors and harmful effects at all stages of the functioning of the body. Against the background of a decrease in the level of reproductive female health in recent years, there is a clear tendency towards an increase in the number of patients with pathology of the puberty period. The low level of somatic and reproductive health before pregnancy causes a high frequency of complicated births, which leads to a deterioration in the development of subsequent generations. The objective. Based on clinical and anamnestic data, laboratory and instrumental methods of research, analysis of risk factors, clinical presentation, treatment effectiveness and clinical observation, to give a clinical description of women who had menstrual dysfunction in the pubertal period. Materials and methods. According to the nature of the violations, the main group of women (n=210) who had a pathology of menstrual function in the puberty period was divided into 3 subgroups (n=70): the first – women with primary oligomenorrhea and timely average population menarche, the second – with a late age menarche, the third – with puberty bleeding. The control group included women (n=70) with the correct rhythm of menstruation in puberty. Results. During a clinical prospective study, the social status of women with impaired reproductive function in the puberty was analyzed, the frequency and structure of existing concomitant somatic diseases, the duration of the menstrual cycle, the nature of diseases of the female genital organs; an assessment of the complex treatment of the revealed violations was made, which allowed to obtain a favorable reproductive prognosis. Most of the women examined (53.3%) planned a pregnancy, which occurred in 75.9% of those planning. Conclusion. A study of the clinical and anamnestic analysis of the reproductive function of women with menstrual irregularities in the puberty period will increase the effectiveness of the treatment of identified disorders and develop algorithms for the management of such women during planning and during pregnancy.
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Wasserman, David. "Challenges in a Divided Assessment of the Social Benefits and Risks of Research". American Journal of Bioethics 11, nr 5 (29.04.2011): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2011.552166.
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Nicolazzo, Dora, Elena Rusin, Alessandra Varese i Margherita Galassi. "Negative Pressure Wound Therapy and Traditional Dressing: An Italian Health Technology Assessment Evaluation". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, nr 3 (29.01.2023): 2400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032400.
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This evaluation shows the main advantages related to the introduction of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in Italian clinical practice for the management of incisions in vascular surgery in patients suffering from peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and at risk of postoperative complications, compared to treatment with traditional dressings. A health technology assessment (HTA) activity was conducted assuming the hospital perspective, within a 12-month time horizon. The nine EUnetHTA Core Model dimensions were deeply explored, using scientific evidence on the topic, real-life data, and healthcare professionals’ perceptions. The evaluation shows that the use of NPWT has had a positive impact in terms of higher clinical effectiveness and safety profile. The process mapping highlights how NPWT allows a reduction of 2.5 hospitalization days compared with standard dressing, with the consequent benefits considering economic, organizational, and social aspects. A significant economic saving per patient emerged, with an overall optimization of the patient’s clinical pathway, impacting positively on the hospital’s capacity. The budget impact analysis shows that the higher number of patients treated with NPWT, the higher the economic advantages. Furthermore, assuming the patient’s perspective, it would generate an overall reduction in social costs of 28%. In conclusion, the results of this study provide helpful evidence-based information to policymakers through examinations of the relative values of intervention, thus supporting the overall hospital and institutional decision-making process to define appropriate areas of investments, leading to the achievement of not only higher clinical outcomes, but also important social, economic, and organizational advantages.
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Kirfel, Andrea, Diane Jossen, Jan Menzenbach, Andreas Mayr i Maria Wittmann. "Occurrence of Postoperative Delirium and the Use of Different Assessment Tools". Geriatrics 8, nr 1 (11.01.2023): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics8010011.
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(1) Background: Postoperative delirium (POD) poses a high risk of worsening outcomes for patients and is also a burden for hospitals. The leading guidelines recommend standardized POD assessment and prevention. The aim of this subgroup analysis of the PRe-Operative Prediction of Postoperative DElirium by Appropriate SCreening (PROPDESC) trial was to compare different delirium assessments and to analyse the frequency of POD on five postoperative days. (2) Methods: This prospective observational trial enrolled 1097 patients in a university hospital from 2018 until 2019. The following POD assessment tools were used for five consecutive days: Confusion Assessment Method for ICU (CAM-ICU) or Confusion Assessment Method for normal ward (CAM), 4 A’s Test (4AT) and Delirium Observation Screening (DOS) scale. (3) Results: In a 5-day visit interval, most new POD developments occurred on the first and second postoperative day. A clear recommendation for a specific POD assessment tool based on our results cannot be given. (4) Conclusions: According to guidelines, a POD assessment should take place on the first five postoperative days, but of these, the first two are those of highest POD occurrence. The POD assessment tool used should at best include direct patient questioning and aspects of patient observation.
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Antonov, Anca Elena, Georgeta Buică, Constantin Beiu i Remus Dobra. "Management of occupational safety and health in the commissioning of defective work equipment in the manufacturing industry". MATEC Web of Conferences 373 (2022): 00068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202237300068.
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Work equipment must provide compliance with the essential safety and health requirements applicable from the design and manufacturing stage to ensure a high level of protection of social interests, safety and health at work, and environmental protection. Non-conformities are discovered during the initial commissioning of work equipment in some circumstances due to incorrect design and/or manufacture, resulting in unsafe and non-compliant equipment that is defective when placed on the market and marketed. The purpose of this article is to present the research findings. The goal was to assess the risks associated with the security aspects of digital paper and cardboard printing machinery, to ensure compliance with current safety and health regulations, and to limit the risk of operating defective products. The study offered research results on the establishment of safety and compliance conditions, in order to design a methodology for assessment and technical inspection of work equipment, based on risk assessment and taking into account the usual and anticipated use of the work equipment. Introduction on the market, to improve the efficiency of technical inspection and market surveillance operations by detecting and generating risk profiles for work equipment manufacturer non-conformity.