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PELSTER, BERND, i ROY E. WEBER. "INFLUENCE OF ORGANIC PHOSPHATES ON THE ROOT EFFECT OF MULTIPLE FISH HAEMOGLOBINS". Journal of Experimental Biology 149, nr 1 (1.03.1990): 425–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.149.1.425.
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The influence of organic phosphates on the reduction in oxygen-carrying capacity at low pH (Root effect) in multiple fish haemoglobins has been analysed spectrophotometrically. In stripped haemolysates of carp, trout and eel, the Root effect in the presence of ATP was manifested below pH7.0. In the absence of phosphates, it was only found in trout haemolysate In the pH range between 8.5 and 6.1 no Root effect could be induced in the cathodic component (Hbl) of either trout or eel haemoglobin, even in the presence of very high concentrations of ATP or GTP. This was also true for component II (Hbll) of trout. The anodic component (HblV) of both species, however, exhibited a strong Root effect potentiated by NTP. At the same NTP/Hb4 concentration ratio, GTP was much more effective than ATP in both species The involvement of different haemoglobin components in the generation of high oxygen tensions in the fish swimbladder is discussed by comparing in vivo Root effect data obtained with an eel swimbladder preparation with in vitro data measured in eel blood and haemoglobin.
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Alam, Minhazul, Md Sakib Hasan Khan, Md Rafiqul Islam i Md Tanvir Hasan. "Bandgap engineering in BP/PtO2 van der Waals (vdW) hetero-bilayer using first-principles study". AIP Advances 12, nr 9 (1.09.2022): 095312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0118013.
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Based on the motivation of the recent advancement of the van der Waals heterostructure (vdW HBL), we have studied the tunable optoelectronic properties of the two-dimensional (2D) boron phosphide–platinum di-oxide (BP/PtO2) heterostructure using dispersion corrected density functional theory (DFT). Six different stackings are considered to stack the 2D BP upon 2D PtO2 and are tested through DFT. Phonon spectra and binding energy calculation validate the dynamical and chemical stability of the constructed heterostructures. It is found that HBL1, HBL3, and HBL4 have type-II indirect band gaps of 0.001, 0.027, and 0.021 eV, respectively whereas the other HBLs 2, 4, and 5 show a semiconductor–metal transition. The variation in the interlayer distances, cross-plane electric field, and biaxial strain can effectively tune the bandgap, although type-II band alignment remains unaffected in all cases. A large built-in electric field, of ∼15 eV in electrostatic potential between the 2D structures and type-II band alignment of the HBL, suggests efficient separation of charges in all the HBLs. The bandgaps are highly responsive to the interlayer distances, electric field, and biaxial strain in the HBL. It is found that the bandgap increases under the application of compressive strain and an external electric field along the negative z-direction up to −0.4 V/Å. Interestingly, a semiconductor–metal transition occurs for tensile strain and the external electric field along the positive z-direction. All HBLs have efficient optical absorption in the visible and UV portions of the solar spectra, which is highly anticipated for optoelectronics applications. These unrivaled properties of the vdW BP/PtO2 HBL that we have explored make them a promising candidate for nano-electronic devices and infrared detector applications.
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Washburn, Allyson, i Sheila C. Bibb. "Students Studying Students: An Assessment of using Undergraduate Student Researchers in an Ethnographic Study of Library Use". Library and Information Research 35, nr 109 (30.05.2011): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/lirg287.
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This paper reports on the use of undergraduate students enrolled in an Applied Anthropology course as researchers for a library use study at Brigham Young University's (BYU) Harold B. Lee Library (HBLL). This is a common practice at BYU, but has not been reported extensively in the literature. The study was carried out by the authors with the assistance of undergraduate students, the students being the researchers and was conducted in order that the HBLL could determine student ideas for reconfiguring some newly opened space in the Periodicals room. Using students assisted the library as well as met a curricular need in the Anthropology course. Ethnographic methods were the primary means used to gather the data. The paper asserts that the peer interaction during the data collection significantly enriched the quality of the data collected.
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Vyletělová, Marcela, i Juraj Banykó. "Detection of coding genes for enterotoxins in Bacillus cereus by PCR and their products by BCET-RPLA and ELISA Assay". Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 58, nr 5 (2010): 417–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201058050417.
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Determination of enterotoxin production, diarrhoeal and emetic gene identification was studied in 41Bacillus cereusstrains isolated from raw cows’ and raw goats’ milk, pasteurized milk, dairy products during technological processing and from dairy plant equipment. Presence of enterotoxins was detected by BCET-RPLA (HBL) and ELISA immunoassay (NHE). Gene identification (nheA,nheB,nheC,hblA,hblC,hblD,bceT,cytK-1,cytK-2,entFMandces) was achieved by means of PCR. Enterotoxin HBL was detected in 32 strains, enterotoxin NHE in all 41 strains. Presence of all three genesnheA,nheBandnheCwas confirmed in 40 strains and geneshblA,hblCandhblDin 29 strains. Comparison of used methods was as follow: 1) BCET-RPLA (which detects L2 component) and PCR (positive or negative all threehblA,hblCandhblDgene detection) were identical in 30 (73%); 2) ELISA (NheA) and PCR (all threenheC,nheBandnheAgene expression) were identical in 40 (98%) cases isolated strains.
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Huang, Chien-Jung, Kan-Lin Chen, Dei-Wei Chou, Yu-Chen Lee i Chih-Chieh Kang. "Enhancing Color Purity and Stable Efficiency of White Organic Light Diodes by Using Hole-Blocking Layer". Journal of Nanomaterials 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/915894.
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The organic light-emitting diodes with triple hole-blocking layer (THBL) formation sandwich structure which generate white emission were fabricated. The 5,6,11,12-tetraphenylnapthacene (Rubrene), (4,4′-N,N′-dicarbazole)biphenyl (CBP), and 4,4′-bis(2,2′diphenylvinil)-1,1′-biphenyl (DPVBi) were used as emitting materials in the device. The function of CBP layer is not only an emitting layer but also a hole-blocking layer (HBL), and the Rubrene was doped into the CBP. The optimal configuration structure was indium tin oxide (ITO)/Molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) (5 nm)/[4,4-bis[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]biphenyl (NPB) (35 nm)/CBP (HBL1) (5 nm)/DPVBi (I) (10 nm)/CBP (HBL2) : Rubrene (4 : 1) (3 nm)/DPVBi (II) (30 nm)/CBP (HBL3) (2 nm)/4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BPhen) (10 nm)/Lithium fluoride (LiF)/aluminum (Al). The result showed that the device with Rubrene doped in CBP (HBL2) exhibited a stable white emission with the color coordinates of (0.322, 0.368), and the coordinate with the slight shift of±Δx,y= (0.001, 0.011) for applied voltage of 8–12 V was observed.
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Quinney, Kayla L., Sara D. Smith i Quinn Galbraith. "Bridging the Gap: Self-Directed Staff Technology Training". Information Technology and Libraries 29, nr 4 (1.12.2010): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/ital.v29i4.3131.
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Undergraduates, as members of the Millennial Generation, are proficient in Web 2.0 technology and expect to apply these technologies to their coursework—including scholarly research. To remain relevant, academic libraries need to provide the technology that student patrons expect, and academic librarians need to learn and use these technologies themselves. Because leaders at the Harold B. Lee Library of Brigham Young University (HBLL) perceived a gap in technology use between students and their staff and faculty, they developed and implemented the Technology Challenge, a self-directed technology training program that rewarded employees for exploring technology daily. The purpose of this paper is to examine the Technology Challenge through an analysis of results of surveys given to participants before and after the Technology Challenge was implemented. The program will also be evaluated in terms of the adult learning theories of andragogy and selfdirected learning. HBLL found that a self-directed approach fosters technology skills that librarians need to best serve students. In addition, it promotes lifelong learning habits to keep abreast of emerging technologies. This paper offers some insights and methods that could be applied in other libraries, the most valuable of which is the use of self-directed and andragogical training methods to help academic libraries better integrate modern technologies.
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Worthy, Harley L., Lainey J. Williamson, Husam Sabah Auhim, Stephen H. Leppla, Inka Sastalla, D. Dafydd Jones, Pierre J. Rizkallah i Colin Berry. "The Crystal Structure of Bacillus cereus HblL1". Toxins 13, nr 4 (31.03.2021): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13040253.
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The Hbl toxin is a three-component haemolytic complex produced by Bacillus cereus sensu lato strains and implicated as a cause of diarrhoea in B. cereus food poisoning. While the structure of the HblB component of this toxin is known, the structures of the other components are unresolved. Here, we describe the expression of the recombinant HblL1 component and the elucidation of its structure to 1.36 Å. Like HblB, it is a member of the alpha-helical pore-forming toxin family. In comparison to other members of this group, it has an extended hydrophobic beta tongue region that may be involved in pore formation. Molecular docking was used to predict possible interactions between HblL1 and HblB, and suggests a head to tail dimer might form, burying the HblL1 beta tongue region.
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Soares, Celina Mara, Geórgio Freesz Valadares, Raquel Monteiro Cordeiro de Azeredo i Arnaldo Yoshiteru Kuaye. "Contaminação ambiental e perfil toxigênico de Bacillus cereus isolados em serviços de alimentação". Ciência Rural 38, nr 2 (kwiecień 2008): 504–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782008000200033.
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A avaliação da contaminação ambiental por Bacillus cereus foi realizada em 90 amostras de ar ambiente e em 96 amostras de superfícies de bancadas e de equipamentos, de dois restaurantes institucionais. O microrganismo foi detectado em 84,4% e 44,8% das amostras de ar ambiente e de superfícies, respectivamente. O potencial enterotoxigênico dos isolados foi investigado através da reação da polimerase em cadeia (PCR) para os genes hblA, hblD e hblC (que codificam a hemolisina BL) e para os genes nheA, nheB e nheC (que codificam a enterotoxina não hemolítica - NHE). De um total de 70 isolados investigados, 14,3% foram positivos para os três genes da HBL e 12,8% foram positivos para os três genes da NHE. A produção de NHE também foi verificada através do Bacillus Diarrhoeal Enterotoxin Visual Immunoassay (kit BDE-VIA; Tecra). Os resultados obtidos com o kit revelaram que 61,4% dos 70 isolados são produtores de NHE.
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Adesetan, Titilayo O., Moses O. Efuntoye i Olubukola O. Babalola. "Profiling of Bacillus cereus enterotoxigenic genes from retailed foods and detection of the nhe and hbl toxins with immunological assay". Journal of Applied and Natural Science 14, nr 1 (20.03.2022): 254–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v14i1.3258.
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Bacillus cereus produces pore-forming toxins responsible for diarrhoea; therefore, rapidly detecting these toxins in food retailed for consumption is needed. The genomic DNA of 100 B. cereus isolates recovered from some retailed foods was extracted and used as a template for enterotoxin detection. The detection of genes of non-haemolyticnonhemolytic enterotoxin (nheA, nheB, nheC), hemolysin BL (hblA, hblC, hblD), entFM, cytK and bceT by the isolates was carried out with PCR using primers specific for the targeted genes, while the production of Nhe and Hbl enterotoxins in fifty of the randomly chosen isolates was detected with a Duopath Cereus Enterotoxin kit. Ninety-five percent of the isolates carried one or more components of the NHE complex, while 56% had one or more components of HBL. Sixteen out of the 100 isolates carried all the genes for NHE and HBL complex genes. The entFM, cytK and bceT genes were detected in 85%, 74% and 60% of B. cereus isolates, respectively. Starchy foods had the highest incidence of the HBL complex, while nheA and nheC occurred mostly in protein foods with 90% and 87% incidence, respectively. The immunological kit was able to detect the production of nonhemolytic enterotoxin (Nhe) in all the B. cereus isolates, while 28 B. cereus isolates produced hemolysin (hbl). Nineteen isolates that carried one or more genes encoding hbl did not produce the toxin. This study clearly showed that retailed foods sold in Ogun State, Nigeria, harbor B. cereus enterotoxigenic genes responsible for diarrhoea. These toxins can be rapidly detected in foods using both molecular and immunological methods.
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CHAVES, JEANE QUINTANILHA, CLARA de FÁTIMA GOMES CAVADOS i ADRIANA MARCOS VIVONI. "Molecular and Toxigenic Characterization of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis Strains Isolated from Commercial Ground Roasted Coffee". Journal of Food Protection 75, nr 3 (1.03.2012): 518–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-11-325.
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Thirty samples of roasted ground coffee beans from 10 different commercial brands were analyzed to investigate the occurrence and levels of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis strains. Strains were evaluated for their genetic diversity by repetitive element sequence polymorphism PCR (Rep-PCR) and for their toxigenic profiles, i.e., the presence of hblA, hblC, hblD, nheA, nheB, nheC, cytK, ces, and entFM. Survival and multiplication of B. cereus sensu lato in the ready-to-drink coffee was determined to evaluate this beverage as a possible vehicle for B. cereus infection. B. cereus was detected in 17 (56.7%) of the 30 samples, and B. thuringiensis was detected in 8 (26.7%) of the 30 samples. Five samples did not produce any characteristic growth. The most common gene, entFM, was detected in 23 strains (92%). The NHE complex (nheA, nheB, and nheC genes) was found in 19 strains (76%). The HBL complex (hblA, hblC, and hblD) was found in 16 strains (64%). All strains were negative for ces. The cytK gene was found in 16 strains (64%). The computer-assisted cluster analysis of Rep-PCR profiles using a clustering criterion of 80% similarity revealed four main clusters. Cluster 1 was the predominant and comprised three B. thuringiensis strains with 100% similarity, cluster 2 comprised two B. cereus strains (100% similarity), cluster 3 comprised two B. thuringiensis strains (90% similarity), and cluster 4 comprised one B. thuringiensis strain and one B. cereus strain (85% similarity). The cluster analysis of fingerprints generated by Rep-PCR revealed a high genetic diversity among the B. cereus strains, suggesting that the contamination could have originated from different sources. In our experiments, when sugar was added and the beverage was kept in thermic bottles there was a significant increase in B. cereus sensu lato levels, which may increase the risk of food poisoning. These results highlight the need for additional studies on this subject to better evaluate coffee as a food poisoning vehicle.
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Phelps, Rebecca J., i John L. McKillip. "Enterotoxin Production in Natural Isolates of Bacillaceae outside the Bacillus cereus Group". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, nr 6 (czerwiec 2002): 3147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.6.3147-3151.2002.
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ABSTRACT Thirty-nine Bacillus strains obtained from a variety of environmental and food sources were screened by PCR for the presence of five gene targets (hblC, hblD, hblA, nheA, and nheB) in two enterotoxin operons (HBL and NHE) traditionally harbored by Bacillus cereus. Seven isolates exhibited a positive signal for at least three of the five possible targets, including Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, B. cereus, Bacillus circulans, Bacillus lentimorbis, Bacillus pasteurii, and Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. PCR amplicons were confirmed by restriction enzyme digest patterns compared to a positive control strain. Enterotoxin gene expression of each strain grown in a model food system (skim milk) was monitored by gene-specific reverse transcription-PCR and confirmed with the Oxoid RPLA and Tecra BDE commercial kits. Lecithinase production was noted on egg yolk-polymyxin B agar for all strains except B. lentimorbis, whereas discontinuous beta hemolysis was exhibited by all seven isolates grown on 5% sheep blood agar plates. The results of this study confirm the presence of enterotoxin genes in natural isolates of Bacillus spp. outside the B. cereus group and the ability of these strains to produce toxins in a model food system under aerated conditions at 32°C.
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Osama, Rowayda, Marwa Ahmed, Amir Abdulmawjood i Maha Al-Ashmawy. "Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Bacillus cereus in Milk and Dairy Products". Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal 21, nr 2 (25.06.2020): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35943/mvmj.2020.2.202.
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Objective: To investigate the prevalence of Bacillus cereus in milk and dairy products along with detection of its antibiotic sensitivity. Design: Descriptive study. Samples: One hundred and fifty samples of market milk, ultra high temperature milk packs (UHT), condensed milk, Milk powder, Damietta cheese, Kariesh cheese and Ras cheese. Procedures: Samples were examined for isolation and identification of Bacillus spp. via direct and indirect isolation, molecular examination and antimicrobial resistance. Further molecular examination was carried out in 46 isolates to detect hblA, hblC, hblD, nheA, nheB and nheC genes Results: The prevalence of B. cereus by direct isolation was 52%, 13.3 %, 10%, 8%,44%, 0 % and 16% in market milk, ultra high temperature milk packs (UHT) , condensed milk , Milk powder, Damietta cheese, Kariesh cheese and Ras cheese, respectively, whereas its prevalence by indirect isolation was 64%, 20%, 20%, 48%, 52%, 40% and 36% in market milk, ultra high temperature milk packs (UHT) , condensed milk , Milk powder, Damietta cheese, Kariesh cheese and Ras cheese, respectively. B. cereus isolates were 100% resistant to colistin (CT), ampicillin (AM) and amoxicillin (AML). However, 83.01% were resistant to ampicillin-sulbactum (SAM), 67.9% resistant to streptomycin (S), 45.2% resistant to spiramycin (SP), 35.8% resistant to lincomysin (MY), 22.6% resistant to tetracyclin (TE), and 5.6% resistant to erythromycin (E). A prevalence of 58.6% for hblA, hblC and hblD was recorded, while a prevalence of 86.9%, 93.4% and 89.1% for nheA, nheB and nheC was recorded. Conclusion and clinical relevance: This study provides data on prevalence, contamination level and antibiotic sensitivity of B. cereus in milk and its products, suggesting a potential risk to health and the dairy industry.
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Oliveira, Márcia, Marta Carvalho i Paula Teixeira. "Characterization of the Toxigenic Potential of Bacillus cereus sensu lato Isolated from Raw Berries and Their Products". Foods 12, nr 21 (3.11.2023): 4021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12214021.
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Bacillus cereus is estimated to be responsible for 1.4–12% of all food poisoning outbreaks worldwide. The objective of this study was to investigate the toxigenic potential of 181 isolates of B. cereus previously recovered from different types of berries and berry products (strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, and blueberries) by assessing the presence of enterotoxin genes (hblA, hblC, hblD, nheA, nheB, nheC, and cytK) and an emetic toxin cereulide synthetase gene (ces). The cytotoxic activity on Caco-2 cells was also evaluated for the two isolates containing the gene cytK. Twenty-three toxigenic profiles were found. The nheABC (91.7%) and hblACD (89.0%) complexes were the most prevalent among the isolates, while the cytK and ces genes were detected in low percentages, 1.1% and 3.3%, respectively. In addition, the nheABC/hblACD complex and ces genes were detected in isolates recovered throughout the production process of blackberries and strawberries. The cytotoxic activity on Caco-2 cells was also observed to be greater than 60% for isolates containing the cytK gene.
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Park, Kyung Min, Hyun Jung Kim, Mooncheol Jeong i Minseon Koo. "Enterotoxin Genes, Antibiotic Susceptibility, and Biofilm Formation of Low-Temperature-Tolerant Bacillus cereus Isolated from Green Leaf Lettuce in the Cold Chain". Foods 9, nr 3 (25.02.2020): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9030249.
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The prevalence and characteristics of low-temperature-tolerant Bacillus cereus (psychrotolerant B. cereus) in green leaf lettuce collected during cold chain were investigated. Among the 101 isolated B. cereus samples, only 18 were capable of growth at 7 °C, and these isolates shared potential health hazard characteristics with mesophilic isolates. Most psychrotolerant B. cereus isolates contained various combinations of nheA, nheB, nheC, hblA, hblA, hblC, hblD, cytK, and entFM. Most isolates of psychrotolerant B. cereus possessed at least two enterotoxin genes and 28% of isolates harbored tested nine enterotoxin genes. Additionally, the psychrotolerant B. cereus isolates showed resistance to tetracycline and rifampin and intermediate levels of resistance to clindamycin. A total of 23% of isolates among psychrotolerant B. cereus displayed a high level of biofilm formation at 7 °C than at 10 °C or 30 °C. The results of this study indicate that cold distribution and storage for green leaf lettuce may fail to maintain food safety due to the presence of enterotoxigenic, antibiotic-resistant, and strong biofilm forming psychrotolerant B. cereus isolates, which therefore poses a potential health risk to the consumer. Our findings provide the first account of the prevalence and characteristics of psychrotolerant B. cereus isolated from green leaf lettuce during cold storage, suggesting a potential hazard of psychrotolerant B. cereus isolates to public health and the food industry.
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Prüß, Birgit M., Richard Dietrich, Birgit Nibler, Erwin Märtlbauer i Siegfried Scherer. "The Hemolytic Enterotoxin HBL Is Broadly Distributed among Species of the Bacillus cereusGroup". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, nr 12 (1.12.1999): 5436–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.12.5436-5442.1999.
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ABSTRACT The prevalence of the hemolytic enterotoxin complex HBL was determined in all species of the Bacillus cereus group with the exception of Bacillus anthracis. hblA, encoding the binding subunit B, was detected by PCR and Southern analysis and was confirmed by partial sequencing of 18 strains. The sequences formed two clusters, one including B. cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis strains and the other one consisting ofBacillus mycoides, Bacillus pseudomycoides, and Bacillus weihenstephanensisstrains. From eight B. thuringiensis strains, the enterotoxin gene hblA could be amplified. Seven of them also expressed the complete HBL complex as determined with specific antibodies against the L1, L2, and B components. Eleven of 16 B. mycoides strains, all 3B. pseudomyoides strains, 9 of 15 B. weihenstephanensis strains, and 10 of 23 B. cereusstrains carried hblA. While HBL was not expressed in theB. pseudomycoides strains, the molecular assays were in accordance with the immunological assays for the majority of the remaining strains. In summary, the hemolytic enterotoxin HBL seems to be broadly distributed among strains of the B. cereusgroup and relates neither to a certain species nor to a specific environment. The consequences of this finding for food safety considerations need to be evaluated.
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Khan, Mawra, Shakil Ahmed, Nasim Ahmad Yasin, Rehana Sardar, Muhammad Hussaan, Abdel-Rhman Z. Gaafar i Faish Ullah Haider. "28-Homobrassinolide Primed Seed Improved Lead Stress Tolerance in Brassica rapa L. through Modulation of Physio-Biochemical Attributes and Nutrient Uptake". Plants 12, nr 20 (11.10.2023): 3528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12203528.
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Brassinosteroids (BRs) influence a variety of physiological reactions and alleviate different biotic and abiotic stressors. Turnip seedlings were grown with the goal of further exploring and expanding their function in plants under abiotic stress, particularly under heavy metal toxicity (lead stress). This study’s objective was to ascertain the role of applied 28-homobrassinolide (HBL) in reducing lead (Pb) stress in turnip plants. Turnip seeds treated with 1, 5, and 10 µM HBL and were grown-up in Pb-contaminated soil (300 mg kg−1). Lead accumulation reduces biomass, growth attributes, and various biochemical parameters, as well as increasing proline content. Seed germination, root and shoot growth, and gas exchange characteristics were enhanced via HBL treatment. Furthermore, Pb-stressed seedlings had decreased total soluble protein concentrations, photosynthetic pigments, nutrition, and phenol content. Nonetheless, HBL increased chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b levels in plant, resulting in increased photosynthesis. As a result, seeds treated with HBL2 (5 µM L−1) had higher nutritional contents (Mg+2, Zn+2, Na+2, and K+1). HBL2-treated seedlings had higher DPPH and metal tolerance indexes. This led to the conclusion that HBL2 effectively reduced Pb toxicity and improved resistance in lead-contaminated soil.
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Msarah, Marwan, Ahmed Alsier i Sahilah, A.M. "DETECTION OF HBLD TOXIN GENE BY BACILLUS CEREUS ISOLATED FROM MEAT CURRY FOOD SAMPLES IN MALAYSIAN RESTAURANTS". Environment & Ecosystem Science 4, nr 2 (27.05.2020): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/ees.02.2020.68.72.
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Bacillus cereus is a ubiquitous foodborne pathogen, can cause food poisoning, leading to infections, have two major types of food poisoning emetic and diarrheal. Foods rich in protein such as meat are associated with foodborne outbreaks of diarrhea caused by B. cereus. The aim of this study is to isolate and identify B. cereus from ready to eat (RTE) meat curry from restaurants in Malaysia and to detect hblD pathogenic gene of B. cereus isolates. Mannitol egg yolk polymyxin agar was used as a selective isolation medium. Commercially available kits and boiling methods were used for DNA extraction, samples acquired from restaurants were examined for the presence of Hemolysin BL gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Among all isolates, twenty-four of B. cereus isolates detected for HBL enterotoxin production by the discontinuous pattern on HBL sheep blood agar then confirmed by biochemical tests. More than 58.33 % of the isolate showed discontinuous hemolysis pattern on HBl blood agar and 29.16% of the samples were shown positive for hblD gene that can cause diarrhea with the size of 807bp on gel. This study demonstrated that RTE meat curry was a potential source for entero-toxigenic B. cereus and the presence of the hblD toxin genes for the HBL complex in the isolates tested were highly associated. Therefore, these meat curry isolates should be regarded as potential toxin producers.
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Özdemir, Zeynep Canan, Adviye Çakıl Sağlık, Yeter Düzenli Kar, Pelin Köşger, Deniz Arık, Ayşe Neslihan Tekin i Özcan Bör. "A Case of Congenital Hepatoblastoma Coexisting with Pulmonary Hypertension". Archives of Iranian Medicine 23, nr 9 (1.09.2020): 621–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/aim.2020.73.
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Hepatoblastoma (HBL) is the most frequently detected malignant tumor of the liver in childhood. HBLs detected antenatally or up to 3 months after birth are considered congenital HBLs. We report a five-day-old female infant in whom a hepatic mass was detected at 20 weeks’ gestation. At birth (36 weeks), the hepatic mass measured 12x6 cm, and she had respiratory distress. Pulmonary hypertension (PHT) was detected on echocardiographic evaluation. Despite dual medical therapy, her PHT did not improve. Histologically, the biopsy demonstrated a mixed epithelial-mesenchymal HBL with predominance of fetal morphology in the epithelial component. Chemotherapy was initiated on postnatal day 15; however, the baby died of respiratory failure on postnatal day 23. Conclusion: HBL is an embryonal tumor which can develop early in the intrauterine period. Although the mechanism is not known, it may cause PHT which would affect the prognosis negatively.
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Jung, Jieun, Hyeonsuk Jin, Seungmi Seo, Myeongin Jeong, Boeun Kim, Kyoungyul Ryu i Kwangkyo Oh. "Short Communication: Enterotoxin Genes and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Bacillus cereus Isolated from Garlic Chives and Agricultural Environment". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, nr 19 (26.09.2022): 12159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912159.
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This study aims to investigate the enterotoxin profiles and antibiotic susceptibility of Bacillus cereus isolated from garlic chives and environmental samples. A total of 103 B. cereus isolates were used to identify enterotoxin genes, including hblA, hblC, hblD, nheA, nheB, and nheC. The hemolysin BL enterotoxin complex (hblACD) was detected in 38 isolates (36.9%), and the non-hemolytic enterotoxin complex (nheABC) was detected in 8 (7.8%) isolates. Forty-five isolates (43.7%) had hblACD and nheABC genes. B. cereus was resistant to β-lactam antibiotics and susceptible to non-β-lactam antibiotics. However, some B. cereus strains showed intermediate resistance to β-lactam and non-β-lactam antibiotics. B. cereus isolated from garlic chives showed intermediate resistance to cefotaxime (7.7%), rifampin (15.4%), clindamycin (30.8%), erythromycin (7.7%), and tetracycline (7.7%). B. cereus isolates from the agricultural environment were moderately resistant to cefotaxime (18.9%), rifampin (15.6%), clindamycin (12.2%), erythromycin (4.4%), and tetracycline (5.6%). Moreover, B. cereus isolates from garlic chives and cultivation environments could change their antibiotic resistance profile from susceptible to intermediate-resistant to rifampin, clindamycin, erythromycin, and tetracycline and exhibit multidrug resistance. These results indicate that continuous monitoring of B. cereus contamination in the produce and agricultural environment might be needed to ensure the safety of consuming fresh vegetables.
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Wang, Ping, Xiaomei Zhao, Tianming Qu, Lijiao Liang, Qinglong Ji i Ying Chen. "Insight into Bacillus cereus Associated with Infant Foods in Beijing". Foods 11, nr 5 (28.02.2022): 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11050719.
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This study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence gene profiles of Bacillus cereus in different brands of infant formula in Beijing supermarkets. Eighty-eight Bacillus cereus isolates were recovered in sixty-eight infant formulas of five domestic brands and fourteen imported brands. The prevalence rate in domestic and imported samples were 70.6% and 52.9%, respectively. Lower mean prevalence level was found in domestic samples (1.17 MPN/g) compared with the imported samples (3.52 MPN/g). Twenty-four virulence gene profiles were found, and most strains carried at least one virulence gene. The prevalence of nheA, nheB, nheC, cytK, bceT, and entFM in domestic and imported brand samples was similar. The occurrence of enterotoxin genes hblA, hblC, and hblD in domestic samples were 22.2%, 27.8%, and 22.2%, respectively, which was significantly higher than imported samples. Antimicrobial drugs-susceptibility analysis showed that all isolates were susceptible to gentamincin, amikacin, and ciprofloxacin; 38%, 7%, and 2.3% were resistant to rifampin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol, respectively; and only one isolate was resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Moreover, the cell numbers of Bacillus cereus in prepared infant formula increased rapidly at room temperature. Thus, monitoring guidelines are needed for accepted levels of Bacillus cereus in infant formula.
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Jung, Bongmin, Soo Yeon Kim, Woo Jin Choe i So Dug Lim. "Possible Delayed Recurrence of Sporadic Spinal Hemangioblastoma after Complete Surgical Resection: A Case Report". Nerve 7, nr 2 (31.10.2021): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21129/nerve.2021.7.2.121.
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Spinal cord hemangioblastoma (HBL) is a highly vascularized tumor that occurs sporadically or in relation to von Hippel-Lindau disease. Sporadic-type HBLs in the spinal cord usually present as single lesions that are potentially curable by complete surgical resection, with a low rate of recurrence. We report a case of a totally excised sporadic-type spinal cord HBL with multiple recurrences observed 10 years after surgery. Long-term follow-up may be necessary for spinal cord HBL, even in cases of complete resection.
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Zaugg, Holt, Vera Terekhova (Nan) i Brian Rennick. "Evaluation of an Academic Library’s Liquid Designed Website". Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 10, nr 4 (13.12.2015): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b81s4h.
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Abstract
Objective – When the Harold B. Lee Library (HBLL) at Brigham Young University released a new website with same-look capabilities for computers, tablets, and smartphones, we undertook a summative assessment to review website features and to determine baseline measures of website access via device and patron group.
Methods – The study used a mixed methods approach using three levels of assessment (focus groups, an online survey, and a usability test), with each level informing the subsequent level.
Results – The website changes were well-received by the overwhelming majority of patrons. Device usage was associated with the type of task for which patrons were accessing the website. Computers were used primarily for research-related tasks (e.g., accessing journals, databases, and the main search bar). Smartphones were used primarily for on-the-go tasks (e.g., accessing personal accounts, finding library hours, and reserving group study rooms). Tablets fell between these two. Several website services were identified as being underused. Study results were moderated by time of release (i.e., only half of survey participants had viewed the new website) and access to device (i.e., many patrons did not have access to a tablet or a smartphone).
Conclusions – The summative assessment of the HBLL’s new website was well-received and viewed as a positive change. While most patrons were initially unaware of the same-look feature across devices, this was considered to be a positive change. As devices become more accessible for patrons, it is believed that website access by device will change. A follow-up study is planned to assess any changes in use patterns or use of access devices.
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Zong, Junyu, Ziyu Wang, Kaili Wang, Qinghao Meng, Qichao Tian, Xiaodong Qiu, Xuedong Xie i in. "Band structures of molecular beam epitaxially grown MoSe2–WSe2 heterobilayers with different stacking orders on SrTiO3(111) substrate". Applied Physics Letters 121, nr 11 (12.09.2022): 113103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0102229.
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Using SrTiO3(111) as a substrate, we grew WSe2/MoSe2 and MoSe2/WSe2 heterobilayers (HBLs) by molecular beam epitaxy. The in situ scanning-tunneling microscopic measurements revealed that different stacking orders on SrTiO3(111) can result in different interlayer distances dMo–W with dMo–W = 0.77 nm in WSe2/MoSe2/SrTiO3(111) and dMo–W = 0.66 nm in MoSe2/WSe2/SrTiO3(111) separately. A combined study of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopic measurements and first-principles calculations further demonstrates that the interlayer distance can essentially affect the band structures of MoSe2–WSe2 HBLs. Our work shows that MoSe2/WSe2 and WSe2/MoSe2 HBLs on SrTiO3(111) substrate would be a platform for studying the properties of transition metal dichalcogenides HBLs, and the modulation of interlayer distance by changing the stacking order of a HBL on a substrate would be a freedom to engineer the electronic structures.
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Alshamrani, Ibtesam, Ahmed M. Al-Hejin, Turki M. Dawoud i Ihap Moussa. "Detection of Virulence Genes in Some of Bacillus sp Isolated from Camel Urine Using PCR Analysis". Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences 11, nr 03 (4.03.2023): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sajb.2023.v11i03.001.
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Bacillus is a genus that contains both environmental and pathogenic species that can cause food poisoning in humans as a result of consuming foods containing toxins or bacteria. In this study, the 16S rRNA gene of the bacteria was sequenced to identify bacteria that were isolated from camel urine. Detected the Bacillus enterotoxins that encoding by three virulence genes; nonhemolytic enterotoxin (NHE) gene, cytotoxin K (CytK) gene and hemolytic enterotoxin (HBL) gene hblD. Bacillus sp isolates were examined for detection Bacillus enterotoxins (NheA,hblD, and CytK ) by PCR. NheA gene was detected in two of 78 examined samples 2.5% while, cytK gene was detected in 1.2 % of the examined samples. On the other hand, hblD gene failed to be detected.
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PARK, KYUNG MIN, MOONCHEOL JEONG, KEE JAI PARK i MINSEON KOO. "Prevalence, Enterotoxin Genes, and Antibiotic Resistance of Bacillus cereus Isolated from Raw Vegetables in Korea". Journal of Food Protection 81, nr 10 (31.08.2018): 1590–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-205.
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ABSTRACT Bacillus cereus has long been recognized as an important pathogen in foodborne poisoning worldwide. Fresh vegetables are often contaminated with enterotoxigenic B. cereus and have been implicated as a vehicle for the transmission of this bacterium. This study reports on the occurrence, virulence gene profile, and antibiotic resistance of B. cereus in fresh vegetables. Of 102 examined samples, 48 (47%) of the samples were contaminated with B. cereus (>1 log CFU/g) and 7 (6.8%) of the samples showed more than 3 log CFU/g. In total, 118 B. cereus isolates were examined for the virulence genes nheA, nheB, nheC, hblA, hblC, hblD, cytK, and entFM and for resistance to antibiotics. Of these B. cereus isolates, 70% harbored nheA, nheB, nheC, and cytK. Eighteen (80%) of 21 isolates from bell peppers possessed eight enterotoxin genes. B. cereus isolates were susceptible to imipenem, vancomycin, gentamicin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and chloramphenicol, whereas 22.4% of isolates from garlic chives, 48.7% from perilla leaf, and 40.5% from romaine lettuce showed antibiotic resistance to rifampin and 6% of isolates from garlic chives exhibited resistance to tetracycline. Three isolates from garlic chives were resistant to both tetracycline and rifampin. Raw vegetables were revealed to be major sources of B. cereus containing multiple toxin genes and exhibiting antibiotic resistance. Therefore, the potential health risks of consuming these vegetables raw or undercooked should not be underestimated. This study provides basic information for monitoring the antibiotic resistance and toxigenicity of B. cereus in the food chain during vegetable distribution and for developing food safety management to reduce the contamination with and transmission of B. cereus.
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Nakanishi, Mikio, i Hiroshi Niino. "Large-Eddy Simulation of Roll Vortices in a Hurricane Boundary Layer". Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 69, nr 12 (1.12.2012): 3558–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-11-0237.1.
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Abstract For the last decade, horizontal roll vortices have been often observed in hurricane boundary layers (HBLs). In this study, a large-eddy simulation is performed to explore the formation mechanism of the horizontal roll vortices and their significance in a near-neutrally stratified HBL at 40 km (R40) and 100 km (R100) from the center of the hurricane. Results are examined through turbulence statistics and empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis. The EOF analysis and budgets of turbulent kinetic energy demonstrate that an inflection-point instability in the radial velocity profile is responsible for the roll vortices with horizontal wavelengths of 1.5–2.4 km in the HBL both for R40 and R100. The roll vortices for R40 are nearly aligned with the gradient wind, while those for R100 are oriented slightly to the left of that wind. Also the horizontal distributions of velocity fluctuations suggest the presence of streaklike structures at horizontal intervals of several hundred meters near the ground surface. Internal gravity waves, Kelvin–Helmholtz waves, and entrainments occur above the HBL and are partly coupled with the roll vortices in the HBL, implying an enhancement of vertical transports of momentum and other quantities between the HBL and the free atmosphere.
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Fabi, François, Ève Chamberland, Myreille D’Astous, Karine Michaud, Martin Côté i Isabelle Thibault. "Radiosurgically Treated Recurrent Cerebellar Hemangioblastoma: A Case Report and Literature Review". Current Oncology 31, nr 7 (9.07.2024): 3968–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31070293.
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Background: Cystic, sporadic hemangioblastomas (HBLs) represent a unique, therapeutically challenging subset of central nervous system tumors, mainly due to their unpredictable growth patterns and potential for symptomatic progression. This study aims to explore the complexities surrounding the diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management of these lesions. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was performed, and a detailed case study of a 56-year-old patient with a cystic, sporadic cerebellar HBL was produced. Results: The case highlights the multiphasic growth pattern typical of cystic, sporadic HBLs, characterized by periods of dormancy and subsequent rapid expansion. An initial surgical intervention offered temporary control. Tumor recurrence, mainly through cystic enlargement, was treated by SRS. A subsequent recurrence, again caused by cystic growth, eventually led to the patient’s death. The intricacies of treatment modalities, focusing on the transition from surgical resection to stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) upon recurrence, are discussed. Parameters indicating impending tumor growth, coupled with symptomatic advances, are also explored. Conclusions: The management of cystic, sporadic cerebellar HBLs requires a strategic approach that can be informed by radiological characteristics and tumoral behavior. This study underscores the importance of a proactive, individualized management plan and suggests guidelines that could inform clinical decision making.
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Kumar, T. D. Kalyan, K. Balakrishna, H. S. Murali i H. V. Batra. "Construction of a recombinant intergenus multidomain chimeric protein for simultaneous expression of haemolysin BL of Bacillus cereus, listeriolysin O of Listeria monocytogenes and enterotoxin B of Staphylococcus aureus". Journal of Medical Microbiology 58, nr 5 (1.05.2009): 577–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.007658-0.
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Haemolysin BL (HBL) of Bacillus cereus, listeriolysin O (LLO) of Listeria monocytogenes and enterotoxin B (SEB) of Staphylococcus aureus are among the major toxin components contributing to the pathogenicity of these organisms in foodborne illnesses. In this study, an intergenus non-toxic multidomain fusion protein (r-HLE) was generated with specificity for HBL, LLO and SEB. The fusion gene (r-hle) comprising the conserved regions of hblD and the hly and entB genes was codon-optimized for expression in Escherichia coli and encoded a 50 kDa recombinant multidomain chimeric protein (r-HLE). Hyperimmune antiserum raised against r-HLE specifically reacted with the L1 (38 kDa) component of the HBL complex of B. cereus, LLO (58 kDa) of L. monocytogenes and SEB (28 kDa) of S. aureus during Western blot analysis when tested on standard strains. During testing on isolates, the antiserum again identified the appropriate toxin molecules and was highly specific to the relevant bacterial species. The antigenicity of the SEB component of the r-HLE protein was also confirmed using a commercially available TECRA kit. The described procedure of creating a single antigenic molecule carrying components of three different toxins whilst still retaining the original antigenic determinants of individual toxins will be highly advantageous in the development of rapid, reliable and cost-effective immunoassays.
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Torki Baghbadorani, Sahar, Ebrahim Rahimi i Amir Shakerian. "Investigation of Virulence and Antibiotic-Resistance of Bacillus cereus Isolated from Various Spices". Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 2023 (9.05.2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/8390778.
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Spices and herbs are potential vectors for virulent and pathogenic micro-organisms, which cause illness in consumers, contribute to spoilage, and reduce the durability of foodstuffs. The present study aims to provide relevant data about virulence and antibiotic resistance of Bacillus cereus isolated from various spices. A total of 200 samples of 8 types of spices (black pepper, chilli, white pepper, cumin, cinnamon, turmeric, curry powder, and sumac) were collected from various markets, retail shops, and sucuk production premises located in the Isfahan province of Iran. Presumptive B. cereus strains were obtained using Bacara Agar plates after enrichment in saline peptone water and final colonies were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Enterotoxin (HBL) and nonhaemolytic enterotoxin (NHE) production were assessed using the Duopath® Cereus Enterotoxins Test kit. The Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method was applied as antibiotics susceptibility test. PCR was used to detect Emetic toxin gene (CES and CER) and enterotoxigenic toxin gene (cytK, nheA, hblC, and entFM). Results show a significant prevalence of B. cereus (42%) in spices. However, the spices meet food safety recommendations (<104 cfu/g). Antibiotics susceptibility test show alarming rate of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics specially ampicillin (83.33%) and penicillin (82.14%). Concerning the toxin producing capacity more than half of the isolates (51.19%) produce NHE toxin and 27.38% produce HBL toxin. The most abundant gene were nheA, nheB, and nheC and a combination of 4 genes (entFM, nheA, hblC, and cytK) was detected in many isolates. In conclusion, the presence of multidrug resistant B. cereus strains carrying diarrhoeal toxin-encoding genes in spices intended for human consumption represents a serious health hazard. These results indicate the need for regular surveillance of the occurrence of B. cereus strains in spices and food products in Iran.
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Sanchez, David, Berrie Giebels i Pascal Fortin. "The challenging SED of AP Librae". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 7, S284 (wrzesień 2011): 411–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921312009532.
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AbstractMatching the broad-band emission of active galaxies with the predictions of theoretical models can be used to derive constraints on the properties of the emitting region and to probe the physical processes involved. AP Librae is the third low frequency peaked BL Lac (LBL) detected at very high energy (VHE, E>100GeV) by an Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope; most VHE BL Lacs (34 out of 39) belong to the high-frequency and intermediate-frequency BL Lac classes (HBL and IBL). LBL objects tend to have a higher luminosity with lower peak frequencies than HBLs or IBLs. The characterization of their time-averaged spectral energy distribution is challenging for emission models such as synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) models.
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Kyei-Poku, George, Debbie Gauthier, A. Pang i K. van Frankenhuyzen. "Detection ofBacillus cereusvirulence factors in commercial products ofBacillus thuringiensisand expression of diarrheal enterotoxins in a target insect". Canadian Journal of Microbiology 53, nr 12 (grudzień 2007): 1283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w07-106.
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We examined isolates from 4 commercial bioinsecticides based on different strains of Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies ( kurstaki , israelensis , aizawai , and tenebrionis ) for the presence of genes encoding proteins with known enterotoxigenicity (nhe, hbl, cytk, ces) and various other putative virulence genes (piplc, sph, bceT, entFM, entS, entT). The piplc and bceT sequences were present in all the isolates; sph was found in aizawai and israelensis; entFM only in israelensis; and entS in kurstaki, israelensis, and tenebrionis. Our results corroborate previous findings that isolates used in commercial products contain all nhe and hbl component genes but not the ces gene. We ascertained that the cytK gene present in the kurstaki-, israelensis-, and aizawai-based products belongs to the cytK-2 type and not the more toxigenic cytK-1 variant originally isolated from enterotoxic Bacillus cereus. We provide the first evidence that hemolytic (hblA) and nonhemolytic (nheA, nheB, nheC) enterotoxin genes are expressed during septicemia in a target insect. This opens the door for their possible participation in pathogenesis in target insects. If enterotoxins do not contribute to bacterial pathogenesis in target insects, their genes could be deleted from commercial production strains to pre-empt perceptions of public health risks.
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Yu, Po-Chieh, i Chorng-Yuan Hwang. "IONIZATION MECHANISMS OF HBLR AND NON-HBLR SEYFERT 2 GALAXIES". Astronomical Journal 142, nr 1 (2.06.2011): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-6256/142/1/14.
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Paoluzzi, L., L. Scotto, V. E. Seshan i O. A. O'Connor. "Evaluation of the potential of histone deacetylase inhibitors to synergize the antineoplastic effects of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL)". Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, nr 15_suppl (20.05.2009): 8584. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.8584.
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8584 Background: Romidepsin (R) and belinostat (B) are inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACI). HDACIs are known to induce cell death in malignant cells through multiple mechanisms, including up-regulation of death receptors, disruption of Hsp90 function and generation of reactive oxygen species. Mantle cell lymphoma is an aggressive subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by the reciprocal translocation t(11;14)(q13;q32) leading to the overexpression of cyclin D1. Methods: We investigated the cytotoxicity of romidepsin and belinostat alone and in combination with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in cell lines of mantle cell lymphoma (HBL2, Granta519, Jeko1). Cell Titer-Glo assay followed by luminometric acquisition was used for all cytotoxicity assays. Drug:drug interactions in terms of synergism, additivity or antagonism were computed using the Relative Risk Ratio Analysis (RRR, GraphPad software) with a RRR < 1 defining synergism, RRR=1 additivity and RRR>1 antagonism. Results: The IC50 values for R and B alone at 24 hours were: HBL-2: R=4.7nM, B=490nM; Jeko-1: R=3nM, B=750nM; Granta519: R=45nM, B=30,700nM. As single agent, romidepsin was about 100 fold more potent than belinostat. The combination of belinostat (100–1000nM) or romidepsin (1–40nM) with bortezomib (3–4nM) showed synergism in all cell lines at different concentrations. For romidepsin plus bortezomib, RRR in Granta519=0.05–0.14, RRR in Jeko1=0.1–0.75, RRR in HBL2=0.03–0.81. For belinostat plus bortezomib, RRR in Granta519= 0.07–0.38, RRR in Jeko1=0.16–0.49, RRR in HBL2=0.04–0.69. Flowcytometry for apoptosis, cell cycle analysis and mitochondrial membrane potential as well as immunoblottings for hystone H3 acetylation, cyclin D1, Bcl-XL, Mcl-1, BIM and IKB-α suggest this strategy may modulate cyclin D1 and p27 in MCL which is known to be grossly deregulated for these proteins. Conclusions: In this analysis, while romidepsin had improved single agent activity, when combined with bortezomib both HDACI showed potent synergism. [Table: see text]
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Hernández, Andrea Guadalupe Celestino, Vannessa Gómez Ortiz, Jackeline Lizzeta Arvizu Gómez, Miguel Ángel Ramos López, José Alberto Rodríguez Morales, Antonio Flores Macías, Erika Álvarez Hidalgo i in. "Detection of Bacillus cereus sensu lato Isolates Posing Potential Health Risks in Mexican Chili Powder". Microorganisms 9, nr 11 (26.10.2021): 2226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9112226.
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The potential presence of spore-forming bacteria related to the Bacillus cereus group in Mexican chili powder elaborated from Capsicum annuum L. is of commercial and clinical interest, because chili powder is an essential spice in the Mexican diet and in diets around the globe. To facilitate detection and isolation of members of this group of spore-forming bacteria from Mexican chili powder samples, we identified colonies that grew on agar medium selective for Bacillus cereus sensu lato, supplemented with polymyxin B (10 µg/mL) and ampicillin (10 to 100 µg/mL). The presumptive B. cereus (s.l.) isolates were tested using a tRNACys-PCR-based approach and the results identified species related phylogenetically to B. cereus, B. thuringiensis, and B. toyonensis. Their toxigenic potential was assessed by serological tests to detect enterotoxins (Nhe and Hbl) and by PCR targeting the hemolysin BL (hbl) component C (hblC) and non-hemolytic enterotoxin component A (nheA). The antibiotic profiles of the isolates showed a high resistance to β-lactams (100% of the isolates), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (100%), tetracycline (90%), erythromycin (77%), clindamycin (74%), and chloramphenicol (42%). Our results indicate the presence of B. cereus s.l. with toxigenic characteristics in Mexican chili powder. Because of the potential for these organisms to cause disease through their production of various toxins, and resistance to antibiotics, we recommend that a microbiological risk assessment must be considered in the Mexican regulatory requirements.
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Perez Galan, Patricia, Helena Mora Jensen, Marc A. Weniger, Colby M. Chapman, Poching Liu, Nalini Raghavachari, Arthur L. Shaffer, Louis M. Staudt i Adrian Wiestner. "Bortezomib Resistance in Mantle Cell Lymphoma Is Associated with Expression of a Plasmacytoid Differentiation Program." Blood 114, nr 22 (20.11.2009): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.287.287.
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Abstract Abstract 287 Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a lymphoproliferative disorder of mature B-cells with an aggressive course and short survival. The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (BZM) induces clinical responses in up to 50% of patients. Conversely, in half of the cases the lymphoma cells are intrinsically resistant or rapidly develop resistance to BZM. To investigate the mechanisms of BZM resistance, we generated HBL2 and JEKO bortezomib resistant (HBL2-BR, JEKO-BR) derivative lines by continuous culture in sub-lethal concentrations of BZM. After several months, clones of HBL2-BR and JEKO-BR were obtained showing BZM IC50 at 48h of 41.6 and 44.6 nM, compared to 6 and 4.9 nM for the respective parental lines. Acquired resistance to BZM remained stable over months but gradually decreased with extended passages in the absence of BZM, suggesting adaptive changes rather than a single gene mutation as the basis of BZM resistance. BR cells exhibited higher proteasome activity, which was dose-dependently inhibited by higher concentrations of BZM. However, BR cells were able to survive with lower proteasome activity than the parental cells, indicating that BR cells had acquired additional changes. To investigate these changes, we use gene expression profiling (GEP) on Affymetrix U133A plus 2 arrays to compared HBL2-BR (in triplicate) and JEKO-BR (in duplicate) subclones to the corresponding parental lines. Unexpectedly, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) of microarray data revealed reduced expression of the mature B-cell gene signature (including genes for CD19, BLNK, SPIB, SYK) and increased expression of plasma cell differentiation signatures (including genes for CD38, IRF4, BLIMP, CD138) in both HBL-2 BR and JEKO-BR. BR lines also expressed higher protein levels of the master plasma cell regulators BLIMP and IRF4, but did not show enhanced expression of the secretory program controlled by XBP1. Flow cytometry analysis confirmed that BR cells had dramatically reduced expression of B-cell surface markers, including CD19, CD24 and CD52, and expressed plasma cell markers, such as CD38 and CD138. Consistent with a partial plasmacytoid phenotype, BR cells tended to be somewhat larger and more granular than parental cells. Loss of BZM resistance over months of culture in the absence of BZM was paralleled by the recovery of CD19 and CD24 expression and down-regulation of CD38, supporting a mechanistic link between the acquisition of a plasmacytoid phenotype and BZM resistance. We have previously shown that the MCL cell lines Mino and REC-1 are less sensitive to BZM than HBL-2, JEKO and most other MCL cell lines. Here we found that these constitutively resistant cells also showed plasmacytoid features including CD38 and CD138 surface expression, increased granularity and size, and an enlarged endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Combined these changes may enhance the ability of the cells to deal with an increased protein load due to bortezomib inhibition. In addition, we also observed higher expression of IRF4 and its target genes in the constitutively resistant cells, as well as higher IRF4 and CD38 expression in primary tumor cells of patients with poor response to BZM. Given the important role of IRF4 as a survival factor in multiple myeloma, we tested whether BZM treatment could decrease IRF4 expression in MCL cells. Indeed, within 24 hours BZM dose-dependently decreased IRF4 expression and the degree of downregulation of IRF4 correlated with the induction of apoptosis. Knockdown of IRF4 expression by shRNA has been shown to be toxic to myeloma cells (Shaffer et al, Nature 2008). Surprisingly, we found a similar toxic effect of IRF4 knockdown using the same inducible shRNA system in the MCL cell lines HBL2, JEKO and REC, which was more prominent in the latter BZM resistant cell line. These results identify loss of IRF4 expression as an additional mechanism by which BZM may induce cell death. However, overexpression of IRF4 in MCL cells is not sufficient to induce bortezomib resistance, indicating that several components of the plasma cell program cooperate to protect cells from BZM induced apoptosis. Furthermore, we have identified markers of BZM resistance that may be clinically relevant predictors of outcome. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Tripathy, Debabrata, Ravi Upadhyay, Chongtham Sovachandra Singh, Nabamita Boruah, Nripendranath Mandal i Anupam Chatterjee. "Mitigation of X-ray induced DNA damages and expression of DNA-repair genes by antioxidative Potentilla fulgens root extract and its ethyl-acetate fraction in mammalian cells". Mutagenesis 36, nr 2 (1.03.2021): 165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mutage/geab009.
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Abstract Potentilla fulgens is a medicinal plant in North-East India whose root is reported to have anti-diabetic, anticarcinogenic and antioxidant properties. The potential of hydro-alcoholic extract of P. fulgens root (PRE) for providing protection to mammalian cells exposed to ionising radiation was investigated in this study. The methanolic extract of PRE shows an enhanced radical scavenging ability in a concentration dependent manner. PRE-pre-treatment to stimulated human blood lymphocytes (HBLs) reduced the frequency of deletion and exchange aberrations induced by X-irradiation. Similar protection of chromosome aberrations was also observed in mouse bone marrow cells (BMCs) where mice were given PRE extract (1 mg extract/day/mice) ad libitum in the drinking water for 45 days before whole-body X-irradiation. Of the various extracts prepared by partitioning of the methanol extract, the ethyl-acetate (EA) fraction was found to possess better antioxidant, radical scavenging and DNA-damage reduction activities. PRE-pre-treatment also reduced the radiation-induced cell-cycle delay effectively in HBL. In HEK-293 cells, PRE reduced radiation-induced G2-block in cell kinetics. Interestingly, PRE-treatment alone increased the concentration of endogenous glutathione (GSH) in mouse BMC and in stimulated HBL along with the elevated expression of γ-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase heavy/catalytic subunit, a key determinant of GSH synthesis. Studies on expression of two DNA-repair genes revealed that there was a marked increase in the expression of GADD45 and H2AX genes after X-irradiation in stimulated HBL, and such expression was reduced significantly if PRE-treatment was given prior to radiation. The present findings show the ability of PRE to reduce radiation-induced DNA damages probably by free radical scavenging whereas modulation of expression of DNA-repair genes’ and endogenous GSH-increment emerge as effective strategies. The present study is the first report on the selected medicinal plant species that suggests it to be a potential natural radioprotector when used as root extract or its EA fraction for mitigating radiation toxicity.
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Mahdi, Jassem G., Eamon J. Mahdi, Amal Al-Hazzaa i Chris J. Pepper. "The Effect of Hydroxybenzoate Lithium Complexes in Inducing Apoptosis in HT-1080 Human Fibrosarcoma Cells". Journal of Cancer Research 2013 (22.08.2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/203659.
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There has been a growing interest in the beneficial effects of simple phenolic acids and their ability to exhibit various biological activities. The aim of this study was to assess in vitro biological activities of 2-, 3-, and 4-hydroxybenzoate lithium (HBLi) complexes on HT-1080 human fibrosarcoma cells by methods of using a metabolic activity assay, immunochemical and morphological techniques. Results showed that HBLi complexes exert their cytotoxic activities in a concentration- and chemical structure-dependent manner in the following order: 4-HBLi > 3-HBLi > 2-HBLi. Flow cytometry displayed evidence of apoptosis induced by 3-HBLi (21.8%) and 4-HBLi (33.2%). These results were verified by SEM, which revealed the formation of apoptotic bodies. In addition, these 3-HBLi and 4-HBLi caused an increase in HT-1080 cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase when compared to the controls (25% and 30.6%, resp.) when cells were treated with 6 mM for 24 hours. Immunochemical studies related to the molecular mechanism of apoptosis indicated that HBLi complexes downregulated the expression of Bcl-2 and upregulated Bax, p53, and caspases-3 in a concentration-dependent manner. HBLi complexes lowered Bcl-2/Bax ratios and induced the expression of p53 and caspase-3. These results suggest that HBLi complexes may exert their apoptotic effects through mitochondrial-mediated, caspase-dependent, apoptotic mechanisms.
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Spinoglio, Luigi, Juan Antonio Fernández-Ontiveros i Matthew A. Malkan. "The Spectral Energy Distributions and Bolometric Luminosities of Local AGN: Study of the Complete 12 μm AGN Sample". Astrophysical Journal 964, nr 2 (21.03.2024): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad23e4.
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Abstract We measure the bolometric luminosity of a complete and unbiased 12 μm-selected sample of active galactic nuclei (AGN) in the local Universe. For each galaxy, we used a 10-band radio-to-X-ray spectral energy distribution (SED) to isolate the genuine AGN continuum in each band, including subarcsecond measurements where available, and correcting those contaminated by the host galaxy. We derive the median SED of Seyfert type 1 AGN, Seyferts with hidden broad lines (HBLs), Seyferts of type 2, and LINER nuclei in our sample. The median Seyfert 1 SED shows the characteristic blue bump feature in the UV, but nevertheless, the largest contribution to the bolometric luminosity comes from the IR and X-ray continua. The median SEDs of both HBL and type 2 AGN are affected by starlight contamination in the optical/UV. The median SED of HBL AGN is consistent with that of Seyfert 1s, when an extinction of A V ∼ 1.2 mag is applied. The comprehensive SEDs allowed us to measure accurate bolometric luminosities and derive robust bolometric corrections for the different tracers. The 12 μm and K-band nuclear luminosities have good linear correlations with the bolometric luminosity, similar to those in the X-rays. We derive bolometric corrections for either continuum bands (K band, 12 μm, 2–10 keV, and 14–195 keV) or narrow emission lines (mid-IR high-ionization lines of [O iv] and [Ne v] and optical [O iii] 5007 Å) as well as for combinations of IR continuum and line emission. A combination of continuum plus line emission accurately predicts the bolometric luminosity up to quasar luminosities (∼1046 erg s−1).
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Khan, Zaheeda, Yahya E. Choonara, Pradeep Kumar, Lisa C. du Toit, Valence M. K. Ndesendo i Viness Pillay. "A Novel Multilayered Multidisk Oral Tablet for Chronotherapeutic Drug Delivery". BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/569470.
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A Multilayered Multidisk Tablet (MLMDT) comprising two drug-loaded disks enveloped by three drug-free barrier layers was developed for use in chronotherapeutic disorders, employing two model drugs, theophylline and diltiazem HCl. The MLMDT was designed to achieve two pulses of drug release separated by a lag phase. The polymer disk comprised hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) and ethylcellulose (EC) granulated using an aqueous dispersion of EC. The polymeric barrier layers constituted a combination of pectin/Avicel (PBL) (1st barrier layer) and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) (HBL1 and HBL2) as the 2nd and 3rd barrier layers, respectively. Sodium bicarbonate was incorporated into the diltiazem-containing formulation for delayed drug release. Erosion and swelling studies confirmed the manner in which the drug was released with theophylline formulations exhibiting a maximum swelling of 97% and diltiazem containing formulations with a maximum swelling of 119%. FTIR spectra displayed no interactions between drugs and polymers. Molecular mechanics simulations were undertaken to predict the possible orientation of the polymer morphologies most likely affecting the MLMDT performance. The MLMDT provided two pulses of drug release, separated by a lag phase, and additionally it displayed desirable friability, hardness, and uniformity of mass indicating a stable formulation that may be a desirable candidate for chronotherapeutic drug delivery.
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Zhang, Yixian, Dong Wang, Ying Xu, Li Wen, Jian Dong i Liming Wang. "Enhancement of the Surface Hydrophilicity of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Using Hyperbranched Polylysine with Polydopamine". Coatings 14, nr 1 (12.01.2024): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings14010103.
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In recent years, the application of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) material has significantly expanded within the realm of biomedical materials. However, the hydrophobicity of PVC has been found to cause many adverse reactions in patients within the biomedical field. It is imperative to urgently discover viable approaches for enhancing the hydrophilicity of PVC in order to ensure its safety in biomedical applications. In this study, the surface of PVC films was modified with a combination of hyperbranched polylysine (HBPL) and polydopamine (pDA) through either simultaneous deposition with polydopamine (PVC-pDA/HBPL) or successive deposition of pDA and HBPL (PVC-pDA-HBPL), aiming to investigate the influence of this modification method on surface hydrophilicity enhancement. The surface coatings were characterized using gravimetry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and water contact angle measurements. The results demonstrated that the incorporation of HBPL led to a significant enhancement in both the deposition amount and stability of pDA, particularly when the mass ratio of DA/HBPL was approximately 1:1. Simultaneously, the morphology of the films exhibited an increase in roughness, while surface hydrophilicity was significantly enhanced upon incorporating pDA and HBPL, and the water contact angle was decreased to 43.2°. Moreover, the detachment of PVC-pDA/HBPL and PVC-pDA-HBPL after exposure to 1.0 M NaOH solutions was considerably lower compared to that of PVC-pDA alone, indicating improved stability under strongly basic conditions. Notably, these enhancements were more pronounced for PVC-pDA/HBPL than for PVC-pDA-HBPL, indicating that HBPL may act as a cross-linker during pDA deposition primarily through intermolecular Schiff base reactions, hydrogen bonding, or Michael addition. This work represents a pioneering effort in integrating HBPL and dopamine for hydrophilic modification of PVC materials, thereby expanding the potential applications of PVC materials. Additionally, we provide novel insights into constructing a hydrophilic surface based on bionic principles and expanding the potential applications of HBPL and pDA.
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Zhao, X. Z., H. Y. Yang, Y. G. Zheng i S. J. Kang. "The Energy Budget in the Jet of High-frequency Peaked BL Lacertae Objects". Astrophysical Journal 967, nr 2 (22.05.2024): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad3ba9.
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Abstract Energy equipartition and the energy budget in the jet are important issues for the radiation mechanism of blazars. Early work predominantly concentrated on flat-spectrum radio quasars and a limited number of BL Lacertae (BL Lac) objects. In this paper, we compile 348 high-frequency peaked BL Lac objects (HBLs) based on the catalog of active galactic nuclei (4LAC-DR3) from Fermi-LAT, and employ JetSet to fit the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of these HBLs in the framework of the one-zone lepton model. We aim to determine whether the energy budget is reasonable and whether energy equipartition is satisfied in HBLs. The results of the statistical analysis suggest that: (1) SEDs of HBLs can be reproduced well by using the one-zone lepton model; however, it cannot achieve energy equalization, and the relativistic electron energy density is far greater than the magnetic field energy density, U e ≳ 100U B ; (2) the majority of HBLs are located in the t cool < t dyn region (where the horizontal coordinate represents the jet power of electrons, while the ordinate indicates the ratio of the dynamic timescale to the cooling timescale), and the jet kinetic power of HBLs is greater than the jet power of radiation; there is a very low radiation efficiency, we deduce that HBLs may have optically thin advection-dominated accretion flows; (3) log ϵ B of HBLs is less than zero, which indicates that the jet kinetic power of HBLs is not affected by Poynting flux; (4) the relationships U e > U Syn ∼ U B , L e ∼ L p > L B ∼ L rad, and log ϵ e > 0.5 are established. These relations indicate that most of the energy of HBLs is stored in the population of low-energy electrons.
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Duncan, Michael J., Lucas Guimaraes-Ferreira, Jason Tallis, Irineu Loturco, Anthony Weldon i Rohit K. Thapa. "Determining and comparing the optimum power loads in hexagonal and straight bar deadlifts in novice strength-trained males". Biomedical Human Kinetics 15, nr 1 (1.01.2023): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bhk-2023-0027.
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Abstract Study aim: This study aimed to determine and compare the ‘optimum power load’ in the hexagonal (HBDL) and straight (SBDL) bar deadlift exercises. Material and methods: Fifteen novice strength-trained males performed three repetitions of the HBDL and SBDL at loads from 20–90% of their one-repetition maximum (1RM). Peak power, average power, peak velocity, and average velocity were determined from each repetition using a velocity-based linear position transducer. Results: Repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant effect of load for HBDL and SBDL (all p < 0.001). Post-hoc analyses revealed peak power outputs for HBDL were similar across 50–90% 1RM, with the highest peak power recorded at 80% 1RM (1053 W). The peak power outputs for SBDL were similar across 40–90% 1RM, with the highest peak power recorded at 90% 1RM (843 W). A paired sample t-test revealed that HBDL showed greater peak power at 60% (Hedges’ g effect size g = 0.53), average power at 50–70%, (g = 0.56–0.74), and average velocity at 50% of 1RM (g = 0.53). However, SBDL showed greater peak velocity at 20% (g = 0.52) and average velocity at 90% of 1RM (g = 0.44). Conclusion: Practitioners can use these determined loads to target peak power and peak velocity outputs for the HBDL and SBDL exercises (e.g., 50–90% 1RM in HBDL). The HBDL may offer additional advantages resulting in greater peak power and average power outputs than the SBDL.
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Nakahashi, Hirotaka, Masamitsu Karasawa, Yoko Hashimoto, Hiroyuki Irisawa, Akihiko Yokohama, Takayuki Saitoh, Hiroshi Handa i in. "HLA-DRB1 Analysis in Hairy B-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorder (HBLD): A Japanese Type of Benign Persistent Polyclonal B-Cell Lymphocytosis." Blood 108, nr 11 (16.11.2006): 4417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.4417.4417.
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Abstract Two types of benign persistent polyclonal B-cell Lymphocytosis have been reported: persistent polyclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (PPBL) in Western countries and hairy B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder (HBLD) in Japan. PPBL is characterized by B lymphocytosis with binucleated lymphocytes, polyclonal IgM, isolated splenomegaly, female sex, cigarette smoking and the presence of HLA-DR7 allele. Most patients with HBLD have atypical lymphocytes with microvilli and prominent membranous ruffles, serum polyclonal IgG, and splenomegaly. Only 9 patients with HBLD have been reported to date, and all of these patients are Japanese. Here, we report three new cases of HBLD. We performed HLA-DRB1 subtyping since the association between HBLD and HLA-DR4 has been suggested: 4 of 5 HBLD patients examined demonstrated the HLA allele. We also analyzed HLA-DRB1 alleles in a patient with hairy cell leukemia (HCL) and 3 with HCL Japanese variant (HCL-JV) to examine the possibility that polyclonal cell expansion in HBLD may be followed by transformation to these lymphoproliferative disorders. If the transformation were to occur, the patients should share the same HLA-DR allele. Expanded B-lymphocytes in all HBLD cases displayed CD5− CD10− CD11c+ CD19+ CD20+ CD23− CD25− and CD103− cell surface phenotype and all patients exhibited a polyclonal increase in serum IgG. Phase-contrast microscopic and scanning electron microscopic examinations demonstrated lymphoid cells with many long surface microvilli. Analysis of immunoglobulin VH gene rearrangements showed a polyclonal pattern. Therefore, we diagnosed these patients as HBLD. HLA-DRB1 subtype analysis strengthened the close relation between HBLD and HLA-DR4: 2 patients having HLA-DRB1*0405 and one HLA-DRB1*0407. In the meanwhile one each patient with HCL and HCL-JV had HLA-DRB1*0405 allele. Although the exact mechanism underlying the association between HBLD and HLAB1*04 needs to be elucidated, the presence of this HLA might be useful to establish correct diagnosis of the disease, and thus avoid patient exposure to unnecessary treatment. One each patient with HCL and HCL-JV has HLA-DRB1*0405, but a definitive conclusion cannot yet be drawn due to high HLA-DRB1*04 frequency in Japanese population (25.4%).
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Lusso, P., P. D. Markham, E. Tschachler, F. di Marzo Veronese, S. Z. Salahuddin, D. V. Ablashi, S. Pahwa, K. Krohn i R. C. Gallo. "In vitro cellular tropism of human B-lymphotropic virus (human herpesvirus-6)." Journal of Experimental Medicine 167, nr 5 (1.05.1988): 1659–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.167.5.1659.
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We investigated the cellular tropism of human B-lymphotropic virus (HBLV) (also designated Human Herpesvirus-6) in vitro by infecting fresh MN cells from normal human adult peripheral blood, umbilical cord blood, bone marrow, tonsil, and thymus. Cultures from all the sources examined contained infectable cells, as shown by the appearance of characteristic enlarged, round-shaped, short-lived cells expressing HBLV-specific markers. Detailed immunological analysis demonstrated that the vast majority of these cells expressed T cell-associated antigens (i.e., CD7, CD5, CD2, CD4, and to a lesser extent, CD8). The CD3 antigen and the TCR-alpha/beta heterodimer were not detectable on the surface membrane, but were identified within the cytoplasm of HBLV-infected cells, by both immunofluorescence and radioimmunoprecipitation assay. A proportion of the HBLV-infected cell population also expressed the CD15 and class II MHC DR antigens. By means of immunoselection procedures it was possible to show that a consistent proportion of HBLV-infectable cells were contained within the CD3-depleted immature T cell population, while the depletion of CD2+ cells completely abrogated the infectability of the cultures. Northern blot analysis confirmed the T cell origin of HBLV-infected cells, demonstrating the expression of full size TCR-alpha and -beta chain mRNA. In addition to fresh T cells, HBLV was able to infect normal T lymphocytes expanded in vitro with IL-2 for greater than 30 d. These results indicate that HBLV is selectively T cell tropic in the course of the in vitro infection of normal mononuclear cells and may therefore be directly involved in the pathogenesis of T cell related hematological disorders. In particular, in light of the cytopathic effect exerted in vitro on CD4+ T lymphocytes, a possible role of HBLV in immune deficiency conditions should be considered.
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Smart, James L., i Carl E. Bauer. "Tetrapyrrole Biosynthesis in Rhodobacter capsulatus Is Transcriptionally Regulated by the Heme-Binding Regulatory Protein, HbrL". Journal of Bacteriology 188, nr 4 (15.02.2006): 1567–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.188.4.1567-1576.2006.
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ABSTRACT We demonstrate that the expression of hem genes in Rhodobacter capsulatus is transcriptionally repressed in response to the exogenous addition of heme. A high-copy suppressor screen for regulators of hem gene expression resulted in the identification of an LysR-type transcriptional regulator, called HbrL, that regulates hem promoters in response to the availability of heme. HbrL is shown to activate the expression of hemA and hemZ in the absence of exogenous hemin and repress hemB expression in the presence of exogenous hemin. Heterologously expressed HbrL apoprotein binds heme b and is purified with bound heme b when expressed in the presence of 5-aminolevulinic acid. Electrophoretic gel shift analysis demonstrated that HbrL binds the promoter region of hemA, hemB, and hemZ as well as its own promoter and that the presence of heme increases the binding affinity of HbrL to hemB.
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Park, Sunmin, Ting Zhang, Yu Yue, Su-Ji Jeong, Myeong-Seon Ryu, Xuangao Wu, Hee-Jong Yang i Do-Yeon Jeong. "Alleviation of Metabolic Disturbance by Substituting Kanjang High in Bacillus for Salt through Modulation of Gut Microbiota in Estrogen-Deficient Rats". Foods 11, nr 13 (30.06.2022): 1951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11131951.
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A high salt intake may exacerbate menopausal symptoms and substituting for different types of traditionally made kanjang (TMK; soy sauce) may prevent it. This study examined whether substituting salt with lyophilized TMK containing low and high Bacillus and biogenic amines in a high-fat diet might modulate the menopausal symptoms and the energy, glucose, and lipid metabolism in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. They were categorized into salt (Control), TMK with high Bacillus and low biogenic amines (HBLB), TMK with high Bacillus and high biogenic amines (HBHB), TMK with low Bacillus and low biogenic amines (LBLB), and TMK with low Bacillus and high biogenic amines (LBHB). Sham-operated rats consumed the same diet as the Control. HBLB, HBHB, and LBHB prevented increased tail skin temperature compared to the Control. HBHB and HBLB partially inhibited the increased weight gain and abdominal fat mass by reducing the food efficiency without changing the serum 17β-estradiol concentrations. Serum glucose and insulin concentrations and the insulin resistance index by the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance showed a positive association for weight gain. HBLB and HBHB decreased the serum malondialdehyde and tumor-necrosis factor-α levels. Hepatic triglyceride storage was lower in all TMK groups than in the Control, while hepatic glycogen accumulation was higher in the HBLB, HBHB, and LBHB groups than in the Control and LBLB groups. Accordingly, the mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-γ(PPAR-γ) was higher in the HBLB and HBHB groups compared to the Control, and that of fatty acid synthase was opposite to PPAR-γ expression. However, HBLB and HBHB improved dyslipidemia and insulin resistance compared to the Control, but their improvement did not reach that of the Normal-control. The acetic acid concentrations in the portal vein were lower in the LBLB than in the Control, while the butyric acid contents were higher in the LBHB and HBLB groups than in the Control. HBHB, HBLB, and LBHB elevated Akkermansia and Lactobacillus, and HBLB and LBLB increased Bacteroides and Ruminococcus compared to the Control. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation, bile acid synthesis, and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis were significantly higher in the HBLB group than in the Control group. In conclusion, substituting salts to TMK with a high Bacillus content regardless of the bioamine contents partially improved the menopausal symptoms and metabolic disturbance in estrogen-deficient animals.
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Yu, Yongxiang, Yang Zhang, Yingeng Wang, Meijie Liao, Bin Li, Xiaojun Rong, Chunyuan Wang, Jianlong Ge, Jinjin Wang i Zheng Zhang. "The Genetic and Phenotypic Diversity of Bacillus spp. from the Mariculture System in China and Their Potential Function against Pathogenic Vibrio". Marine Drugs 21, nr 4 (31.03.2023): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md21040228.
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Bacillus spp. could be one of the most suitable substitutes for the control and prevention of aquatic diseases. The occurrence of species population, antimicrobial character, and virulence diversity in Bacillus spp. recovered from the mariculture system in China between 2009 and 2021 were investigated, screening for probiotic Bacillus strains with good biological safety that can inhibit Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. alginolyticus, V. harveyi, V. owensii, V. campbellii. The results showed that 116 Bacillus isolates were divided into 24 species, and the top three species were B. subtilis (37/116), B. velezensis (28/116), and B. amyloliquefaciens (10/116). Among the 116 Bacillus isolates, 32.8% were effective against V. parahaemolyticus, 30.1% for V. alginolyticus, 60.3% for V. harveyi, 69.8% for V. owensii and 74.1% for V. campbellii. More than 62% of Bacillus isolates were susceptible to florfenicol, doxycycline and tetracycline, etc., and 26/116 Bacillus isolates were found to be multiple-antibiotic-resistant (MAR), with MARI values ranging from 0 to 0.06. Eighteen kinds of antibiotic resistance genes were tested; only tetB, blaTEM, and blaZ were detected. And 9 isolates in 2 Bacillus species were excluded by 6/10 kinds of Bacillus-related toxin gene (hblA, hblC, nheB, nheC, entFM, cykK). Bio-safety testing indicated that three kinds of probiotics were good probiotic candidates to prevent Vibriosis. These results provide comprehensive genetic diversity, potential risks, and probiotic characteristics of Bacillus in the mariculture system in China, and provide basic support for green and healthy development of aquatic industry.
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Sun, Jianrui, Jinglan Li, Ruirui Ren, Linlin Yao, Li Tong, Jiangfeng Yuan i Dahong Wang. "Effect of Chitosan and Hyperbranched Poly-L-Lysine Treatment on Quality of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) during Storage". Foods 13, nr 9 (27.04.2024): 1354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13091354.
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To enhance the storage time of cucumbers, this research investigated the impact of chitosan (CS) and hyperbranched poly-L-lysine (HBPL) on the quality and nutritional attributes of cucumbers when stored at a temperature of 25 °C. The results demonstrated that sensory evaluation scores for cucumbers treated with a CS–HBPL combination were significantly higher than the control (CK), CS, and HBPL groups. On the 18th day of storage, cucumbers in the CK group exhibited significant decay and softening; however, there was a decrease in hardness observed in the CS–HBPL group and no decay or noticeable sour taste was detected. Furthermore, compared to the CK group, treatment with CS–HBPL effectively delayed cucumber decay and weight loss rate while significantly inhibiting decreases in cucumber hardness and growth of surface microorganisms. Additionally, it substantially reduced losses of soluble protein content as well as vitamin C (Vc), reducing sugars, and total phenolic compounds within cucumbers, which were 4.7 mg/g, 4.7 mg/g, 0.94 mg/g, and 0.52 mg/kg, respectively. Moreover, compared to the CK group, combined treatment with CS–HBPL significantly inhibited malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation and reducing relative electrolyte permeability within cucumbers, which were 1.45 μmol·g−1FW and 29.82%. Furthermore, it notably enhanced activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), while exerting a significant inhibitory effect on polyphenol oxidase (PPO). In summary, the combined CS–HBPL treatment successfully prolonged cucumber shelf life at room temperature, enabling new possibilities for extending cucumber shelf life.
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Sánchez, Jnnifer A., Margarita M. Correa, Ángel E. Aceves Dies i Laura M. Castañeda Sandoval. "Direct detection of toxigenic Bacillus cereus in dietary complement for children and cassava starch". Revista Colombiana de Química 43, nr 2 (22.09.2015): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rev.colomb.quim.v43n2.53117.
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<p>Bacillus cereus es un contaminante de alimentos<br />conocido por ser patogénico para los humanos,<br />causando síndromes de vómito y diarrea.<br />En este estudio se evaluó la presencia de B.<br />cereus toxigénicos utilizando PCR múltiple<br />directamente en complementos dietarios<br />para niños y en almidón de yuca colectados<br />en Medellín, Colombia. De 75 muestras de<br />complemento dietario para niños, 70,7%<br />estuvieron contaminadas con B. cereus<br />toxigénicos y se detectaron cuatro diferentes<br />consorcios toxigénicos: I: nheA, hblC, cytK<br />(9,8%), II: nheA, hblC (2%), III: hblC, cytK<br />(41.2%), IV: hblC (47%). De 75 muestras de<br />almidón de yuca, 44% estuvieron contaminadas<br />con B. cereus toxigénicos y se determinaron<br />cuatro diferentes consorcios toxigénicos: I:<br />nheA, hblC, cytK (48.5%), II: nheA, hblC, cytK,<br />cesB (3%), III: hblC, cytK (30,3%), IV: hblC<br />(18.2%). En general, en los complementos<br />dietarios para niños sólo se detectaron<br />consorcios enterotoxigénicos, mientras que en<br />el almidón los consorcios enterotoxigénicos<br />predominaron sobre el emético. La PCR<br />múltiple fue de utilidad para detectar<br />contaminación con B. cereus toxigénicos<br />permitiendo la detección directa y simultánea<br />de todos los genes tóxicos en los alimentos. Este<br />estudio es el primero en Colombia en evaluar B.<br />cereus toxigénicos y proporciona información<br />importante para la evaluación de riesgos<br />microbiológicos en los alimentos pulverizados</p>
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Bilbao, Guadalupe, Juan L. Contreras, Huang-Ge Zhang, M. Joyce Pike, Ken Overturf, Galina Mikheeva, Victor Krasnykh i David T. Curiel. "Adenovirus-Mediated Gene Expression In Vivo Is Enhanced by the Antiapoptotic Bcl-2 Gene". Journal of Virology 73, nr 8 (1.08.1999): 6992–7000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.73.8.6992-7000.1999.
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ABSTRACT An adenovirus vector encoding the human Bcl-2 gene (hBcl-2) was derived. In vivo expression of hBcl-2 in murine livers enhanced and prolonged adenovirus-mediated gene expression. Furthermore, in the hBcl-2-treated group a significant reduction in the apoptosis induced by the adenovirus vector was observed. Thus, the cytoprotection of the vector-infected cells with antiapoptotic genes appears promising for successful in vivo gene therapy.