Artykuły w czasopismach: „Harvard Club of Belgium”

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Pardal, Mafalda. "The Belgian Cannabis Social Club landscape". Drugs and Alcohol Today 18, nr 2 (4.06.2018): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dat-09-2017-0051.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to map the presence of the Cannabis Social Club (CSC) model in Belgium since its emergence in the country and to analyze the inter-organizational relations among CSCs and between the CSCs and other supportive actors engaged in the wider cannabis movement. Design/methodology/approach This analysis draws on qualitative interviews (n=42) with directors of seven currently active and one former Belgian CSC(s), as well as with organizations or individuals reportedly collaborating with the Belgian CSCs. That data are complemented by fieldwork observations and a review of CSC internal documents. Findings Despite an uninterrupted presence in the country over the last decade, CSC presence in Belgium remains rather volatile and vulnerable to external control pressure. The CSC landscape is a somewhat segmented field as cooperation among CSCs remains limited. At the same time, the support base for the movement is diverse, encompassing different types of secondary organizations ranging from national and international advocacy groups, to cannabis industry entrepreneurs and other consultants. Originality/value This paper contributes to the yet limited body of knowledge on CSCs, by providing a first comprehensive overview of the presence of CSCs in one of the key settings associated with the model, by shedding light into the interplay between CSCs, and between other organizations supportive of the cannabis movement.

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Awuh, Harrison Esam, i Floor Spijkers. "‘We Are Not As Bad as you Think we Are’: Dealing with Diversity and Self-Exclusion in a Youth Football Club". International Journal of the Sociology of Leisure 3, nr 2 (10.12.2019): 97–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41978-019-00049-9.

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AbstractFew studies have considered the capacity of place to facilitate or inhibit supportive responses to diversity. In this paper, we explore this capacity of place through an ethnographic case study of responses to diversity in a football club based in Antwerp, Belgium. Over a three year period we assessed the effects of three separate placed-based initiatives by the football club to promote inclusion of native Belgians in a football club that has become predominantly composed of people with migrant backgrounds. This paper demonstrates that initiatives which were based in places with normative values which promote diversity, acceptance and mutual respect delivered more positive outcomes for inclusion of native Belgians than in places without such norms and values.

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Michelman, Valerie, Joseph Price i Seth D. Zimmerman. "Old Boys’ Clubs and Upward Mobility Among the Educational Elite". Quarterly Journal of Economics 137, nr 2 (3.12.2021): 845–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjab047.

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Abstract This article studies how exclusive social groups shape upward mobility and whether interactions between low- and high-status peers can integrate the top rungs of the economic and social ladders. Our setting is Harvard University in the 1920s and 1930s, where new groups of students arriving on campus encountered a social system centered on exclusive old boys’ clubs. Combining archival and census records, we first show that students from prestigious private feeder schools are overrepresented in old boys’ clubs, while academic high achievers and ethnic minorities are almost completely absent. Club members earn $32\%$ more than other students and are more likely to work in finance and join country clubs, both characteristic of the era’s elite. We use random variation in room assignment to show that exposure to high-status peers expands gaps in college club membership, adult social club membership, and finance careers by high school type, with large positive effects for private school students and zero or negative effects for others. To conclude, we turn to more recent cohorts. We show that the link between exclusive college clubs and finance careers persists across the twentieth century even as Harvard diversifies, and that elite university students from the highest-income families continue to outearn their peers.

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Niaz, Iffat, Yasmeen Tabassum i Zafar Iqbal Butt. "Comparing the Aerobic Fitness Capacity of University and Club Levels Male Volleyball Players". Global Regional Review VII, nr II (30.06.2022): 328–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(vii-ii).31.

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The objective of this research was to find the likely importance of variations in aerobic fitness between men volleyball players competing for club and university. The volleyball players must have the capacity to comprehensively display their physical, technical, tactical, and psychological skills. The physical attributes of players have a noticeable impact on both the team's strategy and the players' performance. Players must therefore be physically capable of meeting the demands of the sport. The present study was planned to monitor the cardio-respiratory fitness or aerobic endurance of male volleyball players at the club and university levels and to compare the results. A total number of 60 men volleyball players, aged 19 to 24 years from both clubs and universities participated in this study. To assess each group's level of aerobic fitness, the test that was used is the Harvard step test. Findings demonstrated a difference in club and university players' aerobic fitness of a significant level (p< 0.05). In comparison to club volleyball players, university volleyball players were shown to have superior aerobic fitness.

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Kokko, Sami, Leena Martin, Susanna Geidne, Aurelie Van Hoye, Aoife Lane, Jeroen Meganck, Jeroen Scheerder i in. "Does sports club participation contribute to physical activity among children and adolescents? A comparison across six European countries". Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 47, nr 8 (12.07.2018): 851–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494818786110.

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Aims: Insufficient physical activity (PA) is one of the largest public health challenges of our time and requires a multisectoral public-health response. PA recommendations state that all children and adolescents should accumulate at least 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) daily and carry out vigorous PA (VPA) three times weekly. While participation in sports club activities is known to enhance the probability of reaching the recommended overall PA level, less is known about the contribution of sports club participation to VPA, and few cross-national comparisons have been carried out. The purpose of this paper is to study whether participation in sports club activities is associated with meeting the overall PA and VPA recommendations among children and adolescents across six European countries, namely Belgium (Flanders), Czech Republic, Finland, France, Ireland and Sweden. Methods: Analyses were carried out on existing self-reported national data sets using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results: Results indicate that approximately two-thirds of children and adolescents take part in sports club activities in the given countries. Sports club participants were more likely to meet the overall PA recommendations (OR 2.4–6.4) and VPA recommendation (OR 2.8–5.0) than non-participants. Conclusions: The extent to which overall PA and/or VPA is gained through sports club participation versus other settings needs to be further studied. Nonetheless, it can be argued that sports clubs have an important position in PA promotion for younger populations.

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Milligan, Kathryn. "Social Smoking and French Fancies: The Dublin Art(s) Club, 1886–98". Journal of Victorian Culture 25, nr 3 (28.03.2020): 365–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jvcult/vcaa009.

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Abstract ABSTRACT The Dublin Art(s) Club, which operated in the Irish capital from 1886 to 1898, offers an intriguing case study for modes of artistic networks and cultural exchange between Ireland and Britain in the closing decades of the nineteenth century. Despite this, the history of the Club has been little explored in historiography to date, often confused with other ventures by artists in the city. Examining the rise and fall of the Dublin Art(s) Club, along with its members and activities, this article retrieves its history and posits that it offers an example of an aspect of art in Ireland which was conspicuous for its cosmopolitan outlook and active engagement with the wider British art world, which then spanned across both islands. The history of the Dublin Art(s) Club poses a challenge to the extant scholarship of this period in Irish art history, which to date has been largely understood to be focused on themes of national identity, the cultural revival, and artists who left Ireland to train in Belgium and France. This article posits that by re-engaging with the activities of art clubs and societies, a more complex reading of artistic life in Victorian Dublin can emerge.

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Heyman, Matthias. "The role and function of jazz competitions in Belgium, 1932–1939". Popular Music 39, nr 3-4 (grudzień 2020): 439–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261143020000422.

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AbstractThis article focuses on a series of regional, national and international jazz competitions organised by the Jazz Club de Belgique between 1932 and 1939. In the early 1930s, contests for amateur jazz bands began to emerge in various European countries such as the UK, the Netherlands, and Belgium. Using the Belgian competitions as a case study, this article demonstrates that these were instrumental in the development of certain local jazz scenes, not only by offering budding talents an opportunity to be discovered, but more importantly in establishing a much-needed network of amateur and professional musicians, intermediaries, critics and fans. Furthermore, the argument is made that these events foreshadowed the first European jazz festivals to appear in the 1950s. Overall, it aims to demonstrate that the jazz contest is a valuable yet under-researched site for the promotion, socialisation, mediation, dissemination and popularisation of this music.

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Pardal, Mafalda, i Tom Decorte. "Cannabis Use and Supply Patterns Among Belgian Cannabis Social Club Members". Journal of Drug Issues 48, nr 4 (7.08.2018): 689–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022042618791295.

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Cannabis Social Clubs (CSCs) constitute a noncommercial model for the supply of cannabis among registered, adults users, which is present in several countries—including in Belgium. This analysis provides a first descriptive examination of a sample of Belgian CSC members’ patterns of use and supply, as well as their sociodemographic features. According to a new voluntary survey of 190 Belgian CSC members, more than three quarters are male, Belgian, and more than half work full- or part-time. About 44% of respondents have completed university studies. Securing cannabis was the primary reason to adhere to a CSC, and most are (near-)daily users. Our results revealed that the CSC was the sole supplier for most respondents of cannabis-producing CSCs, who obtained almost exclusively (dried) herbal cannabis. The presence of (self-declared) medical users in our sample is noteworthy. This analysis advances our knowledge of the segment of the market served by this noncommercial model.

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Slive, Daniel J. "G. Thomas Tanselle. Portraits and Reviews." RBM: A Journal of Rare Books, Manuscripts, and Cultural Heritage 18, nr 1 (19.05.2017): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rbm.18.1.64.

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G. Thomas Tanselle is a highly regarded bibliographer, textual editor, critic, and book collector. Following his undergraduate degree from Yale, he received his PhD in 1959 from the Department of English at Northwestern University with a dissertation on the twentieth-century American author Floyd Dell. Between 1960 and 1978, he taught at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, after which he served as vice president of the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation from 1978 until 2006. He has also served as an adjunct professor of English at Columbia University and coeditor of the Northwestern-Newberry Edition of the Writings of Herman Melville as well as president of the Bibliographical Society of the University of Virginia, the Bibliographical Society of America, the Grolier Club, and the Society for Textual Scholarship. In recognition of his scholarly contributions in the field of bibliography, Tanselle has delivered numerous prestigious lectures including the Hanes Foundation Lecture at the University of North Carolina, Robert L. Nikirk Lecture at the Grolier Club, the A.S.W. Rosenbach Lectures in Bibliography at the University of Pennsylvania, the Sandars Lectures at Cambridge University, and the George Parker Winship Lecture at Harvard University.

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Gartner, Coral, Marilyn Bromberg, Tanya Musgrove i Kathy Luong. "Vape Club: Exploring Non-Profit Regulatory Models for the Supply of Vaporised Nicotine Products". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, nr 8 (14.08.2018): 1744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15081744.

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Vaporised nicotine products (VNPs) that are not approved as therapeutic goods are banned in some countries, including Australia, Singapore, and Thailand. We reviewed two non-profit regulatory options, private clubs and the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration Special Access Scheme (SAS) that have been applied to other controlled substances (such as cannabis) as a potential model for regulating VNPs as an alternative to prohibition. The legal status of private cannabis clubs varies between the United States, Canada, Belgium, Spain, and Uruguay. Legal frameworks exist for cannabis clubs in some countries, but most operate in a legal grey area. Kava social clubs existed in the Northern Territory, Australia, until the federal government banned importation of kava. Access to medical cannabis in Australia is allowed as an unapproved therapeutic good via the SAS. In Australia, the SAS Category C appears to be the most feasible option to widen access to VNPs, but it may have limited acceptability to vapers and smokers. The private club model would require new legislation but could be potentially more acceptable if clubs were permitted to operate outside a medical framework. Consumer and regulator support for these models is currently unknown. Without similar restrictions applied to smoked tobacco products, these models may have only a limited impact on smoking prevalence. Further research could explore whether these models could be options for regulating smoked tobacco products.

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Syaleh, Muhammad, Agung Nugroho, Ramadan Ramadan i Dewi Maya Sari. "PROFIL KONDISI FISIK PADA ATLET PUTRA BOLA VOLI CLUB TVRI KOTA MEDAN". Riyadhoh : Jurnal Pendidikan Olahraga 7, nr 1 (28.06.2024): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.31602/rjpo.v7i1.14994.

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Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat kondisi fisik yang dimiliki oleh para atlet yang bertanding di Klub Bola Voli TVRI Medan Putra. Strategi yang digunakan adalah metode survei, yang melibatkan pengumpulan data melalui prosedur tes dan pengukuran. Atlet yang tergabung dalam Klub TVRI Putra Kota Medan didekati dengan menggunakan metode sampel lengkap untuk mengumpulkan data dari mereka. Jumlah sampel yang dikumpulkan untuk investigasi ini terdiri dari dua puluh enam atlet. Tes yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi hal-hal berikut ini: tes lari 60 meter, yang digunakan untuk menentukan kecepatan; expanding dynamometer, yang digunakan untuk menentukan kekuatan otot lengan dan bahu; tes sit-up 30 detik, yang digunakan untuk menentukan kekuatan otot perut; leg dynamometer, yang digunakan untuk menentukan kekuatan otot kaki; back dynamometer, yang digunakan untuk menentukan kekuatan otot punggung; tes lompat tegak, yang digunakan untuk menentukan daya ledak otot tungkai; tes sit and reach, yang digunakan untuk mengevaluasi fleksibilitas; tes kelincahan halang rintang heksagonal digunakan untuk mengevaluasi ketangkasan; dan tes langkah Harvard digunakan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja daya tahan jantung-paru. Analisis deskriptif kuantitatif, yaitu dalam bentuk persentase, adalah metode analisis data yang digunakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa profil kondisi fisik atlet bola voli putra yang bertanding untuk Klub TVRI Kota Medan terbagi dalam beberapa kategori sebagai berikut: kategori 'sangat kurang' sebanyak 3,8% dari total keseluruhan, kategori 'kurang' sebanyak 34,6% dari total keseluruhan, kategori 'sedang' sebanyak 23,0% dari total keseluruhan, kategori 'baik' sebanyak 34,6% dari total keseluruhan, dan kategori 'sangat baik' sebanyak 3,8% dari total keseluruhan.

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Масляк, І. П. "Comprehensive Assessment of Step Aerobics Exercises Effect on Women’s Physical Performance and Physical Health". Teorìâ ta Metodika Fìzičnogo Vihovannâ, nr 1 (29.03.2015): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2015.1.1110.

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Objective: To identify the dynamics of physical performance and physical health indicators in young and middle-aged women under the effect of step aerobics exercises.Material and methods. The grounds for the study were Kharkiv fitness club “Zorianyi”. The participants were 28 women aged 20-35. The study used the following methods: theoretical analysis of scientific and methodical literature, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics, methods of determining physical performance (Harvard step test) and physical health (anthropometry, pulsometry, tonometry, spirometry, dynamometry).Results: The study assessed the level of physical performance and physical health; analyzed age-related performance differences; determined the level of the effect of step aerobics on women’s physical performance and physical health.Conclusions: Step-aerobics exercises proved to have a positive effect on the level of physical performance and physical health of the young and middle-aged women.

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Vangrunderbeek, Hans, i Pascal Delheye. "Stepping From Belgium to the United States and Back: The Conceptualization and Impact of the Harvard Step Test, 1942–2012". Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 84, nr 2 (czerwiec 2013): 186–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2013.784724.

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Dulibskyy, Andriy, Yuriy Kohut, Yuriy Martynyak i Mykhaylo Strokun. "Selection for the club and national teams of Germany in four-year cycles of preparation for competitions". Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), nr 7(167) (15.07.2023): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2023.7(167).15.

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Discussions about the need for the development of youth and mass football in Ukraine for a long time have remained only conversational creativity. Attempts to do half-measures do not bring any positive results. At the same time, the long-term experience of other developed countries in the field of football shows that even full-fledged measures do not always immediately give the desired result. Only an exceptionally thought-out systematic approach over a long period of time is capable of ensuring the development and effectiveness of a multidisciplinary concept, methodology or program. The experience of such developed countries in terms of football as Germany has proven, and the football managers of England, Belgium, Spain, Netherlands, France and many other leading football countries agree with them, that the bet on youth is a win-win, and in this case, universal profit is guaranteed can be considerable. In the long term, the Ukrainian Football Association could consider studying the German experience, both at the club and national level. For Ukrainian football clubs, the traditional management system with the rule "50% shares + 1 share" seems very appropriate. Such a model would not only develop the concept of developing young football talents, but also contribute to the de- oligarchization of Ukrainian football.

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Piščalkienė, Viktorija, Laura Žlibinaitė, Petra Muraus, Enikő Nagy i Marita Mattila. "TRENDS OF “FIRE SOULS” MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS RELATED TO SPORT CLUB ESTABLISHMENT". Health Sciences 31, nr 7 (14.12.2021): 110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35988/sm-hs.2021.232.

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The analysis was performed while participating and doing research in a project “Villages on the Move Go (VOMGO)” which is focused on one of the main objectives of EU sport policy: promote awareness and healthenhancing physical activity (HEPA). Motivation is widely-researched in sport psychology and other fields. Motivation for participation in sport is an important object of sport research, therefore it is important to apply reliable research tools. Aim of the research – to identify trends of “Fire Souls” motivational factors related to sport club establishment. Method. This paper analyses the results of open-ended questions, which are presented in quantitative terms (descriptive statistics) and statistical correlation analysis. Participants. The study involved 43 persons who are strongly related with the activities of sport clubs. They have established these clubs and are currently the enthusiasts of these clubs, as they represent them by participating or managing their activities, organizing various activities at the national and / or international level. In the “Villages on the Move Go” project and in this article, they are named as “Fire Souls”. Fire Souls are representing seven European countries: Finland, Lithuania, Cyprus, Slovenia, Hungary, Belgium and Portugal. All of the “Fire Souls” involved in this study were experts with extensive experiences in sport and physical activity. Results. The most frequently mentioned motivational factors for “Fire Souls” to run the sport clubs were participation in sport activities from childhood and search for innovative sport activities or benefits to the community. “Fire Souls” who once volunteered at the sport clubs practiced winter sports. The factor “personal life changes” is related to activities with vulnerable groups, implication of the sport education is related to gymnastics, acrobatics, active lifestyle and achievements are related with cycling. The factor “search for the innovative sport activities for the community” correlates with dancing, search for the innovative sport activities for the community is related with the occupation as physical education teacher. The most common motivational factors for men and women “Fire Souls” are participation in sport activities from childhood, search for innovative sport activities and benefits to the community. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors were almost indistinguishable from “Fire Souls” experience in sport activities. Conclusions. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors of “Fire Souls” determine sport and active leisure activities for individuals seeking professional and nonprofessional athletic performance, contributing to the promotion of public health and quality of life.

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van Nunen, Karolien, Elke Leuridan, Guido Van Hal, Pierre Van Damme i Tom Decorte. "Legal and illegal drug use among female sex workers in bar and club prostitution in Belgium: A quantitative and qualitative study". Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy 21, nr 1 (27.06.2013): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09687637.2013.806432.

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Kunkeler, Nathaniël. "Dietsland Empire?" Locus: Revista de História 28, nr 2 (20.12.2022): 124–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.34019/2594-8296.2022.v28.37259.

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Dutch fascism was marked by an international outlook and character from the outset in the 1920s. Rather than a purely Netherlands affair, it had proponents in multiple countries, particularly Belgium and the East Indies (Indonesia). For many of these, the idea of a Great Netherlands territory uniting all Dutch-speaking nations – Dietsland – was central to their international vision. There were a number of Dutch fascist parties and other organisations spread across the globe which experienced limited success throughout the 1920s, notably Flemish fascists in Belgium, and the reactionary Fatherland Club in the Dutch Indies. The latter was the most important, successfully mobilising the white settler population against perceived weakness in the face of Indonesian nationalism and communism. In the early 1930s they became influenced by fascism. The dominant fascist force of the 1930s however was Anton Mussert’s National Socialist Movement, which became a considerable force in the Netherlands, but proportionally even greater in the East Indies. Permitting mixed-race members in the party, it established integrated branches in the colonies where it became the largest political party. An inclusive culturalist notion of Dietsland was central to the party’s international vision and plans for a future fascist Imperium. It took a broadly positive stance towards the colonial administration, pointing to it as a model of fascist rule. This international Dutch fascism was underpinned by a transnational network of members and colonial administrators and army veterans which moved around the Dutch empire. This had a real impact on the development of party ideology, as leaders had to reckon with the influence of the transnational fascist network. However, ultimately metropolitan chauvinism and white supremacism determined the ultimate failure of Dutch fascism in the Indies and the hollowness of the Dietsland myth.

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Ryom, Knud, Mads Ravn, Rune Düring i Kristoffer Henriksen. "Talent Development in Football—A Holistic Perspective: The Case of KRC Genk". International Sport Coaching Journal 7, nr 3 (1.09.2020): 360–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/iscj.2019-0045.

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Interest in talent identification and the development of professional footballers has markedly increased in the past decade. Research in football has primarily focused on individual development and external factors affecting performance. In other sports, research from a holistic and ecological approach has examined successful environments, suggesting that such environments are not only unique, but also share features. Using a single case study design and a holistic ecological approach, this study investigated the youth department of the Belgium elite club KRC Genk (the Jos Vaessen Talent Academy). Results suggest that this environment, in many regards, is consistent with the shared features found in other successful environments in other sports (such as support of sporting goals by the wider environment and support for long-term development). However, three features were also observed as unique. These were (a) cultural awareness, openness, and sharing of knowledge; (b) the club’s ability to accommodate a broad diversity of players in the academy; and (c) an openness toward new ideas and learning on all levels of the organization. Collectively, our results indicate that Genk, in some respects, not only shares features with successful environments in other sports, but also bears unique features.

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RITCHLIN, CHRISTOPHER T., ABRAR A. QURESHI, KURT de VLAM, COSTANTINO PITZALIS, PHILIP S. HELLIWELL, PHILIP J. MEASE, DAFNA D. GLADMAN, GERALD G. KRUEGER, ARTHUR F. KAVANAUGH i OLIVER FITZGERALD. "Biomarkers in Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis: GRAPPA 2008". Journal of Rheumatology 37, nr 2 (luty 2010): 462–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.090957.

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Biomarkers can provide valuable insights into disease susceptibility and natural history and may serve as surrogate endpoints for a variety of different outcomes. At the 2008 annual meeting of GRAPPA (Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis), members were updated on the development of biomarkers in psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Plenary presentations included a translational approach to biomarker development (Christopher Ritchlin, University of Rochester, NY, USA), biomarkers for psoriasis (Abrar Qureshi, Harvard Medical School, MA, USA), new data on biomarkers for damage in PsA (Kurt de Vlam, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium), and design considerations for a longitudinal study of joint damage being undertaken under the OMERACT umbrella with colleagues working on rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis (Costantino Pitzalis, Barts and the London School of Medicine, London, UK; Oliver FitzGerald, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland). At the conclusion of this session, the meeting attendees discussed specific design issues of the proposed longitudinal study, including study duration, disease process core domains, and the instruments to be used in recording enthesitis, dactylitis, nail involvement, quality of life and structural damage. The appearance of new therapeutic options in PsA raises the need for sensitive biomarkers for both disease activity and outcome.

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Constandt, Bram, Erik Thibaut, Veerle De Bosscher, Jeroen Scheerder, Margot Ricour i Annick Willem. "Exercising in Times of Lockdown: An Analysis of the Impact of COVID-19 on Levels and Patterns of Exercise among Adults in Belgium". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, nr 11 (10.06.2020): 4144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114144.

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Countries all over the world implemented lockdowns to counteract COVID-19. These lockdowns heavily limited people’s exercise possibilities. At the same time, experts advocated to remain physically active to prevent future health problems. Based on an online survey, this study examines adults’ exercise levels and patterns during the COVID-19 lockdown in Belgium. Ordinal logistic regression analyses of 13,515 valid and population-weighted responses indicate a general increase in exercise frequencies, as well as in sedentary behavior. Except for people aged 55+, previously low active adults self-reported to exercise more during the lockdown. Among the people who were already high active before COVID-19, those above 55 years old, those with low education, those used to exercise with friends or in a sport club, and those who were not using online tools to exercise, self-reported to exercise less during the lockdown. Having less time, sitting more, and missing the familiar way and competitive element of exercising were the main reasons for a self-reported exercise reduction. Given the health risks associated with physical inactivity, results imply that governments should consider how those who were not reached can be encouraged to exercise during a lockdown. After all, additional COVID-19 lockdowns might be implemented in the future.

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Burstin, Helen R., Alasdair Conn, Gary Setnik, Donald W. Rucker, Paul D. Cleary, Anne C. O’Neil, E. John Orav, Colin M. Sox i Troyen A. Brennan. "Benchmarking and quality improvement: the Harvard Emergency Department Quality Study∗∗Access the “Journal Club” discussion of this paper at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/ajmselect/". American Journal of Medicine 107, nr 5 (listopad 1999): 437–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9343(99)00269-7.

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Ponnet, Hans, Hans Vangrunderbeek i Liam McCarthy. "The Flemish Interactive Coaching Monitoring System". International Sport Coaching Journal 8, nr 2 (1.05.2021): 253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/iscj.2020-0093.

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As large-scale coach education programs receive a growing amount of attention and investment (e.g., human and financial resources), the case for increased understanding of their impact is a pressing matter. In this paper, the authors outlined the creation of the Flemish Interactive Coaching Monitoring System (FICOMS) within the Flemish School for Coach Education (Belgium). The FICOMS is a data warehouse consisting of multiple databases, which was set up in 2019 to integrate data on coach education and coach certifications (1960–present), active coaches within club-organized sports (2014–present) and sport clubs, sports participants, and sports infrastructure. The FICOMS provides a variety of interactive and externally facing dashboards with useful statistics on coach education and coaching in Flanders. For example, the evolution of dropout ratios of qualified versus nonqualified coaches in sports clubs and sports federations can be identified, as well as the evolution of the percentage of qualified coaches in a specific sport, sports federation, or gender, or regional differences. By describing the main characteristics of FICOMS and sharing some emerging insights and early possibilities, the authors aimed to clarify the potential of this information technology for different stakeholders, such as governments, policymakers, sports federations, Olympic committees, education partners, municipalities, and researchers.

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Gouttebarge, Vincent, Imtiaz Ahmad, Zafar Iqbal, Emmanuel Orhant, Craig Rosenbloom, Kristof Sas i Gino M. M. J. Kerkhoffs. "Concussion in European professional football: a view of team physicians". BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 7, nr 2 (czerwiec 2021): e001086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001086.

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ObjectivesThe objective was to explore the view and thoughts of physicians working in professional football about several aspects (eg, education and use of video footages) likely to enhance concussions’ recognition and on-field management.MethodsAn observational study based on a cross-sectional design by means of an electronic survey was conducted among physicians working for a professional football club in Belgium, England or France.ResultsA total of 96 physicians (95% male; mean age: 44 years) completed the survey. Nearly all participants (95%) were in favour of informational sessions about concussion for players or technical staff. Only 5%–10% of the participants mentioned that they had felt pressured by the technical staff or players not to substitute a player with a (potential) concussion. Most participants were in favour of an additional permanent concussion substitution and a temporary concussion substitution. Four out of five participants reported that the availability of instant video footages (side-line) would ease the recognition of concussion.ConclusionA better recognition and on-field management of concussions in professional football can only be achieved with a holistic approach, including adequate laws of the football game and protocols. Especially, regular education of players and technical staff should be made mandatory while the medical teams should be provided side-line with instant video footages.

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LeFebvre, R. A., i J. N. Crawley. "First Joint Meeting of the European Neuropeptide Club (8th Annual Meeting) and the Summer Neuropeptide Conference (8th Annual Meeting) 6–9 May 1998, Gent, Belgium". Neuropeptides 32, nr 4 (sierpień 1998): 361–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0143-4179(98)90059-2.

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Chatterjee, Sudipto. "SOUTH ASIAN AMERICAN THEATRE: (UN/RE-)PAINTING THE TOWN BROWN". Theatre Survey 49, nr 1 (maj 2008): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040557408000069.

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In his second year at the University of California, Berkeley, Arthur William Ryder (1877–1938), the Ohio-born Harvard scholar of Sanskrit language and literature, collaborated with the campus English Club and Garnet Holme, an English actor, to stage Ryder's translation of the Sanskrit classic Mrichchhakatikam, by Shudraka, as The Little Clay Cart. The 1907 production was described as “presented in true Hindu style. Under the direction of Garnet Holme, who … studied with Swamis of San Francisco … [and] the assistance of many Indian students of the university.” However, in the twenty-five-plus cast, there was not a single Indian actor with a speaking part. The intended objective was grandeur, and the production achieved that with elaborate sets and costumes, two live zebras, and elephants. Seven years later, the Ryder–Holme team returned with Ryder's translation of Kalidasa's Shakuntala, “bear cubs, a fawn, peacocks, and an onstage lotus pool with two real waterfalls.” While the archival materials do not indicate the involvement of any Indian actors (barring one Gobind B. Lal, who enacted the Prologue), its importance is evinced by the coverage it received in the Oakland Tribune, the Overland Monthly and Out West Magazine, and the Los Angeles Times.

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Hackney, Amy. "Teaching Students about Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination: An Interview with Susan Fiske". Teaching of Psychology 32, nr 3 (lipiec 2005): 196–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15328023top3203_13.

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Susan T. Fiske is professor of psychology, Princeton University (PhD, Harvard University; honorary doctorate, Université Catholique de Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium). She wrote Social Cognition (with Taylor) on how people make sense of each other. Currently, she investigates emotional prejudices (pity, contempt, envy, and pride) at cultural, interpersonal, and neural levels. She won the American Psychological Association's Early Career Award for Distinguished Contributions to Psychology in the Public Interest for antidiscrimination testimony and the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues' Allport Intergroup Relations Award for ambivalent sexism theory (with Glick). She edits the Annual Review of Psychology (with Schacter and Kazdin) and the Handbook of Social Psychology (with Gilbert and Lindzey). She just finished Social Beings: A Core Motives Approach to Social Psychology and a year as President of the American Psychological Society. Amy Hackney received her BA in psychology from Indiana University and her MS and PhD in social psychology from Saint Louis University. She began her career as an assistant professor of psychology at Georgia Southern University in the Fall of 2003. She teaches courses in social psychology, psychology and law, psychology of gender, and research methods. She conducts research on racial and gender stereotypes and prejudice. She is particularly interested in how stereotypes and prejudice affect jury decision making and how minority members experience and cope with prejudice.

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Meyer, David R. "Why the Garden Club Couldn't Save Youngstown: The Transformation of the Rust Belt. By Sean Safford. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2009. Pp. 212. $29.95, cloth." Journal of Economic History 69, nr 02 (26.05.2009): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050709001004.

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Faller, Helge. "Part of the Game: The First Fifty Years of Women’s Football in Ireland and the International Context". Studies in Arts and Humanities 7, nr 1 (3.06.2021): 58–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18193/sah.v7i1.202.

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Women’s football in Ireland started in 1895 when the British Ladies’ Football Club (BLFC) visited Belfast for the first time and was followed by a tour the next year, which included some matches labelled ‘Ireland vs. England’. After two decades of silence, World War I saw the restart of women’s football, thanks to Mrs Walter Scott, and this time it was played seriously. Right from the start, the focus was not only on local exhibition matches but also on international selective matches. On Boxing Day in 1917, women’s football history was written, with the first international match of two selected teams in Belfast. After the war, Ireland became part of the international women’s football boom, played several international matches and had close ties to the French Federation. After some years of decline, the 1930s saw the most flourishing years in Irish women’s football before World War II, culminating in the first Irish full international in France, against France, in 1936. After the war, Irish women’s football was back on the international scene again. In this piece, I will show that Ireland—like France, Belgium, Austria and England—was one of the key international players in women’s football history up to the early 1950s. As soon as serious football was played by women, starting in World War I, the Irish ladies were part of the international movement and played international selective matches. This distinguished them from other nations in the 20s and 30s, where women’s football was seen as a show-act and not as a serious sport.

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Santaliestra-Pasías, Alba Ma, Theodora Mouratidou, Vera Verbestel, Karin Bammann, Dénes Molnar, Sabina Sieri, Alfonso Siani i in. "Physical activity and sedentary behaviour in European children: the IDEFICS study". Public Health Nutrition 17, nr 10 (8.10.2013): 2295–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980013002486.

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AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of physical activity and sedentary behaviours in European children, and to evaluate the relationship between media availability in personal space and physical activity in relation to total screen time.DesignData from the baseline IDEFICS (Identification and prevention of dietary- and lifestyle-induced health effects in children and infants) cross-sectional survey. Information on hours of television/digital video disk/video viewing and computer/games-console use (weekday and weekend days), media device availability in personal space, sports club membership, hours of active organized play and commuting (to and from school) were assessed via a self-reported parental questionnaire. Total screen time was defined as the sum of daily media use and subsequently dichotomized into meeting or not meeting the guidelines of the American Academy of Pediatrics.SettingEight survey centres (Italy, Estonia, Cyprus, Belgium, Sweden, Germany, Hungary and Spain).SubjectsChildren (n 15 330; 51 % males) aged 2–10 years.ResultsPercentage of children engaged in total screen time for >2 h/d was higher on weekend days (52 % v. 20 % on weekdays) and in the older group (71 % in males; 57 % in females), varying by country. Children with a television set in their bedroom were more likely not to meet the screen time recommendations (OR = 1·54; 95 % CI 1·60, 1·74).ConclusionsApproximately a third of the children failed to meet current screen time recommendations. Availability of a television set in personal space increased the risk of excess total screen time. This information could be used to identify potential targets for public health promotion actions of young population groups.

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Petkov, Plamen, Krasimira Slaveva, Stela Kasabova, Margarita Shopova, Tihomir Varbanov i Evgeni Ovchinnikov. "Statistical Dimensions of Circular Economy". Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental 18, nr 8 (17.04.2024): e05906. http://dx.doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n8-019.

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Purpose: The aim of the research is to study the various aspects of the circular economy in Bulgaria and the countries of the European Union. Method: The article evaluates the circular economy by applying different statistical analysis approaches: multivariate statistical methods, convergence analysis and cross-correlation analysis. Results and conclusion: First, as a result of the conducted dynamic classification of EU countries, it was found that the transition to a circular economy is most advanced in Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Italy and Luxembourg. Second, according to each of the indicators included in the analysis, the absence of a process of general convergence and the presence of club convergence between the EU-27 countries during the period 2012-2019 was established. Convergence among countries in four of the clubs formed is relative, while in the others there is a process of transitional divergence and phase reversal. Third, based on the cross-correlation analysis, we find no relationship between generated and recycled packaging waste in Bulgaria from 2005 to 2019. Between these indicators in the European Union for the same period, there is reason to argue that there is a relationship that occurs within the current year. Fourth, the values of the indicators of waste utilization and rendering waste harmless clearly show that in Bulgaria the waste from economic activities is mainly landfilled, and this is associated with additional costs and leads to environmental pollution. Fifth, the taxonomic analysis shows the existence of minimal differences between the Bulgarian districts in terms of municipal solid waste management.

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S. KLEIN, HERBERT. "Fernando Campero Prudencio (ed.), Bolivia en el siglo XX: la formación de la Bolivia contemporánea (La Paz: Harvard Club de Bolivia, 1999), pp. xxiv+634, pb, $20.00, Bs85." Journal of Latin American Studies 34, nr 1 (luty 2002): 165–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x0237634x.

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Srour, Soha. "The Israeli Lobby and the U.S. Response to the War in Lebanon". American Journal of Islam and Society 24, nr 1 (1.01.2007): 150–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v24i1.1582.

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On 28 August 2006, the Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR)sponsored a panel discussion on “The Israeli Lobby and the U.S. Responseto the War in Lebanon” at the National Press Club, Washington, DC. StephenWalt (Kennedy School of Government, Harvard) and John Mearsheimer(University of Chicago), authors of the controversial article “The IsraeliLobby and U.S. Foreign Policy,” were featured.The panel began with opening remarks by Corey Saylor (governmentaffairs director, CAIR) and Nihad Awad (executive director, CAIR). Awaddiscussed the war in Lebanon and the situation in Gaza, described Israel’sdropping of cluster bombs on civilian Lebanese towns, quoted a HumanRights Watch report that states Israel does not distinguish between combatants and civilians, as well as an Amnesty International report describingIsraeli actions in Lebanon as war crimes. He concluded: “Our one-sided supportfor Israel is a liability in the war on terror. It has turned much of theworld, including our European allies, against us.”Stephen Walt summarized the main arguments of his research articlewith John Mearsheimer. Among them are that comprehending the recent warin Lebanon requires an understanding of the pro-Israel groups’ politicalpower in the United States; that the Israeli lobby’s influence has led to policiesthat are not in the United States’ national interest, or in those of theregion’s countries, including Israel; and that $3 billion of American taxpayers’money is given unconditionally to a wealthy industrial nation. Hequoted former American negotiator Aaron Miller’s remark that the UnitedStates acted as Israeli’s lawyer during Oslo and has been even more onesidedunder President Bush ...

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Camann, W., i B. Kodali. "COMBINED OBSTETRIC AND ANESTHESIA JOURNAL CLUB SERIES: A FORUM FOR COLLABORATION. SHANKAR B KODALI, CAMANN WR, DEPARTMENT OF ANESTHESIA, BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL, HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL, BOSTON, MA 02115". Anesthesiology 96, nr 4 (1.04.2002): NA. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200204001-00034.

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Weiss, Kenneth J. "Book Section: Essays and Review: The Harvard Psychedelic Club: How Timothy Leary, Ram Dass, Huston Smith, and Andrew Weil Killed the Fifties and Ushered in a New Age for America". Journal of Psychiatry & Law 38, nr 3 (wrzesień 2010): 345–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009318531003800307.

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González-Gallegos, Jesús Guadalupe. "Salvia ramamoorthyana and S. omissa (Lamiaceae), two names for two old and largely confused species from Mexico". Phytotaxa 236, nr 3 (1.12.2015): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.236.3.2.

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Bentham, G. (1832–1836) Labiatarum genera et species. Ridgeway, London, 783 pp.Bentham, G. (1848) Labiatae. In: Candolle, A. de (Ed.) Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis. Victor Masson, Paris, pp. 27–603.Briquet, J. (1898) Fragmenta monographiea Labiatarum, fasciculus V, observations sur quelques Labiées intéressantes ou nouvelles principalement de L’Herbier Delessert. Annuaire du Conservatoire et du jardins botaniques de Genève 2: 102–251.Cornejo-Tenorio, G. & Ibarra-Manríquez, G. (2011) Diversidad y distribución del género Salvia (Lamiaceae) en Michoacán, México. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 82: 1279–1296.Epling, C. (1939) A revision of Salvia subgenus Calosphace. Feddes Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 110: 1–383.Epling, C. (1940) Supplementary notes on American Labiatae. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 67: 509–534. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2480972Epling, C. (1941) Supplementary notes on American Labiatae-II. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 68: 552–568. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2481456Epling, C. (1944) Supplementary notes on American Labiataae-III. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 71: 484–497. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2481241Epling, C. (1947) Supplementary notes on American Labiatae-IV. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 74: 512–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2481876Epling, C. (1951) Supplementary notes on American Labiatae-V. Brittonia 7: 129–142. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2804702Epling, C. (1960) Supplementary notes on American Labiatae-VII. Brittonia 12: 140–150. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2805214Epling, C. & Játiva, C. (1963) Supplementary notes on American Labiatae-VIII. Brittonia 15: 366–376. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2805381Epling, C. & Játiva, C. (1966) Supplementary notes on American Labiatae-IX. Brittonia 18: 255–265. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2805366Epling, C. & Játiva, C. (1968) Supplementary notes on American Labiatae-X. Brittonia 20: 295–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2805687Epling, C. & Mathias, M.E. (1957) Supplementary notes on American Labiatae-VI. Brittonia 8: 297–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2804980Espejo Serna, A. & Ramamoorthy, T.P. (1993) Revisión taxonómica de Salvia sección Sigmoideae (Lamiaceae). Acta Botanica Mexicana 23: 65–102.Fernald, M.L. (1900) A synopsis of the Mexican and Central American species of Salvia. Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University 19: 490–556. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25129966González-Gallegos, J.G. & Castro-Castro, A. (2013) New insights on Salvia platyphylla (Lamiaceae) and description of S. pugana and S. albiterrarum, two new species from Jalisco, Mexico. Phytotaxa 93 (2): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.93.2.1González-Gallegos, J.G. & Gama-Villanueva, O.J. (2013) Resurrection of Salvia species (Lamiaceae) recently synonymized in Flora Mesoamericana. Phytotaxa 151 (1): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.151.1.1González-Gallegos, J.G., Vázquez-García, J.A. & Cházaro-Basáñez, M.J. (2013) Salvia carreyesii, Salvia ibugana and Salvia ramirezii (Lamiaceae), three new species from Jalisco, Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 84: 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.7550/rmb.29131Hemsley, W.B. (1881–1882) Botany vol. II. In: Godman, D. & Salvin, O. (Eds.) Biologia centrali-americana. R. H. Porter and Dulau & Co., London, pp. 621.Jenks, A.A., Walker, J.B. & Kim, S.-C. (2013) Phylogeny of New World Salvia subgenus Calosphace (Lamiaceae) based on cpDNA (psbA-trnH) and nrDNA (ITS) sequence data. Journal of Plant Research 126: 483–496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10265-012-0543-1Klitgaard, B. (2012) Salvia L. In: Davidse, G., Sousa, -S.M., Knapp, S. & Chiang, F. (Eds.) Flora Mesoamericana 4(2), Rubiaceae a Verbenaceae. Missouri Botanical Press, St. Louis, pp. 396–424.Kunth, C.S. (1817) Nova genera et species plantarum. The Greek-Latin-Germanic Library, Paris, 404 pp.Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species plantarum. Salvius, Stockholm, 1200 pp.McNeill, J., Barrie, F.R., Buck, W.R., Demoulin, V., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Marhold, K., Prado, J., Prud’Homme Van Reine, W.F., Smith, G.F., Wiersema, J.H. & Turland, N.J. (2012) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code) adopted by the Eighteenth International Botanical Congress Melbourne, Australia, July 2011. [Regnum Vegetabile 154]. Gantner, Ruggell, 240 pp.Ortega, C.G. de (1797) Novarum aut rariorum plantarum horti reg. botan. Matrit. Ibarriana, Madrid, 51 pp.Rodríguez-Jiménez, L.S. & Espinosa-Garduño, J. (1996) Listado florístico del estado de Michoacán sección III (Angiospermae: Connaraceae-Myrtaceae except Fagaceae, Gramineae, Krameriaceae y Leguminosae). Flora del Bajío y de Regiones Adyacentes, Fascículo Complementario 10: 1–296.Tropicos (Org.) (2015) Tropicos database, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis. Available from: http://www.tropicos.org/Name/17606846 (accessed 25 June 2015)

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Khomenko, Denis Petrovich. "The Problem of the "Russian World": theory and historiography". Genesis: исторические исследования, nr 6 (czerwiec 2022): 143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2022.6.36008.

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The article presents the problem of the split of the "Russian World" as a consequence of the collapse of the USSR in 1991. Russian Russian historiography is analyzed by the author, comparing the opinions of experts on the civilizational criterion in the modern history of the Russian people and the "Russian world" in order to create a generalized definition of the concept of "Russian World". The so-called "Putin Doctrine" is considered separately, understood as a set of state measures to consolidate the post-Soviet space on the principles of common security and common interests. The problem of the ongoing split of the "Russian World" due to the Ukrainian crisis is also analyzed. In his work, using historical-systemic and historical-synergetic methods, the author, based on the opinions of specialists from different branches of science, comes to a theoretical result regarding the topic under study. In the modern historiography of the issue, there is still no consensus on the final definition, which indicates the interdisciplinary complexity of the concept. But this especially testifies to the high relevance of the definition of the concept of "Russian World" for the formation of the national security strategy of Russia. The article analyzes the sources of the Russkiy Mir Foundation, the Center for Military and Political Studies of the MGIMO Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, the Izborsky Club, and the Center for Global Interests (Washington, USA). The historiography of the works of doctors of Historical Sciences of Russia Nikonov V.A., Podberezkin A.I., Komarov G.A., Harvard University political scientist Huntington S.F., philosophers Shchedrovitsky P.G., Averyanov V.V. is also analyzed.Russian Russian World In the course of the study, the author presented a generalized definition of the concept of the "Russian World" and the problem of the split of the "Russian World" in the context of modern historical approaches.

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Poliarush, Svitlana. "LEGAL STATUS OF SPORTS FANS IN UKRAINE". Scientific Notes Series Law 1, nr 9 (2020): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.36550/2522-9230-2020-1-9-38-43.

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The article attempts to characterize the legal status of sports fans in Ukraine using the experience of foreign countries. Attention is paid to the historical aspect of the formation of sports fans in the world. The author dwelled on the movement of football fans in the twentieth century. Based on modern research by Ukrainian scientists, a classification of certain categories of football fans is presented. The article argues that sports fans are a kind of challenge to government agencies, and sometimes to society as a whole, so the ability to work with such informal entities, where the composition is dominated by young people, is a key task of government agencies. Examples of fruitful cooperation between the state, local governments and volunteers in the form of fan projects with football fans in Germany and Belgium are given. It was stated that cooperation in Ukraine is still carried out at the level of the football club and fans. The introduction of the position of the Officer for work with football fans in football clubs is positively assessed. The specifics of the Ukrainian fan football movement are pointed out - it is strongly influenced by politics. It is emphasized that in Ukraine, so far, there is no law that would regulate the legal status of sports fans. A number of international agreements, acts of international sports organizations and Ukrainian legislative, by-laws and local regulations are analyzed in the context of clarifying the set of rights and obligations of sports fans (mostly football). It is established that the status of sports fans is determined only within the limits of achieving the goal of ensuring the safety of sports competitions. It is proposed to develop a special law in the future, which would establish the legal status of sports fans and the fan movement in general. Particular attention is paid to the clear wording of the rights of sports fans.

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Ardizzola, Paola, i Joanna Grądzka. "Renato Rizzi". VITRUVIO - International Journal of Architectural Technology and Sustainability 7, nr 2 (30.12.2022): 4–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/vitruvioijats.2022.19041.

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Full Professor in Architectural Design at the Instituto Universitario di Architettura (IUAV) in Venice, he carries out an intense intellectual activity by connecting teaching, theory, research, and practice. Prize of the Italian Presidency of the Republic for architecture 2017, he has delivered seminars and lectures in some of the main universities including Harvard, UIC Chicago, ETH, etc. From 1984 to 1992 he collaborated with Peter Eisenman, New York, on the projects Romeo and Juliet, Verona (1986, Stone Lion, III Architecture Biennale of Venice), La Villette Park, Paris (1986), Monte Paschi, Siena (1988), etc. Among the main international projects: Great Egyptian Museum, Cairo (2002, third prize); MOMA Warsaw (2007, Honorable Mention); John Paul II Center, Krakow (2007, special mention); Torre della Ricerca, Padua (2008, fourth prize, in collaboration with Peter Eisenman); Museum of Judaism, Ferrara (2010, Special Mention). Main projects completed: Ghiaie Sports Area, Trento (1984-1998); Fortunato Depero Museum of Futurism, Rovereto (1992-2008); Gdańsk Shakespearean Theater (2004-2013). His projects are published in the main international magazines such as Casabella, Domus, Architectural Review, Detail, and have been exhibited at the Venice Biennale (1984, 1985, 1996, 2002, 2010 and 2016), Triennale di Milano, Accademia di San Luca, etc. Awards: Fritz Höger, Berlin, 2017; Architizer A, Belgium, 2016; Iconic Award, Monaco DB, 2015; Gold Medal, Milan, 2015, 2009; Golden Compass, Milan, 2015, 2011; Council of Europe, Landscape Award, 2009. Some significant publications: Il Cosmo della Bildung, Mimesis 2016; Unexpected Parma, MUP 2013; The Daìmon of Architecture, Mimesis 2014; John Hejduk, Incarnatio, Marsilio 2010; The Divine of the Landscape, Marsilio 2008; John Hejduk BRONX, Manual in verse, Mimesis 2020. He recently founded in Venice the Nuova Scuola Architettura, a free school that focuses on the urgency of a new (heretical) gaze at Architecture, a necessity which derives from the cultural abyss of our time. The Accademia Nazionale di San Luca in Rome is currently paying a tribute to his oeuvre in a grand exhibition of gypsum models and maquettes titled “eden-eden. Renato Rizzi”, which can be visited until March third, 2023.

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Ardizzola, Paola, i Joanna Grądzka. "Renato Rizzi". VITRUVIO - International Journal of Architectural Technology and Sustainability 7, nr 2 (30.12.2022): 4–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/vitruvio-ijats.2022.19041.

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Full Professor in Architectural Design at the Instituto Universitario di Architettura (IUAV) in Venice, he carries out an intense intellectual activity by connecting teaching, theory, research, and practice. Prize of the Italian Presidency of the Republic for architecture 2017, he has delivered seminars and lectures in some of the main universities including Harvard, UIC Chicago, ETH, etc. From 1984 to 1992 he collaborated with Peter Eisenman, New York, on the projects Romeo and Juliet, Verona (1986, Stone Lion, III Architecture Biennale of Venice), La Villette Park, Paris (1986), Monte Paschi, Siena (1988), etc. Among the main international projects: Great Egyptian Museum, Cairo (2002, third prize); MOMA Warsaw (2007, Honorable Mention); John Paul II Center, Krakow (2007, special mention); Torre della Ricerca, Padua (2008, fourth prize, in collaboration with Peter Eisenman); Museum of Judaism, Ferrara (2010, Special Mention). Main projects completed: Ghiaie Sports Area, Trento (1984-1998); Fortunato Depero Museum of Futurism, Rovereto (1992-2008); Gdańsk Shakespearean Theater (2004-2013). His projects are published in the main international magazines such as Casabella, Domus, Architectural Review, Detail, and have been exhibited at the Venice Biennale (1984, 1985, 1996, 2002, 2010 and 2016), Triennale di Milano, Accademia di San Luca, etc. Awards: Fritz Höger, Berlin, 2017; Architizer A, Belgium, 2016; Iconic Award, Monaco DB, 2015; Gold Medal, Milan, 2015, 2009; Golden Compass, Milan, 2015, 2011; Council of Europe, Landscape Award, 2009. Some significant publications: Il Cosmo della Bildung, Mimesis 2016; Unexpected Parma, MUP 2013; The Daìmon of Architecture, Mimesis 2014; John Hejduk, Incarnatio, Marsilio 2010; The Divine of the Landscape, Marsilio 2008; John Hejduk BRONX, Manual in verse, Mimesis 2020. He recently founded in Venice the Nuova Scuola Architettura, a free school that focuses on the urgency of a new (heretical) gaze at Architecture, a necessity which derives from the cultural abyss of our time. The Accademia Nazionale di San Luca in Rome is currently paying a tribute to his oeuvre in a grand exhibition of gypsum models and maquettes titled “eden-eden. Renato Rizzi”, which can be visited until March third, 2023.

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Shermer, Elizabeth Tandy. "Why the Garden Club Couldn't Save Youngstown: The Transformation of the Rust Belt. By Sean Safford. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2009. 212 pp. Tables, figures, appendix, references, index. Cloth, $29.95. ISBN: 978–0–674–03179–0." Business History Review 84, nr 1 (2010): 186–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680500001525.

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Campbell, Nancy D. "Don Lattin. The Harvard Psychedelic Club: How Timothy Leary, Ram Dass, Huston Smith, and Andrew Weil Killed the Fifties and Ushered in a New Age for America. New York: HarperCollins, 2010. 256 pp. $24.99 (cloth). ISBN 978-0-06-165593-7". Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences 46, nr 4 (wrzesień 2010): 412–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhbs.20458.

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BARAN, Zoya. "National question in Poland: according to the survey of the Warsaw periodical Kurjer Polski (1924)". Problems of slavonic studies 70 (2021): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/sls.2021.70.3736.

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Background. At the beginning of the 1920’s, after establishing the borders of the restored Polish State, its eastern territories were dominated by the Ukrainian, Belarusian and Lithuanian populations, and in the western part, a significant percentage were Germans. Accordingly, the state faced the problem of developing a constructive policy towards national minorities. Purpose. The article analyzes the attitude of the Polish intellectual elite to the prob-lem of national minorities, whose opinions were partially reflected in a poll conducted in July and August 1924 by the liberal Warsaw newspaper “Kurjer Polski”. The discussion intensified, in particular, due to the expiration of the government’s commitment to give Eastern Galicia autonomy, the preparation of a government law on education (known as Lex Grabski). Results. The opening of a Ukrainian university was a part of the problem. At the request of the government, the academic community of the Jagiellonian University expressed its views in June, which generally welcomed the idea of opening a separate Ukrainian university in Lviv, Warsaw or Krakow. “Kurjer Polski” published reflections of intellectuals representing different regions of the country and political currents: socialists (A. Śliwiński – Warsaw), nationalists (S. Bukowiecki – Vilno), conservatives (Fr. Bossowsky, T. Dembowsky – Vilno; E. Hauswald – Lviv ). The basis for solving the problem at that time, most authors called the provisions of the March 1921 Constitution on the main democratic rights of citizens, unanimously called for creating opportunities for cultural and national development of national minorities, hoping for the consolidation of the state. It was emphasized the need to take into account the individual characteristics of each minority and regional specifics. In particular, E. Hauswald considered the experience of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy of the early twentieth century as an example of solving the problem (Moravian Compensation 1905 and The Bukovinian Compromise 1910). Quite controversial about the essence of Belarusian (Belarusians are not a nation that encompasses all segments of society, but only the mass of the peasantry is devoid of any political ambitions; Belarusian language is a set of dialects that makes a gradual transition from Russian to Polish; literary Belarusian lan-guage is artificially created, the population does not understand it) and Ukrainian (did not deny the existence of political ambitions, but emphasized the significant differences in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia and dependence on external support) national movements were the reflections of Fr. Bossovsky, who, however, supported the idea of granting national minorities freedom of cultural development. Lviv lawyer J. Makarewicz (representative of the Christian Democrats) called for a policy of state assimilation towards Ukrainians and Belarusians, tactics of “state indifference” towards Jews, Russians and Germans. However, despite the existence of such ideas in the Polish intellectual environment, government circles have chosen the concept of a unitary mono-national state. As early as July 1924, a law on education was passed, many articles of which were aimed at discriminating against national minorities. And further changes in the political life of the country only exacerbated the problem, which was not solved throughout the interwar period. Keywords: Fr. Bossowski, S. Bukowiecki, T. Dembowski, interwar Poland, E. Hauswald, Kurjer Polski, J. Makarewicz, national question, A. Śliwiński. A never-extinguishing volcano, 1924. Kurjer Polski, May 31, р.2. (In Polish) Announcement of the National Electoral Commission on November 24, 1930, s. 1. [online] Avialable at: http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/ WMP19302720369/ O/M19300369. pdf [Accessed 15 march 2021]. (In Polish) Baran, Z., 1998. On the question of the agrarian policy of the governments of interwar Poland towards Western Ukraine. Visnyk of the Lviv University, 33. Series History. Lviv, pp.146–153. (In Ukrainian) Baran, Z., 2011. Julian Makarevich’s socio-political views. In: Historical sights of Galicia. Proceedings of the fifth scientific conference on local history, 12 november 2010. Lviv, рр.188–198. (In Ukrainian) Bezuk, O., 2019. The reaction of the Western Ukrainian and world community to the death of Olga Levitska-Basarab. In: The modern movement of science: theses add. VII In-ternational Scientific and Practical Internet Conference, 6–7 june 2019. Dnipro, pp.75–81. (In Ukrainian) Bojarski, Р., 2015. Piłsudski’s May Coup in commentaries of “Dziennik Wileński” journalists. The Scientific Journals of the Learned Society of Ostrołęka, 29, рр.101–114. (In Polish) Bohachevsky-Chomiak, М., 1981. The Ukrainian university in Galicia. Harvard Ukrainian Studies, 5(4). Published by Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute, pp.497–545. (In English) Bossowski, F., 1924. Any irritating policy must be abandoned. Kurjer Polski, August 24, р.3. (In Polish) Bukowiecki, S., 1922. The policy of independent Poland. Essay of the program. War-saw: Ignis S.A. (In Polish) Bukowiecki, S., 1924. Providing cultural development for minorities unites them with the State. Kurjer Polski, July 4, р.2. (In Polish) Czekaj, К., 2011. Artur Śliwiński (1877–1953). Politician, publicist, historian. Warsaw. (In Polish) Dąbrowski, P., 2020. Belarussian and Jewish issues in the political and legal thought of polish groups in Vilnius in the first years of independence – selected issues. Studia juridica Lublinensia, 29(4). Pomeranian University in Slupsk, pp.59–70. (In English) Dembowski, T., 1924. May everyone in Poland be fine. Kurjer Polski, August 10, р.4. (In Polish) Do you know who it is?, 1938. S. Łozа, ed. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Głównej księgarni wojskowej. [online] Avialable at: https://prokuratoria.gov.pl/index.php?p=m&idg=m3,113 [Accessed 23 march 2021] (In Polish) Hauswald, Е., 1924. It is necessary to adhere to the principles of fairness and compre-hensive tolerance. Kurjer Polski, August 7, р.2. (In Polish) Hud, B., 2018. From the history of ethnosocial conflicts. Ukrainians and Poles in the Dnieper region, Volhynia and Eastern Galicia in the XIX–first half of the XX century. Harkiv: Akta. (In Ukrainian) Holzer, J. 1974. Political mosaic of the Second Polish Republic. Warsaw: Książka і Wiedza. (In Polish) Jászi, O., 1929. The Dissolution of the Habsburg Monarchy. Chicago–Illinois: The University of Chicago Press. [online] Avialable at: https://ia801603.us.archive.org/33/ items/in.ernet.dli.2015.151077/2015.151077.The-Dissolution-Of-The-Habsburg Monar-chy.pdf [Accessed 15 march 2021]. (In English) Kakareko, A., 2002. To restore the state myth: reception of the Jagiellonian heritage in the environment of the Club of Tramps Seniors in Vilnius in the 1930s. In: Poles and neighbors – distances and the interpenetration of cultures: a collection of studies, part 3. R. Wapiński, еd. Ostaszewo Gdańskie: Stepan design. (In Polish) Krykun, M. and Zashkilnyak, L., 2002. History of Poland. From ancient times to the present days. Lviv: Ivan Franko National University in Lviv. (in Ukrainian). Krzywobłocka, B., 1974. Christian Democrats 1918–1937. Warsaw: Książka і Wiedza. (In Polish) Kurjer Polski, 1924a. May 21. (In Polish) Kurjer Polski, 1924b. May 23. (In Polish) Kurjer Polski, 1924c. July 4. (In Polish) Makarewicz, J., 1924. Minorities. Lviv: Chrześcijańska Spółka Wydawnicza, 1924. (In Polish) Malycka, K., 1924. About Olga Levitsky Bessarabova. Dilo. February 23. (In Ukraini-an) Minutes of a conference held 11–12 july 1924, at the polish Ministry of Religions and Education, 1981. In: Bohachevsky-Chomiak, М., 1981. The Ukrainian university in Gali-cia. Harvard Ukrainian Studies, 5(4). Published by Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute, doc.3, pp.524–527. (In Polish) More than independence, 2001. Polish political thought 1918–1939. J. Jachymek and W. Paruch, ed. science. Lublin: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. (In Polish) Mudryj, V., 1948. Ukrainian University in Lviv in 1921–1925. Nurenberg: Czas. (In Ukrainian) National-State Union, 1922. Program declaration. June 28. [online] Avialable at: https://polona.pl/item/deklaracja-programowa-inc-polska-jako-narod-ani-na-chwile-nie-przestawala-istniec,NjIxNjY2NzE/0/#info:metadata [Accessed 15 march 2021]. (In Polish) Orman, E., 1989–1991. Rosner Ignacy Juliusz (1865–1926). Polish Biographical Dictionary, Vol.32. Romiszewski Aleksander – Rudowski Jan. Wrocław: National Institute of Ossolińskich – Publishing House of the Polish Academy of Sciences, рр.106–110. [online] Avialable at: https://www.ipsb.nina.gov.pl/ a/biografia/ignacy-juliusz-rosner [Ac-cessed 3 december 2021] (In Polish) Renner, K., 2005. State and nation (1899). In: National Cultural Autonomy and its Contemporary Critics. Ephraim Nimni, ed. London and New York: Routledge, рр.13–40. (In English) Reports of the faculties at the Jagellonian about the plans for Ukrainian university studies, 1981. In: Bohachevsky-Chomiak, М., 1981. The Ukrainian university in Galicia. Harvard Ukrainian Studies, 5(4). Published by Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute, doc.2, pp.521–524. (In Polish) Shabuldo, F.M., 2004. The Union of Horodło 1413. Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine: Vol.2: G-D. Kyiv: Naukova Dumka. [online] Avialable at: http://www.history. org.ua/?termin=Gorodelska_uniya_1413 [Accessed 15 march 2021] (In Ukrainian) Shvaguliak, M., 2013. Historical studies. Ukrainians at the crossroads and sharp turns of history (second half of the XIX – first half of the XX century). Lviv: Triada plus. (In Ukrainian) Smith, A. D., 1994. National Identity. Translate from English by P. Tarashchuk. Kyiv: Osnovy. (In Ukrainian) Stourzh, G., 2019. Equality of nationalities in the constitution and public administration of Austria (1848–1918). S. Paholkiv, ed. Lviv: Piramida. (In Ukrainian) Śliwiński, А., 1924. Nationalist chauvinism is the greatest obstacle to solving the matter. Kurjer Polski, August 19, р.4. (In Polish) The results of the census, 1910. Vom 31. In the Kingdoms and Countries represented in the Imperial Council – The summary results of the census. [online] Avialable at: https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=ost&datum =0001&page=168 [Ac-cessed 12 april 2021]. (In German) Zashkilnyak, L., 1997. Genesis and consequences of the Ukrainian-Polish normaliza-tion in 1935. In: Poland and Ukraine – the Alliance of 1920 and its aftermath. Materials from the scientific conference “Poland and Ukraine – the Alliance of 1920 and its after-math”. Toruń, on November 16–18, 1995. Toruń, рр.431–454. (In Ukrainian)

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Havens, Earle. "Schwarz, Arthur L. Vivat Rex! An Exhibition Commemorating the 500th Anniversary of the Accession of Henry VIII. New York: The Grolier Club in collaboration with the Folger Shakespeare Library, Houghton Library of the Harvard College Library, The Morgan Library and Museum, 2009. x, 236 pp. Illus. Paper, Price not given (isbn 1-60583-017-8)." Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America 104, nr 3 (wrzesień 2010): 405–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/680959.

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Piller, Sarah, i Siegfried Nagel. "Environmental sustainability in Swiss sports federations – A case study on agenda setting, policy formulation and decision making processes". Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS) 8, nr 2 (14.02.2023): 027. http://dx.doi.org/10.36950/2023.2ciss027.

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Introduction Nonprofit sports organisations are valuable sports providers in most European countries. In 2017, there were over 60 million European active sports club members (Nagel et al., 2020). Through the consumption behaviour of this great number of people practicing sports, sport might have a negative impact on the environment (McCullough et al., 2020). Therefore, national sports federations (NSFs), overarching the sports clubs and engaging in sports policy issues, could be crucial when it comes to taking measures concerning the environmental sustainability of sports. Indeed, several NSFs have already launched programmes for environmental sustainability (e.g. Swiss Hang- and Paragliding Association [SHV]). This might be somehow surprising, since the nonprofit organised sport is traditionally primarily committed to the interests of its members and the sport as its core business (Thiel & Mayer, 2009). Thus, the following study addresses the questions, to what extend policies of environmental sustainability appear on the agendas of NSFs and which driving factors are relevant for its agenda setting, formulation and subsequent decision making. Knowledge about those processes is especially important since they are prerequisites for the implementation of environmental policies. Literature review and theoretical background Concerning nonprofit sports organisations and sustainable development, especially the field of social sustainability (e.g. Nagel et al., 2020) has been widely researched. Environmental sustainability however has only limitedly been analysed in this context. Describing the current state of commitment of NSFs to environmental sustainability, it has been found that Belgian NSFs show a rather low commitment, whereas low-intensity initiatives (e.g. recycling of sport equipment) constitute the majority of the identified actions (Hugaerts et al., 2022). The same pattern could be shown in Scandinavia. Sandvik and Seippel (2022) explain this partly with the absence of NSFs’ perceived urgence of environmental problems with direct consequences for the associations’ activities and the lack of institutional pressures. However, so far, there is hardly any knowledge about which factors are relevant for environmental policies being set on NSFs’ agendas, formulated, and decided upon, even though those processes are important as they precede the actual implementation of policies. Considering agenda setting, policy formulation and decision making processes, this study is based on the Multiple Streams Approach with two coupling phases (MSA) of Herweg et al. (2015). For “an ideas’ time to come”, the approach identifies the coupling of three different processes as important. Policies arise, when issues are perceived as problematic (problem stream; e.g. image issues) and depend on the political context of the policy and agenda (political stream, e.g. composition of board). The policy stream contains existing ideas and enables the survival of certain ideas (e.g. idea of developing a climate strategy). Finally, policy entrepreneurs’ agency is necessary to couple the streams and create agenda windows, which allow items to rise onto the decision agenda. In a following second phase, the re-coupling of the same streams and engagement of policy entrepreneurs enables policies to be formulated, decided upon, and eventually be implemented. Methods To observe those processes, we decided to conduct an in-depth qualitative case study with a NSF, that has recently discussed, formulated, and decided upon environmental policies. Since the hang- and paragliding sport is depending on a natural environment affected by climate change, the SHV seemed to be an interesting case for our study, where such processes might already have taken place. The association is committed to the interests and sustainable practice of free flight. It has 112 club and 20,000 individual members, maintains an office with 14 employees and is headed by a board of directors, currently with seven members. Document- and archive entries allowed us a first overview of existing measures of environmental sustainability and the appearance of the topic on the NSF’s agenda. We conducted semi-structured expert interviews with six decision makers of the SHV and with a representative of the umbrella organisation of the Swiss sports system to gain a deeper understanding of the agenda setting, formulation and decision making of environmental policies in the SHV. We then applied causation coding (Miles et al., 2020) to analyse the data, considering a data-led as well as a theory-based coding process along the concept of the MSA. Findings The SHV's commitment to environmental sustainability is based primarily on two pillars: the protection of biodiversity and access to nature on one hand and climate commitment on the other. Whereas voluntary agreements about wildlife rest areas have been made since 1995, climate protection policies are broadly discussed as a part of the strategy and implemented on an operative basis in different departments since the creation of the position of an environmental officer in 2017. If not forced by external political pressure (e.g. flight restrictions), the agenda setting of environmental sustainability (e.g. climate commitment) in the SHV seems to be pushed primarily by the engagement of individual policy entrepreneurs. Policy entrepreneurs thereby mainly highlight the importance of addressing the issue to ensure the long-term survival of the sport and the association (problem stream). The perceived member interests seem to be able to facilitate or impede the agenda setting of the topic (political stream). Nevertheless, members do not appear to be the central entrepreneurs when it comes to actively promoting policies of environmental sustainability onto the agenda. The ideas for such policies rather seem to be found in the practice of similar other NSFs (policy stream). The board of management seems to be less crucial for this process of agenda setting. When it comes to formulation and decision making however, the importance of the board of management is structurally implied. Even though the General Assembly approves amendments and the management of the board, the latter issues directives. Since members of the board do not yet seem to have the necessary knowledge about environmental sustainability to feel competent enough to make the required decisions, thorough information provided by the environmental officers appears to be important. Actors of the association describe policy formulation as a long process, where, in order to make the members of the board feel comfortable enough to make decisions, policies of environmental sustainability “must become a topic first over time”. When it comes to decision making about environmental policies, the (political) background of the members of the board are crucial and can promote or hinder certain decisions. Nevertheless, after getting enough information, suggestions from the administrative office are mostly accepted. Discussion Therefore, engaged policy entrepreneurs seem to be crucial for agenda setting, formulation and, through the impact of their suggestions, decision making processes of environmental policies in the SHV. Policy entrepreneurs do show engagement for their favoured policies even if they are not responsible for that specific topic in the association, but the structural implication of positions in connection with sport- and socio-political developments can additionally promote environmental policies. Even though the agenda setting of such policies does not seem to be a bottom-up process, consistent with the understanding of NSFs as interest-oriented organisations, perceived member interests are central in all three processes. Thereby functional objectives (e.g. enabling sport) are predominant to normative reasons (e.g. environmental responsibility). Furthermore, there seem to be processes that might be explained by the concept of mimetic isomorphism (DiMaggio & Powell, 1983), i.e. the orientation towards practices of similar NSFs in order to gain legitimacy. This pilot study allows an in-depth investigation and enables a first review of the used theoretical and methodological approach. It identifies crucial factors when promoting the agenda setting, formulation and decision making for environmental sustainability in NSFs and utilising the potential of the nonprofit organised sports setting and its leverage in society. It is presented as part of a broader follow-up multiple case study with eight NSFs and a cross-case comparison. Further research must be conducted to allow statements about other types of NSFs (e.g. other types of professionalisation, indoor sports) and further stages of the policy cycle, i.e. the implementation of the policies. References DiMaggio, P. J., & Powell, W. W. (1983). The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields. American Sociological Review, 48(2), 147–160. Herweg, N., Huss, C., & Zohlnhöfer, R. (2015). Straightening the three streams: Theorising extensions of the multiple streams framework. European Journal of Political Research, 54(3), 435–449. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12089 Hugaerts, I., Scheerder, J., Zeimers, G., Corthouts, J., van de Sype, C., & Könecke, T. (2022). Are sport organisations environmentally sustainable? A website analysis of sport federations in Belgium. European Sport Management Quarterly. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2022.2093391 McCullough, B. P., Orr, M., & Watanabe, N. M. (2020). Measuring externalities: The imperative next step to sustainability assessment in sport. Journal of Sport Management, 34(5), 393–402. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2019-0254 Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2020). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (4th ed.). SAGE. Nagel, S., Elmose-Østerlund, K., Ibsen, B., & Scheerder, J. (Eds.). (2020). Functions of Sports Clubs in European Societies: A Cross-National Comparative Study. Springer. Sandvik, M. R., & Seippel, Ø. (2022). Framing of environmental issues in voluntary sport organizations. Environmental Politics. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2022.2075152 Thiel, A., & Mayer, J. (2009). Characteristics of voluntary sports clubs management: A sociological perspective. European Sport Management Quarterly, 9(1), 81-98. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184740802461744

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Anna Kossowska, Jacek Krawczyk i Irena Rzeplińska. "Deviant Behavior n Warsaw Youth in 1993". Archives of Criminology, nr XXI (22.07.1995): 81–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.7420/ak1995c.

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1. The findings discussed in the paper have been obtained within an international research project aimed at comparing the extent of self-reported deviant behavior of youth 11 West-European countries (Finland, England, Nord Ireland the Netherland, Germany, Belgium, Switzerland, portugal, Greece, Spain and Italy), the United States and New Zealand. The questionnaire ultimately used in all countries participating in the project resulted from long negotiations and was in fact a compromise. It contained questions about both the respondents’ deviant behavior and their social situation with consideration to variables of importance from the viewpoint of the theory of social control. Deviant behavior was divided into the following six groups: l) behavior manifesting social maladjustment (as.e.g. truancy or stealing rides); 2) destruction of objects (vandalism); 3) appropriation of another person’s property; 4) aggressive behavior; 5) alcohol consumption; and 6) drug taking and selling. Examined were young people from Warsaw, born in the years 197l‒1978; the sample consisted of 701 persons aged 14‒21 at the time of the survey. At the moment of the interview, 80.5 % of respondents either had a job or went to school. Most respondents (65.9%) stated they were on good terms with their father. Even a greater proportion of 88.5% were on good terms with their mother. Ten percent of the sample had no contacts whatever with their father, and a much smaller proportion (2.3%) ‒ with their mother. Apart from 42 persons, respondents stated they had real friends; over a half had one to three such friends. The rest mentioned larger groups as their friends. Forty-seven percent had a girl- or boyfriend; two-thirds would like the relationship to last. Of the examined 363 boys, 84.8% had played truant from school at least once for one day. The proportion tended to grow bigger with respondents’ age. It showed a regular upward trend from 50% among the14-year-olds to 100% among boys of 23. Of the examined 383 girls, played truant, with the proportion reaching its peak value of l00% among the 2l-year-olds, and showing an upward trend from 33.3% among the 14-year-olds to 97.4% among girls of 19. Another widespread phenomenon was stealing rides on city buses, trolley buses, or trams. Those who had stolen a ride at least once constituted 95.9% of the boys and 89.3% of the girls. Stealing rides on trains or intercity buses was much less widespread. It was admitted by 35.8% of the boys and 22% of the girls. Driving a car or motorcycle without a license or a motorbike without a bicycle permit was admitted by 52.6% of the boys and 29.9% of the girls. A further act we inquired about was painting or spraying walls, buses, bus seats and stops, etc. Such acts were admitted by 22.9% of the boys and 12.7% of the girls. Still another group of acts qualified as vandalism includes acts that result in destruction of or damage to property. The largest group of both boyg and girls tend to vandalise school furniture (22.3% of the boys and 13% of the girls), as well as trees, bushes and flowers in parks and squares (18.2 and 10.1% respectively). Asked whether they had ever carried any weapon, such as a knife, club, knuckle-duster, or gas pistol, 43.3% of the boys and 26.6% of the girls answered in the affirmative. Relatively large were the proportions of boys (25.9%) and girls (10.7%) who had ever participated in brawls or group disturbances in a public place. A proportion of 7.2% of the boys and 1.8% of the girls admitted having beaten a stranger. Cases of beating a family member were occasional: they were admitted by 1.4% of the boys and 0.6% of the girls. Also a small proportion of 3.3% of the boys and 1.3% of the girls admitted having wounded another person with a knife, club or another weapon. Intentional arson was admitted by 5.5% of the boys and 1.2% of the girls. Offenses against property or acts consisting in appropriation of property without the knowledge or consent of its owner were related frequent in the sample. Of the 702 young persons, 55.1% had committed at least one of the listed fourteen categories of acts. This proportion is rather big the fact considered that average young people were examined. Of the 14 categories of acts against property consisting in its appropriation, the youth most often admitted shoplifting, purchasing stolen property, breaking and entering, and thefts at school. Questions relating to drugs concerned two points: the taking of drugs and their selling by respondents. The drugs inquired about were divided into two categories, each of them asked about separately: marihuana and hashish (the first category); and home-made poppy straw brew, heroin, cocaine and LSD (the second category). A proportion of 16.5% admitted having ever taken marihuana or hashish. Boys admitted this behawior more often than girls (with proportions of boys and girls balanced in the sample): every fifth boy and every eighth girl had experiences with this category of drugs. A much smaller proportion of 2% admitted having ever taken the second category of drugs. Answers stating that the respondent had ever taken marihuana or hashish were evenly distributed in the sample and tended to become more frequent with age. The declared use of the second category of drugs was very rare and evenly distributed in age groups from 16 to 21. Ten persons, among them 9 boys, admitted having sold marihuana or hashish. Most were aged 16‒18, that is still went to school. They stated that the police had never learned about their doings. Four persons admitted having sold the second category of drugs. They had sold amphetamine, cocaine, or psychedelic drugs in their neighborhood. None had been caught at the act. Asked, “Have you ever drunk beer, wine, vodka or another alcoholic beverage?”, nearly the entire sample (95.9% of the boys and 94.7% of the girls) answered in the affirmative. Asked about the age of their first contact with alcohol, 3.7% mentioned the age of under ten; 19.8% ‒10‒14; 48.3% ‒ 14‒16; and 17.l% ‒ 17‒21. The proportion of respondents who had happened to get drunk at least once was 56.3%. Asked about drinking during the year preceding the survey, 93.6% said they had drunk in that period; 50.3% admitted having drunk on up to 10 occasions, 18.1% ‒ on ll‒24 occasions, 10.6% ‒ on 25‒50 occasions, and 20.9% ‒ on over 50 occasions. The last time before the survey, the respondents drank: beer (43.8%), vodka (35.6%), wine (27.6%), and long drinks (10%). A majority of 86.5% drank in the company of others; under 10% had one companion, two-thirds of the rest drank in a group of 2‒10 persons, and the remaining ‒ in a larger company. In the international survey, national samples were examined in four countries (Switzerland, England and Wales, Portugal, and the Netherlands). In Spain, the survey concerned a large national urban sample. Examined in further two countries (Germany and North Ireland) were random samples from specific cities (Mannheim and Belfast respectively). Four other countries decided to examine a random sample of school youth from a specific city (Helsinki; three ltalian cities: Genova, Messina and Siena; Liege). The United States and New Zealand were left out from comparisons. Thus in principle the findings to be compared were not necessarily comparable. Yet it seems advisable to discuss the general trends shown in national surveys. What, therefore, are the similarities and dissimilarities between Poland and Western Europe? As regards the incidence of delinquency, considerable similarities can be noticed between findings of all national surveys but the English one. In surveys of city samples (those of school youth included), significant similarity can be noticed in the extent of delinquent acts “ever committed” by the young of Warsaw, Helsinki, and Athens. As regards the extent of acts committed “during last year”, the findings obtained in Warsaw are highly similar to those for Helsinki. In Athens, instead, the greatest extent of juvenile delinquency of all examined cities was found. A comparison of acts committed “during last year” indicates a similar intensity of offenses against property among the youth of Warsaw, Belfast, and Liege; as compared to Warsaw, a much greater extent of there offences is found in Helsinki and of Swiss youth, and a decidedly smaller one - in the English and Italian sample. Submitting offenses against property to a closer analysis, one notices that the Polish youth relatively more often commit acts consisting in “breaking and entering” as compared c.g. to young people in England, the Netherlands, or Finland: this type of act was committed at least once by 20.7% of the Polish sample, by 14.9% of the youth of Helsinki, by 3.4% of the English youth, and by 6.9% of the young Dutch. The extent of acts related to drugs (taking and trafficking), among Warsaw youth is similar to that among the young of Portugal and Helsinki, somewhat lower than among the Dutch and Spanish youth, much lower than among the English, Swiss, and Belfast young people, but higher than among the youth of Mannheim, Liege, Athens and the three Italian cities.

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Confino, Edmond, Richard H. Demir, Jan Friberg i Norbert Gleicher. "Does cyclic human chorionic gonadotropin secretion indicate embryo loss in in vitro fertilization?*†‡*The International Collaborators for this study were Benjamin G. Brackett, M.D., Ph.D., The University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, Jairo Garcia, M.D., Suheil Muasher, M.D., Anibal A. Acosta, M.D., Mason C. Andrews, M.D., Gary Hodgen, Ph.D., Zev Rosenwaks, M.D., Georgeanna Seegar Jones, M.D., Howard W. Jones, Jr., M.D., Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA, Robert H. Glass, M.D., Mary C. Martin, M.D., Pramila Dandekar, M.SC., University of California, San Francisco, California, USA, Vesselko Grizelj, M.D., Ph.D., University Medical School of Zagreb, Zagreb, Yugoslavia, George Henry, M.D., Jon Van Blerkom, M.D., Barbara J. Corn, R.N., Reproductive Genetics, In Vitro, P.C., Denver, Colorado, USA, Aarne Koskimies, M.D., Markku Seppala, M.D., Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland, David Magyar, M.D., Robert J. Sokol, M.D., Patricia A. Rogus, R.N., Hutzel Hospital, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA, H.W. Michelmann, M.D., L. Mettler, M.D., Universitats Frauenklinik, Kiel, German Federal Republic, Jean Parinaud, Ph.D., Georges Pontonnier, M.D., Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, Toulouse, France, E. van Roosendaal, M.D., R. Schoysman, M.D., Academisch Zeikenhuis Vrije Universiteit, Brussels, Belgium, Melvin Taymor, M.D., Beth Israel Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, Raimund Winter, M.D., Geburtshilfliche Gynakologische Universitatsklinik Graz, Austria, Richard J. Worley, M.D., William R. Keye, Jr., M.D., University of Utah Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, John L. Yovich, M.D., University of Western Australia, Subiaco, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.†Supported by the Foundation for Reproductive Medicine, Inc., Chicago, Illinois.‡Presented in part in Future Aspects in Human In Vitro Fertilization Congress, Vienna, Austria, April 2 to 4, 1986, and the Forty-Second Annual Meeting of The American Fertility Society and the Eighteenth Annual Meeting of The Canadian Fertility and Andrology Society, Toronto, Canada, September 27 to October 2, 1986." Fertility and Sterility 46, nr 5 (listopad 1986): 897–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0015-0282(16)49831-6.

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Confino, Edmond, Richard H. Demir, Jan Friberg i Norbert Gleicher. "The predictive value of hCG β subunit levels in pregnancies achieved by in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer: an international collaborative study**Supported by the Foundation for Reproductive Medicine, Inc., Chicago, Illinois.††The International Investigators in collaboration for this study were Benjamin G. Brackett, M.D., Ph.D., The University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Jairo Garcia, M.D., Suheil Muasher, M.D., Anibal A. Acosta, M.D., Mason C. Andrews, M.D., Gary Hodgen, Ph.D., Zev Rosenwaks, M.D., Georgeanna Seegar Jones, M.D., and Howard W. Jones, Jr., M.D., Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia; Robert H. Glass, M.D., Mary C. Martin, M.D., and Pramila Dandekar, M.Sc., University of California, San Francisco, California; Vesselko Grizelj, M.D., Ph.D., University Medical School of Zagreb, Zagreb, Yugoslavia; George Henry, M.D., Jon Van Blerkom, M.D., and Barbara J. Corn, R.N., Reproductive Genetics, In Vitro, P.C., Denver, Colorado; Aarne Koskimies, M.D., and Markku Seppälä, M.D., Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; David Magyar, M.D., Robert J. Sokol, M.D., and Patricia A. Rogus, R.N., Hutzel Hospital, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; H. W. Michelmann, M.D., and L. Mettler, M.D., Universitats Frauenklinik, Kiel, German Federal Republic; Jean Parinaud, Ph.D., and Georges Pontonnier, M.D., Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Toulouse, France; E. van Roosendaal, M.D., and R. Schoysman, M.D., Academisch Ziekenhuis Vrije Universiteit, Brussels, Belgium; Melvin Taymor, M.D., Beth Israel Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Raimund Winter, M.D., Geburtshilflich-Gynakologische Universitatsklinik Graz, Graz, Austria; Richard J. Worley, M.D., and William R. Keye, Jr., M.D., University of Utah Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; and John L. Yovich, F.R.A.C.O.G., University of Western Australia, Subiaco, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.‡‡Presented at The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists District VI Annual Meeting, September 25 to 28, 1985, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; the 41st Annual Meeting of The American Fertility Society, September 28 to October 2, 1985, Chicago, Illinois; and the 4th World Conference on In Vitro Fertilization, November 18 to 22, 1985, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia." Fertility and Sterility 45, nr 4 (kwiecień 1986): 526–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0015-0282(16)49282-4.

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Figueira, Sergio Augusto Leite. "METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SOCCER INITIATION IN ANDERLECHT - BELGIUM". Revista Brasileira do Esporte Coletivo 4, nr 1 (1.07.2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.51359/2527-0885.2020.246530.

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Introduction: RSC Anderlecht, a Belgian club, was founded in 1908 and headquartered in Anderlecht, a municipality in the Brussels region (Capital of Belgium) and is the most successful football club in that country. In its formation, Anderlecht became a legend far beyond the Belgian borders. Objective: To describe and disseminate the methodological paths used in the practice of soccer, in grassroots categories in RSC Anderlecht - Belgium. Method: This study was a descriptive experience report. Discussion: At Anderlecht, the training process for young athletes comes close to an active methodology, where physical, technical and tactical activities are always linked to cognitive issues, always seeking to develop the intelligence and creativity of these individuals. Conclusion: It is concluded that there is a dynamic and transversal methodology within the RSC Anderlecht, which seeks at the end of each cycle an evaluation, re-planning and redirection of all methodology that follows in an institution that values the initiation and development process of the individual in soccer. This means always seeking to update based on the evolution of methodological and pedagogical theories, finding answers and seeking new questions.

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"Pulmonary Hypertension Roundtable: The Role of Exercise in Clinical Practice and Clinical Trials". Advances in Pulmonary Hypertension 18, nr 2 (1.07.2019): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21693/1933-088x-18.2.63.

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On May 20, 2019, Guest Editor Ronald Oudiz, MD, Director of the Pulmonary Hypertension Program at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center in Los Angeles, California, led a discussion with Aaron Waxman, MD, PhD, Director of the Center for Pulmonary Heart Disease at Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts, and Robert Naeije, MD, Professor Emeritus at the Free University of Brussels, Belgium.

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Kafurina, Anastasiia, i Tetiana Rodionova. "STRUCTURE AND EFFICIENCY OF INVESTMENTS IN THE SPORTS INDUSTRY OF THE COUNTRIES (EXAMPLE OF THE GERMAN ECONOMY)". Market Infrastructure, nr 55 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.32843/infrastruct55-2.

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In the last thirty years sport is turning into business and football clubs are developing into large corporations. Sports industry has been becoming not just more exciting but also highly lucrative. The value of professional football sector is estimated to be about 8 billion euros. Even more investors see sports leagues or football clubs as profitable investments. For instance, European Super League can be taken, which could have been more profitable for investors than other competitions and attracted such sponsor as JPMorgan Chase. However, in the near future such project has no support from governments and other clubs and therefore has no future yet. One type of investment in the sports industry is the purchase of shares in sports clubs. Borussia Dortmund is a German football club, one of the most successful clubs in the world, which plays in the Bundesliga, the top tier of the German league system. Dortmund’s shares are listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange. Borussia is the only club in Germany and among approximately 25 clubs in the world, including few British and Italian clubs, whose shares are publicly traded. Even more clubs are considering going public to increase its capital. One of the biggest clubs in Belgium, Brugge examined such opportunity, though the club postponed their initial public offering because of the low demand. On the contrary, Ukrainian football club Veres started selling its shares in April 2021 and during the first day have received bids for the purchase of stocks for the amount of over 36 million hryvnas. However, the benefit for the investor might be only the increase of a share price as the club does not intend to pay out dividends. The article analyses the price of a club share for more than 20 years and historical dividends. Borussia’s stock is analysed using futures contracts. It also examines such indicators as return on invested capital (ROIC), weighted average cost of capital (WACC), return on assets (ROA), which are compared with those of Manchester United, Juventus, Lazio and Ajax. A model is being built to predict the stock price during COVID-19 and before the start of the pandemic to compare price fluctuations and model errors.

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