Artykuły w czasopismach: „Harmful algae”

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Hofbauer, Wolfgang Karl. "Toxic or Otherwise Harmful Algae and the Built Environment". Toxins 13, nr 7 (30.06.2021): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13070465.

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This article gives a comprehensive overview on potentially harmful algae occurring in the built environment. Man-made structures provide diverse habitats where algae can grow, mainly aerophytic in nature. Literature reveals that algae that is potentially harmful to humans do occur in the anthropogenic environment in the air, on surfaces or in water bodies. Algae may negatively affect humans in different ways: they may be toxic, allergenic and pathogenic to humans or attack human structures. Toxin-producing alga are represented in the built environment mainly by blue green algae (Cyanoprokaryota). In special occasions, other toxic algae may also be involved. Green algae (Chlorophyta) found airborne or growing on manmade surfaces may be allergenic whereas Cyanoprokaryota and other forms may not only be toxic but also allergenic. Pathogenicity is found only in a special group of algae, especially in the genus Prototheca. In addition, rare cases with infections due to algae with green chloroplasts are reported. Algal action may be involved in the biodeterioration of buildings and works of art, which is still discussed controversially. Whereas in many cases the disfigurement of surfaces and even the corrosion of materials is encountered, in other cases a protective effect on the materials is reported. A comprehensive list of 79 taxa of potentially harmful, airborne algae supplemented with their counterparts occurring in the built environment, is given. Due to global climate change, it is not unlikely that the built environment will suffer from more and higher amounts of harmful algal species in the future. Therefore, intensified research in composition, ecophysiology and development of algal growth in the built environment is indicated.

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Alexanin, Anatoly, Vasilii Kachur, Anastasiya Khramtsova i Tatiana Orlova. "Methodology and Results of Satellite Monitoring of Karenia Microalgae Blooms, That Caused the Ecological Disaster off Kamchatka Peninsula". Remote Sensing 15, nr 5 (22.02.2023): 1197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15051197.

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The environmental disaster in Kamchatka in the autumn of 2020 was caused by an extensive bloom of harmful microalgae of the genus Karenia. A spectral shape algorithm was used to detect algae on satellite imagery. The algorithm calibration of in situ species composition data made it possible to identify areas where harmful algae dominated in biomass. The algorithm allowed evaluation of the dynamics of the distribution of the algae. The state of phytoplankton was estimated based on images of the specific capacity of photosynthesis. Specific fluorescence is the ratio of the height of the fluorescence line (flh) to the concentration of chlorophyll-a (chl-a). The parameter was used to recognize the stages of the algal bloom: intensive growth, blooming, and change in the dominant algal species. In addition, an increase in the concentration of harmful substances in the coastal zone due to wind impact was analyzed. After analyzing the available data, the events that caused the ecological disaster can be summarized as follows. After the stage of intensive growth of microalgae, nutrient deficiency stimulated the production of metabolites that have a harmful effect on the environment. The change of the dominant alga species in the second half of September and the past storm contributed to a sharp increase in the concentration of metabolites and dead organic matter in the coastal zone, which caused an ecological disaster. The subsequent mass bloom of alga species of the same genus, and the regular wind impact leading to the concentration of harmful substances in the coastal zone, contributed to the development of this catastrophic phenomenon.

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Thomsen, Mads S., Thibaut de Bettignies, Thomas Wernberg, Marianne Holmer i Bastien Debeuf. "Harmful algae are not harmful to everyone". Harmful Algae 16 (kwiecień 2012): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2012.01.005.

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Roelke, Daniel L. "Ecology of Harmful Algae". Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 88, nr 30 (24.07.2007): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007eo300006.

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Fogg, G. E. "Harmful algae—a perspective". Harmful Algae 1, nr 1 (marzec 2002): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1568-9883(02)00002-1.

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Ahn, Jung Min, Jungwook Kim, Lan Joo Park, Jihye Jeon, Jaehun Jong, Joong-Hyuk Min i Taegu Kang. "Predicting Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms (CyanoHABs) in a Regulated River Using a Revised EFDC Model". Water 13, nr 4 (8.02.2021): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13040439.

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Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms (CyanoHABs) produce toxins and odors in public water bodies and drinking water. Current process-based models predict algal blooms by modeling chlorophyll-a concentrations. However, chlorophyll-a concentrations represent all algae and hence, a method for predicting the proportion of harmful cyanobacteria is required. We proposed a technique to predict harmful cyanobacteria concentrations based on the source codes of the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code from the National Institute of Environmental Research. A graphical user interface was developed to generate information about general water quality and algae which was subsequently used in the model to predict harmful cyanobacteria concentrations. Predictive modeling was performed for the Hapcheon-Changnyeong Weir–Changnyeong-Haman Weir section of the Nakdong River, South Korea, from May to October 2019, the season in which CyanoHABs predominantly occur. To evaluate the success rate of the proposed model, a detailed five-step classification of harmful cyanobacteria levels was proposed. The modeling results demonstrated high prediction accuracy (62%) for harmful cyanobacteria. For the management of CyanoHABs, rather than chlorophyll-a, harmful cyanobacteria should be used as the index, to allow for a direct inference of their cell densities (cells/mL). The proposed method may help improve the existing Harmful Algae Alert System in South Korea.

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Mitra, Aditee, i Kevin J. Flynn. "Promotion of harmful algal blooms by zooplankton predatory activity". Biology Letters 2, nr 2 (marzec 2006): 194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2006.0447.

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The relationship between algae and their zooplanktonic predators typically involves consumption of nutrients by algae, grazing of the algae by zooplankton which in turn enhances predator biomass, controls algal growth and regenerates nutrients. Eutrophication raises nutrient levels, but does not simply increase normal predator–prey activity; rather, harmful algal bloom (HAB) events develop often with serious ecological and aesthetic implications. Generally, HAB species are outwardly poor competitors for nutrients, while their development of grazing deterrents during nutrient stress ostensibly occurs too late, after the nutrients have largely been consumed already by fast-growing non-HAB species. A new mechanism is presented to explain HAB dynamics under these circumstances. Using a multi-nutrient predator–prey model, it is demonstrated that these blooms can develop through the self-propagating failure of normal predator–prey activity, resulting in the transfer of nutrients into HAB growth at the expense of competing algal species. Rate limitation of this transfer provides a continual level of nutrient stress that results in HAB species exhibiting grazing deterrents protecting them from top-down control. This process is self-stabilizing as long as nutrient demand exceeds supply, maintaining the unpalatable status of HABs; such events are most likely under eutrophic conditions with skewed nutrient ratios.

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Costa, Pedro Reis, António Marques i Jorge Diogène. "Marine Biotoxins and Seafood Poisoning". Toxins 11, nr 10 (24.09.2019): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11100558.

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Prevalence of marine biotoxins in seafood has been associated with increasing frequency, intensity, and duration of harmful algal blooms, and an increase of the geographical and temporal distribution of harmful algae [...]

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Akter, Liza, Md Akram Ullah, Mohammad Belal Hossain, Anu Rani Karmaker, Md Solaiman Hossain, Mohammed Fahad Albeshr i Takaomi Arai. "Diversity and Assemblage of Harmful Algae in Homestead Fish Ponds in a Tropical Coastal Area". Biology 11, nr 9 (9.09.2022): 1335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11091335.

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Algae are the naturally produced food for fish in any aquatic ecosystem and an indicator of a productive pond. However, excess abundance of harmful algae can have detrimental effects on fish health. In this study, the algal communities of 30 coastal homestead fish ponds were investigated to identify the diversity, assemblage and controlling environmental variables of harmful algae from a tropical coastal area. The findings showed that 81 of the 89 genera of identified algae were harmful, with the majority of them being in the classes of Cyanophyceae (50.81%), Chlorophyceae (23.75%), Bacillariophyceae (9.5%), and Euglenophyceae (8.47%). Microcystis spp. alone contributed 28.24% to the total abundance of harmful algae. Significant differences (p < 0.05) in algal abundance were found among the ponds with the highest abundance (470 ± 141.74 × 103 cells L−1) at pond (S25) near agricultural fields and the lowest abundance (109.33 ± 46.91 × 103 cells L−1) at pond (S14) which was lacking sufficient sunlight and nutrients. Diversity indices, e.g., dominance (D), evenness (J′), richness (d) and Shannon diversity index (H′) ranged from 0.17 to 0.44, 0.23 to 0.6, 0.35 to 2.23 and 0.7 to 1.79, respectively, indicating a moderate range of diversity and community stability. Community composition analysis showed the assemblage was dominated by Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae and Bacillariophyceae, whereas, multivariate cluster analyses (CA) identified 11 major clusters. To identify the factors controlling their distribution or community assemblages, eight environmental variables (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), salinity, transparency, nitrates, phosphates and sulphate) were measured. ANOVA analysis showed that the variables significantly differed (p < 0.05) among the ponds, and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) demonstrated that DO, nitrates, phosphates, sulphates, salinity and transparency have the most impact on the abundance of algal genera. In addition, analyses with Pearson’s correlation coefficient showed that the abundance of total algae, diversity and community were mainly governed by phosphates and sulphates. These results can be used to identify and control these toxic algal groups in the local aquaculture sector.

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Havens, Karl. "The Future of Harmful Algal Blooms in Florida Inland and Coastal Waters". EDIS 2018, nr 1 (26.02.2018): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-sg153-2018.

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Microscopic algae in oceans and inland waters sometimes grow to excessive levels called “blooms.” Warmer water temperatures and increased nutrient levels exacerbate blooms, and when nutrients are high, temperature increases of just a few degrees cause exponential increases of algae and blooms. This 4-page fact sheet written by Karl Havens and published by the Florida Sea Grant College Program and UF/IFAS Extension explains why algal blooms can be harmful and provides advice for communities seeking to reduce nutrient levels in their lakes, streams, and other bodies of water. In a warmer future, harmful algal blooms will be much more challenging to control than they are today. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/sg153

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Chin Chwan Chuong, Jeremy Jason, Mahbubur Rahman, Nadiah Ibrahim, Lee Yook Heng, Ling Ling Tan i Asmat Ahmad. "Harmful Microalgae Detection: Biosensors versus Some Conventional Methods". Sensors 22, nr 9 (20.04.2022): 3144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093144.

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In the last decade, there has been a steady stream of information on the methods and techniques available for detecting harmful algae species. The conventional approaches to identify harmful algal bloom (HAB), such as microscopy and molecular biological methods are mainly laboratory-based and require long assay times, skilled manpower, and pre-enrichment of samples involving various pre-experimental preparations. As an alternative, biosensors with a simple and rapid detection strategy could be an improvement over conventional methods for the detection of toxic algae species. Moreover, recent biosensors that involve the use of nanomaterials to detect HAB are showing further enhanced detection limits with a broader linear range. The improvement is attributed to nanomaterials’ high surface area to volume ratio, excellent biological compatibility with biomolecules, and being capable of amplifying the electrochemical signal. Hence, this review presents the potential usage of biosensors over conventional methods to detect HABs. The methods reported for the detection of harmful algae species, ranging from conventional detection methods to current biosensor approaches will be discussed, along with their respective advantages and drawbacks to indicate the future prospects of biosensor technology for HAB event management.

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McKibben, S. Morgaine, Katie S. Watkins-Brandt, A. Michelle Wood, Matthew Hunter, Zach Forster, Alyssa Hopkins, Xiuning Du, Bich-Thuy Eberhart, William T. Peterson i Angelicque E. White. "Monitoring Oregon Coastal Harmful Algae: Observations and implications of a harmful algal bloom-monitoring project". Harmful Algae 50 (grudzień 2015): 32–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2015.10.004.

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Park, Myung-Hwan, Keonhee Kim i Soon-Jin Hwang. "Differential Effects of the Allelochemical Juglone on Growth of Harmful and Non-Target Freshwater Algae". Applied Sciences 10, nr 8 (21.04.2020): 2873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10082873.

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Allelopathy has been applied to control nuisance algae in aquatic systems, but the effects of allelochemicals on the broad spectrum of algae are not well understood. We investigate algicidal effects of the allelochemical juglone on the bloom-forming, harmful algae Microcystis aeruginosa and Stephanodiscus hantzschii, and on several non-target algal species including cyanobacteria (Anabaena flos–aquae, Oscillatoria curviceps, and Phormidium subfuscum), diatoms (Asterionella formosa, Fragilaria crotonensis, and Synedra acus), and green algae (Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus ecornis, and Scenedesmus quadricauda), in laboratory and field enclosure bioassays. Under three treatment concentrations (0.01, 0.1, and 1 mg L−1) of juglone, Microcystis cell density is significantly reduced by 35–93%. Concentrations of 0.1 and 1 mg L−1 inhibits Stephanodiscus growth almost equally (66% and 75%, respectively). To contrast, juglone produces a stimulatory allelopathic effect on three green algae, and other tested diatoms showed hormesis. Overall, the cyanobacteria are more sensitive to juglone than the green algae and diatoms. These results indicate that the allelopathic effects of juglone on microalgae vary depending on their characteristic cellular morphology and anatomy.

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Turner, Jefferson T. "Planktonic marine copepods and harmful algae". Harmful Algae 32 (luty 2014): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2013.12.001.

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Li, Ping, Le Qiang, Yingkuan Han, Yujin Chu, Jiaoyan Qiu, Fangteng Song, Min Wang i in. "A Sensitive and Portable Double-Layer Microfluidic Biochip for Harmful Algae Detection". Micromachines 13, nr 10 (18.10.2022): 1759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13101759.

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Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are common disastrous ecological anomalies in coastal waters. An effective algae monitoring approach is important for natural disaster warning and environmental governance. However, conducting rapid and sensitive detection of multiple algae is still challenging. Here, we designed an ultrasensitive, rapid and portable double-layer microfluidic biochip for the simultaneous quantitative detection of six species of algae. Specific DNA probes based on the 18S ribosomal DNA (18S rDNA) gene fragments of HABs were designed and labeled with the fluorescent molecule cyanine-3 (Cy3). The biochip had multiple graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets-based reaction units, in which GO nanosheets were applied to transfer target DNA to the fluorescence signal through a photoluminescence detection system. The entire detection process of multiple algae was completed within 45 min with the linear range of fluorescence recovery of 0.1 fM–100 nM, and the detection limit reached 108 aM. The proposed approach has a simple detection process and high detection performance and is feasible to conduct accurate detection with matched portable detection equipment. It will have promising applications in marine natural disaster monitoring and environmental care.

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Bahri, Syamsul. "Application of Cigeratte Filter from Algae Spyrogira peipingensis to Reduce Nicotine, Tar, and Carbon Monoxide". International Journal of Applied Biology 1, nr 1 (5.07.2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/ijab.v1i1.2014.

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Algae Spirogyra peipingensis is a group of green algae from the order Zygnematales. Spirogyra algae serves as a bioremediation agent. In addition Spirogyra algae has great potential in reducing toxin levels in cigarette smoke. Because the biomass of alga Spirogyra has an irregular shaped surface texture and consists of amino acid, amide, carboxylic, hydroxyl, and carbonyl group that can bind various heavy metals and other harmful compounds. Alga Spirogyra peipingensis samples used are algae from Bone, South Sulawesi. Prior to the trial, the first pretreatment and processed to become powder. Algae powder was then applied to cigarette filters and tested on several respondents. Results showed that there was a significant decrease tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide levels in cigarette smoke by using Spirogyra peipingensis algae but the most significant decrease of carbon monoxide, while tar and nicotine decreased even though not as high as carbon monoxide.

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Bloetscher, Frederick, Daniel E. Meeroff, Matthew Iles i Rohan Sethi. "Effects of Electromagnetic Hydrolysis on Algal Concentration in Warm, Stagnant Surface Water". Current Environmental Management 6, nr 3 (7.01.2020): 220–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2212717806666191023112829.

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Background:: The study was conducted in-situ at the INCA Pond system in the City of Boynton Beach, Florida which has experienced issues with the formation of harmful algae blooms that create nuisance complaints and unhealthy conditions in the water and surrounding area. Objective:: The EMOH device is designed to supersaturate water as a means to deter harmful algal blooms. This pilot study was conducted to determine if an Electromagnetic Hydrolysis (EMOH) device can improve the health of residential surface water by adding dissolved oxygen to the water to allow the existing bacteria to remove the substrate that provides a food source for blue-green algae outbreaks when combined with naturally occurring aerobic bacteria. Methods:: Combining the EMOH device with naturally occurring aerobic bacteria demonstrated that a pond that normally contained a low DO and copious amounts of algae, would contain fewer algal blooms, that the bacteria would consume the detrital layer on the bottom of the pond that acts as nutrient source for the algae and that DO levels increase with temperature, in contrast to expectations. Four configurations were compared. Results: : The EMOH device successfully reduced the detrital layer on the bottom of the pond and experienced fewer algal blooms. The use of surface aeration permits the oxygen to escape, so having the EMOH discharge below the surface increases efficiency. Conclusion:: The EMOH device successfully accomplished its intended goals.

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Ulikowski, Dariusz, Łucjan Chybowski i Piotr Traczuk. "Harmful impact of filamentous algae (Spirogyra sp.) on juvenile crayfish". Archives of Polish Fisheries 23, nr 4 (1.12.2015): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aopf-2015-0025.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the impact of filamentous algae on the growth and survival of juvenile narrow-clawed crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus (Esch.), in rearing basins. Three stocking variants were used: A - basins with a layer of filamentous algae without imitation mineral substrate; B - basins with a layer of filamentous algae with imitation mineral substrate; C - basins without filamentous algae but with mineral substrate. The crayfish were reared from June 12 to October 10 under natural thermal conditions and fed a commercial feed. The results indicated that the presence of the filamentous algae did not have a statistically significant impact on the growth of the juvenile crayfish (P > 0.05). The presence of the filamentous algae had a strong negative impact on juvenile crayfish survival and stock biomass (P < 0.05). The layer of gravel and small stones that imitated the mineral substrate of natural aquatic basins somewhat neutralized the disadvantageous impact the filamentous algae had on the crayfish.

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Gil, Chan Saem, Shucheng Duan, Ji Hye Kim i Seok Hyun Eom. "Allelopathic Efficiency of Plant Extracts to Control Cyanobacteria in Hydroponic Culture". Agronomy 11, nr 11 (19.11.2021): 2350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11112350.

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Cyanobacteria rapidly form harmful algal blooms (HABs) that cause serious nutritional imbalances in crop production via hydroponics. Allelopathic extracts from plants can be applied as a solution for ecologically sustainable control of algal blooms. In this study, the effects of 11 aqueous extracts of 10 allelopathic plants in controlling Microcystis aeruginosa were evaluated. Among the extracts, walnut husk and rose leaf extracts exhibited high inhibitory levels for efficient control of algae. High inhibitory levels were achieved owing to large amounts of water-soluble tannins, especially tannic acid. The effective extracts were applied to a hydroponic system cultivated on leafy perilla vegetables. Although the severe doses (IC90) did not guarantee complete algal control due to partial algal regrowth, walnut husk and rose leaf extracts only exerted strong persistent effects on algae control. Persistent algae inhibition contributed to the increase in perilla growth and leaf quality. Rose leaf was potentially a more useful resource for controlling algae in a hydroponic system because the application of rose leaf extract efficiently controlled the algae and was less toxic to perilla growth. In contrast, the treatment of walnut husk extract also controlled algae but inhibited perilla growth with pale green leaves.

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Townhill, Bryony L., Jonathan Tinker, Miranda Jones, Sophie Pitois, Veronique Creach, Stephen D. Simpson, Stephen Dye, Elizabeth Bear i John K. Pinnegar. "Harmful algal blooms and climate change: exploring future distribution changes". ICES Journal of Marine Science 75, nr 6 (11.09.2018): 1882–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsy113.

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Abstract Harmful algae can cause death in fish, shellfish, marine mammals, and humans, via their toxins or from effects associated with their sheer quantity. There are many species, which cause a variety of problems around north-west Europe, and the frequency and distribution of algal blooms have altered in the recent past. Species distribution modelling was used to understand how harmful algal species may respond in the future to climate change, by considering environmental preferences and how these may shift. Most distribution studies to date use low resolution global model outputs. In this study, high resolution, downscaled shelf seas climate projections for the north-west European shelf were nested within lower resolution global projections, to understand how the distribution of harmful algae may change by the mid to end of century. Projections suggest that the habitat of most species (defined by temperature, salinity, depth, and stratification) will shift north this century, with suitability increasing in the central and northern North Sea. An increase in occurrence here might lead to more frequent detrimental blooms if wind, irradiance and nutrient levels are also suitable. Prioritizing monitoring of species in these susceptible areas could help in establishing early-warning systems for aquaculture and health protection schemes.

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Zheng, Bin Guo, Wei Gong Peng, Ji Biao Zhang i Zheng Zheng. "Flocculation Removal of Microcystis Aeruginosa by Chitosan-Bentonite Compound Material". Advanced Materials Research 335-336 (wrzesień 2011): 1381–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.335-336.1381.

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Harmful algal blooms have long been an issue worldwide owing to their adverse effects on drinking water treatment processes as well as drinking water quality. In this paper, chitosan-bentonite compound material was prepared by the supporting of chitosan on pillared bentonite and used for removal of harmful algae from water. The results showed that the compound material was effective for the removal of cyanobacterial Microcystis aeruginosa.

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Chun, Youngsang, Young Gun Ko, Taegu Do, Youngkyun Jung, Seung Wook Kim, Yong Jin Chun i Ung Su Choi. "Electrorheological properties of algae dispersed suspension: New application of harmful algae". Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 539 (luty 2018): 354–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.12.022.

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Shan, Shihan, Xiaoping Wang, Zhuoyun Xu i Mengmeng Tong. "Rapid Algae Identification and Concentration Prediction Based on Discrete Excitation Fluorescence Spectra". Chemosensors 9, nr 10 (18.10.2021): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9100293.

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In this paper, an algal identification and concentration determination method based on discrete excitation fluorescence spectra is proposed for online algae identification and concentration prediction. The discrete excitation fluorescence spectra of eight species of harmful algae from four algal categories were assessed. After determining typical excitation wavelengths according to the distribution of photosynthetic pigments and eliminating strongly correlated wavelengths by applying the hierarchical clustering, seven characteristic excitation wavelengths (405, 435, 470, 490, 535, 555, and 590 nm) were selected. By adding the ratios between feature points (435 and 470 nm, 470 and 490 nm, as well as 535 and 555 nm), standard feature spectra were established for classification. The classification accuracy in pure samples exceeded 95%, and that of dominant algae species in a mixed sample was 77.4%. Prediction of algae concentration was achieved by establishing linear regression models between fluorescence intensity at seven characteristic excitation wavelengths and concentrations. All models performed better at low concentrations, not exceeding the threshold concentration of red tide algae outbreak, which provides a proximate cell density of dominant algal species.

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Rhodes, L. "Harmful algae and mariculture in New Zealand". ICES Journal of Marine Science 58, nr 2 (kwiecień 2001): 398–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmsc.2000.1023.

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Zhao, Min, Han Xiao, Dong Sun i Shunshan Duan. "Investigation of the Inhibitory Effects of Mangrove Leaves and Analysis of Their Active Components on Phaeocystis globosa during Different Stages of Leaf Age". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, nr 11 (1.11.2018): 2434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112434.

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The presence of harmful algal blooms (HABs) can cause significant problems to the quality of the water, the marine ecosystems, and the human health, and economy worldwide. Biological remediation can inhibit harmful algal growth efficiently in an environmental-friendly manner. Therefore, the research conducted on biological remediation with regard to the inhibition of HABs is becoming a major focus in marine ecology. To date, no study has been reported with regard to the red tides occurring in mangrove wetlands. Therefore, the present study used two mangrove species, namely Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Kandelia candel and one harmful algae species Phaeocystis globosa as experimental organisms. The present study determined the inhibitory effects and algae physiology of specific aqueous extracts from mangrove leaves on the viability of harmful algae, and analyzed the main chemical composition of the aqueous extracts by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS). The results indicated that the aqueous extracts from different leaf ages of B. gymnorrhiza and K. candel leaves exhibited apparent inhibitory effects on the growth of P. globosa. The inhibitory effects of B. gymnorrhiza and K. candel leaves aqueous extracts on the growth of P. globosa were in the following order: senescent > mature > young leaves. The levels of the parameters superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA)content in P. globosa following treatment with B. gymnorrhiza and K. candel leaves aqueous extracts were increased as follows: senescent > mature > young leaves. Simultaneously, the intensity of the ion peaks of the specific secondary metabolites assigned 4 (No.: 4 Rt: 2.83 min), 7 (No.: 7 Rt: 3.14 min), 8 (No.: 8 Rt: 3.24 min), 9 (No.: 9 Rt: 3.82min) and 10 (No.: 10 Rt: 4.10 min) were increased. These metabolites were found in the aqueous extracts from B. gymnorrhiza leaves. The intensities of the ion peaks of the secondary metabolites 7, 8 in the aqueous extracts from the K. candel leaves were also increased. The majority of the substances that inhibited the algae found in the mangrove plants were secondary metabolites. Therefore, we considered that the norsesquiterpenes compounds 4, 8, 9, and 10 and a phenolic glycoside compound 7 were the active constituents in the aqueous extracts of the mangrove leaves responsible for the inhibition of algae growth. This evidence provided theoretical guidance for the development of biological methods to control red tides and for the further use of substances with antiproliferative activity against algae.

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O’Neill, Ellis. "Mining Natural Product Biosynthesis in Eukaryotic Algae". Marine Drugs 18, nr 2 (30.01.2020): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18020090.

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Eukaryotic algae are an extremely diverse category of photosynthetic organisms and some species produce highly potent bioactive compounds poisonous to humans or other animals, most notably observed during harmful algal blooms. These natural products include some of the most poisonous small molecules known and unique cyclic polyethers. However, the diversity and complexity of algal genomes means that sequencing-based research has lagged behind research into more readily sequenced microbes, such as bacteria and fungi. Applying informatics techniques to the algal genomes that are now available reveals new natural product biosynthetic pathways, with different groups of algae containing different types of pathways. There is some evidence for gene clusters and the biosynthetic logic of polyketides enables some prediction of these final products. For other pathways, it is much more challenging to predict the products and there may be many gene clusters that are not identified with the automated tools. These results suggest that there is a great diversity of biosynthetic capacity for natural products encoded in the genomes of algae and suggest areas for future research focus.

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Kadiri, M. "Notes on harmful algae from Nigerian coastal waters". Acta Botanica Hungarica 53, nr 1-2 (marzec 2011): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/abot.53.2011.1-2.12.

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Riegman, Roel, Marijke de Boer i Lisette de Senerpont Domis. "Growth of harmful marine algae in multispecies cultures". Journal of Plankton Research 18, nr 10 (1996): 1851–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/18.10.1851.

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Liu, Yang, Xihua Cao, Zhiming Yu, Xiuxian Song i Lixia Qiu. "Controlling harmful algae blooms using aluminum-modified clay". Marine Pollution Bulletin 103, nr 1-2 (luty 2016): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.12.017.

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Davidson, Keith, Richard J. Gowen, Paul J. Harrison, Lora E. Fleming, Porter Hoagland i Grigorios Moschonas. "Anthropogenic nutrients and harmful algae in coastal waters". Journal of Environmental Management 146 (grudzień 2014): 206–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.07.002.

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Pitcher, Grant C. "Harmful algae—The requirement for species-specific information". Harmful Algae 14 (luty 2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2011.10.011.

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Doucette, Gregory J. "Interactions between bacteria and harmful algae: A review". Natural Toxins 3, nr 2 (1995): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nt.2620030202.

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Tang, Ying Zhong, i Fred C. Dobbs. "Green Autofluorescence in Dinoflagellates, Diatoms, and Other Microalgae and Its Implications for Vital Staining and Morphological Studies". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, nr 7 (2.02.2007): 2306–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01741-06.

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ABSTRACT Green autofluorescence (GAF) has been described in the short flagellum of golden and brown algae, the stigma of Euglenophyceae, and cytoplasm of different life stages of dinoflagellates and is considered by some researchers a valuable taxonomic feature for dinoflagellates. In addition, green fluorescence staining has been widely proposed or adopted to measure cell viability (or physiological state) in areas such as apoptosis of phytoplankton, pollutant stresses on algae, metabolic activity of algae, and testing treatment technologies for ships' ballast water. This paper reports our epifluorescence microscopic observations and quantitative spectrometric measurements of GAF in a broad phylogenetic range of microalgae. Our results demonstrate GAF is a common feature of dinoflagellates, diatoms, green algae, cyanobacteria, and raphidophytes, occurs in the cytoplasm and particularly in eyespots, accumulation bodies, spines, and aerotopes, and is caused by molecules other than chlorophyll. GAF intensity increased with time after cell death or fixation and with excitation by blue or UV light and was affected by pH. GAF of microalgae may be only of limited value in taxonomy. It can be strong enough to interfere with the results of green fluorescence staining, particularly when stained samples are observed microscopically. GAF is useful, however, for microscopic study of algal morphology, especially to visualize cellular components such as eyespots, nucleus, aerotopes, spines, and chloroplasts. Furthermore, GAF can be used to visualize and enumerate dinoflagellate cysts in marine and estuarine sediments in the context of anticipating and monitoring harmful algal blooms and in tracking potentially harmful dinoflagellates transported in ships' ballast tanks.

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Wang, Qianqian, Xinguo Shi, Yisong Guo, Pin Lv, Yuying Zhong, Hui Xie i Jianfeng Chen. "Optimization of Algicidal Activity for Alteromonas sp. FDHY-03 against Harmful Dinoflagellate Prorocentrum donghaiense". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, nr 9 (9.09.2022): 1274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10091274.

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Prorocentrum donghaiense is a harmful-algal-bloom-forming species of planktonic dinoflagellates widely distributed around the world, which threatens the marine environment and human health. Bacteria are promising biological agents to control algal growth in HABs. Previously, we isolated an Alteromonas sp. FDHY-03, a P. donghaiense-lysing bacteria strain, from Xiapu Sea area of China. In order to improve the algicidal activity of this strain, we optimized the medium composition and culture conditions. Based on single-factor method experiment design, the optimum medium component of algicidal effect for strain FDHY-03 was sucrose and peptone. The result of Plackett–Burman design indicated that three significant factors (sucrose, peptone, and rotational speed) appeared. Finally, the concentrations of key factors were confirmed by central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM). Under the optimized medium, the algicidal rate of strain FDHY-03 against P. donghaiense improved by 67.15%, and the OD600 value increased by 2.86-fold. The optimal source and condition were sucrose 0.46% (w/v), peptone 4.25% (w/v) addition, and rotation speed 255 rpm. Overall, this study provides an optimized method and optimum medium for improving the algicidal activity against P. donghaiense, and has a positive influence on algae-lysing bacteria for controlling the blooms of the algae in the environment.

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Meriluoto, Jussi, i Nada Tokodi. "Special Issue on Harmful Cyanobacteria and Their Metabolites". Applied Sciences 12, nr 19 (26.09.2022): 9656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12199656.

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Olding, Daniel D. "Algal Communities as a Biological Indicator of Stormwater Management Pond Performance and Function". Water Quality Research Journal 35, nr 3 (1.08.2000): 489–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2000.029.

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Abstract An investigation into phytoplankton and periphyton algal communities of two recently constructed Stormwater management ponds suggests that Stormwater impacts on biological communities are reduced during passage through the ponds, providing a degree of protection for biological communities in their receiving waters. In both ponds, disturbance effects from the incoming Stormwater on algal community richness and evenness appear to be greatest in the sediment forebay and are reduced in the main pond. However, the nature of the disturbance in the two systems can be seen to be fundamentally different from a biological perspective, with Rouge Pond functioning primarily to reduce toxins harmful to algal communities (e.g., heavy metals), and Harding Pond acting to reduce nutrients. The taxonomic composition of the two sites provides an indication of the quality of the incoming Stormwater. Rouge Pond, which contains many marine and brackish water species, receives Stormwater runoff from a major highway, while Harding Pond, containing more nutrient rich species, receives Stormwater primarily from residential properties. Despite the nutrient-rich conditions present in both ponds, nuisance blue-green algae (cyanobacte-ria) are conspicuously absent, and the ponds appear to have little potential for developing harmful algal blooms. The lack of blue-green algae can be linked to the hydraulic functioning of the ponds, suggesting that Stormwater facilities may be engineered to inhibit undesirable algal communities.

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Jorissen, Hendrikje, Christina Skinner, Ronald Osinga, Dirk de Beer i Maggy M. Nugues. "Evidence for water-mediated mechanisms in coral–algal interactions". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, nr 1836 (17.08.2016): 20161137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.1137.

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Although many coral reefs have shifted from coral-to-algal dominance, the consequence of such a transition for coral–algal interactions and their underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. At the microscale, it is unclear how diffusive boundary layers (DBLs) and surface oxygen concentrations at the coral–algal interface vary with algal competitors and competitiveness. Using field observations and microsensor measurements in a flow chamber, we show that coral (massive Porites ) interfaces with thick turf algae, macroalgae, and cyanobacteria, which are successful competitors against coral in the field, are characterized by a thick DBL and hypoxia at night. In contrast, coral interfaces with crustose coralline algae, conspecifics, and thin turf algae, which are poorer competitors, have a thin DBL and low hypoxia at night. Furthermore, DBL thickness and hypoxia at the interface with turf decreased with increasing flow speed, but not when thick turf was upstream. Our results support the importance of water-mediated transport mechanisms in coral–algal interactions. Shifts towards algal dominance, particularly dense assemblages, may lead to thicker DBLs, higher hypoxia, and higher concentrations of harmful metabolites and pathogens along coral borders, which in turn may facilitate algal overgrowth of live corals. These effects may be mediated by flow speed and orientation.

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Zadagali, Aizhan Meirangalikyzy, i Aizhan Kashagankyzy Zhamangara. "Biotesting of Chlorella sp algae for certain medicinal drugs". Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series” 108, nr 4 (30.12.2022): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2022bmg4/39-50.

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In recent years, the study of drugs as pollutants in the country is gaining momentum. This is because the country does not use special wastewater treatment devices for pharmaceuticals. They enter the environment in different ways. Therefore, research on biotesting drugs in living organisms is underway. The article presents the results of experiments conducted to assess the effect of paracetamol, azithromycin, suprastin on the number and biomass of Chlorella sp algae. Chlorella sp algae are a widely used organism for biotesting. Among the above drugs in the study, paracetamol had a negative effect on the number and biomass of algae. The minimum harmful concentration of paracetamol for chlorella was 5 mg/L, the minimum harmful concentration of azithromycin for chlorella was 200 mg/L, the minimum harmful concentration of chlorella suprastin was 8 mg/L. When comparing the effect of paracetamol, azithromycin, suprastin on the number of green algae Chlorella sp, it was observed that paracetamol had the highest effect. Concentration of paracetamol 10 mg/L brought the number of chlorella close to 0. High concentrations of paracetamol and suprastinin the biomass of chlorella showed contamination of the environment.

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Stabili, Loredana, Margherita Licciano, Adriana Giangrande i Carmela Caroppo. "Filtration of the Microalga Amphidinium carterae by the Polychaetes Sabella spallanzanii and Branchiomma luctuosum: A New Tool for the Control of Harmful Algal Blooms?" Microorganisms 10, nr 1 (12.01.2022): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10010156.

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Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are extreme biological events representing a major issue in marine, brackish, and freshwater systems worldwide. Their proliferation is certainly a problem from both ecological and socioeconomic contexts, as harmful algae can affect human health and activities, the marine ecosystem functioning, and the economy of coastal areas. Once HABs establish, valuable and environmentally friendly control actions are needed to reduce their negative impacts. In this study, the influence exerted by the filter-feeding activity of the two sabellid polychaetes Branchiomma luctuosum (Grube) and Sabella spallanzanii (Gmelin) on a harmful dinoflagellate was investigated. Clearance rates (C) and retention efficiencies were estimated by employing the microalga Amphidinium carterae Hulburt. The Cmax was 1.15 ± 0.204 L h−1 g−1 DW for B. luctuosum and 0.936 ± 0.151 L h−1 g−1 DW for S. spallanzanii. The retention efficiency was 72% for B. luctuosum and 68% for S. spallanzanii. Maximum retention was recorded after 30 min for both species. The obtained results contribute to the knowledge of the two polychaetes’ filtration activity and to characterize the filtration process on harmful microalgae in light of the protection of water resources and human health. Both species, indeed, were extremely efficient in removing A. carterae from seawater, thus suggesting their employment as a new tool in mitigation technologies for the control of harmful algae in marine environments, as well as in the aquaculture facilities where HABs are one of the most critical threats.

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Al-Ghelani, H. M., A. Y. A. AlKindi, S. Amer i Y. K. Al-Akhzami. "Harmful Algal Blooms: Physiology, Behavior, Population Dynamics and Global Impacts- A Review". Sultan Qaboos University Journal for Science [SQUJS] 10 (1.06.2005): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/squjs.vol10iss0pp1-30.

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Harmful, toxic algae are now considered as one of the important players in the newly emerging environmental risk factors. The apparent global increase in harmful algal blooms (HABs) is becoming a serious problem in both aquaculture and fisheries populations. Not only has the magnitude and intensity of public health and economic impacts of these blooms increased in recent years, but the number of geographic locations experiencing toxic algal blooms has also increased dramatically. There are two primary factors causing HABs outbreaks. The natural processes such as upwelling and relaxation, and the anthropogenic loading resulting in eutrophication. However, the influence of global climate changes on algal bloom phenomenon cannot be ignored. The problem warrants development of effective strategies for the management and mitigation of HABs. Progress made in the routine coastal monitoring programs, development of methods for detection of algal species and toxins and coastal modeling activities for predicting HABs reflect the international concerns regarding the impacts of HABs. Innovative techniques using molecular probes will hopefully result in development of rapid, reliable screening methods for phycotoxins and the causative organisms.

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Chen, Jin Yi, Jing Li, Nian Li, Xing Yuan Yu, Qin Feng Jiang i Jia Xu Hu. "Study on the Removal of Algae with Hexadecyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) Modified Rectorite". Advanced Materials Research 557-559 (lipiec 2012): 1013–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.557-559.1013.

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Natural Ca-rectorite (Ca-REC) is modified with hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) to get CTAB-rectorite (CT-REC). XRD and SEM analytical method were used to study the change of rectorite in external morphology and internal structure. The results showed that the layer structure of CT-REC was looser and the basal spacing was obviously bigger than Ca-REC. The ability of RECs in removing microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) was investigated through long-term and short-term study. The results of short-term study showed that compared with Ca-REC removing 10% of the algae at the concentration of 0.1g/L in 10h, CT-REC removed more than 98% of the algae under the same condition. The results of long-term study showed that Ca-REC had acute effect on algae but couldn’t terminate cell growth while CT-REC could put an end to the regrowth of algae and control the Harmful algal blooms effectively.

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Victoria Anand Mary, A., G. Prabakaran i S. Mohan. "Freshwater Microalage Image Identification and Classification Based on Machine Learning Technique". Asian Journal of Computer Science and Technology 7, S1 (5.11.2018): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajcst-2018.7.s1.1803.

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Algae is an aquatic organism of an enormous and diverse group, which has the ability to conduct photosynthesis. The various sorts of microalgae play trivial roles in marine and fresh water environment. Microalgae are of various sizes and shapes, ranging from unicellular to multicellular forms. These algae were from the division of Anabaena, Oscillatoria, Microcystis Scenedesmus, Pediastrum and Cosmarium found in fresh water lake. In very high density these microalgae may discolor the water, outcompete, and become poisonous to other life forms. This is technically termed as harmful algal blooms. It is one of the most serious water pollution problems. Today, humans in many ways to use microalgae’s for example, as fertilizers, soil conditioners, and livestock feed. A hybrid method is apply to automatic detection and recognition of some selected freshwater algae genera by combining the image processing technique with ANN approaches. Thus, analysis and prediction of algae is significant, which can be achieved using machine learning processing.

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MEDLIN, LINDA K., MARINA MONTRESOR, EDNA GRANELI, BEATRIX REUGERA, ROBIN RAINE, BENTE EDVARDSEN, JANE LEWIS, CHRIS ELLIOTT, YOLANDA PAZOS i LUCIE MARANDA. "MIDTAL (Microarrays for the Detection of Toxic Algae)". Phytotaxa 127, nr 1 (29.08.2013): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.127.1.19.

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Microalgae in marine and brackish waters of Europe regularly cause harmful effects, considered from the human perspective, in that they cause economic damage to fisheries and tourism. Cyanobacteria cause similar problems in freshwaters. These episodes encompass a broad range of phenomena collectively referred to as harmful algal blooms (HABs). For adequate management of these phenomena, monitoring of microalgae is required. However, present day monitoring is time consuming and based on morphology as determined by light microscopy, which may be insufficient to give definitive species and toxin attribution. In the European Union (EU) FP7 project MIDTAL (microarrays for the detection of toxic algae), we will first target rapid species identification using rRNA genes. The variable regions of the rRNA genes can be used for probe design to recognize species or even strains. Second, a toxin based microarray will be developed that includes antibody reactions to specific toxins produced by these microalgae because even when cell numbers are low, toxins can be present and can accumulate in the shellfish. Microarrays are the state of the art technology in molecular biology for the processing of bulk samples for detection of target RNA/DNA sequence. Existing rRNA probes and antibodies for toxic algal species/strains and their toxins will be adapted and optimized for microarray use. The purpose of MIDTAL is to support the common fisheries policy and to aid the national monitoring agencies by providing new rapid tools for the identification of toxic algae and their toxins so they can comply with EU directive 91/1491/CEE to monitor for toxic algae, and reduce the need for the mouse bioassay.

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Fan, Gongduan, Zhong Chen, Bo Wang, Shimin Wu, Jing Luo, Xiaomei Zheng, Jiajun Zhan, Yifan You i Zhi Zhang. "Photocatalytic Removal of Harmful Algae in Natural Waters by Ag/AgCl@ZIF-8 Coating under Sunlight". Catalysts 9, nr 8 (20.08.2019): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9080698.

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In order to control the cyanobacterial blooms in eutrophic water, an Ag/AgCl@ZIF-8 floating coating was prepared by a dip-coating method with a sponge, innovatively employed as a carrier for the removal of algae in natural water samples. The as-prepared photocatalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of this Ag/AgCl@ZIF-8 coating on algal removal and phytoplankton community structure in natural water samples with cyanobacterial blooms were investigated under sunlight. Results showed that Ag/AgCl@ZIF-8 distributed uniformly on the surface of the coating with good stability and algae removal efficiency in water bodies. After 6 h of exposure under sunlight, the chlorophyll a in the natural water samples was degraded by 99.9%, the densities of Microcystis aeruginosa were reduced by 92.6% and the densities and biomass of the other algae decreased by about 80%. Meanwhile, the content of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in the samples was decreased, effectively controlling the cyanobacterial blooms. It was found that O2•− played the main role in the photocatalytic inactivation. In conclusion, the Ag/AgCl@ZIF-8 coating has a promising application potential for the removal of harmful cyanobacteria, and provides a new idea for the control of cyanobacterial blooms in water bodies.

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Alvarez, Sergio, Frank Lupi, Daniel Solís i Michael Thomas. "Valuing Provision Scenarios of Coastal Ecosystem Services: The Case of Boat Ramp Closures Due to Harmful Algae Blooms in Florida". Water 11, nr 6 (14.06.2019): 1250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11061250.

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Ecosystem service flows may change or disappear temporarily or permanently as a result of environmental changes or ecological disturbances. In coastal areas, ecological disturbances caused by toxin-producing harmful algae blooms can impact flows of ecosystem services, particularly provisioning (e.g., seafood harvesting) and cultural services (e.g., recreation). This study uses a random utility model of recreational boating choices to simulate changes in the value of cultural ecosystem services provided by recreation in coastal ecosystems resulting from prolonged ecological disturbances caused by harmful algae blooms. The empirical application relies on observed trips to 35 alternative boat access ramps in Lee County, an important marine access destination in southwest Florida. Results indicate that reduced boating access from harmful algae blooms may have resulted in losses of $3 million for the 2018 blooms, which lasted from the end of June to the end of September.

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Johannessen, T., E. Dahl i O. Lindahl. "Overgrazing of edible algae as a mechanism behind red tides and harmful algal blooms". African Journal of Marine Science 28, nr 2 (wrzesień 2006): 337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/18142320609504173.

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Rahman Al Muftah*, Abdel. "The status of harmful algae in the Arabian Gulf". QScience Proceedings 2015, nr 5 (listopad 2015): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/qproc.2015.qulss2015.12.

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Soto, Inia, Chuanmin Hu, Karen Steidinger, Frank Muller-Karger, Jennifer Cannizzaro, Jennifer Wolny, Sergio Cerdeira-Estrada i in. "Binational collaboration to study Gulf of Mexico's harmful algae". Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 93, nr 5 (31.01.2012): 49–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012eo050002.

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Xiaoyan, Qiao. "Research on Imbalanced Microscopic Image Classification of Harmful Algae". IEEE Access 8 (2020): 125438–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3007646.

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Jipanin, S. J., S. R. Muhamad Shaleh, P. T. Lim, C. P. Leaw i S. Mustapha. "The Monitoring of Harmful Algae Blooms in Sabah, Malaysia". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1358 (listopad 2019): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1358/1/012014.

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