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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Hakka in Hong Kong”

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Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 26 lipca 2024

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1

Erbaugh, Mary S. "Southern Chinese dialects as a medium for reconciliation within Greater China". Language in Society 24, nr 1 (marzec 1995): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500018418.

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ABSTRACTSouthern Chinese dialects – Cantonese, Taiwanese, and Hakka – have received little official support from the governments of the nations where Chinese is spoken; they are not mutually intelligible with Mandarin, and are often deeply stigmatized. Although China's language wars have paralleled cold war hostilities, unofficial forces in the 1990s are rapidly enhancing dialect prestige, as an economic boom increasingly links the “Greater China” of the People's Republic, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore. (Chinese dialects, Mandarin, Cantonese, Min, Hakka, bilingualism, Hong Kong, Taiwan, official language)

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2

Lee, Sherman. "Language choice and code-switching among Hong Kong’s Hakka speakers". Global Chinese 1, nr 1 (1.04.2015): 57–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/glochi-2015-1003.

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Abstract This paper examines the language practices among speakers of Hakka in Hong Kong, a minority Chinese variety still found in the territory. These speakers were largely monolingual a few decades ago but are now primarily bilingual in Hakka and Cantonese as the community shifts towards the latter, the dominant societal language. To explore the process and dynamics of this language shift, the present study adopted an ethnographic approach for observing the actual bilingual behaviours of individuals and families in the community. The informant sample comprised 32 speakers aged between 9 and 82 from nine separate families across Hong Kong. Data was collected through a combination of participant observation, informal interviews and conversational exchanges in the informants’ homes. Examination of their patterns of language choice and language use shows that most of the speakers use Cantonese-dominant patterns, and are ‘shifters’ rather than ‘maintainers’ of the Hakka language; the shift is clearly generation and age-related. The paper also illustrates how bilingual speakers make use of code-switching between Hakka and Cantonese to achieve various discourse purposes in their everyday conversations, suggesting that even among the ‘language shifters’, Hakka remains an important linguistic resource.

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3

Dupré, Jean-François. "Complétude institutionnelle et sécurité linguistique dans le monde sinophone : les Hakka à Hong Kong et à Taïwan". Articles 36, nr 3 (29.11.2017): 73–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1042236ar.

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Ce texte vise à souligner la pertinence de la notion de complétude institutionnelle en tant qu’outil conceptuel et théorique en l’appliquant à un contexte peu étudié : celui de la sécurité culturelle des minorités linguistiques han dans la grande région sinophone. En se penchant sur la minorité hakka à Hong Kong et à Taïwan, il vise notamment à exemplifier comment des paysages institutionnels propres à ces deux endroits ont contribué à créer ou à remodeler certaines catégories identitaires, à politiser ou à dépolitiser celles-ci, ainsi qu’à déplacer des perceptions de sécurité et d’insécurité culturelles vers différentes catégories identitaires et institutionnelles. À Hong Kong, les mouvements nativistes ont de plus en plus tendance à conceptualiser les Hongkongais comme une minorité nationale en quête d’autonomie et mettent l’accent sur le renforcement de leur langue – le cantonais – aux dépens du hakka. Pour leur part, à Taïwan, les militants de la langue ont intériorisé l’indépendance de l’État taïwanais, dont le territoire est toujours revendiqué par la Chine, et font la promotion de son caractère multiethnique et multilingue. Ces militants reconnaissent même la complétude institutionnelle des minorités, sans la nommer pour autant, comme une solution au problème du transfert linguistique vers le mandarin, notamment chez les Hakka et les peuples autochtones. Ce texte expose ces processus en analysant les diverses conceptualisations, pratiques et politiques de la complétude institutionnelle dans la grande région sinophone, et tente d’en tirer des leçons généralisables à des contextes linguistiques et institutionnels différents.

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4

Hsiao, Hsin-Huang Michael, i Po-San Wan. "The student-led movements of 2014 and public opinion". Asian Journal of Comparative Politics 3, nr 1 (5.09.2017): 61–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2057891117728341.

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This article, which is based on a comparative survey conducted in late 2014, explores public opinion in Taiwan and Hong Kong on the Sunflower and Umbrella movements. We find that public support for the local movement in each place was almost equally divided. As for the other movement, the supporters outnumbered opponents. The basic patterns of the relationship between socio-demographic attributes, political attitudes, as well as the evaluation of the “China impact”, and public support for the two movements were consistent in both societies. Those most likely to support the Sunflower and Umbrella movements were: the young; Minnanese, Hakka, or Hong Kong-born people; those who support the “Pan-Green” or “Pan-democracy” camps; those who agreed that democracy is the best political system; those who had a negative view of the “China impact”, especially its harmful influence on local democracy. Notwithstanding these similarities, in Taiwan, support for the Sunflower Movement was mainly divided by ethnic group and for the Umbrella Movement by gender; while in Hong Kong, support for both movements was largely divided by age, and the perceived “China impact” on local economic growth had no independent effects.

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5

Lo, Patrick, Holly H. Y. Chan, Angel W. M. Tang, Dickson K. W. Chiu, Allan Cho, Eric W. K. See-To, Kevin K. W. Ho, Minying He, Sarah Kenderdine i Jeffrey Shaw. "Visualising and revitalising traditional Chinese martial arts". Library Hi Tech 37, nr 2 (17.06.2019): 273–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lht-05-2018-0071.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how the emergent 3D interactive media technologies are used as a viable tool for enhancing visitors’ overall experiences at an exhibition entitled, 300 Years of Hakka Kungfu – Digital Vision of Its Legacy and Future (Hakka Kungfu Exhibition) – presented and co-organized by the Intangible Cultural Heritage Office of Hong Kong, International Guoshu Association and the School of Creative Media, City University of Hong Kong. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire survey in both online and paper-based formats was used for identifying visitors’ experiences in the interactions with the multimedia technologies. For this research study, a questionnaire, consisting of 26 items, was set out to measure the visitors’ experiences at the Exhibition. Since the Exhibition was about presenting a centuries-old Chinese cultural heritage, Hakka Kungfu via the use multimedia technologies, in the context of establishing a dialogue between the past and present, the researchers included questionnaire items that were devoted to enquire about the level of understanding, knowledge and enjoyment, and visitors’ new knowledge about Hong Kong history and culture was successfully disseminated to the respondents at the end of the questionnaire. Findings A total of 209 completed questionnaires were collected at this Hakka Kungfu Exhibition. The findings reveal that the exhibits did attract people at all ages. This Exhibition gave the visitors a sense of interest and wonder in the object and information presented in the Exhibition. Findings of this study also reveal that this Exhibition has successfully attracted a large number of female visitors, as well as visitors who have never taken any martial arts training. In addition, visitors’ Exhibition experience was found to be memorable, as well as enjoyable. Furthermore, visitors’ experience within the Exhibition suggested that it was entertaining, as well as educational. By creating a long-lasting impact on the minds of these Exhibition visitors about the connections between and relevance of traditional Chinese Kungfu, their collective cultural identity, as well as the contemporary society we live in. The Exhibition exemplified the successful integration of the presentation of Kungfu as a form of cultural heritage with engagement-creating technology, in which technology is unobtrusive but effective. Originality/value Although it is already a global trend for the museums to integrate multimedia technologies into their exhibitions, research on the situation and feedback of multimedia technology used in the museum exhibitions in Hong Kong is scarce as well as scattered. Findings of this study could help identify various factors involved in audience participation, thereby exploring the possibility of building a contact point/space for traditional Chinese Kungfu as an intangible cultural heritage, via the integration of the latest media technologies. In particular, the development of multimedia technologies has become increasingly important to museums, and museum professionals have been exploring how digital and communication technologies can be developed to offer visitors a more interactive, personalized museum experience. In general, despite the growing interest in deploying digital technology as interpretation devices in museums and galleries, there are relatively few studies that examine how visitors, both alone and with others, use new technologies when exploring the museum contents.

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6

Covell, Ralph R. "Book Review: Christian Souls and Chinese Spirits: A Hakka Community in Hong Kong". International Bulletin of Missionary Research 20, nr 1 (styczeń 1996): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/239693939602000122.

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7

Lutz, Jessie G. "Christian Souls and Chinese Spirits: A Hakka Community in Hong Kong (review)". China Review International 3, nr 1 (1996): 124–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cri.1996.0086.

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8

Papashvili, G. Z., i O. Yu Kurnykin. "Factors of Forming of Hong Kong’s Political Culture During the British Rule". Izvestiya of Altai State University, nr 3(113) (6.07.2020): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/izvasu(2020)3-15.

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The article formulates and analyses factors of forming of Hong Kong’s modern political culture with the purpose of uncovering the nature of local antigovernment protests. Considering the mass unrest acts in Hong Kong as a special administrative region of the PRC, social and political aspects are emphasized. The article considers the historical way of forming of Hong Kong’s initial population, composed of aboriginals — the Cantonese and aliens from the north — Hakka. Autonomy of ongoing processes in the region is emphasized. The article analyses influence on Hong Kong’s society during Britain’s colonial rule as a main factor of forming of its modern political culture. The article also considers the nature of Hong Kong’s government interaction with its society in 1940-1960s. The article states that at this time the government adhered the concept of minimal colonial state and didn’t take meaningful measures to solve the most important social and political problems. The period of 1970s, on the contrary, is defined as a time of fundamental changes in Hong Kong’s socio-political structure. This is due to accelerating of modernization processes and Hong Kong’s gaining a certain degree of autonomy at this time. The authors conclude that a unique mentality in Hong Kong’s society was formed and gives its characteristic, which makes it possible to speak of the features of its political culture.

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9

Erbaugh, Mary S. "Ping Chen, Modern Chinese: History and sociolinguistics. Cambridge & New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Pp. ix, 229. Hb $59.95, pb $21.95." Language in Society 30, nr 1 (styczeń 2001): 121–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404501281056.

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China's program of language modernization has been as successful as that of any other nation, yet until Chen's book, we have not had a readable and comprehensive discussion of its reforms. Literacy has risen from about 10% in 1949 to around 80% today. Spoken Chinese dialects, from Cantonese through Hakka to Mandarin, vary as much as do the Germanic languages English, German, and Swedish; so it is a major achievement that 90% of Chinese people can now understand Standard Mandarin, up from 40% in the 1950s (p. 8). The current reforms have roots deep in the 19th century, but Chen discusses how early visions of reform became successful only in the past few decades. An unusual virtue of this compact volume is that it discusses language reforms throughout Greater China – not only in the People's Republic, including Hong Kong, but in Taiwan and Singapore as well.

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10

Hsieh, Jiann. "An Old Bottle with a New Brew: The Waichow Hakkas' Associations in Hong Kong". Human Organization 44, nr 2 (czerwiec 1985): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/humo.44.2.r65813u2h0082710.

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11

Diamond, Norma. "Christian Souls and Chinese Spirits: A Hakka Community in Hong Kong. By Nicole Constable. Berkeley, New York, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, 1994. xv + 233 pages. $37.00." Journal of Asian Studies 54, nr 3 (sierpień 1995): 828–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2059461.

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12

Hing, Lo Shiu. "Teaching Hong Kong Politics in Hong Kong". Political Science 49, nr 1 (lipiec 1997): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003231879704900109.

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13

Ho, Louise. "Hong Kong writing and writing Hong Kong". World Englishes 19, nr 3 (listopad 2000): 381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-971x.00186.

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14

Ching, Frank. "Hong Kong". Current History 95, nr 602 (1.09.1996): 272–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.1996.95.602.272.

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15

Zheng, Jinming. "Hong Kong". International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics 8, nr 2 (14.04.2015): 321–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2015.1031813.

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16

Ng, Mee Kam. "Hong Kong". disP - The Planning Review 46, nr 180 (styczeń 2010): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02513625.2010.10557059.

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17

Hills, Peter, i William Barron. "Hong Kong". Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development 32, nr 8 (październik 1990): 16–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00139157.1990.9929046.

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18

Drakakis-Smith, David, i C. P. Lo. "Hong Kong". Geographical Journal 159, nr 2 (lipiec 1993): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3451419.

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Churchley, A. R. "Hong Kong". Safety and Reliability 8, nr 3 (wrzesień 1988): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09617353.1988.11691174.

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20

Wu, R. S. S. "Hong Kong". Marine Pollution Bulletin 21, nr 2 (luty 1990): 55–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-326x(90)90186-c.

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21

Go, Frank, Ray Pine i Ricky Yu. "Hong Kong". Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly 35, nr 5 (październik 1994): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001088049403500515.

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22

Chan, Sally, Frances Kamyuet Wong i Tanya D. Whitehead. "Hong Kong". Recherche en soins infirmiers N° 100, nr 1 (2010): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rsi.100.0055.

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23

Davies, Derek. "Hong Kong". Asian Affairs 25, nr 1 (marzec 1994): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/714041237.

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Sparrow, Glen W. "Hong Kong". Cities 5, nr 2 (maj 1988): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-2751(88)90002-9.

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Dworkin, M. S. "Hong Kong". JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 260, nr 21 (2.12.1988): 3216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.260.21.3216.

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Pickett, Loretta. "Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre, Hong Kong". Spine 33, nr 11 (maj 2008): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.brs.0000319084.13122.ff.

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Parris, B. S., i M. L. So. "Hong Kong Ferns. Hong Kong Flora and Fauna Series". Kew Bulletin 51, nr 1 (1996): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4118772.

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28

Vickers, Edward, i Flora Kan. "Rééduquer Hong Kong". Outre-Terre 15, nr 2 (2006): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/oute.015.0357.

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29

Tan, Tony. "Whither Hong Kong?" CFA Institute Magazine 26, nr 1 (styczeń 2015): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2469/cfm.v26.n1.14.

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Smith, Alan R., i M. L. So. "Hong Kong Ferns". American Fern Journal 85, nr 3 (lipiec 1995): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1547514.

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Ruggeri, Laura. "Ecstasy, Hong Kong". Circa, nr 103 (2003): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25563921.

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Chen, Hung-Ying, i Lachlan Barber. "CityPsyche—Hong Kong". City 24, nr 1-2 (3.03.2020): 220–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13604813.2020.1739431.

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Sánchez César, Miriam Laura. "Hong Kong 2018". Anuario Asia Pacífico el Colegio de México, nr 18 (1.01.2019): 190–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/aap.2019.288.

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Desde que Hong Kong pasó a dominio colonial británico como resultado del Tratado de Nanjing de 1842, la brecha entre China continental y la isla se hizo muy amplia, política y económicamente. En primer lugar, gran parte de la población de Hong Kong estaba constituida por chinos que huían de los conflictos en continente (Segunda Guerra Mundial y Guerra Civil China) y de la inestabilidad política y económica de las primeras décadas del régimen maoísta. En segundo lugar, aunque el gobierno colonial de Hong Kong no fue de ninguna manera democrático, garantizaba un respetable nivel de libertades civiles y de derechos humanos; no se puede decir lo mismo del sistema político en China (Wong, 2017). Además, Hong Kong ha practicado una economía de mercado con un alto nivel de internacionalización comparable con el de otros países desarrollados en términos de PIB per cápita. Todas estas diferencias han contribuido a la “crisis de confianza” surgida durante el periodo de transición que se intensificó después de 1989.

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34

Dransfield, Soejatmi, Paul Pui-Hay But, Chia Liang-chi, Fung Hok-lam i Shiu-Ying Hu. "Hong Kong Bamboos". Kew Bulletin 42, nr 1 (1987): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4109914.

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Chan, Kin-sang. "From Hong Kong". Palliative Medicine 17, nr 2 (marzec 2003): 162–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0269216303pm711op.

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Ma, Jean. "Hong Kong Mambo". Camera Obscura: Feminism, Culture, and Media Studies 29, nr 3 (2014): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/02705346-2801496.

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37

Ng, Charles Wang Wai. "Hong Kong Symposium". International Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotechnics 2, nr 1 (marzec 2002): 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/ijpmg.2002.020104.

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38

HEANLEY., C. M. "HONG KONG CELTS." Bulletin of the Geological Society of China 7, nr 3-4 (29.05.2009): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-6724.1928.mp73-4001.x.

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Flowerdew, John, i Rodney Jones. "Occupy Hong Kong". Journal of Language and Politics 15, nr 5 (29.11.2016): 519–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.15.5.01flo.

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Wynn, Paul. "Rendezvous Hong Kong". Transactions of the IMF 84, nr 3 (maj 2006): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/imf.2006.84.3.117.

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Goodman, Allan E. "Hong Kong redux". Journal of Contemporary China 6, nr 16 (listopad 1997): 413–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10670569708724287.

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Chan, Koon-Chung. "Hong Kong viscera". Postcolonial Studies 10, nr 4 (2.11.2007): 379–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13688790701621391.

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Kenny, James F. "Hong Kong Television". Television & New Media 2, nr 3 (sierpień 2001): 281–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152747640100200306.

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Ma, Eric Kit-Wai, i Peter Yui Chi Yuen. "911 Hong Kong". Television & New Media 3, nr 2 (maj 2002): 231–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152747640200300216.

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Johnson, Graham E., i George L. Hicks. "Hong Kong Countdown." Pacific Affairs 64, nr 2 (1991): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2760005.

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Gwynne, Peter. "Hong Kong university". Nature 352, nr 6333 (lipiec 1991): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/352273c0.

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Stern, Rachel E. "HONG KONG HAZE". Asian Survey 43, nr 5 (wrzesień 2003): 780–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2003.43.5.780.

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Abstract Preliminary data show that Hong Kong's poor suffer increased exposure to air pollution. People in lower-class areas may be up to five times as likely to be hospitalized for respiratory illness as their counterparts in high-income areas. In addition, variation in household income may explain up to 60%% of Air Pollution Index (API) variation between districts. Despite this, air pollution has not been seen as a class issue because of the invisibility of Hong Kong's poor, the nature of environmental activism, and a relative lack of class tensions. Two of Asia's most significant trends are deepening income inequality and increasing environmental degradation. Yet, these two trends are often examined separately, as parts of entirely different spheres. Using air pollution in Hong Kong as a case study, this article argues that environmental issues and social class are intimately intertwined. Environmental burdens, such as air pollution, disproportionately affect the poor. Social class——who is generating pollution and who is affected——also determines how environmental issues are perceived and addressed. However, little combined analysis of social class and the environment exists outside the United States. Hong Kong's struggle to improve air quality in the post-handover period provides an unusual opportunity to examine the relationship between social class and the environment in Asia.

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48

Snow, Philip. "Haranguing Hong Kong". Pacific Review 4, nr 2 (styczeń 1991): 188–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09512749108718915.

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FORD C.Eng., TERRY. "Hong Kong Airline". Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 57, nr 3 (marzec 1985): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb036079.

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Davis, Daniel R. "HONG KONG ENGLISH". World Englishes 24, nr 1 (luty 2005): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0883-2919.2005.00392.x.

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