Artykuły w czasopismach: „Haemoglobin concentration”

1

Hofmann, O., G. Carrucan, N. Robson i T. Brittain. "The chloride effect in the human embryonic haemoglobins". Biochemical Journal 309, nr 3 (1.08.1995): 959–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3090959.

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The interactions of the three human embryonic haemoglobins with chloride ions have been investigated. Each of the three embryonic haemoglobins exhibits a unique pattern of oxygen-affinity-dependence on chloride ion concentration. Human embryonic haemoglobin Portland (zeta 2 gamma 2) is found to be completely insensitive to chloride ion concentration. Haemoglobin Gower I (zeta 2 gamma 2) shows a small concentration dependence, whilst haemoglobin Gower II (alpha 2 epsilon 2) exhibits a dependence approaching that of the adult protein. The degree of co-operativity for each protein is essentially chloride concentration independent. The chloride-dependent and -independent components of the alkaline Bohr effects have been measured for each of the embryonic haemoglobins and compared with that of the adult protein. Both the chloride-binding data and the Bohr effect have been analysed in terms of the recently developed allosteric model proposed by Perutz [Perutz, Fermi, Poyart, Pagnier and Kister (1993) J. Mol. Biol. 233, 536-545].

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Appleby, CA, ES Dennis i WJ Peacock. "A primaeval origin for plant and animal haemoglobins?" Australian Systematic Botany 3, nr 1 (1990): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9900081.

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The discovery and study of haemoglobin and its genes in nitrogen-fixing nonleguminous plant root nodules and in the roots of non-nodulated and non-nodulating plants has shown that these haemoglobins, the leghaemoglobins of legume nodules, and animal haemoglobins, all have a common evolutionary origin. It would be simple to assume that they are related by vertical descent from a haemoglobin-containing proto-organism that evolved in the early biosphere some 1500 million years ago, but this might not be so. Recently, haemoglobin has been recognised in Vitreoscilla, a bacterium, and homology between this protein and its gene and animal and plant haemoglobins and their genes is demonstrated. This could mean that bacterial, plant and animal haemoglobins are related by vertical descent from haemoglobin present in a common proto-organism, possibly a primitive archaebacterium, that developed in the early Archean era more than 3500 million years ago. The known properties of contemporary plant and animal haemoglobins and their genes suggest that plant haemoglobin, with its ability to function at nanomolar concentration of free oxygen and its three-intron gene structure, could most resemble this putative primaeval haemoglobin.

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Chesterton, Lindsay, Stewart H. Lambie, Lisa J. Hulme, Maarten Taal, Richard J. Fluck i Christopher W. McIntyre. "Online measurement of haemoglobin concentration". Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 20, nr 9 (5.07.2005): 1951–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfh926.

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Airaksinen, S., i M. Nikinmaa. "Effect of haemoglobin concentration on the oxygen affinity of intact lamprey erythrocytes". Journal of Experimental Biology 198, nr 11 (1.11.1995): 2393–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.198.11.2393.

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We investigated whether the oxygen affinity of lamprey haemoglobin decreases with increasing oxygen concentration at the high (1025 mmol l-1 monomeric) haemoglobin concentrations prevailing within the erythrocytes. The intracellular concentration of haemoglobin was experimentally adjusted by shrinking the cells osmotically: the osmolality of the equilibration medium was increased from approximately 250 mosmol kg-1 by 90 mosmol kg-1 to 340 mosmol kg-1 or by 180 mosmol kg-1 to 430 mosmol kg-1 by adding sucrose in the medium. This increased the mean cellular haemoglobin concentration from 16.9±0.23 mmol l-1 (monomeric haemoglobin) to 20.0±0.20 mmol l-1 (monomeric haemoglobin) and to 23.0±0.36 mmol l-1 (monomeric haemoglobin), respectively (means ± s.e.m., N=3540; all the samples from 78 different pools of blood at each osmolality combined). The oxygen equilibrium curves at each osmolality were determined by Tucker's method. An increase in haemoglobin concentration shifted the oxygen equilibrium curve to the right as indicated by the P50 values, which were 4.26±0.07 kPa at the lowest, 4.64±0.13 kPa at the intermediate and 5.64±0.40 kPa (means ± s.e.m., N=78) at the highest haemoglobin concentrations. The decrease in haemoglobin oxygen-affinity was attributed to the volume changes, since the intracellular pH did not decrease with increasing mean cellular haemoglobin concentration. Thus, the variations in red blood cell volume commonly observed during hypoxia may play a role in the regulation of haemoglobin function.

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Symonds, Erin L., Joanne Osborne, Stephen R. Cole, Peter Bampton, Robert Fraser i Graeme P. Young. "Gender differences in faecal haemoglobin concentration". Journal of Medical Screening 23, nr 1 (20.07.2015): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969141315597018.

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Terwilliger, R. C., N. B. Terwilliger, G. M. Hughes†, A. J. Southward† i E. C. Southward†. "Studies on the haemoglobins of the small Pogonophora". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 67, nr 1 (luty 1987): 219–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002531540002645x.

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Haemoglobin is present, often at high concentration, dissolved in the blood of all small Pogonophora so far examined.The haemoblobin of Siboglinum fiordicum resembles annelid and vestimentiferan haemoglobins in having subunits with molecular weights of 15000–16700 plus traces of 35000–40000 MW material. 5. fiordicum haemoglobin has 1 mol haem per 21500 g protein, and a similar lack of correspondence between subunits and mols of haem is shown by annelid and vestimentiferan haemoglobins. However, S. fiordicum haemoglobin differs considerably from annelid and vestimentiferan haemoglobins in other respects, even though the three groups are closely linked taxonomically. The haemoglobin of S. fiordicum has a lower apparent molecular weight (Mr = 3.5–4.0 x 105) than that of annelid haemoglobins (Mr = 3–4 x 108) when measured under the same conditions. Pogonophore blood examined with the electron microscope does not show the two-tiered hexagonal structure found in annelid and vestimentiferan haemoglobins. S. fiordicum haemoglobin also differs from annelid and vestimentiferan haemoglobins in amino acid composition.The haemoglobins of the small pogonophores examined have a very high affinity for oxygen. The P 50 ranges from 0.36 Torr in diluted blood of S. fiordicum (15 °C) to 0.5–1.0 Torr in undiluted blood of S. atlanticum (10 °C) and s. fiordicum (15 °C). Only a slight Bohr effect was found. The high oxygen affinity can be related to the wide range of P o2 values experienced in the habitat and the need to transport oxygen to the deeply buried posterior end of the body that contains autotrophic endosymbiotic bacteria.

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Nikinmaa, M. "Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport in vertebrate erythrocytes: an evolutionary change in the role of membrane transport." Journal of Experimental Biology 200, nr 2 (1.01.1997): 369–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.200.2.369.

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Two major strategies are apparent for the regulation of gas transport by vertebrate blood except in the myxinoids, which seem to have little scope for such regulation. In lampreys and teleost fish, haemoglobins have low buffering capacities and large Bohr/Haldane effects. Na+/H+ exchange plays an important role in the control of haemoglobin oxygen-affinity in these vertebrate groups. The large Bohr/Haldane effect also facilitates carbon dioxide transport: the blood (or erythrocyte) pH increases upon deoxygenation, thus increasing the concentration of bicarbonate formed at a given carbon dioxide tension. In lampreys, the bicarbonate permeability of the erythrocyte membrane is low. As a consequence, extracellular acid loads cannot be buffered by haemoglobin. In contrast, teleost erythrocytes possess a functional anion exchange, allowing extracellular proton loads to be buffered by haemoglobin. However, because the buffering capacity of teleost haemoglobins is low, buffering of extracellular acid loads is less effective in teleost fish than in elasmobranch fish and in air-breathing vertebrates whose haemoglobins have a high buffering capacity. However, the high buffering capacity of the haemoglobins diminishes the possibility of regulating haemoglobin oxygen-affinity via secondarily active Na+/H+ exchange, because intracellular pH changes, caused by proton efflux, remain small.

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Miike, Akira, Zensuke Ogawa i Ikunosuke Sakurabayashi. "The development of an artificial stool usable for the surveillance of faecal haemoglobin testing". Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 55, nr 3 (9.10.2017): 394–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004563217732587.

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Background Faecal occult blood testing is an important diagnostic tool for the detection of colorectal cancer. However, it has not been standardized due to the absence of suitable specimens for surveillance. Methods We developed a ready-to-use artificial stool made from rice flour. This new artificial stool homogeneously contains not only human haemoglobin A0 (HbA0) but also glycerol as an internal standard material. After the collection of the artificial stool into a buffer, the haemoglobin concentration in dispersed solution was measured using a method based on the peroxidase like activity of haemoglobin. The glycerol concentration was measured using a commercially available triglyceride measurement kit. Results With regard to the haemoglobin stability, the decrease in the level of human haemoglobin in the artificial stool was <2% when it was stored at −80℃ for four months, −20℃ for two weeks, and 5℃ for two days. The artificial stool was easily collected with the collecting tubes of a commercially available faecal haemoglobin test kit. The weight of the collected artificial stool could be calculated by measuring the concentration of glycerol in the extracting solution of the collected stool sample. The haemoglobin concentrations could be adjusted based on their collection weights. Conclusions The artificial stool has a paste-like consistency and contains both haemoglobin and glycerol homogeneously. Furthermore, the measured haemoglobin concentration could be determined based on the collected stool weight, which was directly related to the glycerol concentration. These features make it a useful material for the surveillance of faecal occult blood testing.

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Amrithaashri S, Sridevi G i Archana Santhanam. "Effect of decreased haemoglobin concentration on audio visual reaction time". International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL3 (16.09.2020): 674–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl3.3000.

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Anaemia is defined as the decrease in the blood with haemoglobin concentration and has also been a very important public health issue that extremely affects the middle-income countries. The present study was planned to investigate the association between haemoglobin concentration with audiovisual reaction time. The study was conducted among I year BDS female student population of saveetha dental college and hospital. Based on Haemoglobin values, the study population was divided into two categories. Group 1- Female subjects whose haemoglobin concentration was above 10 G %. Group 2(anaemic group)- Female subjects whose haemoglobin concentration was below 10 G%. Audiovisual reaction time was determined by the audio visual meter. The student's test was used to analyse the relationship between haemoglobin level and audiovisual reaction time The effect of age above and below 20 years also were analysed for haemoglobin and ART, VRT association. Pearson Chi square test was used to analyse the difference between normal and anaemic individuals in the age group above and below 20 years. The results of the analysis revealed that haemoglobin concentration was inversely proportional to Audio visual reaction time. The association analysis done between age groups with audiovisual reaction time in normal and anaemic participants did not show significant change. Thus, the present study concludes that haemoglobin concentration is inversely related to audio visual reaction time. This may be attributed to lower neural activity and impaired nerve conduction produced by anaemia.

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Chien, Kuo-Liong, Ting-Yu Lin, Chen-Yang Hsu, Chang-Chuan Chan, Tony Hsiu-Hsi Chen i Li-Sheng Chen. "Association between faecal haemoglobin concentration and the risk of cardiovascular diseases among Taiwanese adults in a community-based screening cohort". BMJ Open 10, nr 6 (czerwiec 2020): e032633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032633.

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ObjectivesThe role of faecal haemoglobin as a colorectal cancer screening tool has been demonstrated. However, the association between the faecal haemoglobin concentration and the risk of cardiovascular disease events and deaths is still unclear.DesignCohort study design.SettingPopulation-based organised integrated service screening in Keelung City, TaiwanParticipantsA total of 33 355 healthy individuals aged over 40 years who were free of cardiovascular disease at study entry were followed up.Main outcomes and measuresNewly diagnosed cardiovascular disease events and deaths.ResultsAfter a median follow-up of 2.39 years, a total of 2768 participants developed cardiovascular events, and after a median follow-up of 8.43 years, 317 cases of cardiovascular deaths occurred. The risk of cardiovascular disease increased with baseline faecal haemoglobin in a dose–response manner, yielding a significant elevated risk of cardiovascular disease in parallel with the incremental concentration of faecal haemoglobin (adjusted HRs=1.04, 1.10, 1.40 and 1.23 for faecal haemoglobin concentrations of 1–19, 20–49, 50–99 and ≥100 ng/mL, trend test, p<0.0001, as compared with the reference group with undetectable faecal haemoglobin concentrations). A similar pattern was observed for the risk of cardiovascular disease deaths. In addition, the faecal haemoglobin improved the prediction performance of the model for the risk of cardiovascular diseases; the integrated discrimination improvement was 0.3% (p<0.001) for cardiovascular events and 0.1% (p=0.020) for cardiovascular deaths.ConclusionsOur data support that faecal haemoglobin concentrations may be associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The biological mechanisms underlying the role of faecal haemoglobin as health outcomes should be investigated.

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Al-Hassan, L. A. J., A. Y. Al-Abood i A. A. Al-Seyab. "Seasonal variations in the haemoglobin concentration and haematocrit values of Silurus triostegus". Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 20, nr 1 (30.06.1990): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3750/aip1990.20.1.08.

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Colombelli-Négrel, Diane, i Sonia Kleindorfer. "In superb fairy wrens (Malurus cyaneus), nuptial males have more blood parasites and higher haemoglobin concentration than eclipsed males". Australian Journal of Zoology 56, nr 2 (2008): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo07072.

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Blood parasites rupture mature red blood cells and so reduce haemoglobin concentration and hence the potential activity levels of infected males. We examined blood parasites and haemoglobin concentration in the superb fairy-wren (Malurus cyaneus) across three years and six locations in South Australia. We tested the prediction that males in nuptial plumage have more blood parasites and hence lower haemoglobin concentration than males in eclipsed plumage. Of 188 birds, 20 (10.6%) had blood parasites (Haemaproteus spp). We found that (1) there was an effect of season and sex on haemoglobin concentration; (2) there was no effect of haemoglobin concentration on prevalence of blood parasites or intensity; and (3) males in nuptial plumage had more blood parasites but higher haemoglobin concentration than eclipsed males.

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Hall, Andrew, Natalie Roschnik, Fatimata Ouattara, Idrissa Touré, Fadima Maiga, Moussa Sacko, Helen Moestue i Mohamed Ag Bendech. "A randomised trial in Mali of the effectiveness of weekly iron supplements given by teachers on the haemoglobin concentrations of schoolchildren". Public Health Nutrition 5, nr 3 (czerwiec 2002): 413–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2001327.

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AbstractObjective:To assess the effect on the haemoglobin concentrations of schoolchildren of weekly iron tablets administered by teachers.Design:Sixty schools were randomly assigned to two groups: in 30 schools children were given weekly for 10 weeks a tablet providing 65 mg of iron and 0.25 mg of folic acid; in the other 30 schools no iron tablets were given. All children were dewormed and given vitamin A before the study began. The haemoglobin concentration of up to 20 randomly selected children in each school was estimated before and 2 weeks after the end of treatment.Setting:Rural community schools in Kolondieba district of Mali.Subjects:Some 1113 schoolchildren aged 6–19 years with a mean of 11.4 years.Results:The haemoglobin concentration of treated children rose on average by 1.8 g l-1 (P < 0.001) and the prevalence of anaemia fell by 8.2% (P < 0.001); in untreated children the haemoglobin concentration fell by an average of -2.7 g l-1 (P < 0.001) and the prevalence of anaemia rose by 9.4% (P < 0.001). The fall in haemoglobin concentration among untreated girls of -4.0 g l-1 was greater than in untreated boys (-0.3 g l-1, P < 0.001).Conclusions:Weekly iron tablets given by teachers prevented a general fall in the haemoglobin concentrations of untreated children, and led to a small but statistically significant rise among treated children (P < 0.001). Young children benefited more than children aged ≥12 years, and girls benefited more than boys.

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Adeghe, A. J. H., E. O. Atiba, P. J. Murphy, G. I. Scott i J. E. Felmingham. "Change in haemoglobin concentration after caesarean section". Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 16, nr 1 (styczeń 1996): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/01443619609028373.

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Boulton, Frank. "Threshold Concentration of Haemoglobin in Donor Blood". Vox Sanguinis 77, nr 2 (wrzesień 1999): 108–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1423-0410.1999.7720108.x.

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Fraser, Callum G. "Faecal haemoglobin concentration measurement: an essential examination". Pathology 47 (2015): S15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.pat.0000461374.52520.cd.

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Kandemir, EG, A. Mayadagli, O. Turken, M. Yaylaci i A. Ozturk. "Pre-treatment Haemoglobin Concentration is a Prognostic Factor in Patients with Early-stage Breast Cancer". Journal of International Medical Research 33, nr 3 (maj 2005): 319–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147323000503300307.

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We investigated the prevalence of anaemia (haemoglobin concentration < 12 g/dl) in 336 women with early-stage breast cancer and its association with other known prognostic factors. The median follow-up period was 60.5 months (range 9-123 months). Seventy-nine women (23.5%) had a low pre-treatment haemoglobin concentration, but anaemia was not correlated with age, tumour size, nodal status, histological grade or hormone receptor status. Univariate analysis revealed that disease-free survival and overall survival were shorter in patients with anaemia at the time of diagnosis than in patients with normal haemoglobin concentrations. Anaemia remained a significant prognostic factor for disease-free survival and overall survival in the multivariate analysis (relative risk, 1.884 and 1.785, respectively). These results suggest that pre-treatment haemoglobin concentration is an independent prognostic factor in patients with early-stage breast cancer.

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PELSTER, BERND, i ROY E. WEBER. "INFLUENCE OF ORGANIC PHOSPHATES ON THE ROOT EFFECT OF MULTIPLE FISH HAEMOGLOBINS". Journal of Experimental Biology 149, nr 1 (1.03.1990): 425–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.149.1.425.

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The influence of organic phosphates on the reduction in oxygen-carrying capacity at low pH (Root effect) in multiple fish haemoglobins has been analysed spectrophotometrically. In stripped haemolysates of carp, trout and eel, the Root effect in the presence of ATP was manifested below pH7.0. In the absence of phosphates, it was only found in trout haemolysate In the pH range between 8.5 and 6.1 no Root effect could be induced in the cathodic component (Hbl) of either trout or eel haemoglobin, even in the presence of very high concentrations of ATP or GTP. This was also true for component II (Hbll) of trout. The anodic component (HblV) of both species, however, exhibited a strong Root effect potentiated by NTP. At the same NTP/Hb4 concentration ratio, GTP was much more effective than ATP in both species The involvement of different haemoglobin components in the generation of high oxygen tensions in the fish swimbladder is discussed by comparing in vivo Root effect data obtained with an eel swimbladder preparation with in vitro data measured in eel blood and haemoglobin.

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Schlein, Y., i R. L. Jacobson. "Haemoglobin inhibits the development of infective promastigotes and chitinase secretion inLeishmania majorcultures". Parasitology 109, nr 1 (lipiec 1994): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000077726.

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SUMMARYHaemoglobin or blood in the growth medium ofLeishmania majorinhibited the formation of infective promastigotes and the secretion of chitinases. Inoculation of mice with stationary-phase parasites from control medium caused infections in 20/29 mice, compared to 3/20 mice injected with parasites grown with 10% rabbit blood, or 1/30 mice that received parasites grown with rabbit haemoglobin. The concentration of peanut lectin (PNA) required to agglutinate promastigotes was used as an index of their infectivity, ranging from a high concentration for infective populations to a low concentration for relatively non-infective populations. Agglutination of 50% of the parasites from control medium or from medium containing rabbit haemoglobin required 4·1 μg PNA/ml and 0·1 μg PNA/ml, respectively. Chitinase activities/107parasites decreased from 4·8 units chitinase and 12·5 unitsN-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGase) in the control to 2·0 units chitinase and 8·5 units NAGase in cultures containing rabbit haemoglobin. Rabbit, human, bovine and pigeon haemoglobins had various inhibitory effects on the activity of chitinases and not on the virulence, as expressed by PNA agglutination. The relevance of the results to the cycle ofLeishmaniais discussed.

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Paiano, Renan B., Fábio C. Lahr, Lucas S. B. Silva, Diego S. Marques, Catia A. Ferreira, Daniela B. Birgel, Rafael S. Bisinotto i Eduardo H. Birgel Junior. "Haematological and biochemical profiles during the puerperium in dairy cows – Short communication". Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 67, nr 3 (wrzesień 2019): 377–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/004.2019.038.

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The main aim of the current study was to assess the prevalence of anaemia in Holstein dairy cows during the puerperium, and the haematological and biochemical profile of dairy cows with and without anaemia. The study was conducted in seven dairy herds in São Paulo State, Brazil. The evaluated sample comprised a total of 336 Holstein cows. Blood samples were collected at postpartum day 25 ± 3. Haematological analysis included white blood cell, red blood cell and platelet count, haematocrit value, haemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration. The biochemical profile encompassed cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, albumin, globulin, fibrinogen, calcium and total bilirubin concentrations. The prevalence of anaemia was 16.3% in all herds, and this was not affected by clinical diseases, milk production, parity and body score condition. Moreover, anaemic cows had lower red blood cell count, haematocrit, haemoglobin, serum cholesterol and calcium concentrations and higher white blood cell and platelet counts, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, red cell distribution width, non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, fibrinogen and globulin concentrations when compared with non-anaemic cows. The results indicate changes in energy balance and an inflammatory process in anaemic cows.

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Lester, Eva, A. D. Frazer, Carole A. Shepherd i F. J. Woodroffe. "Glycosylated Haemoglobin as an Alternative to the Glucose Tolerance Test for the Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus". Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 22, nr 1 (styczeń 1985): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000456328502200107.

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A comparison was made between the results of a standard 75 g oral glucose tolerance test and total haemoglobin A1 in 168 subjects referred by their general practitioners for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. The subjects were classified as having normal, impaired or diabetic glucose tolerance using WHO criteria. Of 108 subjects with normal glucose tolerance only three had haemoglobin A1 concentrations over 8%. Of 10 with impaired glucose tolerance two had haemoglobin A1 concentrations over 8%. Of 47 with diabetic responses, eight had haemoglobin A1 concentrations below 9%. There was a significant difference between the haemoglobin A1 concentration when fasting and that 2 hours after the glucose load in the subjects with a diabetic glucose tolerance response, but no significant difference between the two values in the other subjects.

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KORI-SAKPERE, Ovie, i Urowoli IKOMI. "Alterations in Some Haematological Parameters of The African Snakehead: Parachanna africans Exposed to Cadmium". Notulae Scientia Biologicae 3, nr 4 (17.11.2011): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb346299.

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The haematological alterations produced on exposure of the African snakehead, Parachanna africans to the sublethal concentration (0.0, 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 mg/L) of cadmium (Cd2+) for 21 days have been studied. Red blood cell (RBC) count, haemoglobin (Hb) concentration, haematocrit (Hct), the mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) levels were decreased with an increase in exposure concentration, but the level of the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) was increased. These alterations could be attributed to haemolysis and impairment of haemoglobin synthesis, resulting in a hypochromic microcytic anaemia, induced by exposure to cadmium. Cadmium exposure also caused significant decreases in white blood cell (WBC) count. The primary consequence of the observed changes in total and differential leucocyte counts in stressed fish was attributed to suppression of the immune system and increased susceptibility to disease. Plasma glucose and total plasma protein concentrations were significantly decreased; showing that cadmium affects the fish energy metabolism. The present study thus confirmed that haematological parameters are very sensitive indicators of fish organism response to chemicals in this case cadmium.

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COOPER, Chris E., David T. DELPY i Edwin M. NEMOTO. "The relationship of oxygen delivery to absolute haemoglobin oxygenation and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase redox state in the adult brain: a near-infrared spectroscopy study". Biochemical Journal 332, nr 3 (15.06.1998): 627–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3320627.

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Near-infrared spectroscopy was used to determine the effect of changes in the rate of oxygen delivery to the adult rat brain on the absolute concentrations of oxyhaemoglobin, deoxyhaemoglobin and the redox state of the CuA centre in mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase. The cytochrome oxidase detection algorithm was determined to be robust to large changes in haemoglobin oxygenation and concentration. By assuming complete haemoglobin deoxygenation and CuA reduction following mechanical ventilation on 100% N2O, the absolute concentration of oxyhaemoglobin (35 µM), deoxyhaemoglobin (27 µM) and the redox state of CuA (82% oxidized) were calculated in the normal adult brain. The mean arterial blood pressure was decreased by exsanguination. When the pressure reached 100 mmHg, haemoglobin oxygenation started to fall, but the total haemoglobin concentration and oxidized CuA levels only fell when cerebral blood volume autoregulation mechanisms failed at 50 mmHg. Haemoglobin oxygenation fell linearly with decreases in the rate of oxygen delivery to the brain, but the oxidized CuA concentration did not start to fall until this rate was 50% of normal. The results suggest that the brain maintains more than adequate oxygen delivery to mitochondria and that near-infrared spectroscopy may be a good measure of oxygen insufficiency in vivo.

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Sharp, Patrick, i Sandra Rainbow. "Continuous glucose monitoring and haemoglobin A1c". Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 39, nr 5 (1.09.2002): 516–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/000456302320314557.

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Background: Measurement of HbA1c is the standard test for assessment of glycaemic control in diabetic subjects. Using new glucose sensing technology we re-evaluated the significance of HbA1c in terms of the aspects of the blood profile it measures in patients with diabetes. Methods: In a group of 27 patients with type 1 diabetes, interstitial fluid glucose concentrations were monitored for a mean of 2·6 days using the Continuous Glucose Monitoring SystemTM (MiniMed Inc, CA, USA). Results were correlated with an HbA1c measurement taken at the time of sensor insertion. Results: Results were available in 25 subjects, two datasets being lost due to patient error. There was a correlation between mean sensor glucose value, and the HbA1c value ( r=0·59, P=0·002). The correlation with standard deviation of the readings was weaker (r=0·3, P=0·15). No other descriptor of the sensor glucose concentration correlated with HbA1c. Conclusion: The mean interstitial glucose concentration recorded with the Continuous Glucose Monitoring System correlates with HbA1c level recorded at the time, but with no other marker of glucose control in diabetic subjects. These results have implications for the interpretation of HbA1c concentrations in type 1 diabetes.

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Patnaik, Minati, Sephali Acharya i Amita Kumari Panigrahi. "Correlation of Haemoglobin Concentration with Maximal Aerobic Capacity - A Prospective Study in First Year MBBS Students of Southern Odisha". Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare 8, nr 22 (31.05.2021): 1758–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2021/332.

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BACKGROUND Decrease in haemoglobin concentration in blood, with normal blood volume results in lower V̇ O2max and endurance performance. This may be due to the reduction of the oxygen carrying capacity of blood. Conversely, increase in haemoglobin concentration is associated with increased V̇ O2max and endurance capacity. Increase in endurance capacity is also proportional to the increase in the oxygen carrying capacity of blood. Maximal aerobic capacity (V̇ O2max) is the maximum capacity of individual’s body to transport and use oxygen during incremental exercise which reflects physical fitness of that individual. Queen’s College Step Test is a standard method to measure one’s maximal aerobic capacity using sub maximal exercise in the form of bench stepping suitable for adults. The biological significance of oxygen transport by haemoglobin is well illustrated in anaemia where decreased haemoglobin also decreases exercise performance. The objective of the study is to find out the correlation between haemoglobin concentration and V̇ O2max by using Queen’s College Step Test. METHODS The study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, MKCG Medical College, Berhampur. A total of 150 1st year MBBS students aged between 17 and 24 yrs. were taken as subjects. Out of them 90 were males & 60 were females. Each subject performed the exercise for 3 minutes by Queen’s College Step Test. V̇ O2max was obtained by calculation. Haemoglobin concentration was measured by Acid Haematin method in Sahli’s Haemoglobinometer. RESULTS There was a significant positive correlation between haemoglobin concentration with VO2max in both males (r = 0.8618, P < 0.0001) and females (r = 0.5112, P < 0.0001) subjects. CONCLUSIONS Increase in Haemoglobin concentration is an indicator of increased V̇ O2max; hence persons with increased haemoglobin concentration may have increased exercise capability in both male and female subjects. KEYWORDS V̇ O2max, Haemoglobin concentration, Queen’s College Step Test

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Schreiber, Arnd, Francisco Braza, Cristina San José i Santiago Aragón. "Relationships of foetal haemoglobin level to age of newborn fallow deer (Dama dama)". Canadian Journal of Zoology 70, nr 12 (1.12.1992): 2364–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z92-317.

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The relative proportions of foetal and adult haemoglobins were quantified by densitometry of isoelectric focusing patterns in blood samples from 157 fawns from a free-living population of fallow deer (Dama dama) in Coto Doñana National Park, southwestern Spain. During the first week of life, the ratio of adult to foetal haemoglobin concentration increases with age. The proportion of foetal haemoglobin to total haemoglobin in peripheral blood proved a better indicator of age than morphological characteristics based on the persistence of natal traits in the fawns external phenotype. The erythrocytes of even the youngest fawns contained some adult haemoglobin, the mean percentage of adult haemoglobin in offspring less than 24 h of age being 13.7% in the reproductive season of 1989 (n = 28) and 7.18% in 1990 (n = 25). Half of the fawns whose blood contained less than 3% adult haemoglobin failed to survive past the first weeks of life (even when body mass was not below average), whereas not a single fawn with more than 5% adult haemoglobin on its first day of life was subsequently found dead. Even when the effects of sexual dimorphism in body size are taken into account, the blood of male fawns contained less adult haemoglobin at a given age than that of females, as was evident from significantly lower levels of adult haemoglobin when referenced to several body size covariates such as body length, shoulder height, hind-foot length, and body weight.

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Fraser, Callum G., i Sally C. Benton. "Detection capability of quantitative faecal immunochemical tests for haemoglobin (FIT) and reporting of low faecal haemoglobin concentrations". Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) 57, nr 5 (24.04.2019): 611–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2018-0464.

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Abstract Faecal immunochemical tests for haemoglobin (FIT) are widely used in asymptomatic population screening for colorectal (bowel) cancer. FIT are also used to assist with the assessment of patients presenting with lower abdominal symptoms. Quantitative FIT allow the generation of numerical estimates of faecal haemoglobin (f-Hb) concentrations. There is now great interest in “low” f-Hb concentrations in these clinical settings: in consequence, knowledge of the detection capability is very important for f-Hb concentration examinations. There are a number of current problems associated with the reporting of low f-Hb concentrations and wide misunderstanding of the metrological aspects of examinations of f-Hb at low concentrations. These would be solved if the detectability characteristics of f-Hb concentration examinations, namely, the limit of blank (LoB), limit of detection (LoD) and limit of quantitation (LoQ), were generated, validated and used in reporting systems exactly as recommended in the EP17-A2 guideline of the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute. LoB and LoD are statistical concepts, but the LoQ depends on definition of analytical performance specifications (APS). In this Opinion Paper proposals for interim APS are made, based on the current state of the art achieved with examinations of faecal samples. It is proposed that LoQ is determined at an examination imprecision of CV≤10% using faecal samples naturally positive for Hb rather than faeces spiked with haemolysate. Detailed proposals for reporting f-Hb data at low concentrations are also made.

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Payne, Collin F., Justine I. Davies, F. Xavier Gomez-Olive, Katherine J. Hands, Kathleen Kahn, Lindsay C. Kobayashi, Brent Tipping, Stephen M. Tollman, Alisha Wade i Miles D. Witham. "Cross-sectional relationship between haemoglobin concentration and measures of physical and cognitive function in an older rural South African population". Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 72, nr 9 (21.04.2018): 796–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2018-210449.

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BackgroundAge cohort differences in haemoglobin concentrations and associations with physical and cognitive performance among populations of lower income and middle-income countries have not previously been described. We examined the association between these factors among older men and women in rural South Africa.MethodsWe analysed cross-sectional data from a population-based study of rural South African men and women aged 40 and over (n=4499), with data drawn from questionnaire responses, a cognitive battery, objective physical function tests and blood tests. Anaemia was defined as a haemoglobin concentration <12 g/dL for women and <13 g/dL for men. We related haemoglobin concentrations to each of age, grip strength, walk speed and a latent cognitive function z-score for men and women separately. We used unadjusted correlations and linear models to adjust for comorbidities and inflammation.ResultsIn total, 1042 (43.0%) women and 833 (40.1%) men were anaemic. Haemoglobin concentrations were inversely correlated with age for men but not for women; in adjusted analyses, haemoglobin was 0.3 g/dL lower per decade older for men (95% CI 0.2 to 0.4 g/dL). In adjusted analyses, haemoglobin concentration was independently associated with grip strength in women (B=0.391, 95% CI 0.177 to 0.605), but this did not reach significance in men (B=0.266, 95% CI −0.019 to 0.552); no associations were observed between haemoglobin levels and walk speed or cognitive score.ConclusionsAnaemia was prevalent in this study population of middle-aged and older, rural South African adults, but in contrast to high-income countries, it was not associated with poor physical or cognitive function. Our findings need to be replicated in other populations.

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HINCHLIFFE, R. F., D. NORCLIFFE, L. M. FARRAR i J. S. LILLEYMAN. "Mean cell haemoglobin concentration in subjects with haemoglobin C, D, E and S traits". Clinical & Laboratory Haematology 18, nr 4 (grudzień 1996): 245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2257.1996.tb01287.x.

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Bunyaratvej, Ahnond, Punnee Butthep, Suthat Fucharoen i Daisy Saw. "Erythrocyte Volume and Haemoglobin Concentration in Haemoglobin H Disease: Discrimination between the Two Genotypes". Acta Haematologica 87, nr 1-2 (1992): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000204704.

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Yonar, Muhammed Enis. "Ameliorative Effect of Lycopene on Haematological Indices of Common Carp Cyprinus carpio, Linnaeus, 1758 Exposed to Cypermethrin". Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 5, nr 10 (2.10.2017): 1161. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v5i10.1161-1164.1289.

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The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of lycopene in alleviating the toxicity of cypermethrin (CYP) on haematological parameters in carp, Cyprinus carpio. Fish (totally 140 fish) were exposed to sublethal concentrations (0.202 and 0.404 μg/L) of CYP, and lycopene (10 mg per kg of fish weight) was simultaneously administered. At the end of 28 days administration, blood samples were collected and haematological changes (red and white blood cell count, haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit level, and erythrocyte indices: mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration) were determined. According to the data obtained, CYP was determined to lead to negative alterations in the haematological parameters investigated. The administration of lycopene alleviated this effect.

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Al Shakour, A. A., i A. A. Al Suhail. "Percentage of HbS among cases of sickle-cell trait in Basra, Iraq". Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 6, nr 2-3 (15.06.2000): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/2000.6.2-3.233.

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The proportion of sickle haemoglobin [HbS] was determined in 170 sickle-cell-trait individuals; 75 [44.1%] individuals had HbS% > 38%, 54 [31.8%] had HbS% between 31% and 38% and 41 [24.1%] had HbS% < 31%. There was positive correlation between HbS% and haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume and target cell percentage. Multiple regression analysis indicated that measurement of haemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular haemoglobin and target cell percentage could be used to predict the HbS%

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Zangrandi, Priscilla Lóra, André Faria Mendonça, Ariovaldo Pereira Cruz-Neto, Rudy Boonstra i Emerson M. Vieira. "The impact of botfly parasitism on the health of the gracile mouse opossum (Gracilinanus agilis)". Parasitology 146, nr 8 (27.03.2019): 1013–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003118201900026x.

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AbstractFragmented habitats generally harbour small populations that are potentially more prone to local extinctions caused by biotic factors such as parasites. We evaluated the effects of botflies (Cuterebra apicalis) on naturally fragmented populations of the gracile mouse opossum (Gracilinanus agilis). We examined how sex, food supplementation experiment, season and daily climatic variables affected body condition and haemoglobin concentration in animals that were parasitized or not by botflies. Although parasitism did not affect body condition, haemoglobin concentrations were lower in parasitized animals. Among the non-parasitized individuals, haemoglobin concentration increased with the increase of maximum temperature and the decrease of relative humidity, a climatic pattern found at the peak of the dry season. However, among parasitized animals, the opposite relationship between haemoglobin concentration and relative humidity occurred, as a consequence of parasite-induced anaemia interacting with dehydration as an additional stressor. We conclude that it is critical to assess how climate affects animal health (through blood parameters) to understand the population consequences of parasitism on the survival of individuals and hence of small population viability.

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Digby, Jayne, Callum G. Fraser, Francis A. Carey, Robert H. Diament, Margaret Balsitis i Robert JC Steele. "Faecal haemoglobin concentration is related to detection of advanced colorectal neoplasia in the next screening round". Journal of Medical Screening 24, nr 2 (1.07.2016): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969141316653983.

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Objective To examine associations between faecal haemoglobin concentrations below the cut-off used in colorectal cancer screening and outcomes in the next screening round. Methods In the Scottish Bowel Screening Programme, faecal haemoglobin concentrations and diagnostic outcomes were investigated for participants with a negative result (faecal haemoglobin concentrations < 80.0 µg Hb/g faeces), followed by a positive result within two years. Results Of 37,780 participants with negative results, at the next screening round, 556 (1.5%) screened positive and 30,293 (80.2%) negative. Initial median faecal haemoglobin concentrations (2.1 µg Hb/g faeces, IQR: 0.0–13.2) were higher in those with subsequent positive results than those with subsequent negative results (0.0 µg Hb/g faeces, IQR: 0.0–1.4; p < 0.0001). Using faecal haemoglobin concentrations 0.0–19.9 µg Hb/g faeces as reference, logistic regression analysis showed high adjusted odds ratios for advanced neoplasia (advanced neoplasia: colorectal cancer or higher risk adenoma) detection at the next round of 14.3 (95% CI: 8.9–23.1) in those with initial faecal haemoglobin concentrations 20.0–39.9 µg Hb/g faeces, and 38.0 (95% CI: 20.2–71.2) with 60.0–79.9 µg Hb/g faeces. Conclusions A higher proportion of participants with faecal haemoglobin concentrations of ≥ 20 µg Hb/g faeces had advanced neoplasia detected at the next round than participants with lower faecal haemoglobin concentrations. Although most relevant when using high faecal haemoglobin concentrations cut-offs, studies of faecal haemoglobin concentrations and outcomes over screening rounds may provide strategies to direct available colonoscopy towards those at highest risk.

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Webster, Robert A., Peter Molnar i Stephen E. Kahn. "Comparative interference by haemolysis in automated assays for bilirubin at multiple analyte concentrations". Journal of Automatic Chemistry 11, nr 6 (1989): 254–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1463924689000490.

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The negative interference caused by haemolysis in manual bilirubin assays contrasts with the positive interference reported for some automated methods utilizing the same basic chemistry. A comparison was therefore made of the haemolysis interference associated with several automated bilirubin methodologies: multilayer film (Kodak Ektachem- total bilirubin (TBil), direct bilirubin (DBil), conjugated bilirubin (Bc), unconjugated bilirubin (Bu),; tableted reagents (Baxter Paramax- TBil, DBil); continuous flow (Technicon SMAC — TBil). Thirty serum pools were analysed (five concentrations of bilirubin, 2-229 μmol/l; six concentrations of haemoglobin, 0.00002-0.052 mmol/1). All methods, except one (Bc), exhibited both positive and negative interference, depending upon the relative haemoglobin and bilirubin concentrations. This interference, at any given haemoglobin concentration, was neither constant nor proportional with increasing bilirubin concentration. These complex patterns of interference suggest that the best characterization of interference is obtained when (1) both percentage-difference and absolute-difference ‘interferographs’ are plotted; and (2) the interference is determined at multiple analyte concentrations.

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THOMSEN, K., B. RIIS, S. KRABBE i C. CHRISTIANSEN. "Testosterone Regulates the Haemoglobin Concentration in Male Puberty". Acta Paediatrica 75, nr 5 (wrzesień 1986): 793–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.1986.tb10292.x.

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Leuenberger, Nicolas, Céline Schobinger, Olivier Salamin, Martial Saugy i Tiia Kuuranne. "RNA stabilized blood tubes to measure haemoglobin concentration". Drug Testing and Analysis 9, nr 6 (17.04.2017): 942–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dta.2179.

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Magnussen, K., H. C. Hasselbalch, H. Ullum i O. W. Bjerrum. "Characterization of blood donors with high haemoglobin concentration". Vox Sanguinis 104, nr 2 (15.08.2012): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1423-0410.2012.01644.x.

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Magnussen, K., H. Hasselbalch, H. Ullum i O. W. Bjerrum. "Characterization of blood donors with high haemoglobin concentration". ISBT Science Series 8, nr 1 (31.05.2013): 114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/voxs.12041.

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Kaliñski, Adam, Mirostawa Bańbura, Michat Glądalski, Marcin Markowski, Joanna Skwarska, Jarosłtaw Wawrzyniak, Piotr Zieliński, Iwona Cyżewska i Jerzy Bańbura. "Relationship between Blood Haemoglobin and Glucose Concentrations in Adult Great Tits (Parus Major) and Blue Tits (Cyanistes Caeruleus)". Avian Biology Research 9, nr 3 (wrzesień 2016): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/175815516x14627920824583.

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Haematological and blood chemistry variables are widely used in ecophysiological research as physiological indices of body condition in various vertebrate taxa. In this study, we analysed relationships between blood glucose and blood haemoglobin concentrations of adult birds in wild populations of Blue Tits ( Cyanistes caeruleus) and Great Tits ( Parus major) during the breeding season in central Poland. We found that blood glucose and blood haemoglobin concentrations are negatively correlated. We also show that individual Blue Tits have higher mean haemoglobin levels adjusted for the common value of glucose concentration than individual Great Tits and that females of both species have higher mean haemoglobin concentrations than males. Our results suggest that haematological as well as biochemical variables may be used in tune as complementary indices of body condition in wild bird populations.

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Hammouda, A. M. A., i G. E. Mady. "Correction formula for carbamylated haemoglobin in diabetic uraemic patients". Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 38, nr 2 (1.03.2001): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0004563011900407.

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The measurement of carbamylated haemoglobin is a useful indicator of uraemic state during the preceding few weeks in patients with renal failure. In diabetic uraemic patients with hyperglycaemia, glycation of haemoglobin may interfere with its carbamylation, as both reactions involve the free amino groups of the protein. The aim of this study was to investigate the carbamylation of haemoglobin in the presence of hyperglycaemia. The study included 29 patients with chronic renal failure on regular haemodialysis, 14 diabetic and 15 non-diabetic patients, and 10 healthy controls. We found a significant correlation between the degree of haemoglobin carbamylation and mean blood urea concentration in both uraemic and control subjects. Carbamylation of haemoglobin was higher in both diabetic and non-diabetic chronic renal failure patients, but there were no significant differences between the groups regarding mean blood urea concentration or level of haemoglobin carbamylation. Carbamylated haemoglobin per unit of blood urea concentration was lower in the diabetic patients. Using a correction formula to account for the degree of haemoglobin glycation, there was no longer a significant difference in carbamylation per unit of blood urea concentration. In vitro incubation of red blood cells from six healthy and six diabetic non-uraemic patients in 70mmol/L urea showed a significantly lower carbamylation in the diabetic patients, but there was no significant difference when using corrected carbamylated haemoglobin values. We conclude that glycation of haemoglobin affects its carbamylation and that monitoring of uraemia in a diabetic patient necessitates the use of carbamylated haemoglobin value corrected for the degree of glycation.

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Akhter, D., Md R. Amin, N. Akhter, Md A. Rahman i Md M. Islam. "Study of TVC Count and Haemoglobin Concentration in Female Athletes". Journal of Medical Science & Research 8, Number 1 (1.01.2007): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47648/jmsr.2007.v0801.02.

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The present study was designed to observe ABC and haemoglobin concentration in female table/es. For this purpose, a total member of 60 /oaks. age ranged from 17-38 years. were selected Thirty of them were athletes 101IperillK011eli group) and 30 non-athletes (comrolh Athletes were selected form Dhanonadi Mohan Krira Comptes ad controls fiat students of Dhaka University. ROC man and haemoglobin concentration were measured by electronk reO water method. RBC moot was land significantly lower in athletes than that of controls but Mere was no change in haemoglobin concentration. The reat of the study 'weals that lowered RBC coma was due to mechanical damage of ersahrocytic membrane leading to shortening of mean life span of ROC.

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Watanabe, Yuki, Kayo Osawa, Itsuko Sato, Sota Iwatani, Ruri Kono, Ikuyo Hayakawa, Nobuhide Hayashi, Kazumoto Iijima, Jun Saegusa i Ichiro Morioka. "Foetal haemoglobin concentration at postmenstrual age is unaffected by gestational age at birth". Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 55, nr 3 (20.07.2017): 400–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004563217721253.

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Background Our aim was to determine whether the postnatal age or postmenstrual age is a more appropriate criterion for evaluating foetal haemoglobin concentrations. Methods Blood samples ( n = 1095) were obtained from 394 infants and were divided into two groups based on gestational age at birth: <37 weeks ( n = 491) and ≥37 weeks ( n = 604). (1) Foetal haemoglobin concentrations divided by one month at age after birth were compared between the groups. (2) Foetal haemoglobin concentrations divided into ≤9 months from last menstruation and one month thereafter were compared between the groups. Results In samples from infants ≥37 weeks’ gestational age at birth, the median foetal haemoglobin concentrations were 69.5%, 21.4% and 3.6% at 0–1 month, 2–3 months and ≥5 months after birth, respectively. The median foetal haemoglobin concentrations in infants <37 weeks’ gestational age at birth were 75.5%, 62.7% and 5.1% at 0–1 month, 2–3 months and ≥5 months after birth, respectively. The median foetal haemoglobin concentrations in infants <37 weeks’ gestational age at birth were significantly higher than that in infants ≥37 weeks’ gestational age at birth at all postnatal age points. (2) There was no significant difference between the groups at all age points after nine months of postmenstrual age: 72.5 and 75.3% at 9–10 months, 25.1 and 26.6% at 11–12 months and 5.5 and 4.6% at >13 months after last menstruation in infants ≥37 and <37 weeks’ gestational age at birth, respectively. Conclusions Evaluation of foetal haemoglobin concentrations at postmenstrual age is unaffected by gestational age at birth.

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Brittain, T., i R. Simpson. "An analysis of the stopped-flow kinetics of gaseous ligand uptake and release by adult mouse erythrocytes". Biochemical Journal 260, nr 1 (15.05.1989): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2600171.

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Ligand uptake and release by the haemoglobin contained within adult mouse erythrocytes was studied by using dual-wavelength stopped-flow techniques. The rate of O2 uptake is very much lower than that expected for an equivalent concentration of haemoglobin in free solution. The O2-concentration-dependence found in uptake experiments is greater than first-order. CO uptake shows the same pattern of reactivity as does O2, but the associated rates of uptake are lower and the concentration-dependence of the CO rates is first-order. O2 release from the adult erythrocytes was measured by stopped-flow mixing with Na2S2O4. Under these circumstances the deoxygenation of intracellular haemoglobin shows accelerating time courses. The apparent rate-constant-dependence on dithionite concentration shows a rate limit at high reductant concentrations. Computer simulations of both ligand uptake and release processes were carried out by using a three-dimensional model. The simulations clearly indicate that in rapid-mixing experiments the rather slow experimentally observed O2 uptake rate is due to rate-limiting diffusion through an extracellular stagnant solvent layer. In the case of O2 release, however, the major rate-controlling process is the rate of O2 dissociation from the haemoglobin molecules, which accelerates during the deoxygenation process.

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Symonds, Erin L., Stephen R. Cole, Dawn Bastin, Robert JL Fraser i Graeme P. Young. "Effect of sample storage temperature and buffer formulation on faecal immunochemical test haemoglobin measurements". Journal of Medical Screening 24, nr 4 (10.01.2017): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969141316686808.

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Objectives Faecal immunochemical test accuracy may be adversely affected when samples are exposed to high temperatures. This study evaluated the effect of two sample collection buffer formulations (OC-Sensor, Eiken) and storage temperatures on faecal haemoglobin readings. Methods Faecal immunochemical test samples returned in a screening programme and with ≥10 µg Hb/g faeces in either the original or new formulation haemoglobin stabilizing buffer were stored in the freezer, refrigerator, or at room temperature (22℃–24℃), and reanalysed after 1–14 days. Samples in the new buffer were also reanalysed after storage at 35℃ and 50℃. Results were expressed as percentage of the initial concentration, and the number of days that levels were maintained to at least 80% was calculated. Results Haemoglobin concentrations were maintained above 80% of their initial concentration with both freezer and refrigerator storage, regardless of buffer formulation or storage duration. Stability at room temperature was significantly better in the new buffer, with haemoglobin remaining above 80% for 20 days compared with six days in the original buffer. Storage at 35℃ or 50℃ in the new buffer maintained haemoglobin above 80% for eight and two days, respectively. Conclusion The new formulation buffer has enhanced haemoglobin stabilizing properties when samples are exposed to temperatures greater than 22℃.

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Chowdhury, Akhtarunnessa, i Masudul Haq. "Alteration of haematolocial parameters of "zeol fish"- Clarias batrachus exposed to malathion". Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 40, nr 2 (29.03.2013): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v40i2.14311.

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Clarias batrachus, locally called zeol fish, reared in fresh water on protein diet were exposed to 5% (8.77 mg/l active ingredient) and 10% (17.74 mg/l active ingredient) concentrations of malathion at 24 h intervals, for three weeks in cement tanks containing 580 liters of water with a constant flow (1.5/1 min) of aerated dechlorinated tap water with no recirculation under natural light. Weekly two cc venous blood was drawn from each sample to determine the haematolocial parameters using EDTA (ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid) as an anticoagulant. The findings of this study showed that malathion in different concentrations have some diverse effects on the haematological parameters of Clarias batrachus. Exposer to 10% concentration of malathion was found to have a lethal effect on RBC, thrombocyte, neutrophil and Hb concentration which caused death of the fish with the sign of hypochromic microcytic anemia. Exposer to 5% concentration, on the other hand, showed leucopoenia due to decreased leucocyte counts. Haemoglobin (Hb) concentrations and values of mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and differential count of WBC levels showed decreased values at 5% concentration of malathion. Significant decrease (P<0.05) in Hb and concentration and MCH were observed during the exposer to the pesticide malathion. No significant difference (P>0.05) was observed in the levels of RBC, MCHC, PCV, MCV and WBC. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v40i2.14311 Bangladesh J. Zool. 40(2): 183-188, 2012

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Brown, Louise F., i Callum G. Fraser. "Effect of delay in sampling on haemoglobin determined by faecal immunochemical tests". Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 45, nr 6 (9.09.2008): 604–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/acb.2008.008024.

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Background Faeces must be sampled directly onto guaiac-based faecal occult blood test (FOBT) cards since analysis of specimens collected in traditional faeces containers is inappropriate because degradation of haemoglobin continues after faeces have been passed. Newer faecal immunochemical tests (FIT) are replacing FOBT, but it is likely that the practice of obtaining specimens in traditional faeces collection containers for later analysis will continue. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of delay in stool sampling on FIT. Methods Five specimens of faeces from healthy volunteers, all qualitatively FIT negative, were supplemented with whole blood haemolysate to three different FIT positive concentrations. Each sample was analysed daily after 1–14 days delay using a quantitative latex immunoturbidimetric-based FIT and also after five and ten days delay using a qualitative FIT. Results Haemoglobin concentrations fell each day, the rate being generally proportional to the original haemoglobin concentration. After eight days delay, no sample had a haemoglobin concentration >100 ng/mL and, after nine days, no sample had a haemoglobin concentration >50 ng/mL. After five days delay, five of the 15 supplemented faeces with initially positive qualitative FIT had negative FIT; after 10 days, none had positive FIT. Conclusion False-negative results will occur if sampling of fresh faeces into or onto FIT collection devices is delayed. Laboratories that undertake FIT analyses on faeces collected into traditional containers are likely to miss significant neoplasia. FIT collection devices must be used for sampling fresh faeces.

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Larson, Leila M., Sabine Braat, Mohammed Imrul Hasan, Martin N. Mwangi, Fernando Estepa, Sheikh Jamal Hossain, Danielle Clucas i in. "Preanalytic and analytic factors affecting the measurement of haemoglobin concentration: impact on global estimates of anaemia prevalence". BMJ Global Health 6, nr 7 (lipiec 2021): e005756. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005756.

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The accuracy of haemoglobin concentration measurements is crucial for deriving global anaemia prevalence estimates and monitoring anaemia reduction strategies. In this analysis, we examined and quantified the factors affecting preanalytic and analytic variation in haemoglobin concentrations. Using cross-sectional data from three field studies (in children, pregnant and nonpregnant women), we examined the difference in haemoglobin concentration between venous-drawn and capillary-drawn blood measured by HemoCue (ie, preanalytic) and modelled how the bias observed may affect anaemia prevalence estimates in population surveys and anaemia public health severity classification across countries. Using data from an international quality assurance programme, we examined differences due to instrumentation from 16 different haematology analyzers (ie, analytic). Results indicated that capillary and venous haemoglobin concentrations are not in agreement (bias +5.7 g/L (limits of agreement (LoA) −11.2, 22.6) in preschool age children; range from −28 g/L to +20 g/L in pregnant women; bias +8.8 g/L (LoA −5.2, 22.9) in non-pregnant women). The bias observed could introduce changes in population survey estimates of anaemia of up to −20.7 percentage points in children and −28.2 percentage points in non-pregnant women after venous adjustment. Analytic variation was minimal and unlikely to influence the diagnosis of anaemia. These findings suggest that global estimates of anaemia prevalence derived from capillary haemoglobin, as they often are, may be inaccurate and lead to erroneous public health severity classification, but that point-of-care, or other, instruments should not introduce variation if properly used.

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Story, C. J., A. P. Roberts i R. G. Ryall. "Borderline maintenance of erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentrations in normoxic type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetic subjects". Clinical Science 70, nr 2 (1.02.1986): 127–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0700127.

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1. Erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and haemoglobin A1C concentrations were measured in 26 clinically normoxic patients with type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus. The concentration of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate theoretically required to maintain normal erythrocyte oxygen delivery function in each subject was calculated and compared with the measured concentrations. 2. In the majority of diabetic patients 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentrations were sufficient to keep the erythrocyte oxygen dissociation curve within the normal range under otherwise normal blood conditions. There was, however, a minority of patients in which this was not true. 3. It is concluded that the increased erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentrations in clinically normoxic diabetic subjects are generally less than compensatory for the effect of haemoglobin A1C formation on the haemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve.

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Colletto, G. M. D. Dal, D. W. Fulker, O. C. de O. Barretto i M. Kolya. "Genetic and Environmental Effects on Blood Cells". Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae: twin research 42, nr 3-4 (październik 1993): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000156600000324x.

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AbstractIn a sample of 105 concordant sex MZ and DZ twin pairs, the following characteristics were measured: red cell count, haemoglobin concentration, package cell volume, mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin, mean cell haemoglobin concentration, reticulocytes, platelets, white cell count and the six types of leucocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, band and segmented neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils. The statistical model employed in the univariate twin analysis allows for three sources of variation: genetic (h2), shared environmental (c2) and specific environmental influences (e2). A genetic component was significant for red cell count, haemoglobin and mean cell haemoglobin (0.64, 0.60 and 0.46 respectively), with heritable variation suggested for package cell volume, mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin, lymphocytes and monocytes. Shared environmental variation was only present for neutrophils.

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