Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Guanxi”
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Goggin, Liu, Aidan Kelly i John F. Hulpke. "Good Guanxi, Bad Guanxi?" International Corporate Responsibility Series 3 (2007): 297–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/icr2007319.
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Gong, Baiyun, Xin He i Huei‐Min Hsu. "Guanxi and trust in strategic alliances". Journal of Management History 19, nr 3 (21.06.2013): 362–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmh-08-2012-0054.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to distinguish different types of guanxi from a historic perspective and to investigate the effects of different types of guanxi on trust between alliance partners through an empirical study.Design/methodology/approachThe paper first reviews the role of guanxi in Chinese history and identifies two types of guanxi. Next, it reports an empirical study that tests the effects of these two types of guanxi on interorganizational trust through a survey among automobile parts suppliers in China.FindingsFirst, this paper identifies two types of guanxi: role‐based hierarchical guanxi endorsed by Confucianism and soil‐rooted egocentric guanxi derived from daily practices of Chinese people. The ever changing social environment in Chinese history supports a spiral development model of guanxi evolution. Each of the two types of guanxi takes a dominant position in different periods of time. Second, a subsequent empirical study demonstrates that, in today's Chinese business environment, role‐based guanxi makes a more significant impact on interorganizational trust than soil‐rooted guanxi. Moreover, these two types of guanxi produce a positive synergistic effect and facilitate each other in boosting interorganizational trust.Originality/valueThis is the first paper that identifies and empirically tests the effects of role‐based hierarchical guanxi and soil‐rooted egocentric guanxi. More broadly, the paper highlights the importance of studying guanxi from a historic perspective. It demonstrates how a historical analysis may further the understanding of guanxi and its effect on interorganizational trust in today's business context.
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Zhang, Jilong, i Nattavud Pimpa. "Embracing Guanxi". International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management 1, nr 1 (styczeń 2010): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jabim.2010010103.
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Guanxi is deeply ingrained in Chinese society and business etiquette; therefore, it is critical to understand and appreciate it to gain a commercial foothold in China. This paper explores the fundamental differences between Chinese and Western approaches to business dealings, to identify the factors that make it difficult for Western managerial practises to adopt guanxi. The authors identify the differences in the perception of trust in both societies and how this ultimately leads to clashes in cultures. However, there is also a need for Western practices to be more flexible and appreciate guanxi and its implications if multinational corporations are to succeed in China. The paper concludes by suggesting a possibility for both approaches to co-operate well, given the relative success of each approach in their respective cultures.
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Han, Ruihui. "THE FUNCTION OF INFORMAL GUANXI CIRCLE IN ANCIENT CHINA POLITICAL STRUCTURE". International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 5, nr 3 (31.03.2017): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i3.2017.1755.
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Guanxi circle play a critical role in ancient China politics. Based on guanxi, two kinds of guanxi groups formed: formal guanxi circle and informal guanxi circle. The former refers to the group centered the emperor; the latter refers to the groups with the powerful and charismatic figures as the core, except for the emperor. In order to consolidate the political power, the emperors in different periods would try to prevent the informal guanxi circle in political structure. Besides, various scriptures also denounce the informal guanxi circle, deeming such circle as harmful. The judgement of informal guanxi circle appeals to research, as there is no previous researcher has address such problems. This study set out to examine whether the informal guanxi circle is harmful to the whole political structure. Results show that the informal guanxi circle, in the antecedent of satisfactory communication, can be extremely meaningful to the whole political structure. This study implies that the fact of informal guanxi circle is on the contrary of the common sense derived from the scriptures and the superficial ancient political activities, such as the emperor’s order to prevent the informal guanxi circle. The findings can contribute a better understanding of the ancient informal guanxi circle in ancient political structure in China.
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Hong, Chen Huan, Dauw-Song Zhu i Louis P. White. "Colleague guanxi intensity: Scale development and validation". Journal of Management & Organization 19, nr 6 (listopad 2013): 756–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2014.14.
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AbstractThis research reviews the constructs and measurements of guanxi and concludes that colleague guanxi is appropriately conceptualized as a multidimensional construct that describes Chinese colleague relationships. The development of a colleague guanxi scale with four dimensions is described. Two studies test the convergent, discriminant, and nomological validity of the guanxi scale. In validation tests guanxi intensity increases with cognition features (subjective fit and cognitive trust) and results in a positive affect (affective trust). Contributions of the colleague guanxi scale are offered.
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Chen, Xi. "The State-Owned Enterprise as an Identity: The Influence of Institutional Logics on Guanxi Behavior". Management and Organization Review 16, nr 3 (lipiec 2020): 543–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mor.2020.14.
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ABSTRACTPrevious research has debated whether guanxi persists or declines with the development of formal institutions. This study addresses this debate by investigating how the development of formal institutions in China's state-owned organizations influences employees’ guanxi behavior. Building on institutional logics theory, I propose that guanxi behavior is a reaction to the socialist institutions adopted by state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and is associated with the collective identity of SOEs. Thus, employees’ identification with SOEs is the mechanism that influences their guanxi behavior. A survey of 721 employees from 12 organizations compared guanxi behavior across three types of organizations with different degrees of state ownership: SOEs, public firms, and joint ventures. The results showed that the employees of joint ventures identify less with SOEs and engage in less guanxi behaviors than do SOE employees. The employees of public firms still identify with SOEs, and their guanxi behavior did not differ from that of SOE employees. Identification with SOEs mediated the effect of organizational type on guanxi behavior, whereas formalization did not. Therefore, the development of formal institutions does not necessarily decrease guanxi behavior, and its effect depends on whether the collective identity underlying guanxi is changed. This study has important implications for guanxi research, institutional logics theory, and transition economies.
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Chang, Artemis, Carlin Guo, Roxanne Zolin i Xiaohua Yang. "Guanxi as a complex adaptive system: definition, description and underlying principals". Journal of Asia Business Studies 8, nr 2 (29.04.2014): 81–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jabs-12-2012-0058.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to critically review the extant guanxi literature to identify the major inconsistencies in the way guanxi is currently conceptualized. The authors develop a conceptualization of guanxi which views guanxi as a complex adaptive system. Design/methodology/approach – Electronic databases were queried for the keyword guanxi. This study offers an extensive review of the current literature, highlighting four major inconsistencies, namely, the breadth, linguistic-cultural depth, temporality and level of the conceptualization and analyses of guanxi. Findings – In reviewing the extant literature, the authors find four levels of inconsistency that contribute to a lack of clarity in the way guanxi is conceptualized. They define guanxi as a complex adaptive system involving a dynamic formed by the strategic establishing, evolving, utilizing and maintaining of personal relationships based on social norms of trust and reciprocal obligation unique to the Chinese culture. Research limitations/implications – This approach has the advantage of capturing the dynamic and emerging nature of guanxi over time, while encompassing the underlying principles of the evolving networks as part of the definition. Practical implications – The authors' new definition makes it easier to explain to people of other cultures. The appropriate level of breadth allows guanxi to be distinguished from associated concepts. This provides guidance for non-Chinese people to help understand guanxi and avoid cross-cultural misunderstandings and conflict. Originality/value – Having a clear and inclusive definition of the cultural practice of guanxi will integrate the growing literature and theoretical dialogue surrounding the phenomena. This will allow for consistent study of guanxi and its underlying principles, making integration of the various studies conceptually easier.
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Wu, Ruxin, Shuyuan Ming i Fei Huang. "Guanxi and Unethical Behavior in the Chinese Workplace: Job Satisfaction As a Mediator". Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 47, nr 3 (31.03.2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.7294.
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We explored the effects of guanxi prevalence and guanxi practices on 3 types of unethical work behavior (UWB), proposing that job satisfaction would mediate the relationship between guanxi in the workplace and employees' UWB. Data were collected from 379 employees working for companies in China. Results of hierarchical regression analysis revealed that guanxi prevalence had a positive relationship with property-related UWB and conventional and minor (ordinary) UWB, such as doing personal business in company time. Guanxi practices had a significant positive relationship with violation of laws and regulations, property-related UWB, and ordinary UWB. Both guanxi prevalence and guanxi practices had a significantly negative relationship with job satisfaction, and job satisfaction had a significant negative correlation with violation of laws and regulations, property-related UWB, and ordinary UWB. Job satisfaction partially mediated the relationship between guanxi prevalence and ordinary UWB. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
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Ko, Wai Wai, i Gordon Liu. "A Typology of Guanxi-Based Governance Mechanisms for Knowledge Transfer in Business Networks of Chinese Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises". Group & Organization Management 42, nr 4 (3.02.2016): 548–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1059601115627942.
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Guanxi has strong implications for interactions among individuals in Chinese society. This study investigates guanxi-based governance mechanisms in the context of knowledge transfer among Chinese small and medium-sized manufacturing firms. We analyze, in-depth, qualitative interview data gathered from 78 Chinese engineers who work for Chinese small and medium-sized die-casting manufacturers. Our findings reveal that guanxi influences the production of three forms of guanxi-enabled trust: guanxi-enabled relational trust, calculative trust, and institutional trust. By combining these forms of trust, we generate a typology of seven guanxi-based governance mechanisms for knowledge transfer—“guanxi-hu,” “huibao,” “lun,” “gan-qing,” “jiao-qing,” “ren-qing,” and “mianzi.” We discuss the research and managerial implications of our findings.
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Yuan, Xina, Sang Yong Kim, Tae Ho Song i Jin Won Lee. "Business Relationship Strategy for Foreign-Invested Enterprises in China: The Moderating Role of Competitive Structure and Entry Type". Journal of Asian and African Studies 53, nr 5 (29.06.2017): 703–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909617714276.
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Although the role of Guanxi in China as a form of relationship marketing (RM) has received increasing attention in recent years, few empirical studies have indicated that Guanxi has more impact on performance than RM in the Chinese market. Foreign-invested enterprises (FIEs) may have some difficulty in fully practicing RM in China without considering the influence of Guanxi. In this regard, this study is guided by the following research question: “In China, which factors influence the differences in the impacts created by RM and Guanxi?” In this study, we first provide an overview of previous research on Guanxi, focusing on the fundamental differences between Guanxi and RM. We then provide an empirical analysis of the differential effects of Guanxi and RM on firm performance by investigating 297 FIEs in China. The results suggest that Guanxi and RM are not trade-off options in today’s Chinese market. Guanxi and RM have synergetic effects on firm performance, that is, they have differential effects based on the mode of market entry and the competitive structure. Guanxi is more likely to influence firm performance for collaboration-based entry firms rather than entry without collaboration firms, whereas RM is more likely to influence firm performance when FIEs’ main competitors are foreign firms than when they are local firms.
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Jiang, Han, Albert Cannella, Lifang Gao i Jie Jiao. "Inward−outward guanxi contagion and employees’ responses to managerial guanxi practices". Journal of Management & Organization 19, nr 5 (wrzesień 2013): 613–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2014.6.
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AbstractOur study develops a new conceptual framework in which guanxi practices (managerial use of interpersonal ties to benefit their organizations) are analyzed by their focus (resources flowing inward or resources flowing outward) and their base (familiar – based on friendship ties; or family – based on kinship ties). Using this framework, we highlight the linkage between costs and benefits from using guanxi in Chinese business organizations, and show how the linkage depends on the guanxi base. Finally, we show how guanxi focus and guanxi base importantly affect employee responses to the use of guanxi practices in their organizations.
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Shou, Zhigang, Yu Gong i Qiyuan Zhang. "How boundary spanners' guanxi matters: managing supply chain dependence in China". International Journal of Operations & Production Management 42, nr 3 (15.02.2022): 384–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijopm-08-2021-0492.
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PurposeInterorganizational dependence is considered as a liability for each firm and needs to be managed properly. Rather than exploring the opportunistic outcome of dependence, the authors focus on the moderating role of supply chain boundary spanners' guanxi. This study tends to uncover the way and the conditions under which boundary spanners' guanxi influences dependence-opportunism relationships.Design/methodology/approachUsing a survey of 380 buyer–supplier exchanges in China, this study first examines the relationship between dependence and opportunism, then assesses the contingent role of boundary spanners' guanxi and further tests how unfairness perception and legal inefficiency alter the role of guanxi in managing dependence.FindingsThis study finds that buyer dependence increases supplier opportunism while supplier dependence lowers supplier opportunism. Boundary spanners' guanxi weakens the opportunism-facilitating impact of buyer dependence and mitigates the opportunism-restricting effect of supplier dependence. However, unfairness perception would attenuate the value of guanxi in restricting depended sides' opportunism but strengthen the value of guanxi in motivating depending sides' opportunism; legal inefficiency would amplify the value of guanxi in facilitating depending suppliers' opportunism.Originality/valueFirst, the study enriches supply chain dependence studies by incorporating interpersonal guanxi into the investigation of dependence-opportunism relationships. Second, the study adds to the supply chain management literature by uncovering a contrasting role of guanxi in influencing the dependence-opportunism relationship. Third, the study incorporates an agency view to uncover two boundary conditions under which guanxi is mobilized for personal interest seeking or for organizational purposes.
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Zhang, Wei-Bin. "Economic Growth and Human Networking". Izvestiya Journal of the University of Economics - Varna 65, nr 1 (25.03.2021): 5–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/ijuev2021.65.1.5.
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The purpose of study is to examine the role of guanxi or human networks on economic development. We are concerned with dynamic interdependence between wealth, guanxi and human capital in a neoclassical growth model. Guanxi changes due to investment in human networking and can affect productivities of economic activities. Establishing guanxi costs time, consumer goods and capital goods. We introduce guanxi into the Solow-Uzawa growth model. We simulate the nonlinear dynamic model. The economic system has a unique stable equilibrium point. We are mainly concerned with the effects of changes in some parameters on the equilibrium and transitional processes of the economic dynamics. We get some insights into interdependence between guanxi and economic growth. For instance, if trust deteriorates among member of society which results in a rise in deterioration rate of guanxi, then the guanxi becomes weaker and the human capital falls; the household spends more hours on establishing guanxi and less hours on work; the national output, national capital and national output fall; the wage rate and rate of interest fall; and the per household wealth and consumption levels of two goods fall.
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Chang, William Li, i Peirchyi Lii. "The impact of Guanxi on Chinese managers' transactional decisions: A study of Taiwanese SMEs". Human Systems Management 24, nr 3 (3.08.2005): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/hsm-2005-24304.
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Guanxi is an important source of competitive advantage; managers in Chinese enterprises have especially placed enormous emphasis on it. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between managers' initiative toward a Guanxi formation and their transactional decisions within the network. Findings of this study suggest that managers' initiative in setting up a Guanxi network has important impact on their perceptions toward members in the network; and in turn, the perception has an impact on their transactional decisions within the Guanxi network. More specifically, managers would employ relational mark-down and compensatory mark-up to differentiate Guanxi members from non-Guanxi members in making transactional decisions.
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Gao, Yan, i Shailaja Fennell. "The Role of Tunqin Guanxi in Building Rural Resilience in North China: A Case from Qinggang". China Quarterly 229 (6.02.2017): 44–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741017000029.
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AbstractThis paper explores the role of guanxi, particularly in its special form of tunqin, in building rural resilience in a poverty-stricken county in north China. The emphasis of this paper is placed on the nature and function of such guanxi. By presenting how guanxi is maintained, this paper also analyses the impact and effectiveness of local guanxi as a strategy to cope with poverty. Whereas tunqin guanxi appears to have built rural resilience in order to cushion villagers against life's upheavals, the maintenance of rural guanxi diminishes this resilience as scarce resources are spent on the exchange of cash gifts, thus aggravating local poverty.
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Wang, Chao-Hung, i Kuan-Liang Chen. "Guanxi: competitive advantage or necessary evil?" Review of International Business and Strategy 28, nr 1 (5.03.2018): 111–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ribs-07-2017-0058.
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Purpose Guanxi, an invisible aspect of many levels of interaction in economic life, has increased in importance in recent years; however, this subject has been underappreciated in high-tech industries. High-tech firms can choose to use guanxi with their partners as a key component of their competitive advantage or to view guanxi as necessary evil that is required to complete business exchanges. This paper aims to evaluate how guanxi contributes to or impedes a high-tech firm’s innovation performance. Design/methodology/approach This study proposes and tests a nonlinear model that explores the positive and negative impact of guanxi on the innovation performance using a sample of 184 high-tech firms located in Taiwan Science Park. Findings In contrast to the mainstream of findings in the previous literature, the authors find that guanxi is a competitive advantage in constructing new business networks; however, additional increase of guanxi may even decrease innovation performance. This view opens up new research avenues in the context of high-tech industries and suggests directions for future research and practice. Research limitations/implications Academics and practitioners know little about the unfavorable aspects of this variable. Future studies might develop specific measurement scales that capture the negative side of strong guanxi. Beyond the positive side of variables that have been amply studied, such as affection and kindness, other interesting negative side of variables that may be considered in future studies are blood (Tsang, 1998), extortion (Dunfee and Warren, 2001) and favoritism (Hwang et al., 2009). Originality/value The authors contribute to the research on guanxi and innovation performance, in that this study extends guanxi literature beyond the intuitive conclusion that innovation performance can be significantly enhanced in Asian countries’ business networks by leveraging guanxi as competitive advantage, and further demonstrating when and how guanxi can be harmful for high-tech firms’ innovation performance.
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Guo, Chun, i Jane K. Miller. "Guanxi Dynamics and Entrepreneurial Firm Creation and Development in China". Management and Organization Review 6, nr 2 (lipiec 2010): 267–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8784.2010.00180.x.
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Guanxi networks are critical for achieving entrepreneurial success in China. Informed by the literatures on network-based entrepreneurship and guanxi, this study used a multiple-case method to examine the development of Chinese entrepreneurs' guanxi networks in the entrepreneurial process. Data induction based on within- and cross-case analyses of six entrepreneurial firms revealed three major findings. First, guanxi network dynamics in terms of network structure, governance mechanisms, and network content change systematically across the stages of the entrepreneurship process. Second, the usefulness of guanxi ties (such as family, business associates, or government officials) is contingent on the stage of the entrepreneurial process as well as on industrial-level factors. Third, in knowledge-intensive industries, cultivating and maintaining guanxi can be achieved through knowledge and information exchange rather than traditional gift-giving or favours. The overall conclusion is that guanxi is still of paramount importance for Chinese entrepreneurs in the midst of China's transformation from a centrally planned to a socialist market economy. We propose a stage model of guanxi network development in the entrepreneurial process and discuss implications for future research.
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Han Fan, Ying, Gordon Woodbine i Glennda Scully. "Guanxi, a two-edged sword! How Australian accounting professionals view the process within a moral framework". Managerial Auditing Journal 29, nr 8 (26.08.2014): 695–716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/maj-11-2013-0957.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to determine how Western business practitioners, specifically Australian accounting professionals, identify with the Chinese value concept of guanxi and the impact of their perceptions of guanxi on their ethical decision-making. This objective is predicated by a belief that aspects of guanxi are similar to the Western concepts of social networking and would be identified by practitioners as an organizational process providing positive benefits to those associated with its application. Further, it is anticipated that concepts of guanxi influence the way Australian accountants form ethical judgements and intentions, precursors to acceptable moral behaviour. Design/methodology/approach – A cross-sectional questionnaire based on a survey of 111 usable Australian accounting professionals was completed during 2012. A confirmatory factor analysis was used to validate each construct of guanxi before a path analysis was performed. Findings – Australian accounting professionals associate well with the favour-seeking aspects of guanxi, suggesting an affiliation with Western concepts of social networking. Both groups (i.e. public accountants and private accountants) reject rent-seeking guanxi as clearly unethical. Rent-seeking guanxi is seen to directly influence ethical judgement and intention; however, their favour-seeking guanxi attitudes do not influence ethical judgement or intention, regardless of employment type. Public and private accountants apply guanxi in a differential manner when determining moral intention. Public accountants are viewed as acting spontaneously without adequately considering the consequences (via the judgement phase), which appears to be a function of the nature of their personal association with the case study applied in this research. Originality/value – The research provides evidence that Australian accounting professionals relate to favour-seeking guanxi as representative of a broader notion of social networking. In this context, the guanxi instrument appears to be amenable to cross-cultural evaluations of group behaviour. Significant differences of opinion exist compared to the prior Chinese studies when unethical practices are considered. The guanxi instrument proves to be a useful tool when examining the group interactions involving Western professionals and also helps establish differences in moral constructions based on employment types.
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Ren, Han, i Charles Weizheng Chen. "Why do Chinese employees engage in building supervisor-subordinate guanxi?" Chinese Management Studies 12, nr 1 (3.04.2018): 148–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cms-07-2017-0203.
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Purpose This paper aims to explore why some Chinese subordinates will engage in building guanxi with their supervisor while others will not. The authors conceptualize subordinates’ initiative behaviors which aim at building up or improving guanxi with their supervisors through social interactions as supervisor–subordinate guanxi (SSG)-building behaviors. Guided by the theory of planned behavior (TPB), this study examines how three psychological antecedents (guanxi orientation as attitude, individual perception of group-level guanxi practice as subjective norm and person–supervisor [P-S] fit perception as perceived control) independently and interactively predict subordinates’ SSG-building behaviors. Design/methodology/approach The authors used a sample of 162 supervisor–subordinate dyads from four enterprises located in Southwest China. Findings Results indicated that P-S fit perception is most strongly related to subordinates’ SSG-building behaviors, followed by guanxi orientation and individual perception of group-level guanxi practice perception. Guanxi orientation is also found to strengthen the positive effect of P-S fit perception on subordinates’ SSG-building behaviors. Originality/value The authors’ findings shed light on the psychological mechanisms of Chinese subordinates’ behaviors to build up or improve guanxi with their supervisors, and advance the current understanding of SSG development from a planned behavioral perspective.
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TSUI, ANNE S., i JIING-LIH LARRY FARH. "Where Guanxi Matters". Work and Occupations 24, nr 1 (luty 1997): 56–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0730888497024001005.
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Ruan, Ji. "Ritual Capital". Asian Journal of Social Science 45, nr 3 (2017): 316–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685314-04503005.
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This research focuses on the use of guanxi (Chinese personal connections) in everyday urban life. Although there is much research focused on guanxi, little is known about the specific tactics of developing and using guanxi in Chinese urban society. The study presented here aims to fill this gap. Data was drawn from two ethnographic studies of school place allocation in two Chinese cities during 2012 and 2013. The research finds that ritual is vital in all forms of la guanxi (instrumental guanxi practice) and that ritual exists at almost every stage of this process. The practice of ritual becomes an important way of using and developing one’s guanxi capital, and “instrumental li” is the shared value behind ritual practice in guanxi. Based on this finding, a new concept called “ritual capital” is proposed. This refers to a part of an individual’s social capital that is mainly established and maintained by the practice of proper ritual; namely, the ability to use ritual for resources or benefits.
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Han, Ruihui. "Why Was It the Ming Dynasty that Engendered the Guanxi Motif in Fiction?" Interlitteraria 25, nr 2 (31.12.2020): 443–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/il.2020.25.2.15.
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Compared to other informal social network mechanisms, guanxi is more common in China and is the most typical. Even in daily life, it is indispensable. Hence, in Chinese fiction, the guanxi motif is prevalent and important. Interestingly, before the Ming dynasty, guanxi was not a literary motif in fiction. This article suggests that three factors contributed to the rise of the guanxi motif in fiction in the Ming dynasty. The first was the boom in fiction writing, especially in the genre of realism, that occurred in this era, which expanded the scope of literary representation. The second was the degradation of public morals in the Ming dynasty, a momentous social transition that Ming fiction writers noted and portrayed. Guanxi, as a disruptive social mechanism that dismantled previous models of human connection, became a focus in their works. The third was the fact that the atmosphere of money worship promoted by guanxi, together with official corruption, facilitated widespread social inequality. Guanxi, as the crux of inequity, inspired writers to expose social turpitude. More importantly, the guanxi motif satisfied the need for plot conflict in literary works. Thus, it became a necessary motif in Ming fiction.
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Han, Ruihui. "Why Was It the Ming Dynasty that Engendered the Guanxi Motif in Fiction?" Interlitteraria 25, nr 2 (31.12.2020): 443–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/il.2020.25.2.15.
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Compared to other informal social network mechanisms, guanxi is more common in China and is the most typical. Even in daily life, it is indispensable. Hence, in Chinese fiction, the guanxi motif is prevalent and important. Interestingly, before the Ming dynasty, guanxi was not a literary motif in fiction. This article suggests that three factors contributed to the rise of the guanxi motif in fiction in the Ming dynasty. The first was the boom in fiction writing, especially in the genre of realism, that occurred in this era, which expanded the scope of literary representation. The second was the degradation of public morals in the Ming dynasty, a momentous social transition that Ming fiction writers noted and portrayed. Guanxi, as a disruptive social mechanism that dismantled previous models of human connection, became a focus in their works. The third was the fact that the atmosphere of money worship promoted by guanxi, together with official corruption, facilitated widespread social inequality. Guanxi, as the crux of inequity, inspired writers to expose social turpitude. More importantly, the guanxi motif satisfied the need for plot conflict in literary works. Thus, it became a necessary motif in Ming fiction.
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Zhao, Xiaoli, i Pavel Castka. "Unravelling the role of guanxi in the formation and management of international joint ventures – a systematic review of the literature". Review of International Business and Strategy 31, nr 1 (16.02.2021): 103–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ribs-06-2020-0068.
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Purpose The formation of international joint ventures (IJVs) is one of the prevalent approaches for Western companies to conduct business in China. Yet, doing business in China is difficult for many firms, partially because of the institutional voids that are created by weak formal institutions. The paper aims to focus on the role of guanxi (an informal institution and a company capability that fills such institutional void) in the formation and management of IJVs. Design/methodology/approach A systematic literature review on the role of guanxi in IJV formation and management is conducted based on papers published in top international business journals between 2005 and 2020 – in total, 47 papers are included in the review. Findings The findings of the study are presented in four themes, namely, the role of guanxi as social capital in IJV formation, the role of trust in guanxi-based IJVs, the role of control mechanisms in balancing high reliance on trust in guanxi-based IJVs and the role of guanxi in managing inconsistencies in the regulatory environment. The analysis also reveals that guanxi has a positive effect on the development of IJVs if control between the parent firms is well balanced; otherwise, guanxi can trigger opportunism and leads to failures. Practical implications The study unravels how guanxi leads to successful outcomes in IJV formation and management, which assist managers who operate IJVs with their decision-making. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no previous paper has critically analysed the literature on IJVs using a guanxi perspective at micro (personal), meso (business) and (macro) governmental levels. This approach allows for providing more nuanced view of the role of guanxi in the formation and management of IJVs and aligns more closely with managerial decision-making.
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Xu, Jia, Baoguo Xie i Bin Tang. "Guanxi HRM Practice and Employees’ Occupational Well-Being in China: A Multi-Level Psychological Process". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, nr 7 (1.04.2020): 2403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072403.
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Chinese employees may experience and respond to guanxi human resource management (HRM) practice (e.g., recruiting, selecting, inducting and appraising employees based on personal relationships). Little has been done to examine the linkage between guanxi HRM practice and employees’ occupational well-being. This study investigates the psychological process of how guanxi HRM practice affects employees’ occupational well-being. The theoretical model of this study proposes that employee psychological safety mediates the relationship between guanxi HRM practice and occupational well-being, while collectivistic team culture moderates the relationship between guanxi HRM practice and psychological safety. Multi-level data from 297 employees nested within 42 teams support all hypotheses. This study reveals the cross-level effects of guanxi HRM practice and providing practical suggestions for future research on psychologically safe and healthy work environments.
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Shen, Lu, Chuang Zhang i Wenbo Teng. "The double-edged effects of guanxi on partner opportunism". Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 34, nr 6 (1.07.2019): 1313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-01-2018-0039.
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Purpose This study aims to examine the double-edged effects of guanxi on opportunism and the moderating effects of legal enforceability and partner asset specificity. It thus differs from the current literature, which primarily focuses on the benevolent effects of guanxi. Design/methodology/approach Based on matched data collected from 268 sales manager and salesperson dyads, this study tested hypotheses using hierarchical regressions. Findings The empirical test supports the conceptual model and demonstrates two findings. First, guanxi between boundary spanners follows an inverted U-shaped relationship with inter-firm opportunism. Second, both the benefits and drawbacks of guanxi are stronger under the condition of low legal enforceability and high partner asset specificity. Research limitations/implications The study did not untangle guanxi into different dimensions and did not investigate how firms should make trade-offs between the benefits and drawbacks of guanxi. Therefore, future research could further explore this question by using a multidimensional approach. Practical implications The study alerts managers that guanxi is a double-edged sword, so they should complement it with formal control mechanisms, particularly when they are operating in legally inefficient regions or when their partner firm’s asset specificity is high. Originality/value The study offers a more balanced view of guanxi by showing both its positive and negative effects on opportunism. It also uncovers legal enforceability and partner asset specificity as two boundary conditions that influence the curvilinear effects of guanxi on opportunism.
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Tam, Steven. "From understanding business guanxi to practising it: a golden rule for MNCs in China". Journal of Chinese Human Resource Management 7, nr 1 (9.05.2016): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jchrm-06-2016-0008.
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Purpose This article reveals a managerial issue that multinational corporations (MNCs) in China are at a strategic crossroad where their employees are competing with the same sources of guanxi networks for different business deals simultaneously. Design/methodology/approach Triggered by a real company case in China and guided by a literature review on business guanxi, the author bridged them into a specific inquiry, as little was known and should be further examined. Findings The author identified a paradoxical/applied scenario in MNCs between the use of guanxi and overall firm performance damaged by overusing it. Research limitations/implications Empirical studies are deemed necessary to seek more understanding between the role of guanxi and MNCs in China. Practical implications Guanxi is not a straightforward guarantee of business achievements in China. Management should note the influence of its actors – own employees – who can potentially diminish the positive returns of guanxi on overall firm’s achievements because of non-obvious interplays among employees and “contacts” on the overlapping guanxi networks. The larger the organisation, the higher the risk is. Originality/value This article proposes a new line of thoughts for practitioners about the effect of business guanxi on overall firm performance and serves as a starting point for academics to explore empirical research. The concept of overlapping guanxi networks is institutionalised and discussed. A three-step rule is also suggested for MNCs as a basic solution.
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Zhao, Liang, i Tsvi Vinig. "Guanxi, trust and reward-based crowdfunding success: a Chinese case". Chinese Management Studies 14, nr 2 (17.05.2019): 455–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cms-02-2019-0041.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine different hypotheses concerning the effects of guanxi on the reward-based crowdfunding project fundraising. Specifically, this study provides new insights into how guanxi and guanxi intensity may affect reward-based crowdfunding success and project performance in the Chinese context. Design/methodology/approach The research data including 989 crowdfunding projects were collected from zhongchou.com which is the largest reward-based crowdfunding platform in a one-year period (2014.1-2014.12). The hypotheses are tested by using robust OLS regressions and robust logistic regressions. Robustness check was also conducted to test the validation of the results. Findings This paper found that project developers’ guanxi-establishing behavior conducted before launching their own projects such as being fans of other projects and supporting other projects are positively related to project success. In addition, the intensity of guanxi-establishing behavior positively influences project performance in a significant way. Besides, the establishment and maintenance of project developers’ guanxi with funders during the fundraising process are also positively associated with project success and fundraising performance. Originality/value Based on the theory of trust, this paper offers an interesting and novel perspective to investigate reward-based crowdfunding success in the Chinese context by taking guanxi and guanxi intensity into consideration.
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Li, Yanyan, Zhenzhong Si, Yuxin Miao i Li Zhou. "How Does the Concept of Guanxi-circle Contribute to Community Building in Alternative Food Networks? Six Case Studies from China". Behavioral Sciences 12, nr 11 (2.11.2022): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs12110432.
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As social innovations that help to transition towards a more sustainable food system, alternative food networks (AFNs) in China have attracted much scholarly attention in recent years. However, studies of the community building behavior of AFNs at the micro-level in the Chinese social context are scant. Through in-depth case studies conducted between 2017 and 2021 and social network analysis, our study examines how founders of AFNs successfully facilitate community building among their customers. We find that in China, the traditional social-cultural construct, guanxi, plays a critical role in AFNs’ community formation and expansion. The study identifies a three-stage framework for understanding the community building process of AFNs. First, a group of guanxi of the same kind would form a guanxi-circle. Second, the initial guanxi-circle is enhanced and expanded to multiple secondary guanxi-circles. Third, these multiple guanxi-circles together and the interactions among them constitute the community of AFNs. We argue that to strengthen the community, AFNs operators should inspire key members to form secondary guanxi-circles by enhancing their cognitive trust and emotional trust.
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Li, Min. "The Study on Guanxi Structure of Colleagues in the Background of Chinese Culture and its Influence on Individual Job Performance". Advanced Materials Research 268-270 (lipiec 2011): 747–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.268-270.747.
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Based on the study on the literature, combined with interviews, this paper theoretically proposed four dimensions of the guanxi structure among colleagues in the background of Chinese culture (emotional, instrumental, obligations and face.) Through the data of 611 valid questionnaires from enterprises with different sizes and natures, the models of guanxi structure between colleagues are obtained ,which have Chinese cultural characteristics.Through regression analysis, we find that the guanxi between colleagues has a positive influence on individual job performance, but the guanxi does a different direction of the impact in sub-domains of job performance from the sub-domains of coworker guanxi, and the influences are also different.
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Guthrie, Douglas. "The Declining Significance of Guanxi in China's Economic Transition". China Quarterly 154 (czerwiec 1998): 254–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000002034.
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Recently a number of scholars have examined guanxi (connections/social relationships) and its role in the structure of Chinese society as the economic transition progresses. While many China scholars view guanxi as a deep-seated cultural fact of Chinese society, I view guanxi as an institutionally defined system – i.e. a system that depends on the institutional structure of society rather than on culture – that is changing in stride with the institutional changes of the reform era. Some scholars have argued that social networks and the use of these networks to exchange gifts and favours (guanxi xue or guanxi practice) are increasing in imnnrtanre. in China's transition.
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Zhang, Man, i Janet Hartley. "Does guanxi influence product performance and customer loyalty?" Journal of Asia Business Studies 12, nr 3 (6.08.2018): 233–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jabs-06-2016-0082.
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Purpose This paper aims to propose and test a model examining the relationship of guanxi with new product performance and customer loyalty in the context of internationalizing small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in China. Social network theory and information processing theory provide the theoretical lenses for this research. Design/methodology/approach Guanxi with suppliers, distributors and customers is measured as a second-order construct consisting of ganqing, renqing, and xinren/xinyong. Research hypotheses are tested using survey data (n = 212) gathered in Anhui and Shandong Provinces. The data are analyzed using smart partial least squares technique. Findings The findings reinforce existing studies, which show that a locally based social network can be extended to the success of early-internationalizing SMEs. Results also suggest that the relationship between guanxi and customer loyalty is stronger when technical uncertainty is low and when market uncertainty is low rather than high. Research limitations/implications The data were gathered from the point of view of the SMEs and may not accurately reflect the perspective of the foreign customer. The findings may not generalize beyond the regions surveyed. The study does not differentiate among the type of supply chain member, and the location of the supply chain member was not measured. Practical implications Although guanxi is typically viewed as being localized within a country, guanxi with suppliers, distributors and customers can provide information and resources needed for successful export products. Second, internationalizing SMEs must understand that even though guanxi has positive impact on new product performance which directly leads to customer loyalty only when uncertainty is low. Originality/value Although guanxi has been studied, there are a limited number of empirical studies of guanxi in a supply chain context and most focus on buyers’ guanxi with suppliers. The research on guanxi with customers and distributors is also limited. This research addresses this gap by focusing on guanxi with suppliers, distributors and customers.
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Yan, Peilin. "Supervisor‐Subordinate Guanxi and Employee Voice Behavior: Trust in Supervisor as a Mediator". Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 46, nr 7 (1.07.2018): 1169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.7098.
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Previous researchers have shown that supervisor‐subordinate guanxi (s‐s guanxi) is related to a wide range of subordinates’ work-related outcomes, such as voice behavior; however, few have examined the correlation between s‐s guanxi and employee voice behavior. With a sample of 221 employees and their supervisors from 3 private companies in China, I examined the mediating effect of trust in supervisor on the relationship between s‐s guanxi and employee voice behavior by using structural equation modeling and bootstrapping analysis. Results showed that s‐s guanxi was positively related to employees’ promotive and prohibitive voice, and that trust in supervisor partly mediated these correlations. My findings extend extant research on the effects of s‐s guanxi on employee voice behavior and can be used as a guide by companies adopting diverse measures to achieve good s‐s behavior and, in turn, inspire employees’ voice behavior.
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Han, Ruihui. "Jin Ping Mei: A Story of Guanxi". Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore 85 (kwiecień 2022): 7–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/fejf2022.85.han.
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No fiction is without a narrative of human relationships. In Chinese literary history, the stories represented by Jin Ping Mei are especially seen as dealing with human relationships. Some researchers have interpreted Jin Ping Mei from the perspective of human relationships; however, the generic concept cannot describe social connections in Chinese culture. The concept of guanxi, the ubiquitous and quotidian social network in China, better describes the specific human relationships in this fiction. Guanxi as a Chinese cultural phenomenon originating from Confucianism is effective in procuring resources through instrumental and sentimental mechanisms. In Jin Ping Mei, which is centered on Ximen Qing, a guanxi network connects all the characters. Ximen Qing’s fortune is built on guanxi manipulation. Guanxi, however, which was expected to embody Confucian values, violated Confucian principles in the late Ming context. Jin Ping Mei marks a turning point for attitudes toward guanxi in literary representation, and this derogatory attitude persisted in the narrative of fiction throughout the Qing dynasty.
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Bu, Nailin, i Jean-Paul Roy. "Guanxi Practice and Quality: A Comparative Analysis of Chinese Managers’ Business-to-Business and Business-to-Government Ties". Management and Organization Review 11, nr 2 (czerwiec 2015): 263–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mor.2015.13.
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ABSTRACTThis study provides new insight into guanxi practice and quality differences between business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-government (B2G) ties in China. The results, based on data obtained through structured interviews with 108 Chinese managers across eight cities in China, reveal stark differences between the practices used in developing B2B ties and those used in developing B2G ties. More specifically, these two tie types differ in a variety of guanxi initiation, building, and utilization practices. This study also builds upon the process model of guanxi development by highlighting the dissimilar role of gift giving practices in B2B and B2G ties. Furthermore, this study measures guanxi quality as a separate concept from guanxi process and demonstrates that guanxi quality is a multidimensional concept that is composed of affective attachment and felt obligation, both of which vary across B2B and B2G ties. Implications of these results for theory development and managerial practice in China are also discussed.
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Lin, Xun, i Hua Huang. "From strong guanxi to weak guanxi: Connectivity in Chinese micro-charity". Chinese Journal of Sociology 3, nr 3 (lipiec 2017): 473–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2057150x17704810.
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Charity in China is deeply rooted in the guanxi tradition and mainly involves strong ties. In the wake of emerging social media, online charity (also known as micro-charity) has become increasingly popular over the past few years. People’s participation in micro-charity is afforded by the ubiquitous connectivity of social media. Their charitable behaviours are steered towards connecting, communicating, and eventually contributing to the formation of a powerful digital environment, which essentially diffuses the awareness of responsibility and commitment. Thus, the affordance of connectivity makes it possible for Chinese people to break from the traditional tightly-bounded close ties towards loosely-bounded networks in micro-charity. In addition, by drawing on some college students’ experiences, this article indicates that connectivity affords people’s active engagement with micro-charity, which in turn fosters their distinct subjectivity pertaining to a social life that is intertwined with new media technology.
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YUAN, Kuo-Shu, Tung-Ju WU i Margaret FLYNN. "The Influence of Work-Family Conflict on Taiwanese Expatriates' Burnout and Turnover Intention in China: Guanxi as a Moderator". Revista de Cercetare si Interventie Sociala 64 (6.03.2019): 140–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33788/rcis.64.12.
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Guanxi has been shown to play an important role in the management of Taiwanese expatriates assigned to China. In this study, we examined the relationships between expatriates’ work-family conflict, burnout, and intent to return early and the moderate role of supervisor-subordinate Guanxi in these relationships from the perspective of job demands-resources model. We used a two-waved data from a sample of 257 Taiwanese expatriates in China, and the results supported the moderating hypotheses of supervisor-subordinate Guanxi. Besides, burnout mediated the effect of work-family conflict on intent to return early, only when Taiwanese expatriates perceived low levels of supervisor-subordinate Guanxi. Finally, Guanxi would be a buffer for expatriate assignment management in the Chinese context.
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Lim, Myungsuh. "The effect of guanxi on organizational commitment via harming behavior: The moderated mediation role of envy". Journal of General Management 47, nr 3 (27.03.2022): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03063070211027141.
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The purpose of this study is to examine the mediation role of harming behavior (HB) in the relationship of guanxi and organizational commitment (OC) by using a moderated mediation model. In addition, this study explores whether malicious envy (ME) can moderate the relationship of OC and guanxi when mediated by HB. Data were collected from 215 employees who had experience working in an organization in the United States. An integrated mediation and moderation model was evaluated. The findings contribute to understanding of the effects of guanxi on OC. Although guanxi relationships between supervisors and subordinates directly promote OC, the high level of ME in response to guanxi relationships among coworkers in the workplace leads to a high level of HBs, reducing OC.
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Ma, Zejun, Hira Salah ud din Khan, Muhammad Salman Chughtai, Mingxing Li, Bailin Ge i Syed Usman Qadri. "A Review of Supervisor–Subordinate Guanxi: Current Trends and Future Research". Sustainability 15, nr 1 (1.01.2023): 795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010795.
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Supervisor–subordinate guanxi is an emerging research area in assessing the link between superior and subordinate inside an organization, and due to its significance in the Chinese setting, this topic has become widely attractive. Yet, because this concept still needs attention to understand the dynamics of guanxi, more research on the content, antecedents and other expert opinions of supervisor–subordinate guanxi is required. In light of the literature review, this study will make a commentary on the findings of both domestic and international research on supervisor–subordinate guanxi from the perspective of the following three aspects: supervisor–subordinate guanxi’s content, its antecedents, functions, and its findings. Finally, it will highlight the dearth of recent research and suggest future directions for supervisor–subordinate guanxi research.
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Liang, Jianghan. "Is Guanxi Ethical? Evidence from Medical Reps in China". Frontiers in Business, Economics and Management 6, nr 3 (14.12.2022): 232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/fbem.v6i3.3626.
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As a typical feature of traditional Chinese Confucian culture, guanxi continues to play an essential role in modern society. This study analyses the morality of guanxi from the perspective of modern business ethics, combining the theories of ethical absolutism and relativism. In addition, based on the relevant cases of Chinese pharmaceutical representatives, it explores how guanxi induce wrongdoing step by step in a commercial society. Finally, the research makes specific recommendations for maintaining the legitimacy of guanxi in terms of improving legislation and supporting whistleblowing.
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Wu, Xiaoyu. "Influence of job stress on job satisfaction among younger bank employees in China". Chinese Management Studies 14, nr 1 (23.11.2019): 257–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cms-07-2017-0182.
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Purpose This study aims to examine distinct influences of two dimension job stress on job satisfaction and the moderating effects of guanxi-oriented attitude on the relationship between job stress and job satisfaction under cognitive appraisal theory and transactional theory. Design/methodology/approach In this study, surveys are conducted among state-owned younger bank employees. The author uses the scale of job challenge stress and hindrance stress developed among Chinese younger bank employees to measure the two dimension job stress. After demonstrating guanxi-relative concepts, the moderating effects of guanxi-oriented attitude are examined in this study. Findings The results demonstrate that guanxi-oriented attitude does not significantly moderate the influence of challenge stress on job satisfaction, while it significantly moderates the noxious influence of hindrance stress on job satisfaction. Theoretical contributions are also discussed. Originality/value First, this study suggests specific procedures to conduct hierarchical regression analysis and confirms the effects by parameters. It also proposes and summarizes specific procedures on how to calculate regression equations and draw regression lines to check the interaction received from the hierarchical regression analysis visually. Second, based on cognitive appraisal theory, guanxi-oriented attitude, a Chinese indigenous cognitive concept, was verified in this study. According to the importance of guanxi in Chinese society, the paper shows that employees who value guanxi more will buffer the noxious effects of job stress. Trainings and counseling should be designed to regulate the normal guanxi-oriented-related cognition.
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Chung, Chi-Nien. "Beyond Guanxi: Network Contingencies in Taiwanese Business Groups". Organization Studies 27, nr 4 (1.11.2005): 461–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840605058230.
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Business groups consisting of legally independent affiliates with institutionalized relationships with each other exist in almost every market economy. While the groups are important and pervasive, little attention has been paid to the processes by which business groups emerge and grow. Reasons for this gap include a) a deficiency of the top-down, macro perspective of many business group studies, and b) the overemphasis of Guanxi networks in the literature of business organizations in East Asia. Personal relationships ( Guanxi) are treated as the necessary and sufficient condition for the entrepreneurship and evolution of business groups. In an attempt to refine the Guanxi perspective, the author uses case studies of five major Taiwanese business groups to propose a set of contingency factors. The suggestion offered in this paper is that entrepreneurs’ attributes and contextual factors are inseparable from the functions of the Guanxi network in the entrepreneurial process. Tracing the movements of these groups over the past four decades, it appears that group diversification evolves in a path-dependent fashion as opposed to a Guanxi-driven, idiosyncratic pattern as suggested by the Guanxi perspective. The influences of Guanxi for group diversification were clear in the early stages when markets were tightly controlled and the personalistic networks became the core capabilities underlining diversification. However, as groups grew and institutions developed, the significance of political Guanxi diminished and the decision-making of diversification strategy became hinged mainly upon the resources firm accumulated overtime.
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Law, Philip, Desmond Yuen i Lyu Chan. "The impact of guanxi on auditor independence: Perceptions of auditors and CFOs in Hong Kong". Corporate Ownership and Control 10, nr 2 (2013): 685–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv10i2c4art3.
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Auditor independence has long been referred to as the cornerstone of the auditing profession. Guanxi refers to the networks of informal relationships and exchanges of favors that dominate all business and social activities that occur throughout China. This research will analyse the impact of guanxi and client size on the perceived independence of auditors in the setting of Hong Kong. Survey data is obtained from 524 questionnaire responses from Chief Financial Officers (CFOs), Big 4 and Non-Big 4 auditors. Two within-subjects independent variables: “guanxi” and the “client size”, and one between-subject independent variable: auditors versus CFOs, are employed. Results indicate guanxi is a significant factor influencing perceived auditor independence in Chinese society, which has largely been neglected in the accounting literature. Independence is severely impaired when the duration of guanxi with clients reaches five years or more. Large client size has a negative influence on the perceived independence of auditors and this result contradicts an earlier U.S. study. The results indicate that the longer the guanxi when the auditor is associated a with large audit client, the greater the decrease in their perceived independence and this has implications for audit legislation. CFOs generate the lowest mean scores (greatest threat to auditor independence) for the perceived effects of all levels (durations) of guanxi among the three groups. This result supports the stewardship theory that asserts stewards (CFOs) motives are aligned with the objectives of their principals. CFOs consider the increasing levels of guanxi associated with the auditors are not in the best interests of their principals, and hence affect the reliability of the audited accounts. Though this study is conducted in the Asia Pacific region, western counterparts will find the results useful. Multinational corporations which have subsidiaries or headquarters established globally, should be aware that guanxi has implications for their Asian operations and their consolidated audited accounts. In view of the critical importance of the guanxi factor on the perceived auditor independence, standard setters in this region should consider devising ethical guidelines requiring mandatory rotation of public accounting firms.
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Tsai, Hsien-Tang, Tung-Ju Wu i Shang-Pao Yeh. "A study of Chinese guanxi type in family business from the perspective of power-based and leadership behaviours". South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 16, nr 5 (7.12.2013): 102–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v16i5.680.
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In Chinese society, a guanxi network is based on kinship or family ties of affection. This special pattern has a historical background and is one of the important factors that have enabled many Taiwanese enterprises to continue operating through the decades. The personal links between people create a kind of social network known as guanxi, which is a unique characteristic of Chinese society. The study aims to investigate the guanxi type of managers in Taiwanese family businesses, and examines how the guanxi type may moderate the correlation between the managers’ power and the influence tactics used to handle subordinates. We surveyed 178 managers who are working in Taiwanese family business. The results of the hierarchical regression modeling showed that as managers have more position power, especially those exercising the family guanxi, they are more likely to be assertive in their treatment of their subordinates. Managers possessing the friend guanxi often play a bridging role to complement the function of those managers with the family guanxi, who may use the assertive approach too strongly. Managers of this type can provide a “lubricant effect” and keep the family business running smoothly. We recommend that family business owners should pay more attention to relationship harmony and internal communication channels in their organisations.
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Xavier, Jesrina Ann, Gan Khai Siong, Lee Kean Yew, Nan Jiang i Ponmalar N. Alagappar. "Fostering Business Growth through Generational Change: Is Guanxi Still Important?" Translocal Chinese: East Asian Perspectives 16, nr 2 (21.10.2022): 228–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24522015-16020004.
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Abstract Malaysian Chinese family businesses have been dynamic in adapting to economic and political changes, given the challenges where policies have favored larger local ethnic groups. This study aims to explore the importance of Malaysian guanxi in nurturing business growth, while investigating the intra-ethnic and inter-ethnic business networks that are tapped by Malaysian Chinese family businesses through generational change. As this study investigates the history of Malaysian Chinese business, it is only apt that the case study method is utilized to identify the role of guanxi in business growth. Data for this study was collected through in-depth interviews with the successors of eight family businesses. Secondary data were collected in two folds for data triangulation. Findings suggest that Malaysian guanxi is crucial especially when the owners intend to grow the business as generations change. Of the eight cases, six cases presented the importance of Malaysian guanxi in business growth through generational change. Although there were two cases suggesting that guanxi could be insignificant in the long run, it is not denied that the cultivation of guanxi by the predecessor remains important to this day. The value of this study is seen in the importance of passing down guanxi through succession while fostering a wider inter-ethnic business network to achieve business growth.
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Baito, Linus. "Teologi Guanxi: Sebuah Upaya Memahami Aspek Teologi Relasional dalam Budaya Tionghoa". GEMA TEOLOGIKA: Jurnal Teologi Kontekstual dan Filsafat Keilahian 4, nr 2 (16.10.2019): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.21460/gema.2019.42.434.
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This article aims at constructing a theology of business starting from the Chinese principle of relationship which is known as guanxi. Many have seen the role of guanxi in the process of China’s economic growth. Guanxi plays a philosophical role not only in economic life, but also in social as well as cultural ones. Using Robert Schreiter’s method of intercultural theology, this study finds that the philosophical concept of guanxi offers values compatible with a Christian theology of relationship. Interacting the two resources would provide a strong basis for constructing a theology of business.
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Shuai, Man. "Lost trust and dissolved guanxi circles: A case study of a collective resignation event at Tianyuan Tea Company". Chinese Journal of Sociology 5, nr 3 (18.06.2019): 374–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2057150x19856285.
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The mainstream explanation for employee turnover is either cause–effect factor analysis or interaction analysis. The former is effective in identifying causal relations between factors and the latter in revealing the dynamics of interpersonal relationships. Combining the benefits of both methods, this study applies guanxi circle theory to studying employee turnover. It places various turnover factors under the framework of interpersonal interactions and uses the social network structure as an analytic point from which to examine the dynamic evolution of trust within the organization. The study finds that in the case of the Tianyuan Tea Company, the collective resignation was largely caused by the collapse of trust within the guanxi circles that informally operated within the company social network centered on the management authority who had the power of hiring, firing, and promotion. Five conclusions are proposed: (a) the formal hierarchical structure of power can either coincide with or be separate from the informal guanxi circles – when the two are in accordance, resignations rarely happen, while discordance between the two is often an indicator of potential resignations; (b) organizational changes are most likely to cause guanxi circles outsiders to resign; (c) members of the inner guanxi circle in the organization do not resign because of discordant relationships with lower level managers, but rather, they get relocated with promotion; (d) the collapse of ‘bridges’ between guanxi circles can cause collective resignations; (e) those who survive organizational shakeups are members of the inner guanxi circle in the organization and the ‘bridges’ of guanxi circles. This study contributes to the research on employee turnover by introducing a new perspective of guanxi circle theory as well as drawing attention to the important function of the ‘bridge’ in coordinating between circles, and by offering theoretical understanding and practical guidance for social governance.
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Chang, Kuang-Chi. "A Path to Understanding Guanxi in China's Transitional Economy: Variations on Network Behavior". Sociological Theory 29, nr 4 (grudzień 2011): 315–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9558.2011.01401.x.
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Current research on guanxi (Chinese social connections) suffers from conceptual confusion. This article presents a new theoretical framework for understanding guanxi in the face of China's economic and social transformations. Guanxi is viewed as a purposive network behavior that can take different “strategic” forms, such as accessing, bridging, and embedding. Pairing this conceptualization with a social-evolutionary framework, I argue that the emergence and increasing or decreasing prevalence of each form over time result from (1) a combination of factors at three analytical levels—microagency, mesonetwork, and macroinstitutional—and (2) endogenous processes of selection. By focusing on behavioral forms and their evolution, this framework is able to bridge divides in the guanxi literature, provide a foundation for comparative studies of network behavior across societies, and connect the study of guanxi with economic sociology more broadly.
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Charoensukmongkol, Peerayuth. "How Chinese expatriates’ cultural intelligence promotes supervisor-subordinate Guanxi with Thai Employees: The mediating effect of expatriates’ benevolence". International Journal of Cross Cultural Management 21, nr 1 (11.03.2021): 9–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470595821996735.
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This research examines the role of the cultural intelligence (CQ) of Chinese expatriates in supervisory positions at subsidiaries in Thailand, concerning the quality of the supervisor-subordinate guanxi they establish with their Thai employees. Based on the framework of supervisor trust-building, this research tests whether the effect of Chinese expatriates’ CQ on the guanxi established with Thai employees can be mediated by the Chinese expatriates’ benevolence characteristic. This study also examines whether supervisor-subordinate guanxi predicts the Chinese expatriates’ leadership effectiveness. Survey data were collected from 201 dyads of Chinese expatriates and Thai employees at the subsidiaries of Chinese multinational enterprises in Thailand and were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling. The subsequent results do not significantly support a direct link between the Chinese expatriates’ CQ and supervisor-subordinate guanxi with their Thai employees. However, the effect of Chinese expatriates’ CQ on supervisor-subordinate guanxi is shown to be fully mediated by supervisor benevolence. The analysis also indicates that supervisor-subordinate guanxi significantly explains the leadership effectiveness of Chinese expatriates.
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Yang, Mayfair Mei-hui. "The Resilience of Guanxi and its New Deployments: A Critique of Some New Guanxi Scholarship". China Quarterly 170 (czerwiec 2002): 459–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000944390200027x.
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In addressing claims that the art of guanxi is declining in China's current incorporation of capitalism, this article argues that guanxi must be treated historically as a repertoire of cultural patterns and resources which are continuously transformed in their adaptation to, as well as shaping of, new social institutions and structures, and by the particular Chinese experience with globalization. The article takes issue with approaches which treat guanxi as a fixed essentialized phenomenon which can only wither away with the onslaught of new legal and commercial regimes. Rather, as the examples of Taiwan and post-socialist Russia's encounter with capitalism suggest, guanxi practice may decline in some social domains, but find new areas to flourish, such as business transactions, and display new social forms and expressions. This historical approach to guanxi, which is sensitive to issues of power both within the Chinese social order and between China and the West, is especially critical of the unreflective positivist methodology and the teleology of modernization theory/narrative and neo-liberal discourse embedded in the argument for the decline of guanxi.