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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Group decision making – graphic methods"
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Bean, Hamilton, Kensuke Takenouchi i Ana Maria Cruz. "Combining Probabilistic Hazard Information Forecast Graphics with Wireless Emergency Alert Messages: An Exploratory, Qualitative Study". Weather, Climate, and Society 15, nr 4 (październik 2023): 843–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-22-0140.1.
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Abstract Since 2019, National Weather Service (NWS) offices have been able to issue 360-character Wireless Emergency Alert (“WEA360”) messages for tornadoes. NWS is now considering changing from a “deterministic” to a “probabilistic” warning paradigm. That change could possibly influence how WEA360 messages for tornado are issued in the future. Recent experimental studies have found that probabilistic hazard information (PHI) forecast graphics improve consumers’ risk perception for tornadoes, but findings from these studies concerning whether PHI forecast graphics improve people’s protective action decision-making are mixed. The present study therefore investigated how mock PHI-enhanced WEA360 messages might influence people’s risk perception and protective action decision-making. Analysis of qualitative data gathered from a combination of questionnaire and focus group interview methods conducted in collaboration with 31 community members in Denver, Colorado, indicated that inclusion of PHI forecast graphics within WEA360 messages elicited high levels of understanding and message believability but did not consistently lead to appropriate precautionary intent. Because warning response is a complex social phenomenon, PHI may not significantly improve protective action decision-making if PHI forecast graphics are eventually presented to consumers via the Wireless Emergency Alerts system. Factors that PHI stakeholders should consider before the adoption of PHI-enhanced WEA360 messages for consumers are discussed. Significance Statement This study examines how consumers respond to and talk about mock WEA360 messages for tornadoes that contain embedded PHI forecast graphics. As NWS considers moving to a probabilistic warning paradigm, stakeholders will need to determine how PHI forecast graphics might be communicated directly to consumers, if at all. Our findings suggest that combining WEA360 messages with PHI forecast graphics creates challenges and complexities related to consumers’ assessment of personal risk and protective action decision-making. Overall, the study suggests that any future PHI-enhanced WEA360 messages provided directly to consumers, if at all, must avoid discrepancies (even subtle) between the level of risk represented by the PHI forecast graphic and the protective action guidance included in the text of the messages.
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Kuchuk, Nina, Andrii Shyshatskyi, Yurii Zhuravskyi, Tetiana Stasiuk, Oleksii Nalapko, Peter Sliusar, Nadiia Protas, Olena Shaposhnikova, Sergii Pronin i Oksana Havryliuk. "The development of a method for visualizing the states of the national security system". Technology audit and production reserves 5, nr 2(73) (22.08.2023): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2023.285986.
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The scientific task, which is solved in the research, is the cognitive display of the state of the national security system with a complex hierarchical structure. As a rule, images are created individually taking into account a specific application field and interpreted by an expert (a group of experts) based on accumulated knowledge. Cognitive mapping is designed to support decision making by an expert (group of experts), monitoring and managing in real time. The object of research is the system of ensuring national security. The subject of the research is the functioning of the national security system. The research developed a method of visualization of the states of the national security system. An overview of the methods of visual graphic presentation of information about the state of multidimensional objects and systems was carried out. The novelties of the proposed method are: ‒ creation of a visual, multi-level and interconnected description of the national security system; ‒ increasing the efficiency of decision making while assessing the state of the national security system; ‒ solving the problem of falling into global and local extremes while assessing the state of the national security system; ‒ combination of graphic and numerical display of controlled state parameters of the national security system; ‒ avoiding the problem of loops while visualizing the state of the national security system in real time. The specified method should be implemented in specialized software, which is used to analyze the state of the national security system and make management decisions.
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Warner, David O., Annie LeBlanc, Sandeep Kadimpati, Kristin S. Vickers, Yu Shi i Victor M. Montori. "Decision Aid for Cigarette Smokers Scheduled for Elective Surgery". Anesthesiology 123, nr 1 (1.07.2015): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000000704.
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Abstract Background: Decision aids can increase patient involvement in decision-making about health care. The study goal was to develop and test a decision aid for use by clinicians in discussion options for changing smoking behavior before and after elective surgery. Methods: In formative work, a decision aid was designed to facilitate patient–clinician discussion regarding three options: continue smoking, attempt a period of temporary abstinence, and attempt to quit smoking for good. A randomized, two-group pilot study was then conducted in smokers evaluated in preparation for elective surgery in a preoperative clinic to test the hypothesis that the decision aid would improve measures of decisional quality compared with usual care. Results: The final decision aid consisted of three laminated cards. The front of each card included a colorful graphic describing each choice; the reverse including two to three pros and cons for each decision, a simple graphic illustrating the effects of smoking on the body, and a motivational phrase. In the randomized trial of 130 patients, the decision aid significantly (P < 0.05) improved measures of decisional quality and patient involvement in decision making (Cohen’s d effect sizes of 0.76 and 1.20 for the Decisional Conflict Scale and Observing PatienT involvement In decisiON-making scale, respectively). However, the decision aid did not affect any aspect of perioperative smoking behavior, including the distribution of or adherence to choices. Conclusions: Although the use of a decision aid to facilitate clinician–patient discussions regarding tobacco use around the time of surgery substantially improved measures of decisional quality, it alone did not change perioperative tobacco use behavior.
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Gudzovskaya, Alla A. "Age dynamics of graphic reflection of social identity". Vestnik of Samara State Technical University Psychological and Pedagogical Sciences 20, nr 4 (23.12.2023): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vsgtu-pps.2023.4.7.
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Social identity recently has become one of the actual subjects of scientific research in social psychology, social cognitive psychology. Social identity reflects conscious and unconscious feelings of a person’s belonging to certain communities, is the context for decision-making in situations of choice. The novelty of the study lies in the analysis of little-conscious aspects of identity, namely the subjective significance of communities to which a person belongs by the fact of his birth or main activity, as well as subjective inclusion in such a community. The author has developed a procedure of graphic representation of social identity based on the techniques used in projective drawing methods. The test person is asked to draw himself and five communities (family, occupation group, locality and country of residence, all people of the world) with the help of circles. This experimental procedure was conducted in nine age groups, starting with 6-7 year olds and ending with working adults. A total of 282 people participated in the experiment. The data (21 indicators) were subjected to factor analysis by the method of principal components. The following results were obtained: for each age group the average sizes of images of self and proposed social communities were revealed, using Student’s t-criterion the conclusions about significant differences in the sizes of images of the country and territory of residence for age groups were obtained. Discussion of results and conclusions. Factor analysis by the principal component method revealed four factors of social identity, which were labeled as: multiple, hierarchical, egocentric, and diffuse social identity. The proposed types of social identity were described, their psychological interpretation was given, and criteria for identification by graphic representation were proposed. The results of the study can be used in pedagogical practice, practice of psychological and pedagogical counseling.
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Spratt, Daniel Eidelberg, Patrick Bingham, John Randall Eckardt, Shelby Moneer, Matthew Pagano i Kirsten York. "Prospective iterative data visualization (DV) study to enhance health literacy in prostate cancer (PC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 42, nr 16_suppl (1.06.2024): 11061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2024.42.16_suppl.11061.
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11061 Background: Methods used to visualize and present comparative effectiveness research (CER) impact patient (pt) and caregiver (CG) understanding and ultimately treatment decisions. Evidence-based approaches to optimize DV and comprehension in PC are lacking. We studied the presentation and DV of CER with key stakeholders aiming to overcome health disparity/inequity barriers related to understanding of CER DV. Methods: A panel representing pt and advocate, industry, and health care provider viewpoints provided qualitative feedback on multiple CER DV methods and generated a survey for US PC pts and CGs. Respondents were identified by a market research agency (buzzback, n=192) or a pt advocacy group (ZERO Prostate Cancer, n=58). Respondents first reported on comfort with and understanding of scientific data on PC using a Likert scale, then evaluated a randomly assigned graphic (1 of 2 versions each depicting the same information) for each of 4 topics. For efficacy and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) data, figures showed superiority of treatment over placebo; for safety, figures positively or negatively represented outcomes. For quality of life (QoL), overall QoL and specific QoL domains were illustrated. For each graphic, respondents first suggested their own key takeaway, then selected the best from 4 options, and reason for selection. Graphics were then assessed side by side with better key takeaway selected to create an overall story. Results: Respondents (pts, n=199; CGs, n=51) enrolled between Aug and Sep 2023; 54% were non-White; 52% had an annual income <$75,000/yr; 45% had no college degree. Some respondents reported being uncomfortable/neutral toward PC scientific data (26%) or found data difficult to understand (35%) or overwhelming (29%). >70% identified correct takeaways for Efficacy and PSA. Figures with numerical data showing a difference between treatment groups (Efficacy, PSA) more effectively communicated key takeaways than those without (Safety, QoL). Figures representing pts without toxicity (positive reporting) versus pts with toxicity (negative reporting) were better understood (62% vs 37%) and communicated (67% vs 33%). Respondents (~55-60%) chose the correct key takeaway for QoL figures, not containing quantitative data, and were divided as to which version best communicated the key takeaway. There were no consistent, robust patterns of differences in accuracy of interpretation based on respondent characteristics, especially for top performing Efficacy and PSA graphics. Conclusions: This is one of the first prospective multistakeholder studies in PC to explore comprehension and preferences from a diverse group of pts and CGs. Figures showing a difference between treatments were more accurately interpreted than those conveying parity. We provide a benchmark for best practices for CER DV for pts and CGs to assist in their education and optimize shared decision-making.
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Uglev, Viktor, i Oleg Sychev. "Evaluation, Comparison and Monitoring of Multiparameter Systems by Unified Graphic Visualization of Activity Method on the Example of Learning Process". Algorithms 15, nr 12 (9.12.2022): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a15120468.
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The article discusses the problem of visualization of complex multiparameter systems, defined by datasets on their structure, functional structure, and activity in the form of complex graphs and transition of traditional representation of the data acquired by graph mining to a compact image built by pictographic methods. In these situations, we propose using the Unified Graphic Visualization of Activity (UGVA) method for data concentration and structuring. The UGVA method allows coding in an anthropomorphic image of elements of graphs with data on structural and functional features of systems and overlaying these images with the data on the system’s activity using coloring and artifacts. The image can be composed in different ways: it can include the zone of integral evaluation parameters, segmented data axes of five types, and four types of symmetry. We describe the method of creating UGVA images, which consists of 13 stages: the parametric model is represented as a structural image that is converted to a basic image that is then detailed into the particular image by defining geometric parameters of the primitives and to the individualized image with the data about a particular object. We show how the individualized image can be overlaid with the operative data as color coding and artifacts and describe the principles of interpreting UGVA images. This allows solving tasks of evaluation, comparison, and monitoring of complex multiparameter systems by showing the decision-maker an anthropomorphic image instead of the graph. We describe a case study of using the UGVA method for visualization of data about an educational process: curricula and graduate students, including the data mined from the university’s learning management system at the Siberian Federal University for students majoring in “informatics and computing”. The case study demonstrates all stages of image synthesis and examples of their interpretation for situation assessment, monitoring, and comparison of students and curricula. It allowed for finding problematic moments in learning for individual students and their entire group by analyzing the development of their competence profiles and formulating recommendations for further learning. The effectiveness of the resulting images is compared to the other approaches: elastic maps and Chernoff faces. We discuss using graph mining to generate learning problems in order to lessen the workload of gathering raw data for the UGVA method and provide general recommendations for using the UGVA method based on our experience of supporting decision making.
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Shmygol N.M. i Yelisieiev Ye.Yu . "СHESS DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT". TRADE AND MARKET OF UKRAINE, nr 1 (51) 2022 (2022): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.33274/2079-4762-2022-51-1-66-76.
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Objective. The objective of the present article is to study the definition of chess as a special kind of sport, research on the development of chess sport in Ukraine and the world, analysis of the management organization of chess sport in Ukraine, evaluation of the management quality of the Dnipropetrovsk Regional Chess Federation for the development of chess sport. Methods. In the course of the research a set of scientific methods was used: methods of scientific generalization, comparison, method of expert evaluations; graphic and tabular techniques. used information and analytical products. Results. Theoretical aspects of the essence of the concept of sports management, the specifics of chess as a sport, it is argued that chess is a specific type, which is carried out in the form of intellectual martial arts and belongs to the fifth group of sports: abstract games. The system of chess training should consist of physical, technical, tactical, psychological, informational, and intellectual training. The development of chess is closely linked to the development of IT technologies, which makes learning chess more convenient and more effective. A personal computer with installed chess information retrieval systems, programs, electronic databases and Internet resources has the functions of an artificial assistant coach. After studying the essence of the concept of sports management, it was found that it is both a field of human knowledge, and the field of management decision-making, and the category of people united in an economically competitive system for managing a sports organization. Sports management in the context of globalization is aimed at team sports work, requires athletes to coordinate actions and cooperation and is implemented depending on the differential problems of sport.
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Calderón-Pelayo, Ricardo, Pilar León, Pablo Monedero, Pilar Calderón-Breñosa, Marc Vives i Alfredo Panadero. "Influence of Chemotherapy Within 30 Days Before ICU Admission on Mortality in Critically Ill Medical Patients With Cancer". Journal of Intensive Care Medicine 34, nr 9 (5.06.2017): 732–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885066617711894.
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Background: The main objective was to determine whether the administration of chemotherapy (CT) during the month before intensive care unit (ICU) admission of medical patients with cancer influences the survival rate. The design was a single-institution observational cohort study in an ICU of a tertiary university hospital. Methods: Our cohort included 248 oncology patients admitted to the ICU from 2005 to 2014 due to nonsurgical problems. Seventy-six (30.6%) patients had received CT in the month before admission (CT group) and 172 did not receive CT (control group). The main outcome measures were ICU, hospital, 30-day, 90-day, and 1-year mortalities. We performed survival analysis using the Kaplan-Meier estimator, comparing both groups using the log-rank test, and multivariate analysis using Cox regression adjusted for gender, age, maximum Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), and delta maximum SOFA to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and their respective 95% confidence intervals. This association was also evaluated by a graphic representation of survival. Results: The CT group presented an ICU mortality rate of 27.6% versus 25.5% in the control group. The multivariate analysis adjusted for age, sex, and delta maximum SOFA showed significant differences between the groups (HR: 2.12; P = .009). The hospital mortality rate was 55.3% in the CT group compared to 45.4% in the control group (adjusted HR: 1.81; P = .003). At 30 days, the mortality rate was 56.6% in the CT group compared to 46.5% in the control group (adjusted HR: 1.69; P = .008). Mortality at 90 days was 65.8% in the CT group versus 59.9% in the control group (adjusted HR: 1.47; P = .03). One-year mortality was also higher in the CT group (79% vs 72.7%, adjusted HR: 1.44; P = .02). Conclusion: The administration of CT in the month before ICU admission in patients with cancer was associated with higher mortality in the ICU, in the hospital, and 30 and 90 days after admission when adjusted for the increase in organ failure measured by delta maximum SOFA. We provide useful new information for decision-making about ICU management of patients with cancer.
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Rilinger, Jonathan, Antonia M. Riefler, Xavier Bemtgen, Markus Jäckel, Viviane Zotzmann, Paul M. Biever, Daniel Duerschmied i in. "Impact of pulse pressure on clinical outcome in extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (eCPR) patients". Clinical Research in Cardiology 110, nr 9 (29.03.2021): 1473–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00392-021-01838-7.
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Abstract Background Hemodynamic response to successful extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (eCPR) is not uniform. Pulse pressure (PP) as a correlate for myocardial damage or recovery from it, might be a valuable tool to estimate the outcome of these patients. Methods We report retrospective data of a single-centre registry of eCPR patients, treated at the Interdisciplinary Medical Intensive Care Unit at the Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Germany, between 01/2017 and 01/2020. The association between PP of the first 10 days after eCPR and hospital survival was investigated. Moreover, patients were divided into three groups according to their PP [low (0–9 mmHg), mid (10–29 mmHg) and high (≥ 30 mmHg)] at each time point. Results One hundred forty-three patients (age 63 years, 74.1% male, 40% OHCA, average low flow time 49 min) were analysed. Overall hospital survival rate was 28%. A low PP both early after eCPR (after 1, 3, 6 and 12 h) and after day 1 to day 8 was associated with reduced hospital survival. At each time point (1 h to day 5) the classification of patients into a low, mid and high PP group was able to categorize the patients for a low (5–20%), moderate (20–40%) and high (50–70%) survival rate. A multivariable analysis showed that the mean PP of the first 24 h was an independent predictor for survival (p = 0.008). Conclusion In this analysis, PP occurred to be a valuable parameter to estimate survival and maybe support clinical decision making in the further course of patients after eCPR. Graphic abstract
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Tkachenko, N. O., N. M. Chervonenko, V. O. Demchenko i O. V. Lytvynenko. "Research of marketing and pharmacoeconomic aspects of the domestic market of preparations used for biorevitalization". Current issues in pharmacy and medicine: science and practice 14, nr 1 (18.03.2021): 120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14739/2409-2932.2021.1.226871.
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The aim of the work is to study the Ukrainian market for biorevitalization products with the subsequent formation of an information array, which can be used to improve the system for supplying target consumers and for correct strategic marketing decision-making.
Materials and methods. Data obtained from 2020 edition of the State Register of 3rd Class Medical Devices (Injection Implants for Soft Tissues), as well as from the State Register of Medicines of Ukraine, the information retrieval system Compendium Online, the database “Regulatory and Directive Documents of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine”, publications in scientific and practical journals connected to the research topic, were used as the main material for the study. The following research methods were employed: content analysis, comparative, analytical, graphic, and marketing research methods.
Results. Biorevitalization affects the internal course of metabolic processes in the deep layers of the dermis, thereby accelerating the production of collagen and elastin at the expense of the body resources.
Based on the analysis of information sources about the means used in the biorevitalization procedure, two assortment groups were formed: medical devices and cosmetics. An intragroup analysis of the assortment and corporate structure of the studied market segments was carried out, and the availability of the procedure based on various drugs was studied.
Conclusions. The pharmacotherapeutic basis of biorevitalization was studied for all spectra of aesthetic problems, which are solved using this procedure under consideration.
The established list of preparations for biorevitalization made it possible to divide them into two assortment groups. The most numerous (101 preparations – 96.20 %) is cosmetics group, including one-component (35.25 %) and combined (60.95 %) preparations. The second group embraces medical devices; it consists of 4 preparations (3.80 %).
The analysis of brand structure of the studied market segment showed that the leading manufacturers here are Russian companies (21.9 % of the total amount of all preparations is imported from this country). Domestic manufacturers are represented by only one company, Yuria-Pharm, which produces, respectively, 1 drug in three different concentrations.
Based on the study of the average cost of the procedure in beauty salons of Zaporizhzhia and the coefficient of accessibility of the procedure based on the varieties of drugs for biorevitalization, it was found that the procedure using Juviderm Volift, RRS® HA SKIN RELAX WITH BoNtA 568® and JUVEDERM® VOLIFT RETOUCH is more affordable for consumers; the least availability is characteristic of the procedure with RRS® HYALIFT® 35.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Group decision making – graphic methods"
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Cook, Edward. "Group Decision-Making". VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5928.
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The present work explores improvements in group decision-making. It begins with a practical example using state-of-the-art techniques for a complex, high-risk decision. We show how these techniques can reveal a better alternative. Although we created an improved decision process, decision-makers were apt to protect their own organizations instead of the project. This tendency was reduced over the course of the decision-making process but inspired the first conceptual component of this work.
The first concept describes the “Cost of Conflict” that can arise in a group decision, using game theory to represent the non-cooperative approach and comparing the outcome to the cooperative approach. We demonstrate that it is possible for the group to settle on a non-Paretto Nash equilibrium. The sensitivity of the decision-maker weights is revealed which led to the second conceptual portion of this work.
The second concept applies social network theory to study the influence between decision-makers in a group decision. By examining the number and strength of connections between decision-makers, we build from intrinsically derived weights to extrinsically derived weights by adding the network influences from other decision-makers. The two conceptual approaches provide a descriptive view of non-cooperative decisions where decision-makers still influence each other. These concepts suggest a prescriptive approach to achieving a higher group utility.
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Ozer, Ibrahim. "Multi-criteria group decision making methods using AHP and integrated Web-based decision support systems". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27545.
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This thesis explores different group decision making methods using the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) applied to the multi-criteria decision making problem of selecting a preferred "site" and develops a support system for group decision making. The group members consider sites to have alternative and often conflicting uses. It is imperative for decision makers in the responsible group to have an appropriate combination of tools, computer software and decisions support systems in order to make the most preferred decisions as a group despite potential inherent conflict among members of the decision making group. To support this idea and facilitate decision making, alternative group multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) evaluation techniques are examined. These include; AHP, Weighted Sum Method (WSM), Weighted Product Method (WPM), AHP Combined Method, Group Evaluation Method, Fuzzy AHP, Fuzzy AHP Combined, and Fuzzy AHP Group. A web-based comparison framework is developed as a prototype to facilitate model use. These methods are applied to the evaluation of coastal zone sites for alternate marine use including aquaculture or fish farming. Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing activities among coastal nations. At the same time, companies, researchers, and coastal communities are seeking assistance in identifying appropriate coastal zone sites for commercial fishing and aquaculture activities, habitat reserves, and marine recreation. The aquaculture case study evaluates four possible fish sites in the Grand Marian Island area of Atlantic Canada.
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Gladka, O. M. "Methods of decision-making in projects". Thesis, Sumy State University, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/47014.
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The course "Methods of decision-making in projects " reveals the essence of project management through the mechanism of making design decisions. To make design decisions using different approaches: expert techniques Multicriteria methods, methods of group decision-making design decisions under uncertainty, decision making under the project risk.
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Zhou, Sida. "The Development and Evaluation of Aggregation Methods for Group Pairwise Comparison Judgments". PDXScholar, 1996. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1222.
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The basic problem of decision making is to choose the best alternative from a set of competing alternatives that are evaluated under conflicting criteria. In general, the process is to evaluate decision elements by quantifying the subjective judgments. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) provides us with a comprehensive framework for solving such problems. As pointed out by Saaty, AHP "enables us to cope with the intuitive, the rational, and the irrational, all at the same time, when we make multicriteria and multiactor decisions". Furthermore, in most organizations decisions are made collectively, regardless of whether the organization is public or private. It is sometimes difficult to achieve consensus among group members, or for all members of a group to meet. The purpose of this dissertation was two-fold: First, we developed a new aggregation method - Minimum Distance Method (MDM) - to support group decision process and to help the decision makers achieve consensus under the framework of AHP. Second, we evaluated the performance of aggregation methods by using accuracy and group disagreement criteria. The evaluations were performed through simulation and empirical tests. MDM • employs the general distance concept, which is very appealing to the compromise nature of a group decision making. • preserves all of the characteristics of the functional equations approach proposed by Aczel and Saaty. • is based on a goal programming model, which is easy to solve by using a commercial software such as LINDO. • provides the weighted membership capability for participants. • allows for sensitivity analysis to investigate the effect of importance levels of decision makers in the group. The conclusions include the following: • Simulation and empirical tests show that the two most important factors in the aggregation of pairwise comparison judgments are the probability distribution of error terms and the aggregation method. • Selection of the appropriate aggregation method can result in significant improvements in decision quality. • The MDM outperforms the other aggregation methods when the pairwise comparison judgments have large variances. • Some of the prioritization methods, such as EV[AA'], EV[A'A], arithmetic and geometric mean of EV[AA'] and EV[A'A], can be dropped from consideration due to their poor performance
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Cao, Patrick Pu 1963. "The effects of parallel versus sequential coordination methods on distributed group multiple critera decision-making outcomes : an empirical study with a web-based GDSS prototype". Monash University, School of Information Management and Systems, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8107.
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Prescott, Chris R. "Organizational decision-making and the group dynamic an examination of methods leadership, conflict, and diversity /". Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 2002. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.
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Gaylin, Kenneth B. "An investigation of information display variables utilizing computer-generated graphics for decision support systems". Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53070.
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The effectiveness of selected computer-generated graphics display variables was examined in a mixed-factors factorial experiment using thirty-two subjects. All subjects performed four different graph reading tasks consisting of point-reading, point-comparison, trendreading, and trend-comparison. In each task, line, point, bar, and three-dimensional bar graphs were investigated under two levels of task complexity, and two levels of coding (color and black-and-white). The effects of these independent variables on measures of task performance errors, time to complete the task, subjective mental workload, and preference ratings were obtained in real-time by a microcomputer control program. Separate MANOVA analyses of these measures for each task indicated significant effects of graph-type for the point—reading task, main effects of complexity and coding for all tasks, and a graph-by—coding interaction for the point-reading, point-comparison, and trend-reading tasks. Subsequent ANOVA analyses showed significance for these effects across several of the dependent measures which are specified in the thesis. Recommendations are made for selecting the most effective graph and coding combinations for the particular types of graph-interpretation tasks and complexity levels encountered.Master of Science
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Gust, Jeffrey Allen. "Assessment centers and group decision making: Substituting the arithmetic mean for the traditional consensus discussion". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1813.
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GIUDICE, ELENA. "La valutazione dei family group decision making models: metavalutazione e sintesi degli approcci. Verso un metodo di valutazione appropriato". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/35021.
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Il soggetto di questo lavoro è l’appropriatezza degli approcci e dei metodi di valutazione per lo studio di un evaluando specifico, ossia i Family Group Decision Making Models utilizzati principalmente nell’ambito del lavoro sociale con le famiglie e i minorenni (Hudson et al., 1996; Marsh & Crow, 1998; Lupton & Nixon, 1999).
Al fine di raggiungere questa finalità, la ricerca combina due strumenti realizzati ‘su misura’ per questo studio, la metavalutazione delle ricerche internazionali e la sintesi degli approcci.
Lo studio prende infatti spunto dall’invito di Smith (2010, p.5) a ‘considerare i risultati di tutte le ricerche non solo di quelle sperimentali’ e quindi non si limita a prendere in considerazione valutazioni di stampo positivista, ma è ‘inclusiva’ nel senso che accoglie le diverse visioni ontologiche presenti nel panorama valutativo internazionale.
L’analisi metavalutativa (Scriven, 1969; Stafflebeam, 2001) si concentra sulla disamina trasversale, approfondita e critica dei disegni di valutazione delle ricerche internazionali utilizzate per studiare i modelli FGDM; mentre la sintesi degli approcci si focalizza su cosa gli approcci, appunto sanno dire in merito all'oggetto di valutazione e alle dimensioni valutative dell’implementazione, del processo e dell’efficacia.
La sintesi risponde quindi alla domanda: cosa sono in grado di mettere in luce e cosa lasciano in ombra i diversi approcci alla valutazione (Stame, 2001) rispetto alla comprensione dei modelli FGDM?
Il punto di partenza di questo lavoro è, infatti, il fermo rifiuto del paradigma dell’approccio e del metodo ‘migliore in assoluto’ – the Best - per valutare qualsiasi oggetto di ricerca (Bezzi, 2001; Palumbo, 2001; Pawson, 2006).
Altrettanto, ulteriore punto di avvio è la propensione a riflettere in termini di coerenza concettuale e operativa tra evaluando, contesto di implementazone – culturale, organizzativo, professionale – e disegno di valutazione, soprattutto nella primaria scelta dell’approccio o degli approcci di valutazione (Stame, 2001; Ciucci, 2008).
La ricerca è, quindi, uno studio induttivo che parte dalla situazione particolare dei modelli di presa di decisioni famigliari per effettuare generalizzazioni e suggerire raccomandazioni (Scriven, 2004; 1997) sul tema della loro valutazione ed implementazione – anche di oggetti di valutazione simili -nonchè di fornire strumenti di ricerca utilizzabili anche in altri contesti – metavalutazione e sintesi degli approcci.
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Leoneti, Alexandre Bevilacqua. "Teoria dos jogos e sustentabilidade na tomada de decisão: aplicação a sistemas de tratamento de esgoto". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-11122012-173434/.
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Para auxiliar os gestores das organizações em seu processo decisório, o emprego de métodos de apoio à tomada de decisão é utilizado desde o século passado, a partir da década de 1950, havendo forte ênfase nas questões econômico-financeiras e operacionais das alternativas. Atualmente, o uso de métodos que consideram as questões relativas à sustentabilidade ambiental das alternativas é um assunto que tem despertado interesse, conforme se observa na literatura recente, ainda que relativamente escassa. Contudo, a práxis da maioria dos métodos multicritério existentes tem embasamento no tomador de decisão como um indivíduo ao invés de um grupo e a ampla diferença entre o comportamento de um indivíduo e de um grupo é negligenciado. Neste novo tipo de abordagem, soluções para resolver os conflitos que inevitavelmente surgem da necessidade de atender os diferentes critérios dos agentes envolvidos devem ser propostas. Para estes casos, a Teoria dos Jogos é reconhecidamente uma abordagem que permite a resolução de conflitos por meio da avaliação de diferentes cenários com diferentes alternativas. Neste sentido, a presente pesquisa apresenta um método multicriterial, baseado em indicadores de sustentabilidade em conjunto com a Teoria dos Jogos e o equilíbrio de Nash, para que seja uma das ferramentas de apoio na escolha do sistema de tratamento de esgoto sanitário para municípios. Para tornar possível a metodologia proposta, indicadores de sustentabilidade foram selecionados para serem usados como critérios na avaliação de alternativas de sistema de tratamento de esgoto. Além disto, vetores de pesos para os critérios foram definidos para representar perfis de jogadores. A partir disto, foi proposta uma função de pagamentos e um exemplo foi gerado a partir da definição do jogo e seus jogadores, tendo sido o software Gambit utilizado para encontrar o equilíbrio de Nash do jogo. Como resultado, a aplicação da metodologia proposta permite tratar o processo de escolha de ETE como um processo de escolha em grupo, ao invés de uma escolha individual, e visa contribuir para quebrar o paradigma da busca pela eficiência baseada nos critérios formados pelo binômio técnico e econômico na escolha de sistemas de tratamento de esgoto. Desta forma, a aplicação do novo método visa proporcionar meios para se enxergar o mesmo problema sobre diferentes focos e, com a utilização de diferentes critérios, poderia facilitar o processo da tomada de decisão para a escolha da alternativa técnica, econômica, ambiental e socialmente mais adequada.To assist the managers of organizations in their decision making, the use of methods to support the decision are used since the last century, from the 1950s, with a strong emphasis on economic issues, financial and operational details of the treatment plants sewage. Currently, the use of methods to consider issues relating to the environmental sustainability of wastewater treatment plants is a subject that has attracted attention, as shown in recent studies, although relatively scarce. However, the practice of most existing methods are based on multicriteria decision-maker as an individual instead of a group and the wide difference between the behavior of an individual and a group is neglected. In this new approach, solutions to resolve the conflicts that inevitably arise from the need to meet the various criteria of the parties involved must be proposed. For these cases, game theory is admittedly an approach that allows the resolution of conflicts through the evaluation of different scenarios with different alternatives. With this research we sought to develop a measurement methodology based on indicators of sustainability in conjunction with game theory and Nash equilibrium, that is one of tools to support the choice of system of sewage treatment for a particular municipality . For the proposed new methodology, sustainability indicators were selected to be used as criteria in the evaluation of alternative system of sewage treatment and weight vectors for the criteria were defined as profiles of players. From this, we choose a function of reward and an example was generated from the definition of the game and its players, the software Gambit was used to find the Nash equilibrium of the game. The proposed methodology allows us to treat the process of choosing ETE as a selection process in group, rather than an individual choice, and aims to deconstruct the paradigm of the quest for efficiency based on criteria formed the duo in the technical and economic choice of systems for wastewater treatment. Thus, applying the new method aims at providing means to see the same problem on different sides, and with the use of different criteria, could facilitate the process of decision making for the choice of alternative technical, economic, environmental and socially suitable.
Książki na temat "Group decision making – graphic methods"
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Hwang, Ching-Lai. Group decision making under multiple criteria: Methods and applications. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1987.
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1947-, Lin Ming-Jeng, red. Group decision making under multiple criteria: Methods and applications. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1987.
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1956-, Chen Jianzhong, red. Qun jue ce li lun yu fang fa ji shi xian: The theory and methods of group decision making with its realization. Beijing: Qing hua da xue chu ban she, 2009.
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1957-, Lu Jie, red. Multi-objective group decision making: Methods, software and applications with fuzzy set techniques. London: Imperial College Press, 2007.
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Wolfe, Michael D. Development of the "City of Quality (Coq)" group decision support system. Brooks Air Force Base, Tex: Air Force Human Resources Laboratory, Air Force Systems Command, 1990.
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Yahagi, Seiichirō. Jōhōka jidai no ningen shikō. Tōkyō: Nihon Hōsō Shuppan Kyōkai, 1985.
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Ankush, Mittal, i Kassim Ashraf, red. Bayesian network technologies: Applications and graphical models. Hershey, PA: Idea Group Pub., 2007.
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International, Human Synergistics. Cascades survival situation: Leader's guide. Plymouth MI: Human Synergistics International, 2003.
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Studený, Milan. Probabilistic conditional independence structures. London: Springer, 2005.
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Hanks, Kurt. The change navigator: Preparing a new kind of leader for an uncharted tomorrow. (Menlo Park, Calif: Crisp Publications, 1994.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Group decision making – graphic methods"
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Chen, Tin-Chih Toly. "Fuzzy Group Decision-Making Methods". W Advances in Fuzzy Group Decision Making, 11–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86208-4_2.
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Saaty, Thomas L., i Luis G. Vargas. "Criteria for Evaluating Group Decision-Making Methods". W Decision Making with the Analytic Network Process, 295–318. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7279-7_13.
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Brauers, W. K. "Interactive Methods for Group Multiple Criteria Decision Making". W Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, 241–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46607-6_26.
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Gou, Xunjie, i Zeshui Xu. "Large-Scale Group Consensus Decision-Making Methods with DHHFLPRs". W Double Hierarchy Linguistic Term Set and Its Extensions, 153–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51320-7_5.
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Morente-Molinera, Juan Antonio, Ignacio Javier Pérez, Francisco Javier Cabrerizo, Sergio Alonso i Enrique Herrera-Viedma. "Using Group Decision Making Methods to Extract Experts Knowledge". W Advances in Fuzzy Logic and Technology 2017, 566–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66824-6_50.
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Li, Deng-Feng. "Multiattribute Group Decision-Making Methods with Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets". W Decision and Game Theory in Management With Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets, 251–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40712-3_6.
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Wu, Tong, i Xinwang Liu. "Application of LSGDM Methods". W Large-Scale Group Decision-Making with Uncertain and Behavioral Considerations, 311–61. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8167-8_10.
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Rekha V., Smrithi, i Henry Muccini. "Suitability of Software Architecture Decision Making Methods for Group Decisions". W Software Architecture, 17–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09970-5_2.
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Tapia, J. M., F. Chiclana, M. J. del Moral i E. Herrera–Viedma. "Measuring Consensus in Group Decision-Making Problems Through an Inequality Measure". W Intelligent Methods Systems and Applications in Computing, Communications and Control, 313–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16684-6_27.
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Bukovics, Ádám, István Á. Harmati i László T. Kóczy. "Fuzzy Signature Based Methods for Modelling the Structural Condition of Residential Buildings". W Soft Computing Applications for Group Decision-making and Consensus Modeling, 237–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60207-3_16.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenia konferencji na temat "Group decision making – graphic methods"
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Turskis, Zenonas, i Birutė Juodagalvienė. "A novel hybrid two-step group multi-attribute assessment model of stairs shape for two-story individual dwelling houses". W The 13th International Conference on Engineering and Computer Graphics BALTGRAF-13. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/baltgraf.2015.018.
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The article deals with a novel hybrid two-step group multi-attribute assessment model of stairs shape for two-story individual dwelling houses. There exist many available shapes of stairs for two-story dwelling houses. Selection among shapes and construction of stairs is a multi-attribute decision making problem in nature. It depends on a lot of different conflicting attributes, that have different optimisation direction, different measurement units. A determinated set of the main attributes to assess the alternatives includes the following: Stairwell Area, The Total Area of Climbing, “Climbing Lane" Area, The Cost of Stairs, and Ergonomics. The values of attributes and importance of attributes are determined by grey numbers. The paper presents a novel original hybrid model, which is based on two different multi-attribute decision making methods: ARAS-G (Additive Ratio Assessment) and AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process).
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Yoshimura, Masataka, i Hideyuki Kondo. "Group Decision Making in Product Design and Manufacturing". W ASME 1997 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc97/dac-3729.
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Abstract Reconciling the different desires and requirements of individuals within decision making groups is becoming increasingly important, as corporate structures tend to embody flat relationships more than hierarchical ones, and as computer networks gain ever more utility. In this paper, a computer aided decision making support system is proposed, that such groups of decision makers can rely on, in order to arrive at the best possible cooperative decisions. First, weighting coefficients for the factors to be evaluated are determined by pair comparisons based on the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method. The preference structures of the decision makers for these factors are expressed by single-attribute satisfaction functions. Next, these satisfaction functions are classified into two groups having opposite tendencies (positive, and negative) so that when graphed, the intersection of the two curves can be defined as a solution point where the decision makers can compromise. Then, improvement procedures are conducted based on compromise processes, so that the satisfaction levels at the solution point becomes as high as possible. Finally, these decision making procedures are demonstrated by analyzing the decision making problems encountered when designing an industrial robot.
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Li, Lihua, Yaping Ma, Hua Jin, Hui Zhang i Yi Liu. "Decision-Making and Group Behaviors in a Building Evacuation Experiments Considering Occupancy Social Network". W ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66050.
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In this paper, social network analysis method is applied to verify that daily life social relation is an important factor affecting individual and group behaviors and evacuation efficiency. Evacuation experiments are conducted by carrying out 15 multi-mode collaborative evacuation drills including 6 in 2014 and 9 in 2015.The same group of 30 evacuees from a undergraduate class has been tracked for two years. Social network method is used to study following behavior, leading behavior and decision-making behavior in evacuation experiments. Through the questionnaires before and after all the evacuation drills, by defining the mutual trust degree (MTD) and being followed degree (BFD), the MTD relation matrix on daily life and the BFD relation matrix in evacuation can be constructed. Then normal social relation network graph and following relation network graph in emergency are drawn. Results show that small groups and leaders will be formed automatically during group evacuation, and the leaders in emergency demonstrate some certain stability, which has some relevance with gender and relations in normal situation. When two emergency exits are available during evacuation including stair and elevator, evacuation efficiency is best when the elevator and stair are located at the same side.
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Yeh, Chung-Hsing, i Yu-Hern Chang. "Validating multiattribute decision making methods for supporting group decisions". W 2008 IEEE Conference on Cybernetics and Intelligent Systems (CIS). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccis.2008.4670799.
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Frias, Armindo, Pedro Água i Mario Simões-Marques. "Education as a maritime safety improvement factor". W 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002134.
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The prevention of accidents at sea requires appropriate education and technical training that gives professionals suitable competences and skills for the specific conditions of life on board ships and other maritime facilities. The sea is a hostile environment to humans which requires some specific skills to perform and live on board.Traditionally, the education and training of seamen were done on board ships, where competences and skills were developed in work context, within a master-apprentice relationship. With the evolution of education, in response to more demanding social and technical requirements, a substantial part of this teaching was moved into the classroom context. Such evolution may have brought advantages in the amount of scientific knowledge transmitted, but somehow limited the ability to develop specific skills. To create a balance in the education of seaman, and in order to respond to the current and future needs of the related industries, education should be tailored to combine the traditional expository method with more challenging educational methods and techniques. New technologies in the field of ICT, graphical visualization, computer based simulation or artificial intelligence (AI) can enhance students' learning capabilities. Education should provide students with competences and skills fundamental for problem solving such as critical thinking, the ability to analyze different situations, system thinking, leadership and decision-making in crisis situations, autonomous work or as part of a team, while integrating social, ethical and environmental values.Among the educational techniques that can foster the needed competences, the following can be referred: (1) carrying out experiential learning, individually and as part of a group, requiring activity planning, critical analysis, synthesis, public speaking and feedback through the evaluation of the achieved results; (2) case study method; (3) role-plays, which imitates situations close to reality within a safe context; (4) computer simulation or; (5) gamification. All these techniques can benefit from the technological evolution, such as wide graphic interactions, virtual reality or augmented reality to create more realistic environments that may increase the motivation of students. Another relevant benefit is related to the place where they are made available, a critical factor in the maritime context, as it will make it easier to overcome the distance, making learning available on-board for students.The present work intends to contribute to the discussion around the reformulation of the teaching of management, logistics and engineering in the maritime related industries, by identifying methodologies, techniques and technologies which are optimally adapted to the specificities and the needs of the field. It is intended that the achieved results will be integrated in the structuring of the Master’s Degree Program in Maritime Logistics, to be made available in September 2022 at the Portuguese Naval Academy. The security, safety and performance of the activities carried out in the maritime environment are directly related to the competencies and skills that the education system can foster in the future professionals of the sector. Therefore, there are teaching methodologies more suitable than others in order to enhance such competences development.
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Nakanishi, Masatake, i Eizo Kinoshita. "Inter-Viewpoint Stress Methods and Group Decision Making Stress Method". W The International Symposium on the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Creative Decisions Foundation, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.13033/isahp.y1999.046.
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Gong, Zaiwu, Jie Wu i Weijun Cui. "Group Decision Making Methods for Different Fuzzy Preferences with Uncertainty Number". W 2008 Fifth International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (FSKD). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fskd.2008.134.
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ATKOCIUNIENĖ, Vilma, Alvydas ALEKSANDRAVIČIUS i Romualdas ZEMECKIS. "Public Policy Impact on Prosperity and Resilience of Farms and Agricultural Companies: Lithuanian Case Study". W Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.128.
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The CAP support is mostly focused on the technological modernization of farms, linked with production intensification, and weakly focused on the farms prosperity and resilience. As a result farmers and managers of agricultural companies are only a slightly motivated to produce added value and high quality food products, to use short food supply chains addressing constantly changing consumer needs, or to pay much attention on issues related to climate change. The paper findings are based on the Lithuanian case study carried out as a part of the international research project “Rethinking the links between farm modernization, rural development and resilience in a world of increasing demands and finite resources” (RETHINK). The Lithuanian case study was determining farmers’ behaviour and causal factors in decision-making. The research based on the positive research paradigm, case study, content and descriptive analysis, empirical study methods (answers of two groups of experts experts-professionals and experts-farmers), logical and systematical reasoning, graphic presentation, abstracts and other methods. The present paper is examining the impact of political factors on prosperity and resilience on farms and agricultural companies. The political factors have the highest impact for prosperity of the farms and agricultural companies in Lithuania (as compared to the technical – entrepreneurial, ethical - social factors, and intangible values). The support from the EU and the national funds is not fully in line with the current concept of farms’ modernization and agricultural innovation. The public policy influence on the competitiveness of the agricultural sector is more strengthening than weakening. The results show the main elements that farmers believe should be included in the new concept of rural prosperity, as well as the main strategies adopted to reach prosperity divided into the five sub dimensions: development of the rural social infrastructure and implementation of information technologies; strong self-governance, social awareness and partnership; high culture of life and communication; rural employment and job creation in rural areas, population welfare; economic and social viability, ecology and environmental security of the countryside.
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Kusumadewi, Sri, i Sri Hartati. "Sensitivity analysis of multi-attribute decision making methods in Clinical Group Decision Support System". W 2007 International Conference on Intelligent and Advanced Systems (ICIAS). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icias.2007.4658395.
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Chen, Xiao-hong, Ke Chen i Jian-qiang Wang. "Overview of the study on group decision-making methods based on different judgement matrices". W 2008 Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccdc.2008.4597729.
Pełny tekst źródłaRaporty organizacyjne na temat "Group decision making – graphic methods"
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Fischer, Ute M. Methods for Analyzing Group Problem Solving Decision Making. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, maj 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada312002.
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Johnson, Corey, Colton James, Sarah Traughber i Charles Walker. Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Implications in Neostigmine versus Sugammadex. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, lipiec 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/con.dnp.2021.0005.
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Purpose/Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a frequent complaint in the postoperative period, which can delay discharge, result in readmission, and increase cost for patients and facilities. Inducing paralysis is common in anesthesia, as is utilizing the drugs neostigmine and sugammadex as reversal agents for non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers. Many studies are available that compare these two drugs to determine if neostigmine increases the risk of PONV over sugammadex. Sugammadex has a more favorable pharmacologic profile and may improve patient outcomes by reducing PONV. Methods: This review included screening a total of 39 studies and peer-reviewed articles that looked at patients undergoing general anesthesia who received non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers requiring either neostigmine or sugammadex for reversal, along with their respective PONV rates. 8 articles were included, while 31 articles were removed based on our exclusion criteria. These were published between 2014 and 2020 exclusively. The key words used were “neostigmine”, “sugammadex”, “PONV”, along with combinations “paralytic reversal agents and PONV”. This search was performed on the scholarly database MEDLINE. The data items were PONV rates in neostigmine group, PONV rates in sugammadex group, incidence of postoperative analgesic consumption in neostigmine group, and incidence of postoperative analgesic consumption in sugammadex group. Results: Despite numerical differences being noted in the incidence of PONV with sugammadex over reversal with neostigmine, there did not appear to be any statistically significant data in the multiple peer-reviewed trials included in our review, for not one of the 8 studies concluded that there was a higher incidence of PONV in one drug or the other of an y clinical relevance. Although the side-effect profile tended to be better in the sugammadex group than neostigmine in areas other than PONV, there was not sufficient evidence to conclude that one drug was superior to the other in causing a direct reduction of PONV. Implications for Nursing Practice: There were variable but slight differences noted between both drug groups in PONV rates, but it remained that none of the studies determined it was statically significant or clinically conclusive. This review did, however, note other advantages to sugammadex over neostigmine, including its pharmacologic profile of more efficiently reversing non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs and its more favorable pharmacokinetics. This lack of statistically significant evidence found within these studies consequentially does not support pharmacologic decision-making of one drug in favor of the other for reducing PONV; therefore, PONV alone is not a sufficient rationale for a provider to justify using one reversal over another at the current time until further research proves otherwise.
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A, Bengolea, Chamorro F, Ozon N, Catalano HN i Izcovich A. Effectiveness and safety of utilizing imaging techniques to guide treatment in patients with venous thromboembolism. Epistemonikos Interactive Evidence Synthesis, styczeń 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30846/ies.2b03926263.v1.
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Objective The objective of this systematic review is to perform a comprehensive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the use of imaging to determine the duration of anticoagulant treatment in patients with thrombosis of any cause (idiopathic, resolved secondary or chronic) who have completed a period of 3 to 6 months of oral anticoagulant treatment. Methods In order to identify randomized clinical trials that evaluate our question of interest, we performed exhaustive searches in Epistemonikos and PubMed, from the date of creation of each source until February 2024. Additionally, we considered additional sources to identify trials that may not have been identified through electronic search. Two reviewers independently selected included studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. We performed a quantitative synthesis (meta-analysis) and prepared summary tables of findings as recommended by the GRADE group. The results of this review were presented to a team of clinical experts from the medical clinic service of the German Hospital of Buenos Aires, who analyzed and made judgments for each of the proposed criteria within the framework of the evidence for the decision. After making judgments for each criterion, the experts formulated the clinical recommendation for the problem of interest. Result Through the search strategy, 514 references were identified and examined by title and abstract. Of these, 17 references were included for full-text evaluation. Finally, 2 randomized clinical trials were included. The evidence on the use of CT or venous Doppler to determine the duration of anticoagulation in patients with thromboembolic events of any type is very uncertain. The evidence on the use of tomography or venous Doppler to determine the duration of anticoagulation in patients with idiopathic thromboembolic events secondary to transient and/or chronic risk factors (patients with cancer) is very uncertain. Clinical recommendation The medical clinic service of the German Hospital [link_recommendation|recommendation](does not recommend using image-guided strategies to suspend anticoagulant treatment in patients with thromboembolisms) (CONDITIONAL RECOMMENDATION AGAINST, VERY LOW CERTAINTY IN THE EVIDENCE). Conclusions In this systematic review, we explored the usefulness of using imaging (tomography or venous Doppler) to determine the continuity of treatment with oral anticoagulants in patients with venous thrombosis. However, the evidence derived from the included studies has very low certainty.
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A, Bengolea, Chamorro F, Ozon N, Catalano HN i Izcovich A. Effectiveness and safety of utilizing imaging techniques to guide treatment in patients with venous thromboembolism. Epistemonikos Interactive Evidence Synthesis, kwiecień 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30846/ies.2b03926263.
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Objective The objective of this systematic review is to perform a comprehensive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the use of imaging to determine the duration of anticoagulant treatment in patients with thrombosis of any cause (idiopathic, resolved secondary or chronic) who have completed a period of 3 to 6 months of oral anticoagulant treatment. Methods In order to identify randomized clinical trials that evaluate our question of interest, we performed exhaustive searches in Epistemonikos and PubMed, from the date of creation of each source until February 2024. Additionally, we considered additional sources to identify trials that may not have been identified through electronic search. Two reviewers independently selected included studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. We performed a quantitative synthesis (meta-analysis) and prepared summary tables of findings as recommended by the GRADE group. The results of this review were presented to a team of clinical experts from the medical clinic service of the German Hospital of Buenos Aires, who analyzed and made judgments for each of the proposed criteria within the framework of the evidence for the decision. After making judgments for each criterion, the experts formulated the clinical recommendation for the problem of interest. Result Through the search strategy, 514 references were identified and examined by title and abstract. Of these, 17 references were included for full-text evaluation. Finally, 2 randomized clinical trials were included. The evidence on the use of CT or venous Doppler to determine the duration of anticoagulation in patients with thromboembolic events of any type is very uncertain. The evidence on the use of tomography or venous Doppler to determine the duration of anticoagulation in patients with idiopathic thromboembolic events secondary to transient and/or chronic risk factors (patients with cancer) is very uncertain. Clinical recommendation The medical clinic service of the German Hospital [link_recommendation|recommendation](does not recommend using image-guided strategies to suspend anticoagulant treatment in patients with thromboembolisms) (CONDITIONAL RECOMMENDATION AGAINST, VERY LOW CERTAINTY IN THE EVIDENCE). Conclusions In this systematic review, we explored the usefulness of using imaging (tomography or venous Doppler) to determine the continuity of treatment with oral anticoagulants in patients with venous thrombosis. However, the evidence derived from the included studies has very low certainty.
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Evidence Synthesis and Meta-Analysis for Drug Safety. Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.56759/lela7055.
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At any point in the drug development process, systematic reviews and meta-analysis can provide important information to guide the future path of the development programme and any actions that might be needed in the post-marketing setting. This report gives the rationale for why and when a meta-analysis should be considered, all in the context of regulatory decision-making, and the tasks, data collection, and analyses that need to be carried out to inform those decisions. -- There is increasing demand by decision-makers in health care, the biopharmaceutical industry, and society at large to have access to the best available evidence on benefits and risks of medicinal products. The best strategy will take an overview of all the evidence and where it is possible and sensible, combine the evidence and summarize the results. For efficacy, the outcomes generally use the same or very similar predefined events for each of the trials to be included. Most regulatory guidance and many Cochrane Collaboration reviews have usually given more attention to assessment of benefits, while issues around combining evidence on harms have not been as well-covered. However, the (inevitably) unplanned nature of the data on safety makes the process more difficult. -- Combining evidence on adverse events (AEs), where these were not the focus of the original studies, is more challenging than combining evidence on pre-specified benefits. This focus on AEs represents the main contribution of the current CIOMS X report. The goal of the CIOMS X report is to provide principles on appropriate application of meta-analysis in assessing safety of pharmaceutical products to inform regulatory decision-making. This report is about meta-analysis in this narrow area, but the present report should also provide conceptually helpful points to consider for a wider range of applications, such as vaccines, medical devices, veterinary medicines or even products that are combinations of medicinal products and medical devices. -- Although some of the content of this report describes highly technical statistical concepts and methods (in particular Chapter 4), the ambition of the working group has been to make it comprehensible to non-statisticians for its use in clinical epidemiology and regulatory science. To that end, Chapters 3 and 4, which contain the main technical statistical aspects of the appropriate design, analysis and reporting of a meta-analysis of safety data are followed by Chapter 5 with a thought process for evaluating the findings of a meta-analysis and how to communicate these.