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1
1946-, Sutherland Peter, i Commission of the European Communities. High Level Group on the Operation of Internal Market., red. The internal market after 1992: Meeting the challenge : report to the EEC Commission by the High Level Group on the Operation of Internal Market. Brussels: [European Commission], 1992.
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1924-, Pinder John, Young John i Federal Trust for Education and Research., red. Paving the way: Next steps for monetary co-operation in Europe and the World; report of a Federal Trust Study Group chaired by the Rt. Hon.David Howell, MP. London: Federal Trust for Education and Research, 1987.
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Shivlani, Manoj. Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of management strategies and regulations of the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary by commercial fishers, dive operators, and environmental group members: A baseline characterization and 10-year comparison. Silver Spring, Md: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, Office of National Marine Sanctuaries, 2008.
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Subcommittee on Regulations and Healthcare hearing on health IT adoption and the new challenges faced by solo and small group health care practices: Hearing before the Committee on Small Business, United States House of Representatives, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, first session, hearing held June 24, 2009. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2009.
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Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Group of National Experts on Safety and Biotechnology. Working Group III, Safety Assessment, Micro-organisms Subgroup., red. Non-target effects of live vaccines: Langen, Germany, November 3-5, 1993 : proceedings of a workshop / organized by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OCDE), Group of National Experts on Safety in Biotechnology, Working Group III, Safety Assessment, Micro-organisms Subgroup. Basel: Karger, 1995.
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Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. Ministerial Council. Meeting. Statement by the Chairman-in -Office of the OSCE at the closing session of the Fifteenth Meeting of the Ministerial Council, Madrid, 30 November 2007: Report of the Chair of the informal working group at expert level tasked with finalizing a draft convention on the international legal personality, legal capacity, and privileges and immunities of the OSCE. [Vienna, Austria: OSCE], 2007.
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Donders, Yvonne. Law and cultural diversity: Proceedings of a workshop, organised by the Working Group "Law and Cultural Diversity" in co-operation with the School of Human Rights Research, the Netherlands, 25 September 1998. Redaktorzy Working Group "Law and Cultural Diversity." i School of Human Rights Research. Utrecht: Studie- en Informatiecentrum Mensenrechten, 1999.
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Institution of Mechanical Engineers (Great Britain) i Institution of Mechanical Engineers (Great Britain). Combustion Engines Group., red. Design and operation of engines in hazardous atmospheres: Papers presented at a seminar organized by the Combustion Engines Group of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers and held at the Institution of Mechanical Engineers on 3 September 1987. London: Published by Mechanical Engineering Publications for the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, 1987.
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International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (8th 1985 Montréal, Québec). Research and development in information retrieval: Eight Annual International ACM SIGIR (Association for Computing Machinery, Special Interest Group in Information Retrieval) Conference co-sponsored by the Canadian Association for Information Science/L'Association canadienne des science d'information in co-operation with the Canadian Information Processing Society, Gesellschaft Für Informatik, British Computer Society, Montréal, Québec, Canada, June 5-7, 1985. --. New York, N.Y: Association for Computing Machinery, 1985.
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Deaerator Performance Monitoring and Inspection Guideline. ASME, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.885741.
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The ASME steam/water cycle equipment performance monitoring and inspection guideline series focuses on specific pieces of equipment in the steam/water cycle and provides the user with information on how to plan for, conduct, and interpret the results of equipment inspections. This guideline was prepared by a task group of this subcommittee under the guidance of Colleen M. Scholl. The task group consisted of representatives of manufacturers, operators, and consultants involved with the design, manufacture, operation, and monitoring of industrial and utility deaerators and deaerating heaters. Members of this group are listed in the acknowledgments. The ASME Research and Technology Committee will review, revise, and reissue this document from time to time as necessary to comply with advances in technology in the design of these units and the water treatment options.
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Ortaçgil, Ercüment H. ε-Invariance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198821656.003.0006.
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Rajeev, S. G. Fluid Mechanics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805021.001.0001.
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Starting with a review of vector fields and their integral curves, the book presents the basic equations of the subject: Euler and Navier–Stokes. Some solutions are studied next: ideal flows using conformal transformations, viscous flows such as Couette and Stokes flow around a sphere, shocks in the Burgers equation. Prandtl’s boundary layer theory and the Blasius solution are presented. Rayleigh–Taylor instability is studied in analogy with the inverted pendulum, with a digression on Kapitza’s stabilization. The possibility of transients in a linearly stable system with a non-normal operator is studied using an example by Trefethen et al. The integrable models (KdV, Hasimoto’s vortex soliton) and their hamiltonian formalism are studied. Delving into deeper mathematics, geodesics on Lie groups are studied: first using the Lie algebra and then using Milnor’s approach to the curvature of the Lie group. Arnold’s deep idea that Euler’s equations are the geodesic equations on the diffeomorphism group is then explained and its curvature calculated. The next three chapters are an introduction to numerical methods: spectral methods based on Chebychev functions for ODEs, their application by Orszag to solve the Orr–Sommerfeld equation, finite difference methods for elementary PDEs, the Magnus formula and its application to geometric integrators for ODEs. Two appendices give an introduction to dynamical systems: Arnold’s cat map, homoclinic points, Smale’s horse shoe, Hausdorff dimension of the invariant set, Aref ’s example of chaotic advection. The last appendix introduces renormalization: Ising model on a Cayley tree and Feigenbaum’s theory of period doubling.
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Fye, W. Bruce. The Mayos’ Invention of Multispecialty Group Practice. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199982356.003.0002.
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Doctors Will and Charlie Mayo invented multispecialty group practice during the first decade of the twentieth century, when they began hiring physicians who focused on diagnosis and surgeons who operated on specific organ systems. Their high-volume surgical practice in Rochester, Minnesota, attracted patients seeking care and doctors eager to see how they performed so many major operations with excellent outcomes. When Will Mayo became president of the American Medical Association in 1906, he was considered one of the nation’s top surgeons. Doctors who visited St. Mary’s Hospital to watch the Mayo brothers operate were also impressed by the highly organized system of preoperative diagnosis that internist Henry Plummer coordinated. Some visiting physicians published articles praising the structure and philosophy of the Mayo practice, which was portrayed as a unique combination of specialization and cooperation. The “Mayo Clinic” building, opened in 1914, exemplified the efficiency movement in America.
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Simon, Gleeson. Part VI Bank Group Supervision, 24 Group Supervision. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198793410.003.0024.
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This chapter discusses banking group supervision. At first glance the necessity for the supervision of banking groups is not obvious. However, banks are now known to be subject to contagion risk. In theory the failure of a company which is a member of a bank group has no effect on the regulated bank. In practice, the failure of a company in a bank group will send a strong signal to the outside world that the group is in difficulty. It would in theory be possible to operate a group bank with such a degree of separation that the market as a whole believed that the bank would genuinely be unaffected by the failure of one of its subsidiaries. However, in practice the market believes that banks are closely connected with the groups of which they are members, and that failures elsewhere in a group will have important knock-on consequences for a group bank.
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Regional co-operation as an element of Caribbean development strategy: Prepared by the Working Group on Regional Economic Integration of theAssociation of Caribbean Economists. Barbados: Department of Economics, University of the West Indies, 1989.
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Mónica, Pinto, i Kotlik Marcos. Part 3 The Post 9/11-Era (2001–), 53 ‘Operation Phoenix’, the Colombian Raid Against the FARC in Ecuador—2008. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198784357.003.0053.
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This contribution examines the 2008 operation conducted by Colombia against a camp of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) located in the territory of Ecuador. It sets out the facts, the legal positions of both countries, the reactions of other governments in the continent, and how the situation was addressed within the Organization of American States and the Rio Group. It then analyses the operation in light of discussions about the possible exercise of the right to self-defence against non-state actors. The closing section suggests that, although the political cost for Colombia was relatively low, this case contributes to a restrictive interpretation of the right, to self-defence based on the inviolability of territorial integrity.
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The Protection of Persons Working at Home: Report Prepared by the Study Group of the 1987/88 Co-ordinated Social Research Programme (Social Co-operation in Europe). Council of Europe Publishing, 1989.
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Fye, W. Bruce. Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Stimulates the Growth of Angiography. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199982356.003.0015.
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Coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), reported by Cleveland Clinic surgeon René Favaloro in 1969, represented a new approach to treating angina pectoris that involved operating directly on a diseased coronary artery. The strategy involved inserting a vein segment between the aorta and a coronary artery. This bypass graft carried blood to heart muscle that would normally have been supplied by a blocked coronary artery. CABG caught on quickly because it seemed to improve angina in a significant percentage of patients and produced income for surgeons and hospitals. But controversy surrounded the value of the operation, and Mayo heart specialists joined others in calling for controlled clinical trials to evaluate it. The Cleveland Clinic group initially resisted trials, claiming that their institutional experience proved that the operation was beneficial. In less than a decade, coronary bypass surgery was associated with a total annual cost of about $1 billion in America.
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Johnson, Andrew. A Gang of Pentecostals. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190238988.003.0005.
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Inside Rio’s gang-controlled prisons and jails, incarcerated Pentecostals form inmate-led prison churches. These inmates claim part of the jail as their own and operate collectively as a cohesive group with a shared religious identity. In many ways these prison churches look like gangs because of their strong identity, shared values, rituals, the high cost of membership, and hierarchical leadership. In the same way that Pentecostalism spread throughout Brazil by empowering local leadership, the prison churches are led entirely by incarcerated Pentecostals and do not have any formal connections with prison ministries or churches on the street.
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Lei, Yuan. Ventilator Monitoring. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784975.003.0011.
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‘Ventilator Monitoring’ describes that group of functions that enables us to understand the functional status of a ventilator system and the ventilated patient. This chapter begins by introducing general monitoring concepts, describing the operation of the flow sensors and oxygen sensors that make the measurements, which are displayed as numerical monitoring parameters, waveforms, dynamic loops, and trend curves. The chapter details common monitoring parameters for pressure, flow, volume, time, and oxygen concentration. Examples of normal and abnormal ventilator graphics are shown. Finally, the chapter details each typical monitoring parameter and gives background information about its significance.
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Rauch, Kristin Liv, i Rosemary L. Hopcroft. Human Sociosexual Dominance Theory. Redaktor Rosemary L. Hopcroft. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190299323.013.45.
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This chapter presents an evolutionary theory of racial discrimination, human sociosexual dominance theory. This theory is built on the social dominance theory of Sidanius and colleagues, who note that sexually selected predispositions can account for the disproportionate experience of prejudice and discrimination by minority males, not minority females. This chapter goes beyond Sidanius and others by emphasizing that the operation of these evolved predispositions continues to limit mating opportunities for minority group males. The chapter also stresses how coalitions and culture are used as tools in this process. Examples pertaining to race relations in the United States in both the recent past and the present are presented to illustrate the utility of this biocultural framework.
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Kobylińska, Anna, i Maciej Falski, red. Architects and their Societies. Cultural Study on the Habsburg-Slavic Area (1861-1938). University of Warsaw Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/uw.9788323549918.
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The idea of looking at the architects operating within the cultural framework of the Habsburg Empire, embedded in this book, stems from our previous research. It has its roots in the research on Slavic peripheral narratives, conducted by the Research Group on the Slavic Cultures in the Habsburg Monarchy (http://uwhabsburgstudies.uw.edu.pl/), which has operated since 2011 at the Institute of Western and Southern Slavic Studies of the University of Warsaw. We studied the issue of peripheral attitudes towards both national narratives, created after 1861 by the Slovak, Czech and Croatian elites, and the imperial project imposed by Vienna and Budapest. Faithful to the microlevel approach, we looked at figures, spaces and social phenomena that do not fit into the stereotypical view of national historiography.
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Rodenhäuser, Tilman. A Three-Pronged Approach to Human Rights Obligations of Non-State Armed Groups. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198821946.003.0008.
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Chapter 6 proposes a three-pronged approach to possible human rights obligations of armed groups by distinguishing between (i) human rights obligations of groups exercising quasi-governmental authority in defined territory; (ii) human rights obligations of groups exercising de facto control over territory and population; and (iii) human rights obligations of groups not controlling territory or populations. This not only reflects contemporary international practice, but also the different capacities of armed groups and the varying circumstances in which they operate. This chapter examines each type of armed group separately. For each type, it shows to what extent human rights obligations for armed groups are needed; it provides international practice showing that a number of states and human rights experts consider the respective type of groups to have human rights obligations; it considers which sources of international law could bind the type of group in question; and suggests which scope of obligations should bind them.
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Nahir, Menachem, Doron Zahger i Yonathan Hasin. Recommendations for the structure, organization, and operation of intensive cardiac care units. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0010.
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Care for the critically ill cardiovascular patients and their families requires a unique environment that is structurally different from other clinical units. Coronary care units were introduced in the 1960s for the main purpose of prevention and prompt treatment of life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias related to acute myocardial infarction. Since then, major progress in cardiology in general and acute cardiac care, in particular, dictated a major change in the structure and organization of these units, symbolically expressed in the new title of ‘intensive cardiac care unit’. Contemporary intensive cardiac care units receive older and more complex patients, often with multiple comorbidities and diverse diagnoses. The modern intensive cardiac care unit incorporates sophisticated monitoring and up-to-date equipment to meet the changing needs of the patient with cardiovascular disease requiring critical care. The intensive cardiac care unit operates in the centre of the hospital’s cardiology service, receiving patients from the mobile care unit (directly or via an ST elevation myocardial infarction network), the emergency department, and other wards, including coronary, structural, and electrophysiology intervention laboratories and operating rooms. Patients are usually unstable and require immediate full attention by highly trained medical and nursing staff. The 2005 recommendations for the structure, organization, and operations of the intensive cardiac care unit were issued by Hasin et al. for the Working Group of Acute Cardiac Care of the European Society of Cardiology, which serves as basis for this chapter. The chapter will focus on the requirements for staffing, training, and accreditation, as well as the structure organization and equipment of the intensive and intermediate cardiac care units.
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Francesca, Mazza. Ch.9 Assignment of rights, transfer of obligations, assignment of contracts, s.1: Assignment of rights, Art.9.1.1. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198702627.003.0170.
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This commentary analyses Article 9.1.1 of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) concerning the definition of the notion of ‘assignment’. Art 9.1.1 defines the assignment of a right as the transfer by agreement. Regarding the terminology, the UNIDROIT Working Group preferred the term ‘assignment of a right’ over ‘transfer of a right’ in the light of the fact that, in some legal systems, transfer is a broader term which includes a transfer by operation of law. In principle, the assignment becomes effective and the transfer occurs at the time of the agreement. However, this is only correct with regard to the assignor and a single assignee. This commentary discusses the notion of transfer, transfer by agreement between assignor and assignee, object of the transfer, and the time aspect of transfer.
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Mattissen, Johanna. Nivkh. Redaktorzy Michael Fortescue, Marianne Mithun i Nicholas Evans. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199683208.013.47.
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Nivkh (Paleosiberian group), spoken on the lower reaches of the Amur River and on Sakhalin island in Siberia by a few hundred speakers in four main varieties, but rapidly dying out, is a polysynthetic head-marking but configurational SOV language, with defective polypersonalism, noun incorporation, verb root serialization, and complex noun forms. Its dominant structural principle and characteristic design is dependent-head-synthesis, with dependents lexically head-marked and still referentially active. Nivkh displays compositional polysynthesis with a mixed internal structure, as the suffixal domain of a word-form may be described by a template, whereas the pre-root domain is scope-ordered due to dependent chaining. The evolutionary path of complex forms is best conceived of as coalescence of formerly adjacent words. Morphophonemic processes at the word-internal morpheme boundaries, especially consonant dissimilation and assimilation, and bound allomorphs prove the wordhood of the complexes. Non-root bound morphemes encode modalities, degree, scalar, and focus operators and phase of action.
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The Protection of Youth Against Physical and Moral Danger: Report Prepared by the Study Group of the 1988/89 Co-ordinated Research Programme in the Social Field (Social Co-operation in Europe). Council of Europe Publishing, 1990.
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Abraham, Sunil. Systematic Government Access to Private-Sector Data in India. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190685515.003.0012.
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This chapter focuses on India’s policies and practices regarding systematic government access to private-sector data. India does not have many laws that explicitly prescribe or prohibit systematic government access to private-sector data apart from provisions in laws such as the Information Technology Act, Anti-Money Laundering Act, and Epidemic Diseases Act. Nevertheless, the appetite in some parts of the government for systematic access appears to be growing. In February 2012, the Intelligence Bureau wrote to the Department of Telecom demanding that telecom operators and ISPs cooperate to enable comprehensive real-time tracking of Internet usage on mobile phones. This included the establishment of a core group “for finalisation of Internet Protocol Detail Record (IPDR) for Internet and GPRS service, and standardisation of parameters that will have to be stored by mobile phone companies….” The chapter also discusses proposals for the NATGRID and the Comprehensive Monitoring System.
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Boyce, Gordon. The Growth and Dissolution of a Large-Scale Business Enterprise. Liverpool University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9780986497391.001.0001.
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This book is an in-depth case study of the Furness Withy and Co Shipping Group, which operated both tramp and liner services and was one of the five major British shipping groups of the early twentieth century. It demonstrates how British shipowners of this period generated success by exploring Christopher Furness’ career in relation to the social, political, and cultural currents during a time of tremendous shipping growth in Britain and the establishment of some of the largest shipping firms in the world. It approaches the study from three angles. The first analyses how the Furness Group expanded its shipping activities and became involved with the industrial sector. The second illustrates the organisational and financial structure of the enterprise. Finally, the Group’s leadership and entrepreneurship is scrutinised and placed within the wider context of twentieth century British business. The case study begins in 1870, with an introduction explaining how Christopher Furness came to join the family company, Thomas Furness and Co. in order develop services, expand, and instigate the changes and mergers that brought the Furness Group into existence. There are thirteen chronologically presented chapters, a bibliography, and seven appendices of data including an ownership timeline, tonnage statistics, acquisitions, a list of maritime associates, and a timeline of Christopher Furness’ life. The book concludes in 1919 with the de-merging of the Furness Group’s shipping and industrial holdings, the resignation of the Furness family from the company’s board, the sale of their shares, and the move into managing the firm’s industrial interests.
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Aronson, Susan S., red. Model Child Care Health Policies. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781581108309.
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Significantly revised and updated, the new Model Child Care Health Policies, 5th Edition is a must-have tool to foster adoption and implemenation of best practices for health and safety in group care settings for young children. These settings include early care and education as well as before and after school child care programs. These model policies are intended to ease the burden of writing site-specific health and safety policies from scratch. They cover a wide range of aspects of operation of early education and child care programs. Child care programs of any type can use Model Child Care Health Policies by selecting relevant issues for their operation and modifying the wording to make selected policies appropriate to the specific settings. These settings include early education and child care centers, small and large family child care homes, part day-programs for ill children, facilities that serve children with special needs, school-age child care facilities, and drop-in facilities. The model policies can be adapted for public, private, Head Start, and tuition-funded facilities. All of the most commonly covered health and safety topics the National Association of Child Care Resource and Referral Agencies found in state regulations are included in this guide.
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Corsino, Louis. Introduction. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038716.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter sets out the book's purpose, which is to explore the emergence of the Italian Mafia in one particular setting. It examines a long-standing organizational component of the Chicago Outfit—namely, the Chicago Heights boys. It looks at the Chicago Heights operation from its beginning in the early 1900s to the heyday of Outfit activities in the post-World War II era. Along the way, the book attempts to unravel the mix of social and cultural discriminations against Italians in the early part of the last century, the consequential group characteristics that emerged within the local Italian population, and the appropriation of these characteristics as social capital resources in the collective pursuit of social mobility. The remainder of the chapter discusses the personal, community, and public contexts of the present volume, followed by an overview of the subsequent chapters.
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Corbett, Jack, i Wouter Veenendaal. Democratization and Cultural Diversity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796718.003.0003.
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Chapter 3 interrogates the argument that cultural homogeneity is a prerequisite for democratic persistence. The thesis here is that the absence of diverse interests and agreement around cultural norms produces a unified citizenry. This is supported by the view that democracy is harder to sustain in ethnically and religiously diverse societies. The problem is that many small states are ethnically, socially, and linguistically divided and stubbornly democratic. They also tend to operate majoritarian rather than consensual or consociational political institutions. Indeed, in some cases, such as the Melanesian region of the Pacific, it has been argued that hyper-fragmentation actually aides consolidation by ensuring that no group can come to dominate the apparatus of the state. Conversely, many homogenous small states have dominant cultural codes that, when combined with the personalization of politics, stifle pluralism and dissent. So, homogeneity is not a perquisite for democracy any more than economic growth is.
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Dignam, Alan, i John Lowry. 8. The constitution of the company: dealing with insiders. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198753285.003.0668.
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Titles in the Core Text series take the reader straight to the heart of the subject, providing focused, concise, and reliable guides for students at all levels. This chapter discusses the constitution of the company, with emphasis on the articles of association. It first outlines the operation of the memorandum and the articles before turning to the law surrounding the contract of membership under s 33 of the Companies Act 2006. It then considers some elements of corporate theory in relation to the articles of association, contract between the company and the members, contract between the members, the question of who is entitled to sue to enforce the s 33 contract, and the issue of outsider rights with respect to the s 33 contract. The chapter also looks at the reforms proposed by the Company Law Review Steering Group for the Companies Act 2006 and concludes by analysing the effects of shareholder agreements on the statutory obligation of the company.
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Dignam, Alan, i John Lowry. 8. The constitution of the company: dealing with insiders. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198811831.003.0008.
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Titles in the Core Text series take the reader straight to the heart of the subject, providing focused, concise, and reliable guides for students at all levels. This chapter discusses the constitution of the company, with emphasis on the articles of association. It first outlines the operation of the memorandum and the articles before turning to the law surrounding the contract of membership under s 33 of the Companies Act 2006. It then considers some elements of corporate theory in relation to the articles of association, contract between the company and the members, contract between the members, the question of who is entitled to sue to enforce the s 33 contract, and the issue of outsider rights with respect to the s 33 contract. The chapter also looks at the reforms proposed by the Company Law Review Steering Group for the Companies Act 2006 and concludes by analysing the effects of shareholder agreements on the statutory obligation of the company.
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Psygkas, Athanasios. From the Democratic Deficit to a Democratic Surplus. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190632762.001.0001.
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The conventional account of a European Union (EU) “democratic deficit” misses part of the story. This book argues that member-state regulatory processes operating under EU mandates may actually have become more democratically accountable, not less. EU law creates entry points for stakeholder participation in the operation of national regulatory authorities; these avenues for public participation were formerly either not open or not institutionalized to this degree. In these cases, we see not a democratic deficit but a democratic surplus generated by EU law in the member states. Moreover, the decentralized EU regulatory structure may promote experimentation, innovation, and policy exchange between the member states. The book discusses a series of case studies demonstrating how EU law influenced telecommunications regulation in France, Greece, and the United Kingdom. It assesses the operation of accountability processes by drawing on data from more than 1,000 public consultations and some 8,000 consultation responses. The analysis is supplemented by interviews with agency officials as well as industry and consumer group representatives in Paris, Athens, Brussels, and London. The study finds increased participation by actors other than the traditional powerful firms as well as significant transparency gains compared to the previous regime. Nonetheless, the three countries did not respond to EU pressures in an identical fashion. The book compares how the same EU mandates were translated into divergent institutional practices as a result of the different administrative traditions, bureaucratic culture, and public law history of these countries. It also documents roadblocks and difficulties along the way.
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Mahmood, Zaad. Party System. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199475278.003.0006.
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The chapter discusses the party system in the macro context of politics. It highlights the limitations of political party and interest group analysis without reference to the political competition that shapes behaviour in politics. The chapter discusses theoretically the impact of party system on labour market flexibility and proceeds to show the interrelation between party competition and the behaviour of political parties, composition of socio-economic support bases, and the behaviour of interest groups that influence reform. In the context of labour market flexibility, the party-system operates as an intermediate variable facilitating reforms. The chapter contradicts the conventional notion that party system fragmentation impedes reform by showing how increasing party competition corresponds to greater labour market reforms. It shows that increases in the number of parties, facilitates labour market reforms through marginalization of the issue of labour, realignment of class interests within broader society and fragmentation of trade union movement.
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Perliger, Arie. Terrorism Networks. Redaktorzy Jennifer Nicoll Victor, Alexander H. Montgomery i Mark Lubell. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190228217.013.28.
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A recent development in the field of terrorism studies is the growing understanding that analytical frameworks that focus on in-group social processes are highly effective in improving our understanding of the inner dynamics of terrorist groups. Many students of terrorism have begun to challenge some fundamental conventions regarding the way terrorist groups emerge and operate and the relations between members’ roles and profiles. Less attention has been given to the potential contribution of network science to understanding the relations between terrorist groups, as well as the factors shaping polities’ responses to terrorism. This chapter fills these gaps by explaining how network science can increase understanding of how terrorist groups compete, cooperate, and merge or split, as well as the dilemmas involved in responses to terrorism, which mostly involve coordination and cooperation on the international and national levels among various levels of government and agencies.
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Mock, Steven J. Mapping Authenticity. Redaktorzy Angela M. Labrador i Neil Asher Silberman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190676315.013.15.
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Debates in the study of public heritage are rooted in the field’s inherently interdisciplinary nature. Heritage is about both the past and the present; about tangible objects and intangible myths; about individuals, groups, institutions, and nations. Cutting through these challenges requires approaching heritage as the emergent product of dense interaction between diverse systems that operate on multiple levels of analysis. This chapter explores the utility of a method known as Cognitive-Affective Mapping, capable of tracking the interaction between tangible and intangible elements of the past and present where they must, by necessity, meet on common ground: as emotionally loaded representations in the human mind. Drawing from the examples of Switzerland and Israel, we examine how such a method can be used both to explain the authenticity of a given object to a national heritage, and to illuminate the emotional significance of this property in situations of inter-group conflict.
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Campbell, Andrea Louise, i Michael W. Sances. Constituencies and Public Opinion. Redaktorzy Daniel Béland, Kimberly J. Morgan i Christopher Howard. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199838509.013.015.
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Public opinion alone cannot explain the trajectory of American social policy, but it is crucial in explaining the nature of social provision. Although most Americans are not highly knowledgeable about or interested in politics, and although their opinions are often shaped by misinformation, misperception, and framing effects, public opinion can offer broad guidance to politicians. Indeed, American social policy reflects majority preferences in a variety of ways: in the differential generosity of programs for "deserving" and "undeserving" target populations; in the extensive use of hidden and obscured modes of social provision such as tax expenditures; and in the modest degree of redistribution the American welfare state achieves. In addition, attentive and well-resourced members of the public, who receive the largest benefits from the system, have successfully prevented retrenchment attempts. Public opinion typically operates in conjunction with other factors, such as interest group influence or the institutional structure of the American system, to shape social policy outcomes.
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Prado, Carlos. História do Trotskismo no Brasil (1928-1936). Brazil Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-752-5.
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The present work takes as its object of investigation the first Brazilian organizations linked to Trotskyism, in the period between 1928 and 1936. The Brazilian Trotskyist movement originated from certain historical conditions, from a rupture caused by national, particular factors, but which were directly related to divergences that shook the Russian Revolution and the international communist movement. The Lenine Communist Group (GCL), founded in May of 1930, was the first Brazilian organization to establish contact with the International Left Opposition. The group had a short life, but gave rise to another organization with the same Trotskyist ties. In January 1931, the Communist League (LC) emerged, which in 1933 adopted the name of the Communist Internationalist League (LCI) and operated until the end of 1936. As for methodological procedures, this research sought to dialogue with historiography, but to advance in the investigation a wide search was carried out in all available documentation. From the consultation and analysis of primary sources, we sought to reconstruct the discourse and political positioning of Trotskyist organizations. Despite the fact that the groups and parties that claimed Trotskyism were in general minority, made up of a few dozen militants and sympathizers, it is necessary, even today, due to their impact on militant culture, the depth and penetration of their criticism and theoretical formulation, investigate and discuss the performance of these organizations. In short, it is a question of recovering a debate that is still very current and necessary
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Dale, Melissa S. Inside the World of the Eunuch. Hong Kong University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888455751.001.0001.
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This book tells the story of how Chinese palace eunuchs, a complicated and much-maligned group of people, struggled to insert a degree of agency into their lives. During the Qing dynasty, the imperial court was determined to limit the influence of eunuchs by imposing a management style based upon strict rules, corporal punishment, and collective responsibility. Emasculation and employment placed eunuchs at the center of the empire, yet also subjected them to servile status and marginalization by society. Seeking more control over their lives, eunuchs repeatedly tested the boundaries of subservience to the emperor and the imperial court. This portrait of eunuch society reveals that Qing eunuchs operated within two parallel realms, one revolving around the emperor and the court by day and another among the eunuchs themselves by night where they recreated the social bonds (through drinking, gambling, and opium smoking) denied them by their palace service. Emasculation did not produce the ideal servants; rather, eunuchs proved to be a constant source of anxiety and labor challenges for the Qing imperial court. The history of Qing palace eunuchs is defined by a tension between the role eunuchs were meant to play and the life they intended to live.
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Rex, Ahdar, i Leigh Ian. Religious Freedom in the Liberal State. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199606474.001.0001.
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Examining the law and public policy relating to religious liberty in Western liberal democracies, this book contains a detailed analysis of the history, rationale, scope, and limits of religious freedom from (but not restricted to) an evangelical Christian perspective. Focussing on the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, and the European Convention on Human Rights it studies the interaction between law and religion at several different levels, looking at the key debates that have arisen. Divided into three parts, the book begins by contrasting the liberal and Christian rationales for and understandings of religious freedom. It then explores central thematic issues: the types of constitutional frameworks within which any right to religious exercise must operate; the varieties of paradigmatic relationships between organized religion and the state; the meaning of ‘religion’; the limitations upon individual and institutional religious behaviour; and the domestic and international legal mechanisms that have evolved to address religious conduct. The final part explores key subject areas where current religious freedom controversies have arisen: employment, education, parental rights and childrearing, controls on pro-religious and anti-religious expression, medical treatment, and religious group (church) autonomy.
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Silva, Maria Patrícia. Pesquisas sobre Currículos e Culturas: tensões, movimentos e criações. Brazil Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-87836-56-0.
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The book Research on Curricula and Cultures: tensions, movements and creations, organized by Marlucy Alves Paraíso and Maria Patrícia Silva, it consists of 17 chapters, one of which is an interesting work by a Canadian scholar who investigates state anti-feminism. The other chapters bring results from 16 researches developed by researchers from the Study and Research Group on Curricula and Cultures (GECC), created and coordinated by Marlucy Alves Paraíso, which has researchers from several Brazilian universities and states. The articles in the book combine the post-critical perspectives used to investigate curricula and cultures in their different nuances, addressing silences, power relations, modes of subjectivation and the movements that prevent their fixity. The book brings research results that discuss the possibilities of creating possibilities at school and in other cultural spaces that also have curricula and develop pedagogies, such as: cyberspace, city, health care programs, teacher training programs, educational policies, etc. In addition, curricula are investigated with emphasis on different practices and aspects: childhood, art, music, dance, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, corporality, politics, with research that also innovates methodologically when operating with openings, experiments, do-it-yourself and compositions in different ways. to research curricula without rigidity, although with the necessary rigor in academic research. O livro reconhece de diferentes modos as possibilidades de conexões entre currículos e culturas, e mostra movimentos capazes de operar transgressões apostando em uma cultura porvir.
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Moscovitch, Keren. Radical Intimacy in Contemporary Art. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350298217.
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Radical Intimacy in Contemporary Art focuses on practices that operate at the edges of sexuality and its socially sanctioned expressions. Using psychoanalysis and object-oriented feminism, Keren Moscovitch focuses on the work of several contemporary, provocative artists to initiate a dialogue on the role of intimacy in challenging and reimagining ideology. Moscovitch suggests that intimacy has played an under-appreciated role in the shifting of social and political consciousness. She explores the work of Leigh Ledare, Genesis P-Orridge, Ellen Jong, Barbara DeGenevieve, Joseph Maida and Lorraine O’Grady, who, through their radical practices, engage in such consciousness shifting in elegant, surprising, and provocative ways. Guided by the feminist psychoanalytic canon of Julia Kristeva throughout, as well as being informed by the philosophy of Luce Irigaray and the critical theory of Judith Butler, Moscovitch situates these artists in the emerging lineage of feminist new materialism. She argues that the instability of intimacy leads to radical and performative objecthood in their work that acts as a powerful expression of revolt. Through this line of argumentation, Moscovitch joins a growing group of philosophers exploring object-oriented theories and practices as a new language for a new era. In this era, the hegemony of subjectivity has been toppled, and a new world of human ontology is built creatively, expressively and in the spirit of revolt.
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Neill, Michael, i David Schalkwyk, red. The Oxford Handbook of Shakespearean Tragedy. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198724193.001.0001.
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The Oxford Handbook of Shakespearean Tragedy is a collection of fifty-four essays by a range of scholars from all parts of the world, bringing together some of the best-known writers in the field with a strong selection of younger Shakespeareans. Together these essays offer readers a fresh and comprehensive understanding of Shakespeare tragedies as both works of literature and as performance texts written by a playwright who was himself an experienced actor. The collection is organized in five sections. The opening section places the plays in a variety of illuminating contexts, exploring questions of genre, and examining ways in which later generations of critics have shaped our idea of ‘Shakespearean’ tragedy. The second section is devoted to current textual issues; while the third offers new critical readings of each of the tragedies. This is set beside a group of essays that deal with performance history, with screen productions, and with versions devised for the operatic stage, as well as with twentieth and twenty-first century re-workings of Shakespearean tragedy. The book’s final section seeks to expand readers’ awareness of Shakespeare’s global reach, tracing histories of criticism and performance across the world. Offering the richest and most diverse collection of approaches to Shakespearean tragedy currently available, the Handbook will be an indispensable resource for students, both undergraduate and graduate levels, while the lively and provocative character of its essays will make it a required reading for teachers of Shakespeare everywhere.
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Okamura, Jonathan Y. Raced to Death in 1920s Hawai i. University of Illinois Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042607.001.0001.
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This book analyzes the larger racial significance of the quick conviction and death sentence given to a likely insane Japanese American, Myles Fukunaga, for murdering a White boy, Gill Jamieson, in 1928. The Fukunaga case demonstrates how race operated in Hawai‘i to enforce the hierarchical relations between Whites and non-Whites. In arguing that Fukunaga was raced to death, two different meanings of race are employed. First, he was hanged because he was of the “Japanese race” and committed his crime during the 1920s, when Japanese Americans were perceived as the most politically and economically threatening group to continued White supremacy in Hawai‘i. Second, Fukunaga was raced or rushed to his death sentence less than three weeks after his crime because Whites wanted immediate revenge. The book argues that the Fukunaga case was a major component in a trajectory of racial injustice against non-Whites, including Japanese and Filipino labor leaders who, after organizing multiplantation strikes in 1920 and 1924, were imprisoned based on likely perjured testimony. Fukunaga’s hanging is also connected to the lynching in 1932 of Joe Kahahawai, a Native Hawaiian, who was falsely accused of raping a White woman and was also raced to death. The book also discusses how incipient forms of colorblindness and multiculturalism were strategically deployed by Whites to deny the significance of race in the accelerated conviction of Fukunaga.
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Iordanou, Ioanna. Venice's Secret Service. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198791317.001.0001.
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According to conventional wisdom, systematized intelligence and espionage are ‘modern’ phenomena. This book overturns this academic orthodoxy, recounting the arresting story of the world’s earliest centrally organized state intelligence organization, created in Renaissance Venice. Headed by the infamous Council of Ten, Renaissance Venice’s intelligence service resembled a public sector institution that operated with remarkable corporate-like complexity and maturity, serving prominent intelligence functions, which included operations (intelligence and covert action), analysis, cryptography, steganography, cryptanalysis, and even the development of lethal substances such as poison. The book details Renaissance Venice’s systematic attempts to organize and manage a central intelligence service made up of innumerable state servants, official informants, and amateur spies, who, dispatched across Europe, Anatolia, and Northern Africa, conducted Venice’s stealthy intelligence operations. Exploring secrecy as a vehicle of knowledge exchange that fostered identities, alliances, and divisions, the book also reveals Venice’s fabled department of professional cryptology, and recounts some of the extraordinary measures deployed by the Venetian authorities in their ongoing effort to maintain the security of the Venetian state. These included tortures, assassinations, and chemical warfare. Overall, the book not only reveals a plethora of secrets, their keepers, and their seekers but explores the social and managerial processes that enabled their existence and furnished the foundation for an extraordinary intelligence organization. For this reason, Renaissance Venice’s central intelligence apparatus is explored and analysed as an organization rather than as the capricious intelligence enterprise of a group of state dignitaries, as was the case for other Italian and European states.
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Meinzinger, Alexander. Educating Air Forces. Redaktorzy Randall Wakelam, David Varey i Emanuele Sica. University Press of Kentucky, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813180243.001.0001.
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Compared to armies and navies, which have existed as professional fighting services for centuries, the technology that makes air forces possible is much newer. As a result, these services have had to quickly develop methods of preparing aviators to operate in conditions ranging from peace or routine security to full-scale war. The first book to address the history and scope of air power professionalization through learning programs, Educating Air Forces offers valuable new insight into strategy and tactics worldwide. Here, a group of international experts examine the philosophies, policies, and practices of air service educational efforts in the United States, France, Italy, Germany, Australia, Canada, and the UK. The contributors discuss the founding, successes, and failures of European air force learning programs between the Great War and World War II and explore how the tense Cold War political climate influenced the creation, curriculum, and results of various programs. They also consider how educational programs are adapting to soldiers' needs and the demands of modern warfare. Featuring contributions from eminent scholars in the field, this volume surveys the learning approaches globally employed by air forces in the past century and evaluates their effectiveness. Educating Air Forces reveals how experiential learning and formal education are not only inextricably intertwined, but also necessary to cope with advances in modern warfare.
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Bergström, Carl Fredrik, i Magnus Strand, red. Legal Accountability in EU Markets for Financial Instruments. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192849281.001.0001.
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The proper functioning of the EU financial market is protected by public actors, both national and supranational, who are responsible for rulemaking and for supervision of investment firms and other private actors. At the same time, the effectiveness of the EU legal system requires vigilance from private actors such as investment firms and their clients, who may invoke their rights before national authorities and courts. This means that investment firms have a dual role within the system, as subjects of control and enforcement, as well as agents in the maintenance of the rule of law. This book brings together a group of scholars with expertise in different legal disciplines, but a shared interest in the EU internal market and its development. It is intended to integrate a modern study of the form and function of EU rulemaking in the internal market after the financial crisis with an evaluation of core aspects of rulemaking in the financial market and, in this way, to provide a cross-cutting treatment of EU law. The book focuses on the regulatory framework in MiFID II and MiFIR, and the following thematic questions: what are the legal mechanisms for accountability, and what is the role of investment firms in the operation of those mechanisms?; what are the implications of the answers to the previous question for EU law and the EU legal system?; how do the findings contribute to the understanding of the concept of accountability?
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Steer, Cassandra, i Matthew Hersch, red. War and Peace in Outer Space. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197548684.001.0001.
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Historically, strategic restraint was the dominant approach among nations active in outer space, all of whom understood that continued access to and use of space required holding back on threats or activities which might jeopardize the status quo of peace in space. However, recently there has been a discernible shift in international rhetoric toward a more offensive approach to defense in space. The US move toward establishing a “Space Force” has been echoed by similar announcements in France and Japan. India launched an antisatellite weapon test and announced proudly that it thereby joined the elite group of China, Russia, and the United States, who have all demonstrated this capability in the past. As technologies in space advance, along with our terrestrial dependence on space-based systems for our peaceful civilian lives and for support of terrestrial warfare, the political stability of this vulnerable environment comes under threat. These factors, combined with a lack of transparency about actual capabilities and intentions on the part of all major players in space, creates a cyclical escalation which has led some commentators to describe this as a return to a Cold War–type arms race and to the foreseeability of a space-based conflict. Due to many unique characteristics of the space domain, an armed conflict in space would be catastrophic for all players, including neutral States, commercial actors, and international civil society. Due to the specificity of the space domain, specialized expertise must be provided to decision makers, and interdisciplinary opinions must be sought from a multitude of stakeholders. To that end, this volume provides a wide spectrum of perspectives from experts who have engaged together at a conference hosted by the Center for Ethics in the Rule of Law to discuss these issues. Ethical, legal, and policy solutions are offered here by those with experience in the space sector, including academia, legal practitioners, military lawyers and operators, diplomats, and policy advisers.