Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Ground Water Storage

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Ground Water Storage”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 6 września 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Ground Water Storage"

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Šútor, J., M. Gomboš, M. Kutílek i M. Krejča. "Soil water regime estimated from the soil water storage monitored in time". Soil and Water Research 3, Special Issue No. 1 (30.06.2008): S139—S146. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/13/2008-swr.

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During the vegetation season, the water storage in the soil aeration zone is influenced by meteorological phenomena and by the vegetated cover. If the groundwater table is in contact with the soil profile, its contribution to water storage must be considered. This impact can be either monitored directly or the mathematical model of the soil moisture regime can be used to simulate it. We present the results of monitoring soil water content in the aeration zone of the East Slovakian Lowland. The main problem is the evaluation of the soil water storage in seasons and in years in the soil profile. Until now, classification systems of the soil water regime evaluation have been mainly based upon climatological factors and soil morphology where the classification has been realized on the basis of indirect indicators. Here, a new classification system based upon quantified data sets is introduced and applied for the measured data. The system considers the degree of accessibility of soil water to plants, including the excess of soil water related to the duration for those characteristic periods. The time span is hierarchically arranged to differentiate between the dominant water storage periods and short-term fluctuations. The lowest taxonomic units characterize the vertical fluxes over time periods. The system allows the comparison of soil water regime taxons over several years and under different types of vegetative cover, or due to various types of land use. We monitored soil water content on two localities, one with a deep ground water level, one with a shallow ground water level. The profile with a shallow ground water level keeps a more uniform taxons and subtaxons of soil water regime due to the crop variation than the profile with a deep ground water level.
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Guymon, Gary L., i Michael R. Welch. "Reclaimed Wastewater Storage in Ground‐water Basins". Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 116, nr 3 (maj 1990): 305–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9496(1990)116:3(305).

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Zhao, Tianxing, Yan Zhu, Jingwei Wu, Ming Ye, Wei Mao i Jinzhong Yang. "Quantitative Estimation of Soil-Ground Water Storage Utilization during the Crop Growing Season in Arid Regions with Shallow Water Table Depth". Water 12, nr 12 (29.11.2020): 3351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12123351.

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Water storage in unsaturated and saturated zones during the crop non-growing season is one of the important supplementary water resources to meet crop water requirements in arid areas with shallow water table depth. It is necessary to analyze utilization of the soil-ground water storage during the crop growing season and its attribution to irrigation during the non-growing season. To facilitate the analysis, a new method based on measurements of soil moisture content and water table depth is developed. The measurements used in this study include (1) 15-year data of soil moisture content within a depth of 1 m from the land surface and water table depth measured in Jiefangzha, including its four subareas and (2) 4-year data of the same kind in Yonglian, located in arid northern China. The soil-ground water storage utilization is calculated as the difference of water storage between the beginning and end of the crop growing season in the whole computational soil profile. The results of average soil-ground water storage utilization in Jiefangzha and its four subareas and Yonglian are 121 mm, 126 mm, 113 mm, 124 mm, 185 mm and 117 mm, and the corresponding average utilization efficiencies in the non-growing season are 32.2%, 32.5%, 31.5%, 31.6%, 57.3% and 47.6%, respectively. Further, the water table fluctuation method was used to estimate the variation in water storage. The coefficients of soil-ground water storage utilization, soil-ground water storage utilization below 1 m soil depth and ground water utilization are defined, and their average values are 0.271, 0.111 and 0.026 in Jiefangzha, respectively. Then, the contribution of soil-ground water storage utilization to actual evapotranspiration is evaluated, which are over 23.5% in Jiefangzha and Yonglian. These results indicate that the soil-ground water storage plays an important role in the ecological environment in arid areas with shallow water table depth.
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Lefkoff, L. Jeffrey, i Donald R. Kendall. "Yields from Ground-Water Storage for California State Water Project". Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 122, nr 1 (styczeń 1996): 72–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9496(1996)122:1(72).

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van der Merwe, Venessa, Stacey Duvenage i Lise Korsten. "Comparison of biofilm formation and water quality when water from different sources was stored in large commercial water storage tanks". Journal of Water and Health 11, nr 1 (3.12.2012): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2012.014.

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Rain-, ground- and municipal potable water were stored in low density polyethylene storage tanks for a period of 90 days to determine the effects of long-term storage on the deterioration in the microbial quality of the water. Total viable bacteria present in the stored water and the resultant biofilms were enumerated using heterotrophic plate counts. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Colilert-18® tests were performed to determine if the faecal indicator bacteria Escherichia coli was present in the water and in the biofilm samples collected throughout the study. The municipal potable water at the start of the study was the only water source that conformed to the South African Water Quality Guidelines for Domestic Use. After 15 days of storage, this water source had deteriorated microbiologically to levels considered unfit for human consumption. E. coli was detected in the ground- and potable water and ground- and potable biofilms periodically, whereas it was detected in the rainwater and associated biofilms at every sampling point. Imperfections in the UV resistant inner lining of the tanks were shown to be ecological niches for microbial colonisation and biofilm development. The results from the current study confirmed that long-term storage can influence water quality and increase the number of microbial cells associated with biofilms on the interior surfaces of water storage tanks.
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Alley, William M. "Another Water Budget Myth: The Significance of Recoverable Ground Water in Storage". Ground Water 45, nr 3 (maj 2007): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00274.x.

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Mould, Kevin, Gregory DeMarco i Robert Frederick. "IS GROUND WATER PROTECTED AGAINST RELEASES FROM ABOVEGROUND STORAGE FACILITIES?" International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1995, nr 1 (1.02.1995): 992–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1995-1-992.

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ABSTRACT Growing concern about the threat to our nation's ground water from leaking above-ground oil storage facilities has prompted a reevaluation of regulatory and nonregulatory programs to prevent such contamination. Government and industry have begun efforts to address this concern.
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Al-Haddad, Amer Hassan, i Zainab Kadhim Jabal. "Evaluating the Recharge of Ground Water within Al-Wand River Basin". Journal of Engineering 22, nr 12 (1.12.2016): 85–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2016.12.06.

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The estimation of recharge to ground water is the important basics to improve the use of ground water with other available resources, and to save ground water resource from depletion, especially when using large quantity of ground water during a long time such as for agricultural purposes. Al-Wand River Basin in Iraq suffers from water shortage of its requirement of Blajo–Al-Wand Project, and to cover this shortage, the ground water plays a good role to overcome this problem. In this study, three methods were used to estimate the recharge and ground water storage for Al-Wand Basin, these methods are: Water Table Fluctuation (WTF), Water Balance of Climatic for Basin, and Water Table Balance for Basin. The results showed differences between the methods used to estimate recharging and ground storage for this basin. The approximated values between drawl water from production wells and water balance of climate for basin method make it better the other methods, which the difference percentage was large with drawls water. Also, classifying the methods by assumptions found make (WTF) better method, because it contains less assumptions compared to the other methods.
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Giri, Vedanti Arunkumar. "Artificial Ground Water Recharge Techniques". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, nr 7 (31.07.2023): 432–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.54612.

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bstract: Artificial groundwater recharge aims at increasing the groundwater storage by modifying the natural movement of surface water with the help of suitable structures. It is a well-planned human endeavour to increase the amount of groundwater available through structures designed to increase the natural recharge or percolation of surface water into the water table, resulting in an improvement in the amount of groundwater available for withdrawal. The main objective of this technology is to conserve and augment groundwater resources in various parts of India, which includes maintaining or diverting floodwaters, controlling saltwater intrusion, storing water to reduce pumping, and improving groundwater quality by merging with naturally occurring groundwater. In areas where artificial recharge of groundwater is required, a variety of methods can be used, including water spreading, recharge pits and wells, and many other alternatives. The choice of methods generally depends on topographic, geologic, and soil conditions, the quantity and quality of water available for recharge, and the technical and financial feasibility and social acceptability of the measure. This paper discusses various recharge methods and several issues related to artificial recharge of groundwater
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Matthews, Christine A. "USING GROUND WATER BASINS AS STORAGE FACILITIES IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA". Journal of the American Water Resources Association 27, nr 5 (październik 1991): 841–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1991.tb01482.x.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Ground Water Storage"

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He, Miaomiao. "Analysis of underground thermal energy storage systems with ground water advection in subtropical regions". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38642761.

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He, Miaomiao, i 何苗苗. "Analysis of underground thermal energy storage systems with ground water advection in subtropical regions". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38642761.

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Herndon, Roy Lee. "Hydrogeology of Butler Valley, Arizona an artificial recharge and ground-water storage prefeasibility study /". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_1985_316_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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John, David E. "Transport and Survival of Water Quality Indicator Microorganisms in the Ground Water Environment of Florida: Implications for Aquifer Storage and Waste Disposal". [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000155.

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Mahed, Gaathier. "Analysis of temporal and spatial variations in water storage by means of gravimetric and hydrologic methods in the region around the South African gravimetric observation station". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/6714.

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This work examines the use of gravity data and its application to subsurface water reservoirs in the immediate vicinity of the South African Geodynamic Observatory, Sutherland (SAGOS), situated in a semi-arid region of the Karoo region of South Africa, and underlain by the Karoo sedimentary rocks intruded by dolerite dykes and sills. SAGOS houses the only supergravity metre (SG) in Africa, and this thesis sets out to test its use in monitoring groundwater dynamics using hydrological and gravity data. The main aim of this work is the application of the SG data, in conjunction with hydrological data, to better understand episodic recharge of subsurface reservoirs. The importance of water as a resource, globally and specifically the Karoo, is reviewed in conjunction with supply and demand of water. This is to contextualise the socio-economic, technical as well as policy issues related to water resource management. Applicable technologies for water resource management and efficient water use are highlighted and the application of gravity to hydrology is introduced, including satellite as well as ground based tools. In addition, arid zone hydrology as well as recharge and its mechanisms are analysed in order to better understand these processes when examined from gravity measurements. Issues related to understanding flow within the vadose zone as well as in secondary aquifers are examined, and gravity residuals and subsurface hydrology are highlighted. Thereafter, a conceptual groundwater flow modelof the study area is developed using multiple tools. First, the geology around SAGOS was mapped using SPOT 5 imagery and then ground truthed. Second, stable isotopes and water chemistry analysis was undertaken on water samples from selected boreholes. The results allude to preferential flow acting as the main mechanism for groundwater recharge. Follow-up pump-tests illustrate that fracture connectivity is greatest at close proximity to the dyke. Soil mapping, using aerial photography was also undertaken. Duplex soils, enriched with clay at depth, dominate the study area. Using in-situ infiltration tests, it is shown that the alluvium, which lines the river beds, has a higher hydraulic conductivity than the other soils, confirming that these streams act as preferential conduits for subsurface recharge. Precipitation events were correlated against gravity residuals at 4 wells, over different time periods. The results are examined using time series analyses. Gravity residuals from well SA BK07, over a period of 24 hours after the rainfall event, delineate instances of negative correlations, as well as strong positive correlations (of up to 0.9). On the whole however, correlations between gravity and groundwater at SA BK07 are variable and weak, and in conjunction with water level measurements and water chemistry, the data suggest that this well is located in a dynamic conduit (throughflow) and not in a permanent groundwater reservoir. By contrast, other wells show strong positive correlations between gravity residuals and water levels following episodic recharge events for a later time series. Correlations between the water levels and gravity residuals in wells SA BK04, SA BK05 and SA BK 01 are in excess of 0.7 for specific rainfall events. In summary, the results suggests that gravity is an excellent tool for measuring episodic groundwater recharge within the immediate vicinity of the SAGOS. This implies that gravity can aid in monitoring groundwater losses/gains in arid and semi-arid areas. Recommendations for future work are highlighted at the end; these include the possible use of hydrological modelling of reservoirs at various scales and then comparing these results to the SG as well as GOCE and GRACE satellites data, and then improving numerical modelling of the groundwater dynamics for sites like Sutherland and the surrounding arid Karoo region, where sparse water shortages, and potential pollution related to fracking for shale-gas, are likely to compete with established water needs for farming and human consumption. It is also suggested that the gravity modelling be examined to better understand site specific scenarios and thus aid in improving the processing of the gravity signal.
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John, David E. (David Eric). "Transport and survival of water quality indicator microorganisms in the ground water environment of Florida [electronic resource] : implications for aquifer storage and waste disposal / by David E. John". University of South Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000155.

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Title from PDF of title page.
Document formatted into pages; contains 322 pages.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of South Florida, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references.
Text (Electronic thesis) in PDF format.
ABSTRACT: Ground water resources are heavily used for drinking water supply and often as a receptacle for waste water. One concern is the possible contamination of wetland areas by ground water receiving septic system infiltration. To investigate this, two tracer studies were performed using the bacteriophage PRD-1 by seeding septic systems adjacent to wetlands with the phage and monitoring migration towards wetland areas. Transport velocities were evaluated based on appearance of tracer in sampling wells at various distances from the injection point. Velocities were estimated to be 0.25 m/d and 0.4 m/d at the two sites. Some retardation with respect to the conservative tracer SF6 was observed, with a factor of about 1.5. Due to dry conditions, the water table was well below surface, so transport of the virus into surface water was not observed. Survival of public-health-related microorganisms in ground water is also a concern.
ABSTRACT: The effects of temperature and total dissolved solids (TDS) on survival of 5 groups of indicator organisms were evaluated in controlled experiments. TDS did not have significant effects on inactivation of these microbes up to 1000 mg/l, but there was indication of reduced inactivation of enterococci at TDS concentrations of 3000 mg/l. Increased temperature consistently resulted in more rapid inactivation. Survival in aquifer and reservoir water samples was also evaluated, and significant effects due to water type, temperature, and pasteurization treatment were observed. Inactivation was more rapid in surface water sources, and pasteurization enhanced survival. For enterococci and DNA coliphage, pasteurization effects were more pronounced in surface water. DNA coliphage and perhaps fecal coliform appeared to be the more-conservative indicator organisms for aquifer injection monitoring.
ABSTRACT: Lastly, it was observed that inactivation rates were considerably slower in pore water of saturated limestone than in the bulk water column of similar water sources and conditions, particularly for enterococci and fecal coliform.
System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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Hrubý, Ladislav. "Nejlepší dostupné prvky pro vodojemy". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-372246.

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This diploma thesis deals with analysis of particular elements of ground water storage tanks, their comparison and describtion of their characteristic. Basic information of designing volume of accumulation tank is included in the first part followed by a key section where particular construction parts and elements are described. In the next section, new types of water tanks are mentioned. In the final section of this thesis, study of 5 existing water tanks was accomplished. A technical recommendation is summed up in the final part that can be taken into account when constructing a new water storage tank.
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Ulickas, Paulius. "Stabatiškių aikštelės efektyvių sausinimo galimybių analizė". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120530_125112-27036.

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Tiriamojo darbo objektas: Stabatiškės aikštelė. Tiriamojo darbo tikslas: išanalizuoti esamą Stabatiškės aikštelės situaciją ir parinkti galimus sausinimo sistemos techninius sprendinius. Tiriamojo darbo uždaviniai: 1. Išanalizuoti kalvotų žemių sausinimo ypatumus ir drėgmės pertekliaus priežastis; 2. Išanalizuoti Stabatiškės aikštelės gamtines sąlygas, numatyti bei parinkti tinkamas sausinimo priemones; 3. Įvertinti Stabatiškės aikštelės topografines, geologines bei hidrogeologines sąlygas; 4. Parinkti galimas sausinimo schemas ir apibūdinti atskirus jų elementus. Tiriamojo darbo metodika: tyrimams panaudoti geologinių, hidrologinių ir hidrogeologinių tyrimų duomenys, jie apibendrinti, susisteminti ir išanalizuoti. Atsižvelgiant į ilgaamžiškumo faktorių, pasiūlyti sausinimo sistemos techniniai sprendiniai. Tiriamojo darbo rezultatai: • atlikus Stabatiškės aikštelės tyrimų analizę, buvo nustatytos pagrindinės priežastys, kodėl teritorijoje toks drėgmės perteklius; • pagal turimus duomenis parinkta optimaliausia sausinimo priemonių sistema; • nustatyta jog teritorija geografiniu, geologiniu ir geotechniniu požiūriu tinkama žemo aktyvumo radioaktyviųjų atliekų saugyklos statybai; • atviri melioraciniai grioviai bei daugiasluoksnis drenažas, tinkamiausias būdas kontroliuoti perteklinį vandenį Stabatiškės aikštelėje. Išvados: Pagrindinis veiksnys lemiantis parinktą sausinimo sistemos tipą yra teritorijos paskirtis. Žinant saugyklos eksploatavimo trukmę (300 metų), reikia... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
The subject of the research work: Stabatiske site. The aim of the study: analyze current situation of the Stabatiske site and choose drainage potential technical solutions. The specific aims of this study: 1. Analise the hilly land drainage characteristics and causes of excess moisture; 2. Analise Stabatiske site natural conditions and provide adequate drainage measures; 3. Evaluate Stabatiske site topography, geological and hydro-geological conditions; 4. Select the possible drainage schemes, and describe their individual elements. The methodology of the study: for research was using geological, hydrological and hydro-geological data which was summarized, analyzed and structured. To take account of long-lived factor was offer drainage system technical solutions. Results: • Carried out Stabatiske site research and analysis was identified the main reasons why the territory is in the excess moisture; • According to available data was choose optimal drainage system; • Established the geographic, geological and geotechnical point of view appropriate low-level radioactive waste storage facility construction; • Open reclamation ditches and multi-drainage, is the best way to control excess water in Stabatiske site. Conclusions: The main factor determining the selected type of drainage system is designed area. Knowing the storage lifetime (300 years), need for know suitable drainage complex for that period. Knowing the local water regime and soil composition, the best option to... [to full text]
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Lavest, Pascal. "Modélisation de la structure interne des réservoirs de type fluviatile : application sur un site de stockage de gaz en aquifère". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1996_LAVEST_P.pdf.

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La modélisation géologique des réservoirs de type fluviatile est un domaine dans lequel de nombreuses techniques ont été développées, qui correspondent chacune à un contexte particulier, souvent déterminé par la nature et la densité des données disponibles. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous nous situons par rapport à l'étude d'un site de stockage de gaz naturel de type aquifère. La densité et la diversité dont nous disposons ici nous permettent d'envisager la construction d'un modèle déterministe. Pour cela, nous avons développé de nouveaux outils de modélisation, regroupés autour de trois thèmes : - la modélisation géométrique et la caractérisation volumique de séquences stratigraphiques. C’est le sens de la création d'un nouvel objet, que nous avons baptisé le gstack. - la création d'un outil de type grille régulière, auquel nous avons associé de nouvelles fonctionnalités. Celles-ci permettent, dans le cadre d'un projet de modélisation géologique complexe ou plusieurs types de maillages différents sont utilisés à différentes étapes de ce projet, d'intégrer l'ensemble des résultats obtenus sur un support de travail commun. - le développement d'un nouvel algorithme d'interpolation, basé sur la méthode D. S. I. , qui permet de contraindre par un champ non uniforme d'anisotropies l'estimation d'une propriété physique sur une grille régulière. Ces outils ont été testés et validés par la construction du modèle géologique d'un site de stockage en aquifère. Ce travail nous a également permis de montrer comment il était possible d'intégrer sur un seul modèle plusieurs sources d'informations différentes (données sismiques, données de puits, connaissance du géologue, etc)
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FERREIRA, EDUARDO G. A. "Modelagem descritiva do comportamento do cimento Portland em ambiente de repositório para rejeitos radioativos". reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2017. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/28423.

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Submitted by Pedro Silva Filho (pfsilva@ipen.br) on 2018-01-31T16:42:14Z No. of bitstreams: 0
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A deposição de rejeitos radioativos em repositórios geológicos profundos vem sendo estudada nos últimos anos em diversos países. Materiais à base de cimento são utilizados nesses repositórios como material estrutural, matriz de imobilização de rejeitos ou material de preenchimento. Compreender o desempenho desse material é essencial para garantir a segurança da instalação durante o seu tempo de vida útil (de milhares a centenas de milhares de anos, dependendo do tipo de rejeito). Este trabalho objetiva modelar o comportamento em longo prazo do cimento Portland e estudar a influência de diversos fatores na hidratação e na evolução desse material. A modelagem descritiva abordou a hidratação do cimento nas condições ambientais esperadas no repositório e os efeitos desses fatores em propriedades mecânicas, mineralógicas e morfológicas do cimento. Os fatores ambientais considerados relevantes neste trabalho foram: alta temperatura e pressão, penetração de água subterrânea contendo íons quimicamente agressivos ao cimento e a presença do campo de radiação proveniente dos rejeitos. Ensaios acelerados de degradação também foram realizados para corroborar com o modelo descrito. Observou-se uma sinergia entre diversos fatores na degradação do cimento, como a influência da temperatura e da radiação em reações deletérias ao material. O resultado da modelagem apontou três principais possíveis causas de falha nas barreiras artificiais: a) a formação de um caminho preferencial; b) a perda de resistência e coesão do material; e c) o aumento na corrosão das estruturas metálicas. A descrição do modelo apresentada é a base para a modelagem matemática e a análise de segurança dos repositórios estudados no Brasil.
Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
CAPES:1231206
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Książki na temat "Ground Water Storage"

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McChesney, Doug. Artificial storage and recovery of ground water: Progress report. Olympia, WA: Washington State Dept. of Ecology, Water Resources Program, 2001.

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McChesney, Doug. Artificial storage and recovery of ground water: Progress report. Olympia, WA: Washington State Dept. of Ecology, Water Resources Program, 2001.

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L, McGuire Virginia, i Geological Survey (U.S.), red. Water in storage and ground-water management approaches, High Plains Aquifer, 2000. Reston, VA: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2002.

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L, McGuire Virginia, i Geological Survey (U.S.), red. Water in storage and approaches to ground-water management, High Plains aquifer, 2000. Reston, Va: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2003.

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Corporation, States West Water Resources. Final report for Green River ground water recharge and alternate storage. Cheyenne, Wyo: States West Water Resources Corp., 2001.

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Harrill, James R. Ground-water storage depletion in Pahrump Valley, Nevada-California, 1962-75. [Reston, VA]: U.S. Geological Survey, 1986.

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California. Dept. of Water Resources. Central District. Reconnaissance investigation of ground water storage in Santa Clara Valley to increase yield of the state water project. Sacaramento, Calif: State of California, Resources Agency, Dept. of Water Resources, Central District, 1985.

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Bartolino, James R. Numerical simulation of vertical ground-water flux of the Rio Grande from ground-water temperature profiles, central New Mexico. Albuquerque, N.M: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1999.

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Bartolino, James R. Numerical simulation of vertical ground-water flux of the Rio Grande from ground-water temperature profiles, Central New Mexico. Albuquerque, N.M. (5338 Montgomery NE, Suite 400, Albuquerque 87109-1311) : U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geolgocial Survey: U.S. Geological Survey, Branch of Information Services [distributor], 1999.

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Martin, Peter. Ground-water monitoring at Santa Barbara, California: Phase 3--development of a three-dimensional digital ground-water flow model for storage unit I of the Santa Barbara ground-water basin. Sacramento, Calif: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, 1986.

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Części książek na temat "Ground Water Storage"

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Pal, Saikat, G. Kannan, Vijay Shahri i A. Nanda. "Ground Water Management for Large Under-Ground Storage Caverns". W Engineering Geology for Society and Territory - Volume 6, 921–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09060-3_167.

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Nermoen, B., i O. T. Blindheim. "Ground water maintenance and leakage control during construction of unlined rock caverns for pressurized gas storage, Mongstad". W Storage of Gases in Rock Caverns, 317–22. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203738245-41.

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Lantagne, Daniele. "Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Interventions: Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage to Reduce the Burden of Diarrhoeal Disease in Developing Countries". W AD Reader Ground Rules for Humanitarian Design, 124–33. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119148784.ch8.

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Gichuhi, Getrude, i Stephen Gitahi. "Sustainable Urban Drainage Practices and Their Effects on Aquifer Recharge". W African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 809–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_67.

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AbstractBetween 1994 and 2006, an 18% increase of freshwater flow into the earth’s ocean was recorded, as well as extreme weather events such as prolonged drought and intense floods. Following this period was an era of increased evaporation from oceans and seas, which heightened global warming in Africa. This chapter proposes the use of man-made aquifers recharge processes as methods of draining water into the soil before the runoff water reaches water bodies. Source control involves controlling the volume of water entering drainage systems or rivers by cutting off runoff water through storing for reuse or evapotranspiration as seen in green roofs. Pre-treatment is the use of trenches to filter and remove contaminants from water before getting to water bodies. Retention systems on the other hand is controlling the rate at which water is discharged to waterways by providing water storage areas such as ponds, water retention areas, etc., while Infiltration Systems are areas that allow natural soaking of stormwater runoff to the ground naturally recharging the water table. The proposed methods will see replenishing of the water table, a great leap in the efforts of curbing global warming. This practice can easily be adopted by both individuals and government as we build more and more buildings creating a balance between the need for human settlement and the natural way of water replenishing itself. The methods do not introduce extra costs to an already existing budget. In some cases, the methods help to reduce the costs of projects especially in urban areas. Africa which hosts many of the growing countries sees and will continue to experience surges in urbanization. For such, these methods presented in this topic will be, if implemented, a best method to solve the urban drainage problems before this even occurs.
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Gichuhi, Getrude, i Stephen Gitahi. "Sustainable Urban Drainage Practices and Their Effects on Aquifer Recharge". W African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_67-1.

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AbstractBetween 1994 and 2006, an 18% increase of freshwater flow into the earth’s ocean was recorded, as well as extreme weather events such as prolonged drought and intense floods. Following this period was an era of increased evaporation from oceans and seas, which heightened global warming in Africa. This chapter proposes the use of man-made aquifers recharge processes as methods of draining water into the soil before the runoff water reaches water bodies. Source control involves controlling the volume of water entering drainage systems or rivers by cutting off runoff water through storing for reuse or evapotranspiration as seen in green roofs. Pre-treatment is the use of trenches to filter and remove contaminants from water before getting to water bodies. Retention systems on the other hand is controlling the rate at which water is discharged to waterways by providing water storage areas such as ponds, water retention areas, etc., while Infiltration Systems are areas that allow natural soaking of stormwater runoff to the ground naturally recharging the water table. The proposed methods will see replenishing of the water table, a great leap in the efforts of curbing global warming. This practice can easily be adopted by both individuals and government as we build more and more buildings creating a balance between the need for human settlement and the natural way of water replenishing itself. The methods do not introduce extra costs to an already existing budget. In some cases, the methods help to reduce the costs of projects especially in urban areas. Africa which hosts many of the growing countries sees and will continue to experience surges in urbanization. For such, these methods presented in this topic will be, if implemented, a best method to solve the urban drainage problems before this even occurs.
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Gheorghe, Iuliana Florentina, Daniela Strat i Simona Mihailescu. "Role of Riparian Zones in Reducing Pollution of Surface and Ground Water, Increase Agricultural Production and Nutrient Acquisition and Storage in River Catchments". W Geobotany Studies, 365–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74950-7_18.

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Huntley, Brian John. "Adaptations to Life in the Namib Desert". W Ecology of Angola, 249–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18923-4_11.

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AbstractThe Namib Desert, as represented in Iona National Park, provides a living museum of the adaptations of animals and plants to extreme environments. This chapter illustrates the morphological, behavioural and physiological adaptations resulting from natural selection in response to extreme conditions of aridity and temperature. The role of water is described as the ‘currency of life’ in the Namib. Surface area to volume ratios in animals and plants determine rates of water loss through evaporation, with many succulent plant species displaying the short, stout water conserving pachycaul life form. Water capture from fog is achieved by ‘fog basking’ and ‘sand trenching’ by beetle species, and by grazing at night (when water content of grasses is highest) by antelope. Competition for food in low productivity environments such as the Namib takes many forms, including habitat partitioning, cooperative behaviour and efficient food storage mechanisms. Unique Namib natural phenomena, such as the ‘fairy circles’ - bare patches in extensive desert grasslands - have received intensive study by multiple research groups. Arguments proposing divergent hypotheses demonstrate the scientific method in action.
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Wekesa, Chemuku, Leila Ndalilo i Carolyne Manya. "Reconciling Community Livelihood Needs and Biodiversity Conservation in Taita Hills Forests for Improved Livelihoods and Transformational Management of the Landscape". W Fostering Transformative Change for Sustainability in the Context of Socio-Ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes (SEPLS), 17–35. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6761-6_2.

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AbstractThe fragmented forests of Taita Hills form an exceptional multi-functional socio-ecological production landscape with outstanding diversity of flora and fauna that provide ecosystem goods and services supporting human wellbeing and livelihood systems. However, these forests are threatened by illegal logging for wood products and encroachment for crop farming. A study was conducted in villages surrounding five forest fragments to establish the conservation programmes responsible for keeping these forests intact for provision of goods and services to the local communities. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect data from 250 respondents in 25 villages surrounding the five forest fragments. Twenty-five focus group discussions (FGDs) were held with key informants actively involved in conservation activities. Results showed that the Taita community conserves the forest fragments through management practices that integrate livelihood needs in conservation, such as butterfly farming, bee-keeping and ecotourism. Additionally, community tree nurseries have been established to produce seedlings for restoring degraded areas, and agroforestry belts have been established on the forests’ edges to provide wood products and protect the forests from encroachment. Likewise, village committees have been established to oversee conservation activities inside the village jurisdictional area. The integrated conservation and livelihood approach has reduced forest destruction, enhanced landscape connectivity for biodiversity conservation, increased incomes, enhanced capacity of the community to adapt to climate change, improved food security, enhanced carbon storage, strengthened traditional knowledge and practices, and ensured availability of clean water for the local population.
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Zhu, H., H. Zhao, Y. Jiang i L. Wang. "Research and application on the coupled method of remote-sensing and ground-monitoring of reservoir storage capacity". W Water Resources and Environment, 347–53. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b19079-59.

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Hudzari Haji Razali, Mohd, Abdul Qudus Puteh, Alawi Haji Sulaiman i Mohamad Hakim Mohamad Yatim. "Smart Rainwater Harvesting System for Sustainable Agricultural Irrigation and Drainage System". W Irrigation and Drainage - Recent Advances. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.104442.

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Nowadays the world population increases, so the demand for clean water is rising. Rain is the faster resource that can recharge compared to ground water. Rainwater harvesting system (RWHS) is one of the traditional and easiest ways of rising fresh water supplies. This system already implements by many countries in the world as a viable decentralized water source. Malaysia can be classified as a country with high annual rainfall and high consumption of domestic water. Malaysia is well and strategically positioned to harvest rainwater for both potable and non-potable uses. This research describes the collaborative and development affordable technology for capturing and retaining runoff starting from rooftop gutter until the tank storage using as a valuable source of water and recharge the percolation well and increase ground water level. The developed system consists of soil sensor, integrated water pump, Arduino controller and water tank harvesting with dynamic mechanical flushing technique which improving filtration method. The results show that the system can be efficiently used for small-scale drip irrigation especially in urbanization farming as nowadays scenario of agriculture demand. Hopefully, this can be helpful as a valuable water source in future.
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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Ground Water Storage"

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Said, Ahmed, Mark Ross i Ken Trout. "Calibration of HSPF Using Active Ground Water Storage". W World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2007. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40927(243)342.

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Bhargava, K., A. K. Ghosh i S. Ramanujam. "Seismic Fragility Analysis of a Water Storage Structure". W 12th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone12-49472.

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The present paper is concerned with the seismic response and fragility evaluation of a water storage structure. Seismic analysis has been carried out considering the hydrodynamic effects of the contained water. The various parameters that could affect the seismic structural response include material strength of concrete, structural damping available within the structure and the normalized ground motion response spectral shape. Based on this limited case study; the seismic fragility of the structure is developed as families of conditional probability curves plotted against peak ground acceleration (PGA) at the location of interest. The procedure adopted incorporates the various randomness and uncertainty associated with the parameters under consideration.
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Upham, Robert, Robert Mulvey, Andrew Marsh i Richard Johnson. "Water Management through Recharge and Aquifer Storage and Recovery Wells". W Specialty Symposium on Integrated Surface and Ground Water Management at the World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40562(267)3.

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Pyne, R. David G. "The Emerging Role of Aquifers for Water Storage, Treatment and Conveyance". W Specialty Symposium on Integrated Surface and Ground Water Management at the World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40562(267)1.

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Rana, Arti, i Kiran Dhobal. "An Improved Storage System for Rainwater Harvesting and Artificially Augmenting Ground Water". W 2023 IEEE International Conference on Integrated Circuits and Communication Systems (ICICACS). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icicacs57338.2023.10099951.

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Zahran, K. "Evaluation Ground Water Storage at Kharga Oasis, Western Desert, Egypt Using Integrated Satellite Data". W NSG2022 28th European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202220089.

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Olszewski, Pawel. "The Possibility of Using the Ground as a Seasonal Heat Storage: The Numerical Study". W ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht-fed2004-56185.

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Humankind can effectively utilize only part of the solar energy reaching a surface of the Earth. It is due to the low density of the solar radiation and its unfavorable distribution. The majority of solar energy falls to the low latitude countries, where space-heating requirements are marginal. In these countries the solar heat is used for preparing water for washing or cleaning purposes, and this process works in one, or — maximum — a few daily cycles. In countries located at higher latitudes, where space heating is necessary in cold months, the current solar energy is insufficient to meet the space heating demand. The heat storage in deep layer of the ground is the one of possible way for solution of this problem. During the heating season, energy storage is discharged supplying the heat pomp cooperating with domestic heating system and during the summer months the storage can be charged by fluid heated in solar collectors. The main aim of presented research was analysis of using the ground layer as a heat storage system in the countries located in higher latitudes. The first variable taken into consideration was the output temperature of water leaving the solar collectors. The temperature distribution in the ground depends on the inlet water temperature, primary heated in the solar collectors, and forced into vertical boreholes. The temperature field in the ground was calculated using the duFort-Frankel finite-difference numerical method. A numerical code for 3D time dependent storage simulation has been created. The next step of analysis was calculation of waters’ temperature at the borehole output during cold months when the ground storage is discharged. This water works as a low-temperature reservoir of the heat pomp supplying the dwelling heating system. The solution of the problem is focused on an optimization of all parameters for the most efficient utilization of energy stored in the ground. The numerical genetic algorithms are scheduled to use to achieve this target.
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Taira, Hirotoshi, Takashi Sato, Takao Kakizaki i Masahito Oguma. "Enhanced Ground Source Heat Pump System With Thermal Storage System". W ASME 2018 12th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2018 Power Conference and the ASME 2018 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2018-7330.

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The short-cycling operation of a heat pump decreases energy consumption efficiency. Short-cycling operations of GSHP (Ground Source Heat Pump System) occur when the ON / OFF control of a heat pump is used a partial load condition. It is considered effective that GSHP with capacity controls installs to suppress short-cycling operations. However, there is no report on any continuous operations by capacity control GSHP in actual operations. We confirmed that GSHP (water to water) with capacity control operates short-cycling in the residence. Short-cycling operations were occurred a sudden load fluctuation due to opening or closing of the valves. We conducted effective verification experiments of the thermal storage device at the artificial heat load fluctuations condition. When the thermal storage device installed upstream brine circulation line of the heat pump with the capacity control, continuous operations are performed. It was under the condition at the heating heat load of 5 kW is turned ON / OFF every 20 minutes. In this case, energy consumption efficiency of a heat pump is 13% higher than the efficiency without the thermal storage device.
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Weber, Bernd, Eduardo Solís Figueroa, M. Dolores Durán García, Iván G. Martínez Cienfuegos i Eduardo A. Rincón-Mejía. "The Utilization of Ground Surroundings for Seasonal Solar Energy Storage". W ASME 2016 10th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2016 Power Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2016-59663.

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In European countries seasonal thermal energy storage is an emergent task due to availability of solar energy in summer and thermal energy demand in winter. In this study the performance of an uninsulated buried storage tank is analyzed. Summer temperatures reached 45 °C in the storage tank and 22 °C in the soil, 1 m from the tank shell. Wintertime temperature of the storage tank dropped to 8 °C, near the freezing limit of the heat pump, and soil cooled down to 9 °C. While in wintertime heat transfer from earth to water was the limiting factor, a summertime temperature difference of more than 20 °C allowed enough energy transport to charge the soil storage system. An analytical model showed that more than 50% of the solar energy stored could be recovered by this application.
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Marigo, Marco, Enrico Prataviera, Sara Bordignon, Michele Bottarelli i Angelo Zarrella. "Analysis of the thermal performance of a ground water storage cell with helical shaped pipe for ground source heat pumps". W 2021 Building Simulation Conference. KU Leuven, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26868/25222708.2021.30377.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Ground Water Storage"

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Matuska, N. Ground-water sampling of the NNWSI [Nevada Nuclear Waste Storage Investigation] water table test wells surrounding Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), grudzień 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/137593.

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Guidati, Gianfranco, i Domenico Giardini. Joint synthesis “Geothermal Energy” of the NRP “Energy”. Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), luty 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46446/publication_nrp70_nrp71.2020.4.en.

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Near-to-surface geothermal energy with heat pumps is state of the art and is already widespread in Switzerland. In the future energy system, medium-deep to deep geothermal energy (1 to 6 kilometres) will, in addition, play an important role. To the forefront is the supply of heat for buildings and industrial processes. This form of geothermal energy utilisation requires a highly permeable underground area that allows a fluid – usually water – to absorb the naturally existing rock heat and then transport it to the surface. Sedimentary rocks are usually permeable by nature, whereas for granites and gneisses permeability must be artificially induced by injecting water. The heat gained in this way increases in line with the drilling depth: at a depth of 1 kilometre, the underground temperature is approximately 40°C, while at a depth of 3 kilometres it is around 100°C. To drive a steam turbine for the production of electricity, temperatures of over 100°C are required. As this requires greater depths of 3 to 6 kilometres, the risk of seismicity induced by the drilling also increases. Underground zones are also suitable for storing heat and gases, such as hydrogen or methane, and for the definitive storage of CO2. For this purpose, such zones need to fulfil similar requirements to those applicable to heat generation. In addition, however, a dense top layer is required above the reservoir so that the gas cannot escape. The joint project “Hydropower and geo-energy” of the NRP “Energy” focused on the question of where suitable ground layers can be found in Switzerland that optimally meet the requirements for the various uses. A second research priority concerned measures to reduce seismicity induced by deep drilling and the resulting damage to buildings. Models and simulations were also developed which contribute to a better understanding of the underground processes involved in the development and use of geothermal resources. In summary, the research results show that there are good conditions in Switzerland for the use of medium-deep geothermal energy (1 to 3 kilometres) – both for the building stock and for industrial processes. There are also grounds for optimism concerning the seasonal storage of heat and gases. In contrast, the potential for the definitive storage of CO2 in relevant quantities is rather limited. With respect to electricity production using deep geothermal energy (> 3 kilometres), the extent to which there is potential to exploit the underground economically is still not absolutely certain. In this regard, industrially operated demonstration plants are urgently needed in order to boost acceptance among the population and investors.
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Lers, Amnon, Majid R. Foolad i Haya Friedman. genetic basis for postharvest chilling tolerance in tomato fruit. United States Department of Agriculture, styczeń 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7600014.bard.

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ABSTRACT Postharvest losses of fresh produce are estimated globally to be around 30%. Reducing these losses is considered a major solution to ensure global food security. Storage at low temperatures is an efficient practice to prolong postharvest performance of crops with minimal negative impact on produce quality or human health and the environment. However, many fresh produce commodities are susceptible to chilling temperatures, and the application of cold storage is limited as it would cause physiological chilling injury (CI) leading to reduced produce quality. Further, the primary CI becomes a preferred site for pathogens leading to decay and massive produce losses. Thus, chilling sensitive crops should be stored at higher minimal temperatures, which curtails their marketing life and in some cases necessitates the use of other storage strategies. Development of new knowledge about the biological basis for chilling tolerance in fruits and vegetables should allow development of both new varieties more tolerant to cold, and more efficient postharvest storage treatments and storage conditions. In order to improve the agricultural performance of modern crop varieties, including tomato, there is great potential in introgression of marker-defined genomic regions from wild species onto the background of elite breeding lines. To exploit this potential for improving tomato fruit chilling tolerance during postharvest storage, we have used in this research a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between the red-fruited tomato wild species SolanumpimpinellifoliumL. accession LA2093 and an advanced Solanum lycopersicumL. tomato breeding line NCEBR-1, developed in the laboratory of the US co-PI. The original specific objectives were: 1) Screening of RIL population resulting from the cross NCEBR1 X LA2093 for fruit chilling response during postharvest storage and estimation of its heritability; 2) Perform a transcriptopmic and bioinformatics analysis for the two parental lines following exposure to chilling storage. During the course of the project, we learned that we could measure greater differences in chilling responses among specific RILs compared to that observed between the two parental lines, and thus we decided not to perform transcriptomic analysis and instead invest our efforts more on characterization of the RILs. Performing the transcriptomic analysis for several RILs, which significantly differ in their chilling tolerance/sensitivity, at a later stage could result with more significant insights. The RIL population, (172 lines), was used in field experiment in which fruits were examined for chilling sensitivity by determining CI severity. Following the field experiments, including 4 harvest days and CI measurements, two extreme tails of the response distribution, each consisting of 11 RILs exhibiting either high sensitivity or tolerance to chilling stress, were identified and were further examined for chilling response in greenhouse experiments. Across the RILs, we found significant (P < 0.01) correlation between field and greenhouse grown plants in fruit CI. Two groups of 5 RILs, whose fruits exhibited reproducible chilling tolerant/sensitive phenotypes in both field and greenhouse experiments, were selected for further analyses. Numerous genetic, physiological, biochemical and molecular variations were investigated in response to postharvest chilling stress in the selected RILs. We confirmed the differential response of the parental lines of the RIL population to chilling stress, and examined the extent of variation in the RIL population in response to chilling treatment. We determined parameters which would be useful for further characterization of chilling response in the RIL population. These included chlorophyll fluorescence Fv/Fm, water loss, total non-enzymatic potential of antioxidant activity, ascorbate and proline content, and expression of LeCBF1 gene, known to be associated with cold acclimation. These parameters could be used in continuation studies for the identification and genetic mapping of loci contributing to chilling tolerance in this population, and identifying genetic markers associated with chilling tolerance in tomato. Once genetic markers associated with chilling tolerance are identified, the trait could be transferred to different genetic background via marker-assisted selection (MAS) and breeding. The collaborative research established in this program has resulted in new information and insights in this area of research and the collaboration will be continued to obtain further insights into the genetic, molecular biology and physiology of postharvest chilling tolerance in tomato fruit. The US Co-PI, developed the RIL population that was used for screening and measurement of the relevant chilling stress responses and conducted statistical analyses of the data. Because we were not able to grow the RIL population under field conditions in two successive generations, we could not estimate heritability of response to chilling temperatures. However, we plan to continue the research, grow the RIL progeny in the field again, and determine heritability of chilling tolerance in a near future. The IS and US investigators interacted regularly and plan to continue and expand on this study, since combing the expertise of the Co-PI in genetics and breeding with that of the PI in postharvest physiology and molecular biology will have great impact on this line of research, given the significant findings of this one-year feasibility project.
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Ground-water storage depletion in Pahrump Valley, Nevada-California, 1962-75. US Geological Survey, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wsp2279.

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Ground-water monitoring at Santa Barbara, California; Phase 3, development of a three-dimensional digital ground-water flow model for storage unit I of the Santa Barbara ground-water basin. US Geological Survey, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri864103.

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A detection-level hazardous waste ground-water monitoring compliance plan for the 200 areas low-level burial grounds and retrievable storage units. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), luty 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6201649.

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Status of ground-water levels and storage in the Wichita well field area, south-central Kansas, 1997. US Geological Survey, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri984095.

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Ground-water recharge to and storage in the regolith-fractured crystalline rock aquifer system, Guilford County, North Carolina. US Geological Survey, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri974140.

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Changes in ground-water levels and storage in the Wichita well field area, south-central Kansas, 1940-98. US Geological Survey, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri984141.

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Measurement of ground-water storage change and specific yield using the temporal-gravity method near Rillito Creek, Tucson, Arizona. US Geological Survey, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri974125.

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