Artykuły w czasopismach: „Grommet”

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Dingle, Ann F., Liam M. Flood, B. Udhi Kumar, Robert C. Newcombe i C. Stat. "Tympanosclerosis and mini grommets: the relevance of grommet design". Journal of Laryngology & Otology 109, nr 10 (październik 1995): 922–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100131688.

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AbstractFifty children with otitis media with effusion undergoing grommet insertion had into one ear a Minititanium grommet inserted and into the other ear a Mini-teflon grommet. Post-operative follow-up until after extrusion of the grommets demonstrated only a small difference between the extrusion times of the two grommets (a significant difference of 41 days) and no difference in the degree of tympanosclerosis seen with each grommet. We propose that the mass of a grommet appears to play less of a role than has previously been suggested in the pathogenesis of tympanosclerosis following grommet insertion and that duration of intubation may be the most significant factor.

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2

Shone, G. R., i I. P. Griffith. "Titanium grommets: a trial to assess function and extrusion rates". Journal of Laryngology & Otology 104, nr 3 (marzec 1990): 197–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100112265.

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AbstractTitanium grommets have been promoted as having the advantage of a slower extrusion rate than other types of ventilation tube. A prospective trial was therefore designed to compare the function and extrusion rates of these grommets with those of the widely used Shepard design of Teflon grommet in a single group of patients. Thirty-one children had one type of grommet inserted in one ear and the other type in the opposite ear. After eight months there were significantly more Titanium grommets still functioning (p < 0.05) but after 12 and after 16 months there was no significant difference in the extrusion rates of the two types of grommet. There was a higher incidence of infection with granulation tissue formation around the Titanium grommet. Accordingly it is concluded that the extra expense of the Titanium grommet is not justified, particularly as the long-term effects of these grommets on the tympanic membrane are not known.

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Fitzsimons, Kate J., Lynn P. Copley, Jan H. Van Der Meulen, Channa Panagamuwa i Scott A. Deacon. "Grommet Surgery in Children with Orofacial Clefts in England". Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 54, nr 1 (styczeń 2017): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/15-047.

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Objective To assess grommet insertion practice in the first 5 years of life among children with an orofacial cleft in England. Design Analysis of national administrative data of hospital admissions. Setting National Health Service hospitals, England. Patients Patients born between 1997 and 2005 who underwent surgical cleft repair. Intervention Children receiving grommets before the age of 5 years. Outcome Measures The proportion of children receiving grommets before the age of 5 years, the timing of the first grommet insertion, and the proportion of children having repeat grommet insertions were examined according to cleft type, the absence or presence of additional anomalies, socioeconomic deprivation, and region of residence. Results The study included 8,269 children. Before the age of 5 years, 3,015 (36.5%) children received grommets. Of these, 33.2% received their first grommets at primary cleft repair and 33.3% underwent multiple grommet insertion procedures. The most common age for the first procedure was between 6 and 12 months. Children with a cleft affecting the palate were more likely to receive grommets than children with a cleft lip alone (45.5% versus 4.5%). Grommet insertion practice also varied according to year of birth, absence or presence of additional anomalies, socioeconomic deprivation, and region of residence. Conclusion Grommets practice in children with a cleft appears to vary according to their clinical characteristics. The differences in practice observed according to deprivation and region of residence need to be further explored.

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Greig, A. V. H., M. E. Papesch i A. R. Rowsell. "Parental perceptions of grommet insertion in children with cleft palate". Journal of Laryngology & Otology 113, nr 12 (grudzień 1999): 1068–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100157913.

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AbstractOtitis media with effusion is almost universal in children with cleft palate and can delay speech, language and educational development by causing hearing loss. Grommet insertion at the time of cleft palate repair is common. There is debate about whether the benefits of grommets outweigh the risk of complications. A postal questionnaire was used to investigate parental perceptions of middle-ear ventilation via grommet insertion in children attending the multidisciplinary cleft palate clinic. These children's case notes were reviewed. Many children had speech and language delay, but parents thought this improved after grommet insertion. Overall parents were pleased with the results. This confirms that grommets have an important part to play in the management of children with cleft palate.

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Swanson, Alfred B., Genevieve de Groot Swanson, B. Kent Maupin, Sho-min Shi, John G. Peters, Dirk H. Alander i Valeria A. Cestari. "The Use of a Grommet Bone Liner for Flexible Hinge Implant Arthroplasty of the Great Toe". Foot & Ankle 12, nr 3 (grudzień 1991): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110079101200304.

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Press-fit titanium grommets were developed to shield flexible hinged silicone implants used for arthroplasty of the radiocarpal, metacarpophalangeal, and metatarsophalangeal joints. Since 1985, 179 titanium circumferential grommets were used in 90 first metatarsophalangeal joints with excellent, pain-free, functional results and favorable bone response around the implant stems and at the bone-grommet interface. There were no complications due to particulate reactivity, implant fracture, or grommet fracture. The use of circumferential titanium grommets appears to be a safe and effective method to improve the long-term durability of flexible hinge implant arthroplasty of the first metatarsophalangeal joint.

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Karkanevatos, A., i T. H. J. Lesser. "Grommet insertion in children: a survey of parental perceptions". Journal of Laryngology & Otology 112, nr 8 (sierpień 1998): 732–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002221510014157x.

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AbstractGrommet insertion is a widely accepted method of treatment of glue ear in children. There have been questions raised over the last few years about the indications for grommets and whether assessing the hearing alone is an efficient outcome measure. Parental pressure accounts for one of the factors that is taken into consideration when the decision to insert grommets for glue ear is made. In this paper, a prospective questionnaire is used to investigate the parental perceptions of the effectiveness of grommet insertion in children, focusing on alternative outcome measures such as general health, language, and social skills. The results of this survey suggest that grommet insertion causes improvement in many factors other than hearing and this seems to account for the parental pressure for siblings to have grommet insertion.

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Kumar, Manoj, Anwar M. Khan i Sinead Davis. "Medial displacement of grommets: an unwanted sequel of grommet insertion". Journal of Laryngology & Otology 114, nr 6 (czerwiec 2000): 448–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0022215001906039.

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Grommet insertion is one of the commonest surgical procedures performed in the UK. We have come across three cases in which grommets have displaced medially in the middle ear after establishing a satisfactory postinsertion position. We suggest that an abnormally long myringotomy incision and improper placement of the grommet are responsible for this unwanted outcome.

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Pringle, M. B. "Grommets, swimming and otorrhoea — a review". Journal of Laryngology & Otology 107, nr 3 (marzec 1993): 190–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100122601.

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Ever since Armstrong reintroduced the concept co grommeet insertion parents have been asking ‘may my child swim?’, yet there is still no consensus as to the correct answer. This paper reviews the work that has been done on this subject in the last 25 years. A review of teh reates of otorrhoea following grommet insertion, irrespective of swimming, shows a variation from 12 to 64 per cent. Evidence suggests that pressures of 12–23 cm H2O are needed to push water through a grommeet and that it is unlikely that water will enter the middle ear during surface swimming. Only bath water seems to cause significant inflammtory changes to middle ear mucosa. Not a single paper comparing swimming without ear protection can be safely permitted for children with grommets.

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Abdullah, V. A., M. B. Pringle i N. S. Shah. "Use of the trimmed Shah permavent tube in the management of glue ear". Journal of Laryngology & Otology 108, nr 4 (kwiecień 1994): 303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002221510012660x.

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AbstractTwenty-five children (mean age six years) with de novo bilateral ear effusions received a ‘trimmed’ high grade silicone (HGS) Shah permavent ventilation tube in one ear and a conventional polyethylene Shah grommet in the other.The extrusion rate and the degree of tympanosclerosis formation was examined. At 29 months the conventional grommet had extruded in 90 per cent of children and a recurrent middle ear effusion was found in over 50 per cent of these ears.The average length of stay for the conventional grommet was 12.5 months. Five permavent tubes had extruded, one was extruding but the remainder were all in place and patent. Comparing ears on each side the amount of tympanosclerosis was worse in the ear with the conventional grommet in 47 per cent of children and worse on the permanent side in 11 per cent of the children.The ‘trimmed permavent’ appears to act as a medium to long-term grommet which self extrudes without serious complications. Its use at the primary operation in young children may save repeated insertions of conventional grommets.

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Praveen, C. V., i R. M. Terry. "Does passive smoking affect the outcome of grommet insertion in children?" Journal of Laryngology & Otology 119, nr 6 (czerwiec 2005): 448–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0022215054273197.

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Bilateral myringotomy with insertion of ventilation tube (grommet) is the most common surgical procedure done on children under general anaesthetic. A prospective study was conducted on children undergoing grommet insertion to ascertain any relationship between exposures of passive smoking to the outcome of grommet insertion. Six hundred and six children (with 1174 ears) who underwent grommet insertion for recurrent secretory otitis media were followed up till the grommets were extruded. Thirty-three children (65 per cent), whose mothers smoked when they were pregnant, had bilateral narrow external ear canals. The median survival rate of grommet was 59 weeks in children who were exposed to passive smoking as compared to 86 weeks for non-exposed children and the extrusion rate of grommet was 36 per cent higher at the end of one year if both parents smoked compared to the non-smoking group. Post-extrusion myringosclerosis was 64 per cent if both parents smoked and less than 20 per cent if neither parents smoked. It is concluded that post-operative infection rate, attic retraction, post-extrusion myringosclerosis and permanent perforations of tympanic membrane were more common in children exposed to passive smoking. The study provides further support to professional and governmental advice that passive smoking is harmful.

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Tahery, J., i S. R. Saeed. "An easier way of inserting the Shah permavent grommet". Journal of Laryngology & Otology 119, nr 1 (styczeń 2005): 36–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0022215053222798.

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Ventilation tube insertion plays an important role in the management of otitis media with effusion. In selected cases, repeated grommet insertion due to persistent eustachian tube dysfunction necessitates the need for longer-term ventilation. Insertion of such tubes can however occasionally be more difficult than insertion of standard grommets. One such long-term ventilation tube is the Shah permavent grommet. This paper describes a simple modification of the technique that is less time-consuming and less traumatic.

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12

Davies-Husband, C. R., C. Harker, T. Davison i P. D. Yates. "Post-surgical tympanostomy tube follow up with audiology: experience at the Freeman Hospital". Journal of Laryngology & Otology 126, nr 2 (11.11.2011): 142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215111002982.

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AbstractBackground:Tympanostomy tube (grommet) insertion is a common procedure, with little guidance in the current literature regarding post-operative surveillance. Our institution implemented a protocol to follow up post-surgical grommet patients via audiology at six weeks.Methods:A retrospective audit of all patients less than 16 years old who had undergone grommet insertion during a three-month period.Results:A total of 149 patients had grommets inserted. Exclusion criteria left a cohort of 123 individuals; 82 (67 per cent) were followed up by audiology. Of these, 13 (11 per cent) did not attend follow up, and were discharged; 53 (43 per cent) were discharged from audiology with normal thresholds; and 16 (13 per cent) were referred back to a consultant. Therefore, the overall reduction in patients followed up by an otolaryngologist was 54 per cent.Conclusion:We recommend a six-week follow up with audiology following grommet insertion, allowing for referral back to ENT services in the event of related complications.

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13

Todd, G. B. "Audit of the incidence of persistent perforation of the tympanic membrane following grommet removal or extrusion". Journal of Laryngology & Otology 107, nr 7 (lipiec 1993): 593–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100123795.

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The incidence of persistent perforation following grommet removal or extrusion in 210 ears was assessed, and found to be zero per cent. Collar button grommets were retained longer than Shepard grommets, and the percentage of ears requiring two or more tube insertions was 51.9 per cent.

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Salam, M. A., i C. Wengraf. "Glue under pressure: A bad prognostic sign for recurrence of otitis media with effusion". Journal of Laryngology & Otology 106, nr 11 (listopad 1992): 974–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100121504.

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AbstractOne hundred and thirteen children with bilateral otitis media with effusion (OME) underwent myringotomy and insertion of Shah grommets. They were classified into three groups according to the presence or absence of ‘glue under pressure’ unilaterally or bilaterally. The follow up period ranging between 18 and 32 months determined the comparative rate of recurrence of OME and the number of grommet reinsertions. This study shows a significantly higher incidence of recurrent OME, requiring grommet reinsertion, in ears with glue under pressure (60 per cent) compared to those with glue not under pressure (7.4 per cent). Thus it was possible to identify a subset of children with OME who have a poorer prognosis for recurrence and who should be treated with long-stay grommets in the first instance.

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Herdman, R., i J. L. W. Wright. "Grommets and cholesteatoma in children". Journal of Laryngology & Otology 102, nr 11 (listopad 1988): 1000–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002221510010711x.

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Cholesteatoma in children may be a sequel to chronic exudative otitis media with tympanic membrane retraction but he the role of grommets in the possible facilitation of squamous epithelial invasion into the middle ear is not yet clear. A retrospective study was made of the history and prior treatment in 25 children who underwent mastoidectomy for cholesteatoma at St. Mary's Hospital between 1975 and 1986. Thirteen patients had undergone previous middle ear aeration procedures which included myringotomy, cortical mastoidectomy and grommets. There was no difference in the site or severity of cholesteatoma in the operated and non-operated cases. Of the seven patients with a history of multiple grommets three had primarily attic, and three had primarily mesotympanic disease. The latter had greater ossicular erosion. One patient with an intact tympanic membrane had grommet insertion subsequently developed a cholesteatoma. While cholesteatoma due directly to the presence of grommets is rare, it appears that children who require multiple grommet insertions constitute a high risk group and should be very closely monitored.

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Sood, S., i A. Waddell. "Accurate consent for insertion and later removal of grommets". Journal of Laryngology & Otology 121, nr 4 (kwiecień 2007): 338–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215107001508.

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Each year in the UK over 30 000 patients undergo insertion of grommets. The grommet insertion may cause many problems like persistent otorrhoea, scarred drum, retraction pockets and retention. The grommets may be extruded from the middle ears by the normal epithelial migration mechanism once they have served their purpose. These may become infected and require removal. We have analysed the Department of Health Hospital Episode Statistics relating to the insertion and removal of grommets (ventilation tubes). We have shown that 7.6 per cent of patients who have grommets inserted will have grommets removed.

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PITMAN, L. K. "Grommet". Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 113, nr 6 (1.06.1987): 669–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archotol.1987.01860060095026.

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Ponduri, Sirisha, Rebecca Bradley, Pamela E. Ellis, Sara T. Brookes, Jonathan R. Sandy i Andy R. Ness. "The Management of Otitis Media with Early Routine Insertion of Grommets in Children with Cleft Palate—A Systematic Review". Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 46, nr 1 (styczeń 2009): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/07-219.1.

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Objective: To determine whether early routine grommet insertion in children with cleft palate has a beneficial effect on hearing and speech and language development compared with conservative management. Design: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials, controlled clinical trials, case series, and prospective and historical cohort studies. Main Outcome Measures: The main outcome measure was the effect of early routine grommet placement on the degree of conductive hearing loss. Secondary outcome measures included differences in hearing level, possible side effects, speech and language development, and quality of life. Results: We identified 368 citations for review. From a review of the titles, 34 potentially relevant papers were selected. Of these, 18 studies met our inclusion criteria, including eight case series, six historical cohort studies, three prospective cohort studies, and one randomized trial. Most studies were either small or of poor quality or both. The results of the studies were contradictory, with some studies suggesting early placement of grommets was beneficial and others reporting there was no benefit. Conclusions: There is currently insufficient evidence on which to base the clinical practice of early routine grommet placement in children with cleft palate.

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Stangerup, S. E., S. Schwer, K. Pedersen, S. Brofeldt i M. Niebuhr. "Prevalence of eardrum pathology in a cohort born in 1955". Journal of Laryngology & Otology 109, nr 4 (kwiecień 1995): 281–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100129937.

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AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of the different types of eardrum pathology in a cohort of adults not previously treated by grommet insertion with corresponding findings obtained in a cohort previously treated with grommet insertion.A cohort born in 1955 were invited to a screening examination including otomicroscopy. In the untreated cohort, retraction of Shrapnell's membrane was found in four per cent of the ears compared to 20 per cent in the cohort treated with grommets. Tensa pathology, including atrophy and myringosclerosis, was found in six per cent of the ears in the untreated cohort and in 17 per cent in the treated cohort. Normal eardrums were found in 91 per cent of the ears. Despite the increased awareness of secretory otitis, as well as the increased rate of surgical treatment, the prevalence of eardrum pathology seems to be increasing. The reasons for this are discussed.

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Kavanagh, F. G., W. Hasan, D. A. Smyth i J. E. Fenton. "Polyps, grommets and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis". Journal of Laryngology & Otology 132, nr 3 (9.01.2018): 236–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215117002444.

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AbstractObjective:To explore the link between nasal polyposis, refractory otitis media with effusion and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis.Methods:A retrospective observational study was carried out of patients diagnosed with refractory otitis media with effusion necessitating grommet insertion and who had nasal polyps. Patients were evaluated to determine if they fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis.Results:Sixteen patients (10 males and 6 females) were identified. The mean age of grommet insertion was 45.4 years. The mean number of grommets inserted per patient was 1.6. The mean number of nasal polypectomies was 1.7. All 16 patients had paranasal sinus abnormalities and otitis media with effusion, 14 had asthma, 9 had serological eosinophilia and 7 had extravascular eosinophilia. Nine patients met the diagnostic criteria for eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis.Conclusion:The co-presence of nasal polyps and resistant otitis media with effusion should raise the possibility of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis.

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Tay, H. L., i R. P. Mills. "Tympanic membrane atelectasis in childhood otitis media with effusion". Journal of Laryngology & Otology 109, nr 6 (czerwiec 1995): 495–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100130555.

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AbstractA prospective study on the dynamics of tympanic membrane atelectasis during the treatment for glue ear was performed in a sample of 115 ears of 83 children aged between one and 11 years. The progression in the degree of pars tensa atelectasis was analysed in relation to six potentially relevant factors. Multivariate analysis showed that the factor with the most predictive value on the progression of the pars tensa retraction was the grade of atelectasis at initial detection (p<0.0001). The use of grommets did not have any significant influence on the outcome grade of atelectasis. There was an association between previous grommet insertion and localized retractions in the inferior segment of the pars tensa (P<0.0001). However, localized retractions in the postero-superior quadrant were not associated with previous grommet insertion (P<0.02). Although the hearing thresholds of atelectatic ears were significantly worse than normal ears especially at 4 kHz (p<0.006), the difference was less than 5 dB.

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Rimmer, J., C. E. B. Giddings i N. Weir. "History of myringotomy and grommets". Journal of Laryngology & Otology 121, nr 10 (11.06.2007): 911–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215107009176.

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The first recorded myringotomy was in 1649. Astley Cooper presented two papers to the Royal Society in 1801, based on his observation that myringotomy could improve hearing. Widespread inappropriate use of the procedure followed, with no benefit to patients; this led to it falling from favour for many decades. Hermann Schwartze reintroduced myringotomy later in the nineteenth century. It had been realised earlier that the tympanic membrane heals spontaneously, and much experimentation took place in attempting to keep the perforation open. The first described grommet was made of gold foil. Other materials were tried, including Politzer's attempts with rubber. Armstrong's vinyl tube effectively reintroduced grommets into current practice last century. There have been many eponymous variants, but the underlying principle of creating a perforation and maintaining it with a ventilation tube has remained unchanged. Recent studies have cast doubt over the long-term benefits of grommet insertion; is this the end of the third era?

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Rimmer, Joanne, Charles E. Giddings i Neil Weir. "The History of Myringotomy and Grommets". Ear, Nose & Throat Journal 99, nr 1_suppl (19.03.2020): 2S—7S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145561320914438.

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The first recorded myringotomy was in 1649. Astley Cooper presented 2 papers to the Royal Society in 1801, based on his observations that myringotomy could improve hearing. Widespread inappropriate use of the procedure followed, with no benefit to patients; this led to it falling from favor for many decades. Hermann Schwartze reintroduced myringotomy later in the 19th century. It had been realized earlier that the tympanic membrane heals spontaneously, and much experimentation took place in attempting to keep the perforation open. The first described grommet was made of gold foil. Other materials were tried, including Politzer’s attempts with rubber. Armstrong’s vinyl tube effectively reintroduced grommets into current practice last century. There have been many eponymous variants, but the underlying principle of creating a perforation and maintaining it with a ventilation tube has remained unchanged. Recent studies have cast doubt over the long-term benefits of grommet insertion; is this the end of the third era?

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Robinson, P. M. "Prognostic factors in otitis media with effusion". Journal of Laryngology & Otology 102, nr 11 (listopad 1988): 989–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002221510010708x.

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AbstractTo determine which factors were associated recurrence of ottitis media with effusion following grommet insertion, the casenotes of 323 who had a total of 485 operations for grommet insertion were reviewed. The incidence of repeat surgery was higher in those aged between four and six years, in those having grommet insertion between the months of July and October and in those cases in which the grommet was extruded within six months. Recurrence was not related to sex of patient, month of listing for surgery, adenoidectomy, tonsillectomy, length of time on the waiting list or past history of previous grommet insertion.

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Dingle, Ann F., L. M. Flood, B. U. Kumar i S. Hampal. "The mini-grommet and tympanosclerosis: results at two years". Journal of Laryngology & Otology 107, nr 2 (luty 1993): 108–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100122352.

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One hundred and sixteen children with otitis media with effusion (OME) underwent surgery with grommet insertion. A conventional Shah grommet was used in one ear, and a Mini-Shah grommet in the other. Final review of the subjects two years after surgery revealed a significantly lesser degree of tympanosclerosis in the ear into which the Mini-Shah grommet had been inserted. This benefit might have resulted from the lesser mass of the mini-tube or its shorter duration in situ.

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Kim, Young Shin, Yong Tae Kim i Euy Sik Jeon. "Optimization of Accelerator Mixing Ratio for EPDM Rubber Grommet to Improve Mountability Using Mixture Design". Applied Sciences 9, nr 13 (29.06.2019): 2640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9132640.

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A grommet, made of ethylene propylene diene methylene (EPDM) rubber, is an integral part used for fixing and protecting the wire inserted from the outside to the inside of vehicles. Rubber compounds exhibit various mechanical properties and vulcanization characteristics depending on the accelerator mixing ratio. These mechanical properties affect the insertion and detachment forces when the grommet is manufactured and fixed to the vehicle body. In this study, we experimentally analyzed the changes in the properties of EPDM rubber depending on the vulcanization accelerator to improve the mounting performance of the grommet, and subsequently derived the optimum accelerator mixing ratio. We implemented a mixture design strategy to derive the optimum mixing ratio for obtaining the desired mechanical properties and vulcanization characteristics. The insertion and separation forces of the existing grommet were compared with those of the grommet fabricated using the derived mixing ratio and we found that the mounting performance was improved compared to the existing grommet.

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Lu, ShuXuan, Jin Xu, HongYi Lu i WanLei Chi. "Balloon Eustachian Tuboplasty and Grommet Insertion: A Combined Surgical Treatment for Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media with Eustachian Tube Dysfunction". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2022 (26.08.2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9516029.

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Objectives. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Balloon Eustachian tuboplasty (BET) and grommet insertion in patients having chronic suppurative otitis media combined with eustachian tube dysfunction (CSOM-ETD). Methods. We evaluated the data of CSOM-ETD patients (n = 96) from January 2019 to January 2021, who were divided into the following groups: 48 cases underwent BET (BET group) and 48 cases underwent BET plus Grommet insertion (BET + Grommet group). The air-bone gap (ABG), Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire (ETDQ‐7) score, Eustachian tube inflammation scale, Chronic Otitis Media Outcome Test 15 (COMOT-15), Valsalva maneuver, and patient satisfaction were evaluated after surgery. Results. The postoperative ABG in the BET + Grommet group was better than that in the BET. In addition, the ABG was improved obviously in the BET + Grommet group at 6 and 12 months after the corresponding surgery. Moreover, the Eustachian tube inflammation scale, ETDQ-7, and COMOT-15 scores were reduced after the treatment with the combination of BET and Grommet insertion at 6 and 12 months. The postoperative ETDQ-7 score, Eustachian tube inflammation scale, and COMOT-15 score were lower in the BET + Grommet group than that in the BET group. The percentage of patients who could perform a positive Valsalva maneuver was significantly higher in the BET + Grommet group than that in the BET group at 6 months and 12 months after surgery with increased patient satisfaction. Conclusion. Our results demonstrate that BET plus Grommet insertion showed better treatment efficacy for patients with CSOM-ETD than BET alone via improving the Eustachian tube function hearing outcome and quality of life with less Eustachian tube inflammation.

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Rehman, Khaleeq-Ur, Neil Opie, Satyesh Parmar i Peter Jeynes. "The Oral Grommet". British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 46, nr 8 (grudzień 2008): 692–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjoms.2008.03.024.

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Deguine, Christian, i Jack L. Pulec. "Grommet Ventilation Myringostomy". Ear, Nose & Throat Journal 72, nr 5 (maj 1993): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014556139307200502.

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Leong, A. C., i D. A. Bowdler. "A simple method to prevent the obstruction of post-tympanoplasty ventilation tubes". Journal of Laryngology & Otology 127, nr 9 (20.08.2013): 922–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002221511300159x.

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AbstractThe simultaneous insertion of a ventilation tube or grommet during tympanoplasty is a well-recognised practice among otologists. It is used to reverse atelectasis and to repneumatise the middle ear. A troublesome problem which can occur is post-operative, intraluminal grommet obstruction by blood or viscous mucoid secretions. Routine post-operative use of eardrops may help prevent grommet obstruction but cannot be administered after tympanoplasty when the ear canal is packed with dressings for up to three weeks post-operatively. In this article, we describe a simple method to prevent post-tympanoplasty grommet obstruction.

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Kim, Young, Eui Hwang i Euy Jeon. "Optimization of Shape Design of Grommet through Analysis of Physical Properties of EPDM Materials". Applied Sciences 9, nr 1 (2.01.2019): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9010133.

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Ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) has superior mechanical properties, water resistance, heat resistance, and ozone resistance. It can be applied to various products owing to its low hardness and high slip resistance properties. A grommet is one of the various products made using EPDM rubber. It is a main component of automobiles, in which it protects wires throughout the inside and outside of a vehicle body. The grommet, made of EPDM, has different mounting performance depending on the process parameters and the shape of the grommet. This study conducted optimization to improve the mounting performance of a grommet using EPDM materials. The physical properties of the main molding materials were investigated according to process parameters. A grommet was fabricated according to the process parameters of fabrication. Insertion force and separation force were examined through experiments. Nonlinear material constants were determined through uniaxial and biaxial tensile tests. The nonlinear analysis of the grommet was conducted, and a compound design that incorporated the shape parameters for the minimum load of each part was derived. Then, additional nonlinear analysis was performed. This was followed by a comparative analysis of the actual model through experimental evaluation.

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Raju, AVK, S. Saxena i SS Mohapatra. "In situ grommet and fitness for flying". Indian Journal of Aerospace Medicine 64 (14.12.2020): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/ijasm_3_2020.

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Introduction: Current policies followed in the country do not permit aircrew to fly with in situ grommet. This paper discusses the aeromedical implications of in situ grommet, assessment of its flying fitness, and the factors which may be considered for possible reflighting of such cases. Case Details: A 19 year old civil pilot developed otitic barotrauma middle ear (right) which was managed with the placement of grommet in the tympanic membrane (TM). He was awarded fitness to fly on removal of grommet and after complete closure of the residual TM perforation. Another case, a 50 year old military pilot, a case of chronic suppurative otitis media (inactive) left ear, after uneventful recovery, was awarded flying medical category initially for in situ grommet and subsequently for single dry perforation TM in the left ear with an waiver from the competent medical authority. Discussion: Insertion of grommet, in cases with middle ear effusion and/or infection following Eustachian tube dysfunction, is a common practice to promote early recovery. However, as per the current policies in India, such aircrew are considered unfit for flying duty. Policies in other countries, military and civil, are mostly silent. This paper recommends the award of flying fitness for aircrew with in situ grommet provided that the clinical condition is stable, there are no complications and hearing is normal. This paper also discusses the award of flying fitness for aircrew with single and uncomplicated TM perforation with normal hearing for a specific type of aircraft.

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Saleem, Y., S. Ramachandran, L. Ramamurthy i N. J. Kay. "Role of otoacoustic emission in children with middle-ear effusion and grommets". Journal of Laryngology & Otology 121, nr 10 (10.04.2007): 943–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215107007347.

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Objective: To evaluate the role of otoacoustic emission in children with middle-ear effusion and grommets.Materials and methods: A prospective study was carried out on a total of 90 ears. All children listed for grommet insertion had a pre-operative and post-operative (three to six months after grommet insertion) pure tone audiometry, tympanometry and otoacoustic emission recorded. A comparison was made between pure tone audiometry and otoacoustic emission both pre-operatively and post-operatively.Results: Pre-operatively, 63 ears had an abnormal pure tone audiometry of which 59 had absent otoacoustic emission. Therefore the sensitivity of otoacoustic emission in detecting a conductive loss was 59/63 = 94 per cent (95 per cent confidence interval 85 to 98 per cent). All 27 ears with normal hearing pre-operatively had normal otoacoustic emission. The specificity of otoacoustic emission was 27/27 = 100 per cent, (95 per cent confidence interval, 88 to 100 per cent). The positive predictive value was 59/59 = 100 per cent (95 per cent confidence interval, 94 to 100 per cent). After three to six months all post-operative patients with grommets had a normal pure tone audiometry and otoacoustic emission. So both pure tone audiometry and otoacoustic emission were strongly related both in patients with middle-ear effusion and in patients with grommets.Conclusion: As the demonstration of hearing in young and difficult-to-test children can be problematic and time-consuming, we suggest that otoacoustic emission can be used as an alternative to pure tone audiometry in patients with middle-ear effusion and grommets.

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McLaren, O., E. C. Toll, R. Easto, E. Willis, S. Harris i J. Rainsbury. "Streamlining grommet pathways for otitis media with effusion and hearing loss in children: our experience". Journal of Laryngology & Otology 132, nr 10 (13.09.2018): 881–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215118001603.

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AbstractBackgroundGrommet insertion is a common surgical procedure in children. Long waiting times for grommet insertion are not unusual. This project aimed to streamline the process by introducing a pathway for audiologists to directly schedule children meeting National Institute for Health and Care Excellence Clinical Guideline 60 (‘CG60’) for grommet insertion.Method and resultsA period from June to November 2014 was retrospectively audited. Mean duration between the first audiology appointment and grommet insertion was 294.5 days (median = 310 days). Implementing the direct-listing pathway reduced the duration between first audiology appointment and grommet insertion (mean = 232 days; median = 231 days). There has been a reduction in the time between the first audiology appointment and surgery (mean difference of 62.5 days; p = 0.024), and a reduction in the time between second audiology appointment and surgery (28 days; p = 0.009).ConclusionDirect-listing pathways for grommet insertion can reduce waiting times and expedite surgery. Implementation involves a simple alteration of current practice, adhering to National Institute for Health and Care Excellence Clinical Guideline 60. The ultimate decision regarding surgery still rests with ENT specialists.

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Kanegaonkar, RG, A. Najuko-Mafemera, R. Hone i T. Tikka. "Menière’s disease treated by grommet insertion". Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 101, nr 8 (listopad 2019): 602–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/rcsann.2019.0099.

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Introduction Menière’s disease (MD) is an uncommon cause of sudden profound vertigo. A variety of medical and surgical treatments have been used to manage this condition. This study reviewed the outcomes of patients treated with grommet insertion and transtympanic steroid injection. Methods Patients diagnosed with MD between 2007 and 2017 were identified, and case notes and audiological data were retrieved for those managed by grommet (ventilation tube) insertion with and without transtympanic steroid injection. Results Thirty-three patients were identified as being diagnosed with MD. Grommet insertion resulted in cessation or improvement of attacks in 91% of cases. The mean follow-up duration was 33.8 months (median: 29 months). The mean hearing threshold across the low frequencies improved from 57.2dBHL to 49.4dBHL (p=0.031). Following the intervention, improved tinnitus was reported in 80% of cases. Twelve patients (36%) reported aural fullness prior to grommet insertion; all reported improved symptoms following the procedure. Conclusions Early grommet insertion with transtympanic steroid injection, combined with customised vestibular physiotherapy, may provide an alternative first-line strategy for MD, preventing further true MD attacks. In some patients, it may significantly improve hearing thresholds.

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Maung, Kyaw Htin, Nicholas D. Stafford i Thein Tun. "Do-It-Yourself Grommet". Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 145, nr 2_suppl (sierpień 2011): P207—P208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599811415823a240.

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BISSET, ANN F., i DAPHNE RUSSELL. "Sex and grommet operations". Clinical Otolaryngology 18, nr 5 (październik 1993): 430–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2273.1993.tb00608.x.

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Jia, Wei, i Basil Al‐Omari. "A versatile grommet trainer". Clinical Teacher 16, nr 1 (11.06.2018): 78–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tct.12805.

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Pulec, Jack L., i Christian Deguine. "Perforation after Grommet Insertion". Ear, Nose & Throat Journal 79, nr 1 (styczeń 2000): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014556130007900102.

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Jia, W., A. Addison i B. Al-Omari. "The Funky Grommet Trainer". International Journal of Surgery 47 (listopad 2017): S44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.08.233.

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Simpson, Brian. "Spigot, Grommet and Scrofula". Management Education and Development 18, nr 4 (grudzień 1987): 287–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135050768701800406.

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Duijvestein, M., i J. Borgstein. "The Bradford grommet trainer". Clinical Otolaryngology 31, nr 2 (kwiecień 2006): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-4486.2006.01148.x.

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Walker, T., S. Duvvi i B. N. Kumar. "The Wigan grommet trainer". Clinical Otolaryngology 31, nr 4 (sierpień 2006): 349–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-4486.2006.01268.x.

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Chiesa Estomba, C. M., J. M. Meléndez García, M. I. Hamdam Zavarce i F. A. Betances Reinoso. "The Vigo grommet trainer". European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases 132, nr 1 (luty 2015): 53–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anorl.2014.06.003.

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Raman, R., i O. Rahmat. "Grommet insertion using a branula". Journal of Laryngology & Otology 122, nr 7 (lipiec 2008): 735–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215108001928.

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AbstractObjective:To develop an easy method of performing myringotomy and grommet insertion, using minimal instruments.Methods:An ear speculum and a branula were used.Results:This method was found to be useful.Conclusion:An easy method of performing myringotomy and grommet insertion is proposed.

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Rajenderkumar, D., D. Bamiou i T. Sirimanna. "Management of hearing loss in Apert syndrome". Journal of Laryngology & Otology 119, nr 5 (maj 2005): 385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0022215053945714.

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Background: Apert syndrome is one of the craniosynostosis syndromes, with abirth prevalence estimated to be between 9.9 and 15.5/million, and accounts for 4.5 per cent ofcraniosynostoses. Although conductive hearing loss is common in Apert syndrome there are contradicting reports regarding the cause of this hearing loss. There is also no detailed informationavailable on the management of hearing loss in Apert syndrome.Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis of case notes of Apert syndrome patients seen between 1970 and 2003 at Great Ormond Street Children’s Hospital, London, was undertaken.Results: Seventy case notes were obtained. The incidence of congenital hearing impairment was between 3 and 6 per cent. Almost all patients had otitis media with effusion (glue ear), which tended to persist into adult life. More than 56 per cent of cases developed permanent conductive hearing loss by 10–20 years. Repeated grommet insertion was common; even though 35 per cent had trouble with ear discharge and persistent conductive hearing loss. Statistically, grommets made no difference to the risk of developing permanent hearing loss.Conclusion:This study, of the largest number of Apert syndrome cases assembled to date, showed that early optimization of hearing with possible hearing aids needs to be considered. Repeated grommet insertion does not help in optimizing hearing, especially if ear discharge complicates the picture.

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Levinson, Stephen R., i Alan J. Gill. "Middle Ear Semipermeable Membrane Tubes for Prolonged Retention". Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 94, nr 4 (kwiecień 1986): 438–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459988609400406.

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Our 1981 prospective study confirmed the success of semipermeable membrane tubes in ventilation of middle ears, while protecting them from moisture when the patients bathed or swam. That study employed modem membrane tubes, with membrane-pore size 2.5 to 5 times greater than tubes used in early studies with less favorable outcomes. Currently, 21 patients with effusion had placement of a Donaldson design (Xomed, Inc., Jacksonville, Fla.) membrane tube in one ear and the new T-grommet membrane tube in the second ear. The T-grommet membrane tube is found to outlast the Donaldson design tube significantly. We recommend Donaldson membrane tubes for patients having tubes placed for the first time. For subsequent procedures, we employ T-grommet membrane tubes. We also use the T-grommet membrane tube for adults with chronic eustachian tube problems. Both tubes continue to show a low Incidence of complications and draw highest praise from patients for their water-resistant capabilities.

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Shin, Dong-Seok, Euy-Sik Jeon i Young-Shin Kim. "Numerical Estimation of Bonding Force of EPDM Grommet Parts with Hollow Shaft Geometry". Applied Sciences 10, nr 9 (1.05.2020): 3169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10093169.

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A grommet is a representative component that fixes the position of a cable. It is made from hyper-elastic materials (rubber), such as ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM). The grommet and cable are conventionally fixed through bonding; however, this method has numerous disadvantages that can be improved through relevant research. To apply a fixing method using the elastic force of EPDM rubber, this paper presents an empirical equation for approximating the bonding force of EPDM grommet parts with a hollow shaft geometry. First, tensile tests and the inverse method were used to approximate the basic mechanical properties. The physical properties were derived through basic tests; furthermore, bonding force tests and the inverse method were used on a grommet with a hollow shaft structure. In addition, the Box–Behnken design of experiments was used to predict the amount of change in the bonding force according to the geometry variables. Finally, this study was validated by comparing the approximation results derived through the design of experiments with the analysis and bonding force test results.

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Aluko, AbdulAkeem Adebayo. "Use of Phenol as a Local Anaesthetic for Adult Grommet Insertion in Resource-Limited Settings: A Preliminary Report". International Journal of Otolaryngology 2019 (1.08.2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2893418.

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Background. Grommet insertion is one of the most commonly performed minor surgical procedures in otolaryngological practice. For such minor procedures in the outpatient, local anaesthetics are preferred; this is even more so in adults especially for grommet insertion. This study described our experience with the use of phenol as a local anaesthetic agent for grommet insertion in adults. Methods. Phenol was used as a local anaesthetic agent that was applied topically for grommet insertion in adult patients as outpatient procedures between January and September 2018 in two tertiary hospitals. Data collected were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS IBM) version 23.0 computer software. Results. Nineteen ear drums were operated in patients aged between 20 and 52 years. No pain or discomfort was reported by 89.5% and 94.7% had no bleeding. There was no vertigo in all the cases that completed the procedures. Conclusion. This preliminary result shows that the use of phenol as a topical local anesthetic is simple, safe, and effective especially in resource-limited environments.

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Ruckley, R. W., i R. L. Blair. "Thermal myringotomy". Journal of Laryngology & Otology 102, nr 2 (luty 1988): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100104293.

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AbstractThirty-six children with bilateral secretory otitis media were treated by thermal myringotomy and middle ear aspiration in one ear, and conventional myringotomy, middle ear aspiration and Shepard grommet insertion in the other ear. All children underwent adenoidectomy. Comparing the effectiveness of the two different procedures over a three-month review period, our main findings are as follows. All thermal perforations were closed by 42 days. Elimination of middle ear fluid was achieved in 81 per cent of the thermal myringotomy group, and in 100 per cent of the grommet group. While there was no significant difference in the hearing improvement between the procedures, conventional myringotomy and grommet insertion provided significantly better sustained middle ear ventilation.

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