Artykuły w czasopismach: „Great Britain Work providing”

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Palekha, O. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FUTURE FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHERS’ INDEPENDENT LEARNING ORGANIZATION IN UKRAINE AND GREAT BRITAIN". Ukrainian professional education, nr 12 (29.12.2022): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2519-8254.2022.12.279052.

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The article provides a comparative analysis of the experience of organizing independent extracurricular work of future foreign language teachers in higher education institutions of Ukraine and Great Britain. The analysis of educational and methodological support of the disciplines of the cycle of professional training of foreign language teachers of domestic higher education institutions gives reasons to assert that independent extracurricular work has a significant share in relation to classroom educational activities of students. There is a tendency to increase the hours of independent extracurricular work.Independent extracurricular work of future foreign language teachers in domestic higher education institutions, unlike British ones, has only a practical focus and is aimed at the formation of foreign language competence of future teachers. It was determined that in the organization of independent extracurricular work, Ukrainian scientists and practitioners adhere to didactic (individualization activities, a combination of individual, paired and group forms of the specified work, creativity, visuality) and methodical (autonomy, communicativeness, interconnected learning of speech activities and aspects of language, interrelated learning of language and culture, the dominant role of exercises, the authenticity of educational materials) principles.It was found out that Great Britain has developed quite a powerful experience of organizing independent extracurricular work of future foreign language teachers. Some features in this field are common to both countries, but in higher education institutions of Great Britain there is a much greater amount of work related to the formation of student independence, capable of consciously and responsibly performing various tasks outside the classroom. Changing the authoritarian model of professional education, characteristic of Soviet times, to a person-oriented one involves the maximum individualization of independent extracurricular work of future foreign language teachers, the creation of conditions for self-development and self-improvement, meaningful and independent determination of one's own educational needs, one's capabilities, and individual educational goals. In this aspect, work in higher educational institutions of Ukraine has begun and needs further improvement. In the higher educational institutions of Great Britain, a modern model of higher education has already been created, designed to provide the student with systematized, solid and at the same time operational knowledge, capable of providing conditions that contribute to the realization of a necessary and urgent requirement: to teach the student to learn independently. These processes have a certain tradition and are actively implemented.

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Lagneau-Ymonet, Paul, i Bénédicte Reynaud. "The making of a category of economic understanding in Great Britain (1880–1931): ‘the unemployed’". Cambridge Journal of Economics 44, nr 6 (13.07.2020): 1181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cje/beaa018.

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Abstract Evidence-based policy relies on measurement to trigger actions and to manage and evaluate programmes. Yet measurement requires classification: the making of categories of understanding that approximate or represent collective phenomena. In 1931, two decades after implementing the first compulsory unemployment benefits in 1911, the British Government began to carry out a census of out-of-work individuals. Why such an inversion, at odds with the exercise of rational-legal authority, and unlike to its French or German counterparts? To solve this puzzle, we document the making of ‘the unemployed’ as a category of scientific analysis and of public policy in nineteenth-century Great Britain. Our circumscribed contribution to the history of economic thought and methodology informs today’s controversies on the future of work, the weakening of wage labour through the rise in the number of part-time contracts and self-employed workers, as well as the rivalry between the welfare state and private charities with regard to providing impoverished people with some kind of relief.

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Androshchuk, Iryna, i Ihor Androshchuk. "Specificity of Students’ Technological Training in Finland and Great Britain". Comparative Professional Pedagogy 8, nr 3 (1.09.2018): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rpp-2018-0036.

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Abstract The specificity of students’ technological training in Finland and Great Britain has been considered. It has been found that the state policy of foreign countries is aimed at providing students with professional knowledge, work skills and combining comprehensive and professional training. Specific attention has been paid to the subjects and courses in foreign countries, which are equivalent to the course on technological training. It has been indicated that establishing connections between school, industry and production is one of the important conditions for improving technological training. The specificity of students’ technological training in Finnish schools at different levels of education has been characterized. Indeed, the level of education defines the character of technological operations differentiation based on the materials of manufactured products; gradual introduction of professional and polytechnical optional and specialized courses, whose volume corresponds to regional conditions; organization of visits to production, agricultural and forestry enterprises; active participation of students in professional production, which contributes to acquiring practical experience in the chosen production area. It has been revealed that Finnish schools pay particular attention to the importance of proper facilities and resources and fully equipped workshops, namely joiner’s shops, locksmith shops, tailor’s shops, fully equipped teaching kitchens and canteens. It has been revealed that technological training of students in Great Britain is characterized by their active involvement into field experience; establishment of mini-enterprises based on comprehensive schools; centralization in solving the main objectives in the field of students’ technological training. It has been stated that the mini-enterprises in schools contribute to strengthening the relations between school and the labour market. The common form of students’ technological training is industrial placement and the main method is project-based learning.

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Marshall, Simone Celine. "The 1807 edition of The Book of the Duchess". Textual Cultures 10, nr 1 (20.12.2016): 56–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/13137.

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The 124-volume edition of The Poets of Great Britain, containing The Poetical Works of Geoffrey Chaucer, came into being when, in 1807, a group of thirty-three London booksellers began publication of a work that claims, from its title page, to be a reprint of John Bell’s 1782 series The Poets of Great Britain. The reality, however, is somewhat different. In fact the works of Chaucer have been markedly revised and re-edited, a feature that until now had not been noted by scholars.The following article is a textual analysis of some of the most striking features to have emerged from an analysis of the 1807 edition of The Book of the Duchess, as compared with its predecessors. The Book of the Duchess has been chosen as a sample text for this consideration, primarily because it is of sufficient scope to offer, on the one hand, a substantial enough sample from which to draw conclusions, and, on the other hand, limited enough to be manageable. In addition to these particular reasons, The Book of the Duchess is a poem the authority of which has never been questioned, and thus it has appeared in every printed edition of the works of Chaucer, providing this study with extensive points for comparison.

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Marques, Iuri, Sarah Caroline Willis, Ellen Ingrid Schafheutle i Karen Hassell. "Development of an instrument to measure organisational culture in community pharmacies in Great Britain". Journal of Health Organization and Management 32, nr 2 (9.04.2018): 176–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhom-06-2017-0131.

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Purpose Organisational culture (OC) shapes individuals’ perceptions and experiences of work. However, no instrument capable of measuring specific aspects of OC in community pharmacy exists. The purpose of this paper is to report the development and validation of an instrument to measure OC in community pharmacy in Great Britain (GB), and conduct a preliminary analysis of data collected using it. Design/methodology/approach Instrument development comprised three stages: Stage I: 12 qualitative interviews and relevant literature informed instrument design; Stage II: 30 cognitive interviews assessed content validity; and Stage III: a cross-sectional survey mailed to 1,000 community pharmacists in GB, with factor analysis for instrument validation. Statistical analysis investigated how community pharmacists perceived OC in their place of work. Findings Factor analysis produced an instrument containing 60 items across five OC dimensions – business and work configuration, social relationships, personal and professional development, skills utilisation, and environment and structures. Internal reliability for the dimensions was high (0.84 to 0.95); item-total correlations were adequate (r=0.46 to r=0.76). Based on 209 responses, analysis suggests different OCs in community pharmacy, with some community pharmacists viewing the environment in which they worked as having a higher frequency of aspects related to patient contact and safety than others. Since these aspects are important for providing high healthcare standards, it is likely that differences in OC may be linked to different healthcare outcomes. Originality/value This newly developed and validated instrument to measure OC in community pharmacy can be used to benchmark existing OC across different pharmacies and design interventions for triggering change to improve outcomes for community pharmacists and patients.

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Hwang, C. Philip. "Scandinavian Experience in Providing Alternative Care". Pediatrics 91, nr 1 (1.01.1993): 264–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.91.1.264.

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What are Swedes like? Recently, this question received a great deal of attention in the Swedish media, because of an article published in the Daily Mail by an English journalist, Geoffrey Levy. He described Swedes as being lazy, sick, and totally unable to enjoy anything nice in life. In addition, Swedish cars are wrecks, Swedes dress sloppily, and, if you do not want to work, you do not need to—but you are still fully paid. Finally, he described family policy in Sweden: "Just imagine a country where mothers as well as fathers can stay at home 12 months, with almost full pay after a baby is born, or a country where the state pays almost 6000 pounds for every child that goes to a day-care center—this would be totally impossible in Britain." How did the Swedish public react to Geoffrey Levy's article? Surprisingly, most people agreed with his description of the Swedes. Yes, we are lazy, too many people are sick, and we are unable to enjoy the good things in life. There was only one major issue where most people disagreed with Geoffrey Levy. Very few were negative about family policy in Sweden. On the contrary, most people took parental leave, the possibility of staying at home with a sick child, and publicly funded day care for granted. In the first part of this presentation, I will describe family policy in Sweden and, in particular, how the society supports and provides care for children under school age (which in Sweden starts at 6-7).

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UNGURU, Elena, i Antonio SANDU. "Normative and Institutional Frameworks for the Functioning of Supervision in Social Work". Revista Romaneasca pentru Educatie Multidimensionala 10, nr 2 (4.07.2018): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/rrem/47.

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Supervision is understood as a professional, formative, administrative and managerial practice provided by an experimented professional to a professional in the same field, with the purpose of transfering knowledge and training specific competences, useful in his practice with the purpose of providing as qualitative as possible services to its own beneficiaries. The article reviews a series of normative frameworks based on which the process of supervision of social services in countries such as Singapore, New Zeeland, Australia, Canada, USA, Great Britain and Romania. By comparatively analyzing these frameworks, we noticed that generally, there are two models formulated – the first one which regards the supervisor as a professional with experiece in social work, and the other model sees supervision as a distinct profession with transdisciplinary nature, but with access limited by the need for an initial training and previous experience in the field of social work. We notice that, in general, the national frameworks identify three functions of supervision: administrative, formative and managerial, and place a special emphasis on the role of the supervisor as trainer in the field of professional ethics.

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Tkachuk, T. "The United States Position on the Military Assistance to Great Britain at the Beginning of the World War II (1939 – 1941)". Problems of World History, nr 17 (27.01.2022): 110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2022-17-5.

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The article examines the problem of relations between the two leading countries of the world – Great Britain and the United States, which had a significant impact on the international political situation in the world in 1939–1941, and still have nowadays. As a vector of research, the author used the factor of American military aid to the British governments of N. Chamberlain and W. Churchill to fight against Nazi Germany. According to this, the author aimed to conduct a comprehensive analysis and his own assessment of the United States’ position on providing Britain with the necessary weapons and ammunition at the beginning of World War II. During the research the author used a comparative-historical method to analyze various factors influencing the US position on military assistance to London, a problem-chronological method to present the material in chronological order, and a statistical – to analyze the attitude of ordinary Americans on important decisions of the Roosevelt administration. That allowed the author to analyze and rethink the evolution of the United States’ position on Britain in the problem of providing military aid regarding the current geopolitical situation. The author works out that under the necessity of supporting London with various types of weapons, armament and ammunition to fight against Hitler’s regime the United States significantly changed the principles of its foreign policy – from “isolationism” in 1939 to its cancellation in the late 1941. At the same time, according to the author, this process was caused by a number of factors, including both the “isolationist” opposition in Congress and the Roosevelt administration’s gradual understanding of the Nazi regime threat to the security of the United States.

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Taylor, Kieran D. "The relief of Belgian refugees in the archdiocese of Glasgow during the First World War: ‘A Crusade of Christianity’". Innes Review 69, nr 2 (listopad 2018): 147–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/inr.2018.0173.

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The relief of Belgian refugees in Britain is an emerging area of study in the history of the First World War. About 250,000 Belgian refugees came to Great Britain, and at least 19,000 refugees came to Scotland, with the majority hosted in Glasgow. While relief efforts in Scotland were co-ordinated and led by the Glasgow Corporation, the Catholic Church also played a significant role in the day-to-day lives of refugees who lived in the city. This article examines the Archdiocese of Glasgow's assistance of Belgian refugees during the war. It considers first the Catholic Church's stance towards the War and the relief of Belgian refugees. The article then outlines the important role the Church played in providing accommodation, education and religious ministry to Belgian refugees in Glasgow. It does this by tracing the work of the clergy and by examining popular opinion in Catholic media. The article establishes that the Church and the Catholic community regarded the relief and reception of Belgian refugees as an act of religious solidarity.

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Drach, Iryna. "Philosophical analysis of the practice of research governance in the universities of the Great Britain". International Scientific Journal of Universities and Leadership, nr 2(6) (30.12.2018): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31874/2520-6702-2018-6-2-45-57.

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One of the challenges faced by the domestic universities is to increase their competitiveness in the European and global space of higher education. In view of the fact that the results of scientific work are a key indicator for the entry of universities into the world rankings, the urgent task in the system of higher education in Ukraine is to create conditions for high-quality research in universities. The solution of the problem of improving the quality of research in domestic universities is actualizing the problem of developing and using new research management mechanisms, which includes, inter alia, an analysis of the best practices of leading European and world universities. Taking into consideration the sustained leadership of the UK universities in the European and world higher education spaces, it is worth noticing an analysis of the country's experience in implementing research governance in universities, in particular, the analysis of key documents used by universities for effective research management. The purpose of the article is to analyze the experience of research governance in universities in the UK for the implementation of best practices in the higher education system of Ukraine. To achieve the goal, methods of analyzing, synthesizing, comparing, systematizing scientific and Internet sources, which enabled them to consider key documents for the implementation of research governance in universities in the UK, were used. The application of the generalization method made it possible to draw conclusions about the results of the study. The article substantiates the relevance of the analysis of Britain's experience in providing research governance conditions conducive to perfect research. The key documents of the European and national levels used in the development of the University Research Framework Frameworks have been analyzed, and their main points are outlined: criteria for assessing the excellence of research, the principles and standards of research, and the requirements for researchers at the universities.

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Wood, Claire M., Simon M. Smart, Robert G. H. Bunce, Lisa R. Norton, Lindsay C. Maskell, David C. Howard, W. Andrew Scott i Peter A. Henrys. "Long-term vegetation monitoring in Great Britain – the Countryside Survey 1978–2007 and beyond". Earth System Science Data 9, nr 2 (20.07.2017): 445–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-445-2017.

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Abstract. The Countryside Survey (CS) of Great Britain provides a globally unique series of datasets, consisting of an extensive set of repeated ecological measurements at a national scale, covering a time span of 29 years. CS was first undertaken in 1978 to monitor ecological and land use change in Britain using standardised procedures for recording ecological data from representative 1 km squares throughout the country. The same sites, with some additional squares, were used for subsequent surveys of vegetation undertaken in 1990, 1998 and 2007, with the intention of future surveys. Other data records include soils, freshwater habitats and invertebrates, and land cover and landscape feature diversity and extents. These data have been recorded in the same locations on analogous dates. However, the present paper describes only the details of the vegetation surveys. The survey design is a series of gridded, stratified, randomly selected 1 km squares taken as representative of classes derived from a statistical environmental classification of Britain. In the 1978 survey, 256 one-kilometre sample squares were recorded, increasing to 506 in 1990, 569 in 1998 and 591 in 2007. Initially each square contained up to 11 dispersed vegetation plots but additional plots were later placed in different features so that eventually up to 36 additional sampling plots were recorded, all of which can be relocated where possible (unless the plot has been lost, for example as a consequence of building work), providing a total of 16 992 plots by 2007. Plots are estimated to have a precise relocation accuracy of 85 %. A range of plots located in different land cover types and landscape features (for example, field boundaries) are included. Although a range of analyses have already been carried out, with changes in the vegetation being related to a range of drivers at local and national scales, there is major potential for further analyses, for example in relation to climate change. Although the precise locations of the plots are restricted, largely for reasons of landowner confidentiality, sample sites are intended to be representative of larger areas, and many potential opportunities for further analyses remain. Data from each of the survey years (1978, 1990, 1998, 2007) are available via the following DOIs: Countryside Survey 1978 vegetation plot data (https://doi.org/10.5285/67bbfabb-d981-4ced-b7e7-225205de9c96), Countryside Survey 1990 vegetation plot data (https://doi.org/10.5285/26e79792-5ffc-4116-9ac7-72193dd7f191), Countryside Survey 1998 vegetation plot data (https://doi.org/10.5285/07896bb2-7078-468c-b56d-fb8b41d47065), Countryside Survey 2007 vegetation plot data (https://doi.org/10.5285/57f97915-8ff1-473b-8c77-2564cbd747bc).

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Stillwell, John, i Oliver Duke-Williams. "A New Web-Based Interface to British Census of Population Origin–Destination Statistics". Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 35, nr 1 (styczeń 2003): 113–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a35155.

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Population censuses are among the primary sources of information on directional flows of migrants between places of usual residence, and of commuters between places of dwelling and work in Great Britain. The use of census origin–destination counts has in the past been restricted by data complexities and the lack of user accessibility. In order to improve accessibility a new, web-based interface has been developed which is the core of a Census Interaction Data Service, launched in 2002. The authors explain the Web-based Interface to Census Interaction Data from a user perspective, focusing on various features of the system that enable queries to be constructed and subsets of flow data to be extracted and downloaded in a quick and easy manner. Examples are provided to demonstrate alternative types of query and to illustrate the value of these data sets in providing insights into interaction behaviour.

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Bliznyuk, M., i O. Debre. "MODERN TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION IN THE DEVELOPED EUROPEAN COUNTRIES". Ukrainian professional education, nr 8 (25.11.2020): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2519-8254.2020.8.239452.

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The article analyses the state of technology education integration in economically developed foreign countries in accordance with today’s requirements. The world’s leading trends in the context of providing comprehensive, equitable, and quality technology education as one of the leading goals of sustainable development, approved by the United Nations, are considered. The structure of technology education in Germany and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is described; features of technology education integration in France are considered. The importance of technological literacy and technological competence for the development of modern education, in general, is substantiated. The experience of such economically developed countries as Germany, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, France, and others shows that professional training for work in various fields is carried out today with the help of various educational disciplines. The content of these disciplines is a synthesis of new knowledge about nature, technology, and human activity in all spheres of life. Different terms of technology education are considered as synonyms of one universal goal of labour training by the world scientific and pedagogical community. It is the formation of students’ technological literacy through the development of knowledge and understanding of technology, developing technical skills, and understanding the links between technology and society. The main purpose of primary pupils’ technology education in these countries is the formation of technological literacy and technological competence. A characteristic trend of the studied countries is that the previously existing labor training in school, based only on the study of materials, tools, and technological processes of materials processing, is considered insufficient and outdated. Thus, the educational process in economically developed countries means primarily students who study changes in technology, and knowledge in this area should be flexible and provide a wide range of applications. Specific emphasis in the curriculum is made on practical activities, which include the following methods: work with means of labour; design product research; excursions and observations; project development; practical assessment; and history of technology development.

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KARPENKO, Lidiia. "DEVELOPMENT OF THE FINANCIAL MECHANISM FOR PROVIDING THE STATE GUARANTEES OF POPULATION MEDICAL SERVICE: FOREIGN PRACTICE". Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University 302, nr 1 (styczeń 2022): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2022-302-1-48.

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Scientific research consists of substantiation and development of conceptual foundations and recommendations for the development of a financial mechanism for providing state guarantees of medical care to the population based on foreign practice. The paper substantiates the relevance of building an effective financial mechanism for ensuring state guarantees of medical care for the population for the Ukrainian medical sphere is: the need to reform the healthcare system in Ukraine; changing the paradigm of financing the medical industry; financing of the medical industry is experiencing critical problems; catastrophic situation in ensuring the provision of specialized and highly specialized inpatient care; imperfection of mechanisms for ensuring financing of the health care system of Ukraine. In this work, the author examines in detail the features of the three main models of healthcare at the global level, classifies the healthcare systems of leading countries according to three main models, systematizes in tabular form the practice of six countries – Israel, Sweden, France, the USA, Great Britain Germany, in which these models received the most bright embodiment. The aim of the work consist of studding the general principles of financing models and organization of the health care system in the coordinates of globalization changes and European integration; analysis and characterization of the financial mechanism that provides state guarantees in the field of medical care Applied aspects are based on the systematization of the instrumental base for modelling the financial mechanism for providing state guarantees of medical care to the population, taking into account foreign experience. In the work, the author analyzed the calculations of the ratio of costs and indicators of the effectiveness of the health care system in 2020, the analytical dependence of average life expectancy on per capita expenditures in the health sector, % of GDP. The analysis carried out on the selected research issues provides a conceptual basis for the formation of an effective financial mechanism for budget policy in Ukraine to ensure state guarantees of medical care for the population; forms a platform for the development of macroeconomic stabilization policy. The prospects for further research are the improvement of the issues of the mechanism for the effective functioning of the public sector and the implementation of integrated management analysis.

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Benera, Valentyna, i Tsisaruk. "PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF FUTURE TEACHERS OF EMPLOYMENT EDUCATION AND TECHNOLOGIES IN HIGHER EDUCATION ABROAD". Scientific bulletin of KRHPA, nr 12 (2020): 56–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.37835/2410-2075-2020-12-7.

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Foreign experience of problem of professional development of future specialists is examined in the article, professional preparation of future teachers of labor studies and technologies is analyzed in particular. A study of scientific materials is undertaken in relation to experience of professional development of future teachers of technologies in countries, that is distinguished by the high level of pedagogical education, - to the USA, Great Britain and Poland. Exactly these countries on the draught of many years demonstrate the high indexes of quality education in relation to professional preparation of future teachers and them professional development in further pedagogical activity. The special attention is deserved by schools of professional development of teachers of technologies in the USA, that not only prepare future teachers but also care of professional development of practical teachers-workers, increase of level of their pedagogical activity. Also, it is marked in the article, that at higher school of Great Britain there is support of the state from development of technology, that shows up in providing of standards and software with the aim of realization of competence approach and professional self-development of future teachers and teachers that work. Different vector of forms of organization of educational process at higher school of Great Britain assist a free choice the student of certain form of studies or their combination, to academic mobility with taking into account of his inclinations and making and professional increase of the future specialist. On the basis of analysis of professional preparation at higher school of Poland investigational, that professional development of future specialist comes true through at level to the licentiate and master's degree studios and provided by configuration of approach of the systems from introduction of the Polish system of vocational orientation on studies on speciality to realization of practical preparation with introduction of the modern practice-oriented forms and methods of studies in the conditions of application of interactive technologies in the subject-subject interaction with the teacher of higher school and orientation on self-realization, achievement of success on the stage professional preparation and further professional to development. The results of logical-systemic analysis of scientifically-pedagogical literature in relation to professional development of future teachers of technologies in foreign countries allow to assert that scientists show the increase personal interest the problem of preparation of teachers in other countries. Keywords: professional development, future teacher of labor studies and technologies, specialist, professional preparation, foreign experience

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Voicu, Mălina, Alexandra Deliu, Simona Stănescu i Elena Spiridon. "Repatrierea forței de muncă în contextul pandemiei COVID-19". Sociologie Romaneasca 20, nr 2 (15.12.2022): 76–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.33788/sr.20.2.4.

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This article aims at providing information about Romanian emigrants in terms of destinations and integration on the labour market at the destination and, at the same time, at tackling with the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mobility and eventual return of Romanian emigrants. For these explorations, we use quantitative data from various sources. The Repatriation of the Work Force is a research conducted in 2020, in which the local authorities from 3,181 administrative units in Romania were contacted and asked a series of questions regarding, among other topics, migration from and return migration to their locality. 742 answers were obtained, which were complemented with statistical information from Eurostat – Romanian citizens residing abroad, and the Romanian Border Police – traffic in an out Romanian borders since the beginning of the pandemic, compared to similar periods in 2019. The data provides an image of Romanian migrants abroad that is in line with what previous studies show, in terms of favourite destinations (Italy, Spain, Germany, Great Britain) and occupations at the destination (constructions, agriculture, housekeeping). Data from the Romanian Border Police show that return to Romania had some spikes in 2020, and suggests circularity and complex mobility trajectories.

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Coleman, Barbara J. "European Models of Long-Term Care in the Home and Community". International Journal of Health Services 25, nr 3 (lipiec 1995): 455–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/fyp6-dlwy-wkkt-6nnj.

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In the 1980s, faced with a rapidly increasing elderly population and soaring costs of health and long-term care services, many European governments began to reexamine fiscal policies that often encouraged institutionalization of frail and dependent elders. A number of these countries have now turned to new models of home and community-based care. This report describes home care policies that serve the needs of frail elders in Sweden, Denmark, the Netherlands, and Great Britain, with special attention to experimental projects that have tested varying approaches for providing high quality, low-cost care in the home and in the community. The central governments in these countries have developed long-term care systems that improve quality of care, ensure more efficient delivery of services, and control or lower costs. They have (1) discouraged the building of additional nursing homes and instead supported the development and expansion of a range of housing alternatives; (2) shifted greater responsibility to local governments for delivering long-term care services, bringing those services closer to those who need them; (3) developed care management techniques that enable care providers to better target appropriate services to each elderly client; and (4) provided incentives for different types of care providers to coordinate their work, resulting in improved service delivery and greater client satisfaction.

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Batyuk, V. I. "Towards a Bipolar World. Book Review of ‘The Second World War and the Transformation of International Relations: From Multipolarity to a Bipolar World’ edited by L.S. Belousov and A.S. Manykin". Moscow University Bulletin of World Politics 12, nr 4 (20.12.2020): 228–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.48015/2076-7404-2020-12-4-228-234.

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In 2020 the whole world commemorated the 75th anniversary of the end of World War II — the most horrifi c war in the human history. However, the celebration of the victory over fascism was overshadowed by the growing tension among the leading actors of contemporary international relations. In this context, a high level of responsibility falls on the academic community to rebuff politically motivated attempts to rewrite history and revise the outcomes of this war. The book under review could make an important contribution to that end. The book provides a comprehensive and balanced analysis of the history of World War II. The reviewer emphasizes that rather than providing a detailed examination of military operations the authors focused on their impact on the development of the international relations system. In particular, the book provides a detailed picture of the complex interactions within the strategic triangle — the Soviet Union, the United States, and Great Britain — both during the war and in the years after the war. As a result, the book under review not only provides an opportunity to better understand the key trends in relationships between the Great Powers during the war, but also sheds new light on the origins of the bipolar system and the beginning of the Cold War. The reviewer concludes that, despite sometimes excessively Eurocentric approach of the authors, this book is a seminal work on the history of World War II and a major event for the Russian academic community. As such, this book can be recommended to both professional historians and a wider audience.

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Bellini, Maria Irene, Yitka Graham, Catherine Hayes, Roxanna Zakeri, Rowan Parks i Vassilios Papalois. "A woman’s place is in theatre: women’s perceptions and experiences of working in surgery from the Association of Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland women in surgery working group". BMJ Open 9, nr 1 (styczeń 2019): e024349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024349.

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ObjectiveSurgery remains an inherently male-dominated profession. The aim of this study was to survey women working within the discipline, to understand their current perceptions, providing insight into their practical day-to-day lives, supporting an action-oriented change.Design and settingThe link to a confidential, online survey was distributed through the Association of Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland (ASGBI) social media platforms on Facebook and Twitter over a 2-week period in October 2017.ParticipantsWomen working in surgical specialties and actively responding to the link shared through the ASGBI social media platforms. No patients were involved in the study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresData were analysed through a mixed-methods approach. The quantitative data were analysed through descriptive statistics and qualitative analysis was undertaken using a constant comparative analysis of the participants’ comments, to identify salient patterns (themes).ResultsA total of 81 female participants replied (42% response rate based on the Facebook group members), with 88% (n=71) perceiving surgery as a male-dominated field. Over half had experienced discrimination (59%, n=47), while 22% (n=18) perceived a ‘glass ceiling’ in surgical training. Orthopaedics was reported as the most sexist surgical specialty by 53% (n=43). Accounts of gendered language in the workplace were reported by 59% (n=47), with 32% (n=25) of surveys participants having used it. Overall, a lack of formal mentorship, inflexibility towards part-time careers, gender stereotypes and poor work–life balance were the main perceived barriers for women in surgical careers.ConclusionThese findings highlight the implicit nature of the perceived discrimination that women report in their surgical careers. The ASGBI acknowledges these perceptual issues and relative implications as the first of many steps to create an action-oriented change by allowing all staff, regardless of gender, to reflect on their own behaviour, perceptions and the culture in which they work.

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Kosman, Marceli. "Droga na Downing Street. Uwagi nad karierę polityczną Margaret Thatcher". Przegląd Politologiczny, nr 2 (2.11.2018): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pp.2012.17.2.6.

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The road of Margaret Thatcher (born in 1925) to her political career and winning the tell- ing nickname of the ‘Iron Lady’ has commonly been described as exceptional in the recent history of the Old Continent. The first woman to head a great European democracy, she served as Prime Minister three times, winning general elections and heading the government of Great Britain for eleven years (1979-1990). This was a record-breaking result in the history of the UK, which she managed, surrounded by a team of consummate coworkers whom she clearly dominated. Thatcher is included in a small circle of the most outstanding statespeople in her country, in particular compared to Winston Churchill. Despite not having aristocratic origins, she won the highest office in the government of Her Majesty Elizabeth II thanks to her talent, diligent work, ambition, and experience gath- ered in the positions she successively held. Her career in the Conservative Party lasted many years. Her vision of transformations in the political system of the state was based on her own experience and the advice of devoted workers, who she selected using her intuition. Her hus- band, Denis Thatcher, played an important role by her side, yet he always remained in the background, providing support and playing the role of a reasonable private advisor. The author emphasizes the high political culture of Margaret Thatcher and her circle, and he also underlines Polish elements in her policy. He pays a lot of attention to her excellent memoires as a source for politological studies, and to a review of the latest movie about the ‘Iron Lady’.

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Logarajah, Sri, i Sue Roff. "Structured learning for clinical ethics in anaesthesia". Clinical Ethics 11, nr 4 (19.08.2016): 200–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477750916660831.

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The ‘SLICE’ model for Structured Learning in Clinical Ethics provides a template to help medical professionals identify their own “moral compass” to provide guidance in complex ethical areas. The model has five domains – Conscience, Compliance, Concurrence, Conversation and Conversion. The use of ‘SLICE’ model as a tool for ethics education has been described in various undergraduate and postgraduate settings. These include teaching ethical aspects of transplantation; legislation for undergraduates and consent in paediatric anaesthesia. Its use as tool for teaching reflective ethical practice has been recently described demonstrating the potential of the SLICE model for supporting appraisal and professional development. In this article, we explore the suitability of the SLICE model to provide a general framework encompassing all the requirements for Ethical Clinical practice in anaesthesia. Good Medical Practice guidance produced by the General Medical Council and guidance provided jointly by the Royal College of Anaesthetists and Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland is used as the foundation for developing this framework. The Good Practice Guide for anaesthetic departments provides a solid ethical frame work for interpreting and applying Good Medical Practice guidance by the General Medical Council. Tools such as the SLICE model complement the guides produced by the professional organisations by providing a choice of different methods to facilitate education, decision making and reflective practice.

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Villanueva, Ricardo. "Alicia Moreau's socialist feminism on war: transcending western narratives?" International Affairs 100, nr 1 (8.01.2024): 81–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiad287.

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Abstract According to conventional narratives of International Relations (IR), the vast majority—if not all—of the twentieth-century proposals to overcome war came from men, such as Norman Angell, Vladimir Lenin and Woodrow Wilson. Recent efforts show that women also contributed significantly to the topic; nevertheless, they have focused almost exclusively on women from the United States or Great Britain. Despite Argentinian Alicia Moreau's significant writings on war, her international thought remains unknown in Latin America, and in the histories of international thought and IR. Through a textual analysis of Moreau's writings and speeches, as well as a comparative approach with other socialist and feminist perspectives, this article has a double objective. First, to lay the foundations for demonstrating that women from the global South also contributed to explaining and providing practical solutions to war during the early twentieth century; and second, to draw lessons from Moreau's writings for today's policy-makers. The article shows that although Moreau's international thought does not transcend Eurocentrism, her blend of socialist democratic feminism, informed by her work as an activist and politician, offers a moderate non-violent alternative to other well-known socialist and feminist approaches, and provides insights for policy-makers on the importance of women, education and democracy to achieve a more peaceful and egalitarian world.

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Barkasi, D., i R. Barta. "The Significance of preventive Activities in the Field of human traffick". Clinical Social Work and Health Intervention 15, nr 1 (9.02.2024): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22359/cswhi_15_1_03.

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Introduction: Slovakia is considered a country of origin for victims of human trafficking. The target destination for citizens of the Slovak Republic is mainly Western European countries. In the period from 2011 to 2014, 57% of IOM clients in Slovakia were assisted by victims of human trafficking in Great Britain. According to estimates, there are 30 to 40 million victims of human trafficking worldwide. Research aim and objectives: The aim of our research was to highlight the importance of preventive activities for young people in the field of human trafficking. The sub-goals were to determine the level of knowledge of secondary school and grammar school students in the Michalovce district from the points of view of completing preventive activities in the field of human trafficking, gender and type of school. Methods: To test the hypotheses, we used Pearson’s chisquare test of independence at a significance level of 0.05. Results: We discovered that differences in the level of knowledge exist among students who completed preventive activities and between men and women. No differences were found in the level of knowledge of human trafficking by school type. Conclusion: Our research shows the clear importance of carrying out preventive activities, which have their justification both in the area of prevention as well as in providing useful information and pitfalls that young people may face when traveling abroad for work.

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Fedorak, Volodymyr. "Ethnographic and Artistic Museums of the Galician Gutsulshchyna in Ethno-Tourism Sphere: State and Prospects of the Development". Науковий вісник Чернівецького національного університету імені Юрія Федьковича. Історія 2, nr 46 (20.12.2017): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/hj2017.46.105-111.

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The activity of ethnographic and artistic museums of the Galician Hutsulshchyna, their contribution to the development of the ethno-tourism sphere of Ivano-Frankivsk oblast are described in the article. The development of museologyin the Precarpathian region in the context of ethno-tourism activity is regulated by the regional comprehensive program “Culture of Ivano-Frankivsk region”. Priority directions in museum work are: preservation of historical monuments of the region; the latest information technologies introduction into the activity of museums; enlargement of the material, technical and restoration bases; promotion of the international cooperation of museums; realization of repair and restoration work; provision of scientific acquisition of museum funds; activization of publishing activity: albums, catalogs, booklets, guides, scientific collections; usage of new information technologies in accounting and cataloging. The Hutsul topicality is leading in the museology of the Precarpathian region. The network of museums on the territory of the Galician Hutsulshchyna is the most important for ethno-tourism in Ivano-Frankivsk region. In most cases, they are included in the tour operator's activity and constitute logical chains of tourist excursions and routes and are centers for providing services in the region. There are over thirty state and public museums that attract visitors in this region. Employees of these establishments carry out excursions providing ethnographic information about the region. The focus is on the characteristics of work of the most famous museums in the Galician Hutsulshchyna. Particularly noticeable is the activity of the National Museum of Folk Art of Hutsulshchyna and Pokuttia named after Yo. Kobrynsky in Kolomyia, which is the only Ukrainian institution of this type, listed in the Royal Encyclopedia of Great Britain as a museum of world masterpieces. The author states that the authentic color of life of local inhabitants is brightly represented in the museum institutions of this historical and ethnographic region. A number of museums of the Galician Hutsulshchyna provide high-quality cognitive tourism services, because they have preserved customs and traditions of crafts and handicrafts and everyday ritual activity. Keywords: museum, ethno-tourism, Galician Hutsulshchyna, exposition, exhibition

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Zhanbyrbayeva, А. N., i Ya A. Yeraliyeva. "Assessment of the Public Administration System of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the Context of a Pandemic". Economics: the strategy and practice 17, nr 1 (3.04.2022): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.51176/1997-9967-2022-1-19-32.

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The global pandemic has significantly disrupted the functioning of certain branches of public administration. Still, it has become a springboard for the accelerated development of new technologies, including remote work, a flexible approach to strategic decision-making and services. The purpose of the study is to analyze the public administration system in the context of the pandemic as a whole, the adopted reforms, comprehensive differentiation using specific social methods, comparative methods, and providing recommendations. Individual event analysis of the reforms implemented by our country during the pandemic was also carried out, and the results were analyzed on the basis of this analysis method. The article also analyzes the actions of giant states such as the People’s Republic of China, Great Britain, France, the Netherlands, Turkey, Korea, and Germany during the pandemic to combat the crisis. Summing up the results of the research goal, we came to the conclusion that, first of all, it is necessary to ensure the satisfaction of the population with the country’s public administration system, regulate the healthcare sector, develop medical production, organize full coverage of the people with domestic food products, increase the quantity and quality of export-oriented goods, increase the demand for scientific laboratories and qualified specialists, strengthen information security. The results of the research in the article, i.e. recommendations, can be used in the process of public administration to prevent such gaps in the conditions of rapid action in a crisis.

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Zakruzhnaya, Zoya S., Oleg A. Korostelev i Maxim A. Frolov. "I. A. Bunin’s Notes and Extracts in View of an Academic Omnibus Edition". Herald of an archivist, nr 1 (2018): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2018-1-65-73.

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On the eve of his 150th anniversary, the archival heritage of I. A. Bunin is studied with great care; new materials are being introduced into scientific use; a source base for academic omnibus edition of the first Russian Nobel laureate in literature is being prepared; methods and principles for the publication of works of different genres (poetry, journalism, prose, and archival materials) are being developed. The article focuses on specific materials from I. A. Bunin’s archive, so far little-studied, — odd notes, extracts, and marginalia in books and newspaper cuttings. Bunin left many such records on the books given to him, on the magazines read, on the newspaper clippings sent to him, etc. And many of them are of significant interest for researchers. The corpus of these materials happens to be segmented, as the rest of I. A. Bunin’s archive is; parts are deposited in the Leeds Russian Archives in the University of Leeds (Leeds, Great Britain), in the Department of Manuscripts of the A. M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IMLI RAN), in the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art (RGALI), in the fonds of the I. S. Turgenev Oryol State United Literary Museum, as well as in several archives in Western Europe and in the USA, in university, federal, and private collections. All Bunin's handwritten notes fall into the following three types of materials: (1) marginalia in books; (2) marginalia in newspaper and magazine clippings; and (3) odd notes not included in notebooks. Of greatest interest are Bunin's marginalia on cutting from newspapers and magazines. Bunin closely followed all responses to his work, collected clippings and stored them in a trunk, a ‘clippings trunk,’ as he called it. It is more important, however, to divide of the array of notes by their content: (1) quotations; (2) refinements and arguments; (3) assessments and opinions. Marginalia containing refinements and arguments, as well as those containing assessments and opinions, are extremely important. Some remarks clarify Bunin's artistic opinions, others offer corrections, clarifications, comments on his own or others work, or on epoch itself, yet other reveal particularities of the artistic conception. Bunin's assessments and comments clarify his literary and public position, providing wide context necessary for understanding the writer’s individuality. The article sets up a research problem — how to introduce this corpus of materials into scientific use and on what principles to prepare them for publication.

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Sergeeva, Svetlana, Olga Vagaeva, Yulia Dianova, Mikhail Denisov i Olga Voskrekasenko. "Professionalism as a personal priority of a higher school teacher and a condition for high-quality training of a graduate". SHS Web of Conferences 98 (2021): 01027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219801027.

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The professionalism of a higher school teacher and the quality of their work largely determine the quality of training of future graduates who are ready for professional advancement in the context of the development of new high-tech technologies and the increasing demands of partners in the real sector of the economy. In this regard, the research aims to find ways and mechanisms to improve the professionalism of the teacher, their training, and retraining in contemporary educational practice. The article presents the research results obtained at the Department of Pedagogy and Psychology of Penza State Technical University (Penz STU) on the concerned problems. The novelty of the research lies in the effective ideas, approaches, and principles of constructive problem-solving in educational practice proposed based on the analysis of normative, historical, pedagogical, and scientific literature of foreign (Germany, Great Britain, and the USA) and domestic practices. It is shown that the studied and characterized models of improving the professionalism and training of academic staff in higher education, identified leading principles underlying the implementation of these models, and the relationships among the goals, results, and conditions of training and retraining of academic staff in the realities of today can be in demand and successfully implemented. As promising areas for improving the professionalism of a higher school teacher to effectively address issues of high-quality training of graduates, the authors offer to provide pedagogical support as the most productive technology to support a novice teacher during their professional adjustment, conducting monitoring of the effectiveness of teachers’ activities to improve the quality of their professionalism, and encouraging effective and efficient work, as well as providing social partnership and integration of all types of educational resources.

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Murray, J., I. Sargent, D. Holland, A. Gardiner, K. Dionysopoulou, S. Coupland, J. Hare, C. Zhang i P. M. Atkinson. "OPPORTUNITIES FOR MACHINE LEARNING AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN NATIONAL MAPPING AGENCIES: ENHANCING ORDNANCE SURVEY WORKFLOW". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B5-2020 (24.08.2020): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b5-2020-185-2020.

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Abstract. National Mapping agencies (NMA) are frequently tasked with providing highly accurate geospatial data for a range of customers. Traditionally, this challenge has been met by combining the collection of remote sensing data with extensive field work, and the manual interpretation and processing of the combined data. Consequently, this task is a significant logistical undertaking which benefits the production of high quality output, but which is extremely expensive to deliver. Therefore, novel approaches that can automate feature extraction and classification from remotely sensed data, are of great potential interest to NMAs across the entire sector. Using research undertaken at Great Britain’s NMA; Ordnance Survey (OS) as an example, this paper provides an overview of the recent advances at an NMA in the use of artificial intelligence (AI), including machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) based applications. Examples of these approaches are in automating the process of feature extraction and classification from remotely sensed aerial imagery. In addition, recent OS research in applying deep (convolutional) neural network architectures to image classification are also described. This overview is intended to be useful to other NMAs who may be considering the adoption of similar approaches within their workflows.

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Horton, Marie, Parvati R. Perman-Howe, Colin Angus, Julie Bishop, Ilze Bogdanovica, Alan Brennan, John Britton i in. "The SPECTRUM Consortium: a new UK Prevention Research Partnership consortium focussed on the commercial determinants of health, the prevention of non-communicable diseases, and the reduction of health inequalities". Wellcome Open Research 6 (14.01.2021): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16318.1.

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The main causes of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), health inequalities and health inequity include consumption of unhealthy commodities such as tobacco, alcohol and/or foods high in fat, salt and/or sugar. These exposures are preventable, but the commodities involved are highly profitable. The economic interests of ‘Unhealthy Commodity Producers’ (UCPs) often conflict with health goals but their role in determining health has received insufficient attention. In order to address this gap, a new research consortium has been established. This open letter introduces the SPECTRUM (Shaping Public hEalth poliCies To Reduce ineqUalities and harM) Consortium: a multi-disciplinary group comprising researchers from 10 United Kingdom (UK) universities and overseas, and partner organisations including three national public health agencies in Great Britain (GB), five multi-agency alliances and two companies providing data and analytic support. Through eight integrated work packages, the Consortium seeks to provide an understanding of the nature of the complex systems underlying the consumption of unhealthy commodities, the role of UCPs in shaping these systems and influencing health and policy, the role of systems-level interventions, and the effectiveness of existing and emerging policies. Co-production is central to the Consortium’s approach to advance research and achieve meaningful impact and we will involve the public in the design and delivery of our research. We will also establish and sustain mutually beneficial relationships with policy makers, alongside our partners, to increase the visibility, credibility and impact of our evidence. The Consortium’s ultimate aim is to achieve meaningful health benefits for the UK population by reducing harm and inequalities from the consumption of unhealthy commodities over the next five years and beyond.

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Girich, Maria G., Kristina V. Ivanovicheva i Antonina D. Levashenko. "Taxation and Social Insurance for Employees of Online Platforms: Comparison of Russian and International Experience". Financial Journal 14, nr 3 (czerwiec 2022): 44–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31107/2075-1990-2022-3-44-60.

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The issue of online platforms’ employment is topical due to the emergence of questions of application of labor law, taxation and social insurance to such persons providing services via platforms. The purpose of this article is to develop recommendations regarding the regulation of relations arising between the platform and its employee in Russia, including the application of labor and business legislation, taxation and social insurance of such persons, taking into account the comparison of the legal regulation in Russia and in foreign countries. The methodology of the work is based on a comparative legal analysis of legal documents in foreign countries (Spain, Great Britain, Italy, France) and Russia. One of the international trends in the regulation of employment on online platforms is the application of labor laws to regulate the relationship between the employee and the platform, or the introduction of a special status of a “quasi-employee” with the provision of platforms with certain obligations to ensure the employment rights of employees. In Russia, the legal status of platform employees is not defined, it is not defined, e.g. whether a person is an employee, an entrepreneur, or a legal entity. For tax purposes, platform employees are usually self-employed (professional income taxpayers), so the article compares the approaches to taxation of such employees in Russia and in foreign countries. Furthermore, the selfemployed in Russia cannot pay social insurance contributions; the article discusses the approaches of foreign countries to social insurance of the self-employed, as well as the issue of the emergence of platforms’ obligations for social insurance of their employees, considering the application of labor law to the activities of those platforms.

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Prianyshnykova, M. V., i O. D. Hudenko. "Corona-test of the Real Economy and Financial and Economic Imperatives to Overcome the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic". Problems of Economy 3, nr 45 (2020): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-0712-2020-3-18-24.

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The article aims at highlighting the financial and economic imperatives and semantics of the practical ways for overcoming the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic by country, and finding capabilities for their implementation in Ukraine, taking into account the corona test results of the real economy expressed in the national measures of sustainable and comprehensive development, traditionally taken as a whole. The state of institutional and sectoral units of the real sector of economy during the COVID-19 global pandemic has been analyzed. The key factors of the negative impact on economic sustainability have been systematized based on the criterial invariance of the quantitative and qualitative indices of the production, logistics, labor availability (saving) and bankruptcy parameters. The research results in suggesting two types of measures to overcome the pandemic effects: the first one is at the enterprise level, and the second one is at the state level. The first group should include the companies’ strategy decomposition, e.g. reducing costs, restructuring activities, diversifying production to meet the domestic market needs, supporting employees’ mobility and engagement in remote work (online operation). The second group should include deferring tax payments, providing assistance (support) to enterprises and employees, state guarantees on loans, interest-free loans, one-time financial help, one-time grants for certain sectors, which are among the most sensitive ones to the COVID-19 pandemic effects. A critical analysis of the best practices in overcoming the pandemic effects in such countries as France, the USA, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Turkey, Japan, China, South Korea and others has been carried out. Possible ways of their application in Ukraine have been offered.

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Chechulin, A. V., A. L. Kuznecov, V. P. Grakhov i M. B. Perfil’eva. "Communication and Marketing Technologies of Territory Promotion: Forming Professional Market in Russia". Science & Technique 19, nr 2 (1.04.2020): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2020-19-2-125-129.

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The purpose of the paper is to analyze a market of territorial marketing as a special, significantly different from the commercial market in the post-Soviet space. Attempts to characterize this territorial marketing market in general have not yet been undertaken. The authors have set a task to answer questions about their understanding of the territorial marketing essence; nature of interest of any territories in general and post-Soviet territories, in particular, in the use of marketing tools in its strategic development; territorial marketing market structure – customers of such services on behalf of territories, research organizations, marketing, advertising, design and other organizations creating convenient marketing products, and furthermore means for advertisement positioning and organizations providing opportunities for special events in the interests of territories promotion. On the basis of a comparative analysis of the territorial marketing markets of a number of countries leading in the post-Soviet space which are not members of the European Union, an analysis of statistical data and expert surveys, the conclusions have been made: Russia occupies the leading place in this field - and in absolute criteria (budgets, territories need), and in quality of work. But in the recent years Kazakhstan is actively developing territorial marketing technologies and this country is ahead of Russia in a number of areas. It is important that the territorial marketing markets of Russia, Kazakhstan and other post-Soviet countries are not isolated from international ideas and market structures. The main developments for the Russian territories are based on the ideas and methodology of the British school of territorial marketing. Foreign marketing structures, primarily from Great Britain and the Netherlands almost always participate (and often win) in significant tenders for territories ordering being held in Russia and other CIS countries.

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Berbert-Campos, Cláudia. "Legal Considerations in the Management of Cleft Lip and Palate". Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 44, nr 2 (marzec 2007): 223–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/05-209.1.

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Objectives: To inform professionals providing care to individuals with cleft lip and palate on the legal aspects and organizations available to protect individuals with this alteration, and to advocate that cleft lip and palate should be considered a handicap, even though it is provisional and may be rehabilitated, to assure afflicted individuals basic rights and complete personal, social, and economic welfare. Design: Literature review on the issue, including assessment of national and international laws, doctrines, and jurisprudences; conceptual analysis of the word “handicapped” in dictionaries. Analysis included the federal constitutions of Brazil, France, Argentina, Spain, Cuba, Italy, China, Portugal, Japan, Great Britain, and Colombia, regarding the protection of handicapped people. Results: Constitutional protection of handicapped people is a recent issue that has been addressed only in the last few decades in some countries such as Brazil, Italy, Spain, China, and Portugal. The Brazilian Federal Constitution of 1988 addresses the protection of handicapped people to assure them access to social and individual rights, freedom, security, welfare, development, equality, and justice as supreme values of a fraternal, pluralist, and prejudice-free society. Conclusions: Individuals with cleft lip and palate should be included in national policies for integration of handicapped people, in agreement with programs of human rights, establishing a collaborative action between state and society. This would assure their inclusion in the socioeconomic and cultural context and equal opportunities in society, without privileges or paternalism.

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Poznakhirev, Vitaliy. "Food Supply of Captured Non-Commissioned Officers and Enlisted Men in Russia and Western Countries in the XVIIIth Century". Izvestia of Smolensk State University, nr 2(62) (18.12.2023): 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2023-62-123-137.

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The purpose of the study is to reconstruct the procedure for providing food to military personnel of various nationalities captured in the wars of the XVIII century. The object of the article is prisoners interned in Russia, Austria, England, France, Prussia, Spain, Sweden and Turkey. The absence of such works in both domestic and foreign historiography indicates the novelty of the work, and its relevance is due to the fact that it allows us to expand and clarify our ideas about the place of Russia in the world in the early modern period. In the process of investigation, mainly historical-typological and historical-comparative method were used. The source base of the article consists of works published mainly abroad, and documents from six archives of the former USSR. In the course of the study, three key Western European models of food supply for prisoners were identified. The genesis and evolution of the corresponding Russian model are studied step by step. The article shows that the basis of the Russian model was based on the principle of equality of food provision for prisoners of war and Russian soldiers of the garrison troops. The article emphasizes that the Russian model was a synthesis of domestic and foreign experience and retained the best features from the practice of the Moscow state of the XVI–XVII centuries. The article proves that in terms of the quantity and assortment of food products released to prisoners (36 kg of bread and 2–3 kg of cereals per month), Russia surpassed any other European country until the middle of the XVIII century and only with the beginning of the Seven Years' War of 1756–1763 was inferior to the leadership of Great Britain and France (and even then only in terms of the assortment). According to the author, the Russian model of prisoners' nutrition was highly effective and could be easily adapted to any situation, including the ethnic and confessional characteristics of individual groups of prisoners of war.

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Spence, Nicola, i Sam Grant. "Using International Trade Data to Inform the Plant Health and Biosecurity Response in the UK". Outlooks on Pest Management 31, nr 3 (1.06.2020): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1564/v31_jun_06.

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Plants are essential for supporting human life, providing food, oxygen and medicine as well as benefits to health from interacting with nature. Plants also play a crucial role in ecosystems and in mitigating the effects of climate change. The importance of plants to humans and to the environment is gaining a higher level of attention in today's political and social landscape. The Great Britain Plant Health and Biosecurity Strategy will be updated this year to reflect upcoming challenges for maintaining high biosecurity standards while the Tree Health Resilience Strategy protects our trees going forward, allowing for adaption to environmental change and building resilience to future threats. Additionally, 2020 is the FAO's International Year of Plant Health providing a unique opportunity to raise the profile of plant heath further on a global scale. Critical to biosecurity is the global trade in plants and plant commodities which may offer us the option to grow plants that are more suited to a future, warmer climate and thus more resilient to climate change, but which brings with it an increased risk of invasive pests and diseases. It is important that we protect our native species and minimise the risks of introducing new pests and diseases. The UK's plant health regime aims to manage that risk to protect the value of plants and trees, both as crops and forestry products, as well as ecosystem services and societal benefits. The UK is a net importer of plants and plant commodities and it is the role of the Plant Health and Seeds Inspectorate (PHSI) and the Forestry Commission (FC) to carry out checks on imported material. Given that there are over 1,000 pests on the UK Plant Health Risk Register the challenge cannot be understated. It is unrealistic to expect that we can provide effective protection from all pests and diseases so potentially serious pests which are identified by the UK Plant Health Risk Group are subject to a detailed pest risk analysis (PRA) following internationally agreed methodologies. Import inspections are risk-based and use the outcomes of the PRA as the basis for focusing resource to the highest threats. The experimental statistics released by Defra in March 2020 'Plant Health – international trade and controlled consignments, 2014–2018' were developed to address some of the evidence gaps around plant health related trade and the value of plant health, and to provide users with information on the work of import inspectors.

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Aliyev, Abbas. "State service policy: international experience". Науково-теоретичний альманах "Грані" 22, nr 1 (26.03.2019): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/171915.

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The article analyzes the experience of leading countries in implementing the service policy of the state (Great Britain, France, Germany, Malaysia, etc.) in order to identify effective practices for reforming state policy in the context of its service orientation. The Charter of the Citizen (UK) was adopted in 1991 and was a 10-year improvement program of the public services quality. The main principles of the Charter (standards; openness; choice; politeness and courtesy; providing services properly; efficiency and low cost) were observed. Moreover, the «Charter on the delivery of public services» (France, 1992) is researched. It presented basic principles of work regulation of French civil service on the basis of equality, impartiality and continuity, as well as new principles of activities, as a reaction to changes in expectations and demands of the population, the emergence of consumers’ new needs and requests, the need for transparency and accountability, simplicity and accessibility.It is proved that the Services Consumer Charter for Public Services in Belgium (1993) is an example of a comprehensive program that seeks to improve the relationship between state bodies and institutions on the one hand and the population - customers and consumers (clients) of services - on the other one.Analysis of mantioned above and other charters helps to detect the main tasks of the public service systems reforms, in particular: increasing the efficiency of public services and reducing the cost for their delivery; deliivery of services to citizens of the proper quality; reduced deadlines for preparing responses to requests of citizens; conducting external audits to provide creation of a system aimed at continuous improvement; emphasis on achieving results, but their planning; better definition of work processes; improving the quality of informing citizens about public services delivery; openness and transparency of authorities activities; liberalization of licensing institutions; implementation of the «e-government».A characteristic feature of reforming the system of public services delivery in the countries taken under consideration is detected. This is a duration of this process. The explanation of the long terms of the reforms in the sphere increasing the efficiency of the public sector lies in the complexity and scope of the set goals and objectives, and also in a large number of parties involved in the reform process. The further research of the problematic can be dealt with analysis of the state, quality, and special features of the domestic reforms dedicated to the state service policy implementation.

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Grayvoronskiy, Vladimir V. "Монголоведение в Институте востоковедения РАН: современное состояние и перспективы". Oriental Studies 13, nr 4 (25.12.2020): 927–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2020-50-4-927-940.

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Introduction. The paper briefly reviews the current state and prospects of Mongolian studies at the Institute of Oriental Studies (RAS) that celebrated its 200th anniversary in 2018. The Institute maintains and strengthens its positions as a leading national and global research center for Oriental studies. Goals. The study attempts at summarizing the Institute’s 2010–2020 experiences in developing Mongolian studies as a traditional branch of Russia’s Oriental studies, characterizing the present state and development prospects with due regard of actual achievements, challenges, and problems. Materials and Methods. The work analyzes scholarly publications authored by associates of the Mongolian Studies Unit (Department of Korean and Mongolian Studies) and other departments of the Institute in 2010–2020, including operating archives ― through the use of historical, chronological, descriptive, analytical and other methods. Results. The study shows that despite a number of objective and subjective difficulties, associates of the Institute keep developing Mongolian studies exploring some topical and understudied issues of ancient, medieval, modern, and contemporary Mongolia; providing comprehensive insights into present-day political, socioeconomic, and cultural frameworks of Mongolia proper and Russia-Mongolia relations. Still, the Institute ― and specifically the Mongolian Studies Unit ― experiences a critical shortage of qualified young Mongolists, and if the problem remains unsolved respective research perspectives should encourage no optimism. The number of highly experienced Mongolists and Orientalists that conduct research activities on a range of Mongolia-related issues (history, historiography, source studies, discoveries and publications of new sources, written monuments and archives, philology, etc.) affiliated thereto is small enough. The former publish their scholarly works and actively cooperate with colleagues from similar scientific and educational organizations of Moscow, St. Petersburg, Irkutsk, Ulan-Ude, Elista, Kyzyl, Vladivostok and other Russian cities; establish relations with foreign humanities research centers of Mongolia, China, Japan, the United States, Great Britain, Germany, France, etc. Chronologically, the review covers the period between 2010 and 2020, and characterizes key changes in staff composition; shows fundamental research trends; summarizes outcomes of scholarly, organizational and publishing activities; mentions main joint and individual monographs authored (published) by associates of the Department of Korean and Mongolian Studies in 2010–2020. The paper specifies basic development problems faced by Mongolian studies in the context of Oriental studies as such, provides conclusions and prognoses for further evolution of this research line at the Institute of Oriental Studies (RAS).

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LUTSENKO, O. YE. "REMOTE WORK: EXPERIENCE OF GREAT BRITAIN". Law and Society, nr 4 (2022): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32842/2078-3736/2022.4.32.

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GELLING, Margaret. "Recent Onomastic Work in Great Britain". Onoma 32 (1.01.1995): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ono.32.0.2003502.

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Griffiths, Amanda. "Work-related illness in Great Britain". Work & Stress 12, nr 1 (styczeń 1998): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02678379808256844.

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Tkachuk, Pavlo, Andrij Kharuk, Ihor Soliar i Lilia Skorych. "Russian aviation industry and First World War challenges". History of science and technology 12, nr 2 (16.12.2022): 388–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.32703/2415-7422-2022-12-2-388-407.

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The purpose of this study is to highlight the peculiarities of the development of the Russian aviation industry during the First World War. The focus is on analyzing production programs and matching their quantitative and qualitative parameters to war requirements. The main methods used in our work are problem-chronological, used to describe the state of the Russian aviation industry, and comparative, used to compare the level of development of the Russian aviation industry with other countries that participated in the First World War. General scientific methods have also found their application ‒ primarily, analysis and synthesis. The research resulted in the following conclusions: First World War became a challenge for Russian industry that was in the developing stage, including aviation industry. Needs of the front demanded for increase in plane productions that was a complex task for Russia, taking into account its economic backwardness. Aviation industry, being represented by several big (in the scope of Russia) enterprises, demonstrated a dynamic of growth. For the war period the plane production capacity had increased only in 3 times while in Germany – in 10 times and in France and Great Britain the growth was much bigger. Leading enterprises of aviation industry, such as factory of Duks, Liebiediev, Anatra, Shchetinin – mainly copied foreign samples (French, and sometimes German). Efforts to establish the production of original samples were a complete failure. The most known example is fighter “Illia Muromets” that was a leading one in 1914 but became old-fashioned till 1917. Aviation engine production was also narrow and was far beyond plane production. Enormous investments made in the development existed and building of new enterprises of planes and aviation engines production in 1916‒1917 did not show any results, none of the enterprises started the production. We have analyzed some of these failures – building of Anatra factory in Simferopol and Matias factory in Berdiansk, and aero-motors factories Anatra in Simferopol and Deka in Aleksandrovsk. State police on controlling aviation industry based on providing subsidies and preferential loan, turned to be ineffective – it was vanished by basic purchasing prices that did not count on inflation. That is why Russian aviation industry appeared to be unable to face and respond to war challenges. Production plans of leading Russian aviation factories as well as qualitative and quantitative parameters of products have been analyzed in the article.

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Bownes, Mary. "The work of dietitians in Great Britain". Social Policy & Administration 27, nr 4 (grudzień 1993): 335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9515.1993.tb00549.x.

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Prasov, Oleksandr, i Yuliia Abakumova. "PRINCIPLES AND PROBLEMS OF FINANCIAL PROVISION OF EDUCATION TO PERSONS SENTENCED TO IMPRISONMENT". Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 6, nr 4 (24.11.2020): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2020-6-4-141-148.

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The purpose of the article is to study the economic and legal problems of financing the education of persons sentenced to imprisonment, realization of their constitutional right and to propose to eliminate existing gaps in the legislation. Methodology. The survey is based on an analysis of the principles of financing education, including prison education, on the procedure and problems of financing education for persons sentenced to imprisonment. The principles, good practice and problems of providing educational services in Singapore, Japan, Hong Kong, South Korea, Finland, the Netherlands, Canada, Poland, Germany, Ireland, Great Britain, the USA, Estonia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, the Russian Federation are considered. Sourcing of education (state, non-state and mixed) are investigated. The analysis of macro indicators of social and economic development of the countries, in which certain system of financing of education operates, is carried out. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the country's development largely depends on the share of gross domestic product spent on research. Only if the cost of science exceeds 0.9% of gross domestic product, it can be said about the impact of science on the development of the state economy. It is concluded that most European countries use the so-called principle of "funding formula", according to which the state allocates financial resources to higher education institutions in amounts determined by special indicators, such as high quality of education, number of students, labor intensity and material consumption of the education process. Results. In the process of studying the state policy on financing the educational system, it has been concluded that tthe most developed countries with a sufficiently high level of gross domestic product per capita have the state system of financing higher education. The main positive feature of penitentiary educational systems is their focus on the prisoner as an individual to provide his or her needs, the opportunity to acquire professional skills and, in the future, to integrate into society and restore his or her social status easily. The authors also conclude that due to certain difficulties in obtaining education by prisoners, namely, most of these persons cannot get an education because they are in isolation from society, their attendance at school is impossible, the way out of this situation is distance learning. Practical implications. . Proposals have been made, according to which higher education for persons sentenced to imprisonment should be regarded as paid activity along with work, and the possibility of obtaining distance education should be enshrined in law. Value/originality. The article provides proposals for amendments to the legislation in the field of education for persons sentenced to imprisonment in some post-Soviet countries for the harmonization of regulations.

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Barysheva, E. A. "Helping the School: Electronic Learning Resources of Foreign Libraries". Proceedings of SPSTL SB RAS, nr 1 (6.05.2023): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.20913/2618-7515-2023-1-46-54.

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The transition from an information society to a knowledge society gives libraries a chance to overcome the crisis by transforming themselves into educational institutions of a new type, providing quality information and educational services that promote cognitive and creative activities. An important place among them belongs to programs and projects for the creation and promotion of electronic learning resources intended for schoolteachers and students, i.e. for the audience, which directly determines the society we will have to live in the near future. The aim of the article is to consider the experience of major foreign libraries in preparing electronic learning (e-Learning) resources for schools from the perspective of their possible use by Russian libraries in the light of the tasks set to strengthen the role of cultural and educational organizations in the historical and cultural enlightenment and upbringing of the growing generation. The object of the article is the resources of own generation (or created in cooperation with other institutions) of national and regional libraries in the USA, Great Britain, and Australia, related to the methodological support of the educational process in schools. The study of the content of these resources made it possible to identify several main groups with different purposes: training in the skills of working with primary sources; promotion of classical literature and reading; assistance to subject teachers in their work with current social and political issues; development of regional / local history knowledge. Examples explored are electronic learning resources for schools posted in dedicated sections or on the web portals of the Library of Congress (USA, Washington), the National Library of Australia, the British Library, the Florida State Library and Archives, the State Library of Victoria (Australia, Melbourne) the National Library of Scotland, and the National Library of Wales. The study has shown that national and regional libraries of the above-mentioned countries place a high priority on the preparation of electronic learning resources for schools. Creation of such resources helps libraries to solve important tasks: to popularize their collections and electronic resources; to expand the circle of regular readers by attracting schoolchildren; to enhance the prestige of the library as an important cultural and educational institution involved in forming the worldview and raising the intellectual level of the younger generation. Due to their social significance, such projects, as a rule, have state or regional funding; grants are widely practiced. The article pays special attention to the interaction between libraries and other cultural institutions in preparing joint electronic learning resources for schools, as well as to the promotion of such resources among the teaching community, primarily through close cooperation with pedagogical organizations.

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Bingley, Paul, i Ian Walker. "Housing Subsidies and Work Incentives in Great Britain". Economic Journal 111, nr 471 (1.04.2001): C86—C103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0297.00621.

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FAGAN, C. "Gendered Time Schedules: Paid Work in Great Britain". Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society 3, nr 1 (1.03.1996): 72–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sp/3.1.72.

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Adisa, Toyin Ajibade, Gbolahan Gbadamosi i Ellis L. C. Osabutey. "Work-family balance". Gender in Management: An International Journal 31, nr 7 (3.10.2016): 414–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gm-01-2016-0010.

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Purpose Given the reality that working mothers experience difficulties in achieving work-family balance because of the social restrictions that arise from parenting combined with career goals, this paper aims to explore the various coping strategies that are used by working mothers in the cities of London (Great Britain) and Lagos (Nigeria). Design/methodology/approach Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 72 mothers who worked in banks in London (Great Britain) and Lagos (Nigeria). Thematic analysis and investigator triangulation are used. Findings The findings reveal various coping strategies used by working mothers in the cities of Lagos and London. The paper also unearths the efficiency and the shortcomings of the use of au pairs among British working mothers and the similarities and disparities in terms of such use compared to the traditional use of housekeepers in Nigeria. Originality/value This paper contributes to the existing work–family balance literature by exploring the coping strategies of working mothers because of sociocultural and institutional differences in Great Britain and Nigeria.

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Baguma, Peter, i Adrian Furnham. "The Protestant Work Ethic in Great Britain and Uganda". Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 24, nr 4 (grudzień 1993): 495–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022193244007.

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Ziaei, Zainab, Karen Hassell i Ellen I. Schafheutle. "Work experiences of internationally trained pharmacists in Great Britain". International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 23, nr 2 (22.05.2014): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijpp.12122.

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Blyth, Eric, Mansoor A. F. Kazi i Judith Milner. "Education Reform and Education Social Work in Great Britain". Children & Schools 16, nr 2 (kwiecień 1994): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cs/16.2.129.

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