Artykuły w czasopismach: „Gravity Model”

1

Kim, Juyoung, i Jeongsoo Kim. "Trade Area Analysis through Gravity Model". Journal of Channel and Retailing 26, nr 4 (grudzień 2021): 49–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17657/jcr.2021.10.31.3.

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Ševela, M. "Gravity-type model of Czech agricultural export". Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 48, No. 10 (1.03.2012): 463–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5353-agricecon.

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The article concentrates on the application of gravity-type model to explain the volume of agro-exports from the Czech Republic. The multiplicative exponential function of the appropriate explanatory variables is used to describe the bilateral trade flows. Gross national product, gross national product per capita and geographical distance between the capitals of economies proved statistically significant. From regression analysis of the transformed data, there is apparent the positive correlation between the export volume of the commodity group 0 – Food and live animals SITC, rev.3 and gross national income. On the contrary, the negative correlation is between the agro-export volume and gross national income per capita and geographical distance as well. The built model is significant at the 5% level and explains more than 75% of dependent variable variance.

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3

Purnawan Jati, Slamet Sujud. "Studi Interaksi Masyarakat Masa Lampau Suatu Analisis Model Graviti (Gravity Model)". Berkala Arkeologi 19, nr 1 (28.05.1999): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.30883/jba.v19i1.794.

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Pada kesempatan ini akan diintrodusir suatu model pendekatan dari Stephen Plog. Dalam hal ini, Plog mencoba mengintrodusir model graviti atau model gaya berat (gravity model) untuk memprediksi dengan akurat kuantitas interaksi antara desa-desa di suatu lembah tertentu. Plog akan membuktikan bahwa para ahli antropologi, sejarah, dan arkeologi dapat menguji hal yang dapat dipercaya dari ukuran interaksi mereka sendiri dengan menggunakan data dari masyarakat masa lampau. Model ini dilakukan dengan akurat dan bermanfaat, serta dapat dimodifikasi oleh penemuan-penemuan baru di masa lampau.

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4

Kruglov, Sergey. "Arctan-Gravity Model". Universe 1, nr 1 (22.05.2015): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe1010082.

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Pavlenko, Yu. "GRAVITY: THEORETICAL MODEL". TRANSBAIKAL STATE UNIVERSITY JOURNAL 28, nr 5 (2022): 120–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/2227-9245-2022-28-5-120-129.

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A theoretical model of the formation of gravity and such dialectical categories as time, speed of light and intranuclear superdense matter, directly related to it, are presented. Categories are forms of knowledge reflection about the universal laws of the objective world, its unity, interaction and development of its components. Gravity is the main creative derivative of the potential energy of the Universe. This is a product of the process of interference of quantum wave fluctuations of potential energy and coherent wave oscillations of the quark-gluon energy mechanism of atomic nuclei. The consequence of the most complex microwave interaction between the potential energy consumed by nuclei and the internal energy of atomic nuclei are ultrashort waves, representing electromagnetic γ-radiation (γ-quantum, photon, corpuscle). In areas of increased concentration of wave energy, when the anomalous threshold oscillation frequency of 734 Hz is reached, the interaction of locally manifested wave processes of quantum fluctuation and interference can form elementary particles with a dense mass, increased energy charge and other characteristics characteristic of baryonic matter. The frequency of 734 Hz, indistinguishable by man, corresponds to the time interval of 0.00136 seconds and the supposed boundary of the pulsating material Universe. Electromagnetic and gravitational radiations are actively formed on it, entropy and products of other energy processes corresponding to the bifurcation boundary of evolution decrease or increase. The relevance of the research lies in the expediency of systematics, structuring, systematization of fundamental knowledge about matter, its "origins" to clarify the methodological principles and the significance of the "original" energy evolution in natural science. The object of the research is gravity - one of the most important methodological categories in the form of fundamental time. The subject of the research is the fundamental properties of gravity, which ensure the existence and evolution of the matter of the Metagalaxy. The purpose of the research is virtual forms of the existence and evolution of gravity, and the main task to be solved is to clarify the significance of the wave quantum fluctuation of energy. The methodological tool for solving the problem is the numerous fundamental structural levels of the organization of the matter of the Universe, indicating its polygenic energy essence and evolutionary nature. The concept of a system of scientifically based, interconnected and logically linked scientific views based on many years of experience in small-medium-scale predictive studies in the oldest mining region of Russia - Eastern Transbaikalia. Encyclopedic natural-science knowledge of the matter of the Universe, fundamental hierarchical structures of its matter, cause-and-effect relationships of the functioning of energy systems, theoretical and practical models of the Earth's matter, as well as knowledge of the objective perception of the world, its laws and phenomena by collecting, computer processing of empirical data to solve the problem are used. . It is taken into account that dialectical materialism beyond the "visibility" (length) of light (optical) and electron waves is gradually being replaced by theoretical (philosophical) materialism based on the laws of logic and fractal. Gravity combines space and time into a single energy category called the Universe

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Anderson, James E. "The Gravity Model". Annual Review of Economics 3, nr 1 (wrzesień 2011): 133–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-111809-125114.

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Shah Zainal Abidin, Irwan, Muhammad Haseeb, Lee Wen Chiat i Md Rabiul Islam. "Determinants of Malaysia – BRICS trade linkages: gravity model approach". Investment Management and Financial Innovations 13, nr 2 (14.07.2016): 389–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.13(2-2).2016.14.

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The main objective of this study is to explore the long-run and short-run relationship between trade and other macroeconomic variables of Malaysian and the BRICS countries. To test relationship between trade and other macroeconomic variables, the empirical investigation will be conducted based on the dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) and fully modify ordinary least square (FMOLS) model for the period 1980-2015. Results of both DOLS and FMOLS show that out of all the variables included in the model distance between Malaysia and BRICS countries and corruption of both side have negative affect on bilateral trade between them. Whereas, GDP, GDP per capita and trade to GDP ratio are positively contribute in the bilateral trade. However, inflation and exchange rate of Malaysia and BRCIS countries have no effect on the bilateral trade between Malaysia and BRICS countries. The findings suggest that economic strengthening as the basis for increase in trade between Malaysia and BRICS members. Investment appears to be complementary to the trading relations in the Malaysia-BRICS case. The social capital also plays role in supporting the trade

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Nerem, R. S., F. J. Lerch, J. A. Marshall, E. C. Pavlis, B. H. Putney, B. D. Tapley, R. J. Eanes i in. "Gravity model development for TOPEX/POSEIDON: Joint Gravity Models 1 and 2". Journal of Geophysical Research 99, nr C12 (1994): 24421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/94jc01376.

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Poorooshasb, H. B. "One Gravity Model Testing". Soils and Foundations 35, nr 3 (wrzesień 1995): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3208/sandf.35.55.

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Mayo, Edward J., Lance P. Jarvis i James A. Xander. "Beyond the gravity model". Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 16, nr 3-4 (wrzesień 1988): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02723355.

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Gorjup, Niko, i Amrit Sorli. "Vector model of gravity". Advanced Studies in Theoretical Physics 16, nr 4 (2022): 281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.12988/astp.2022.91938.

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Westerlund, Joakim, i Fredrik Wilhelmsson. "Estimating the gravity model without gravity using panel data". Applied Economics 43, nr 6 (marzec 2011): 641–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036840802599784.

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Tao, Zhuolin, Qingjing Zheng i Hui Kong. "A Modified Gravity p-Median Model for Optimizing Facility Locations". Journal of Systems Science and Information 6, nr 5 (5.11.2018): 421–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21078/jssi-2018-421-14.

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AbstractThe gravityp-median model is an important improvement to the widely-usedp-median model. However, there is still a debate on its validity in empirical applications. Previous studies even doubt the significance of the gravityp-median model. Using a case study of tertiary hospitals in Shenzhen, China, this study re-examines the difference between the gravityp-median model with thep-median model, by decomposing the difference between the two models into gravity rule and variant attraction. This study also proposes a modified gravityp-median model by incorporating a distance threshold. The empirical results support the validity of the gravityp-median model, and also reveal that only when the attractions of candidate facility locations are variable will the gravityp-median model lead to different results with thep-median model. The difference between the modified gravityp-median model and the gravityp-median model is also examined. Moreover, the impacts of the distance-decay parameter and distance threshold on solutions are investigated. Results indicate that a larger distance-decay parameter tends to result in a more dispersed distribution of optimal facilities and a smaller average travel time, and a smaller distance threshold can better promote the spatial equity of facilities. The proposed method can also be applied in studies of other types of facilities or in other areas.

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14

Kitching, T. D., F. Simpson, A. F. Heavens i A. N. Taylor. "Model selection for modified gravity". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 369, nr 1957 (28.12.2011): 5090–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2011.0287.

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In this article, we review model selection predictions for modified gravity scenarios as an explanation for the observed acceleration of the expansion history of the Universe. We present analytical procedures for calculating expected Bayesian evidence values in two cases: (i) that modified gravity is a simple parametrized extension of general relativity (GR; two nested models), such that a Bayes' factor can be calculated, and (ii) that we have a class of non-nested models where a rank-ordering of evidence values is required. We show that, in the case of a minimal modified gravity parametrization, we can expect large area photometric and spectroscopic surveys, using three-dimensional cosmic shear and baryonic acoustic oscillations, to ‘decisively’ distinguish modified gravity models over GR (or vice versa), with odds of ≫1:100. It is apparent that the potential discovery space for modified gravity models is large, even in a simple extension to gravity models, where Newton's constant G is allowed to vary as a function of time and length scale. On the time and length scales where dark energy dominates, it is only through large-scale cosmological experiments that we can hope to understand the nature of gravity.

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15

Indriyani, Popy Dwi, Rina Dwi Indriana i La Ode M. Sabri. "Semarang Subsurface Model Using Airborne Gravity Data". International Journal of Research and Review 10, nr 9 (16.09.2023): 271–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20230929.

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The city of Semarang faults became active again in the Quaternary era. The gravity method has been widely used to identify subsurface conditions in Semarang City and its surroundings, especially the satellite gravity method and land gravity methods. Meanwhile, Semarang City and its surroundings have never used the airborne gravity method. Therefore, this study aims to identify subsurface conditions, especially faults, using airborne gravity data in Semarang and its surroundings. The airborne gravity value is the gravity value at a certain height. Therefore, in this study, the downward continuation process using Molodensky methods on airborne gravity data is useful for obtaining gravity values at topographical heights. Based on the residual anomaly map, there is a low gravity anomaly with a value range of -6.6 – (-0.5) mGal, located between high gravity anomalies, which have a value range of 1.7-7.4 mGal, which is suspected to be associated with a shallow structure in the form of a fault in the research area. Based on the residual anomaly map, the subsurface 2D model uses a forward model in areas identified as faults on the geological map. The model results have an error value of 0.221, representing a fit model that shows a picture of subsurface conditions close to the actual situation with fault structures on the D-D' Line. Keywords: Airborne gravity, fault, downward continuation, Molodensky method

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16

Shahriar, Saleh, Lu Qian, Sokvibol Kea i Nazir Muhammad Abdullahi. "The gravity model of trade". Review of innovation and competitiveness 5, nr 1 (2019): 21–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32728/ric.2019.51/2.

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Purpose. The purpose of this study is to trace the theoretical developments of the gravity model of trade. The key question is: what are the dominant features of the development of the gravity trade model? Methodology. This research is conducted by employing a number of methods that include the historical, descriptive and analytical methods. The main contribution of this paper is to trace the historical and theoretical development phases of the gravity model. Findings. This study is a novel attempt in terms of the identification of the four distinctive phases of the development of the gravity model. This work would, therefore, expand the existing literature on the gravity model. We argue that the development of the gravity model is the outcome of many research efforts. A large body of literature has given the model a solid theoretical foundation. But there is no consensus about the proper econometric estimation methods of the model. The gravity model is significant both historically and analytically. It is a useful tool for the analysis of international trade. It has become a popular research device used by the researchers and policy makers around the world. The gravity is regarded as one of the most successful models in the literature of international economics. Originality. The original contributions of this paper lie in streamlining the consistent historical development of the gravity model over a longer period of time-frame, ranging from 1885 to 2018. Limitations and Implications. This work is theoretical aspects of the trade gravity model. Future researchers could overcome the limitations by combining the theoretical and empirical studies in a paper. This paper can help the future researchers in dealing with the broad body of literature of gravity model. Acknowledement. This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grants No.71673223 & 71473197), and a PhD scholarship from the China Scholarship Council (CSC). The first author would like to thank the CSC for the financial support. He also acknowledges the invaluable research advice and guidance received from Dr. Yoto V. Yotov, professor at the School of Economics of the Lebow College of Business at Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA. The authors are highly grateful to the anonymous reviewers, managing editor, and the editor-in chief for their kind help and critical comments on the earlier drafts of the paper. However, the authors are responsible for the contents and limitations of the study. They declared no conflict of interests.

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17

Kochnev, V. A. "Kinematic-gravity model of geodynamo". Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal 35, nr 4 (1.08.2013): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24028/gzh.0203-3100.v35i4.2013.111381.

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Chang, Lay Nam, i Chopin Soo. "Standard model with gravity couplings". Physical Review D 53, nr 10 (15.05.1996): 5682–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.53.5682.

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Ord, G. N. "Gravity and the spiral model". Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 10, nr 2-3 (luty 1999): 499–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-0779(98)00255-0.

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Matone, Marco. "Nonperturbative model of Liouville gravity". Journal of Geometry and Physics 21, nr 4 (marzec 1997): 381–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0393-0440(96)00028-9.

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Burša, Milan, i M. Pick. "Normal gravity model of phobos". Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica 33, nr 2 (czerwiec 1989): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01646578.

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22

Drezner, Tammy, i Zvi Drezner. "The gravity p-median model". European Journal of Operational Research 179, nr 3 (czerwiec 2007): 1239–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2005.04.054.

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23

Gogberashvili, M. Y. "Tensor-tensor model of gravity". Theoretical and Mathematical Physics 113, nr 3 (grudzień 1997): 1572–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02634517.

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Lewer, Joshua J., i Hendrik Van den Berg. "A gravity model of immigration". Economics Letters 99, nr 1 (kwiecień 2008): 164–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2007.06.019.

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Tapley, B. D., M. M. Watkins, J. C. Ries, G. W. Davis, R. J. Eanes, S. R. Poole, H. J. Rim i in. "The Joint Gravity Model 3". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 101, B12 (10.12.1996): 28029–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/96jb01645.

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Dimitrijevic, Marija, i Voja Radovanovic. "SO(2,3) noncommutative gravity model". Facta universitatis - series: Physics, Chemistry and Technology 12, nr 2 (2014): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fupct1402111d.

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In this paper the noncommutative gravity is treated as a gauge theory of the noncommutative SO(2,3)* group, while the noncommutativity is canonical. The Seiberg-Witten (SW) map is used to express noncommutative fields in terms of the corresponding commutative fields. The commutative limit of the model is the Einstein-Hilbert action plus the cosmological term and the topological Gauss-Bonnet term. We calculate the second order correction to this model and obtain terms that are zeroth, first, . . . and fourth power of the curvature tensor. Finally, we discuss physical consequences of those correction terms in the limit of big cosmological constant.

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Gegenberg, Jack, i Viqar Husain. "Solvable model for quantum gravity?" Classical and Quantum Gravity 30, nr 6 (1.03.2013): 065023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/30/6/065023.

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Slronge, William B., i Ronald R. Schultz. "Heteroscedasticity and the Gravity Model". Geographical Analysis 10, nr 3 (3.09.2010): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.1978.tb00657.x.

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Aghamohammadi, A. "Holographic f(T) gravity model". Astrophysics and Space Science 352, nr 1 (8.04.2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10509-014-1912-0.

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Zhukov, V. P., R. A. Shorin, V. E. Mizonov i Kh Otvinovski. "Entropy model of gravity classification". Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering 34, nr 4 (lipiec 2000): 370–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02758687.

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Vixo, Darcy, i Gerry Connard. "Isostatic Gravity Inversion: a new way to model gravity data". First Break 38, nr 5 (1.05.2020): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/1365-2397.fb2020033.

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Catalao, J. "Iberia-Azores Gravity Model (IAGRM) using multi-source gravity data". Earth, Planets and Space 58, nr 3 (marzec 2006): 277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/bf03351924.

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Zhou, Xiao, Gongliu Yang, Jing Wang i Zeyang Wen. "A Combined Gravity Compensation Method for INS Using the Simplified Gravity Model and Gravity Database". Sensors 18, nr 5 (14.05.2018): 1552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18051552.

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Xu, Xinyu, Yongqi Zhao, Tilo Reubelt i Robert Tenzer. "A GOCE only gravity model GOSG01S and the validation of GOCE related satellite gravity models". Geodesy and Geodynamics 8, nr 4 (lipiec 2017): 260–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geog.2017.03.013.

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Horikoshi, Masaatsu, Yugo Abe i Takeo Inami. "Gravity Loop Corrections to the Standard Model Higgs in Einstein Gravity". Communications in Physics 26, nr 3 (10.01.2017): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0868-3166/26/3/9033.

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We study one-loop quantum gravity corrections to the standard model Higgs potential \(V(\phi) \grave{\rm a}\) la Coleman-Weinberg and examine the stability question of \(V(\phi) \) in the energy region of Planck mass scale, \(\mu\simeq M_{\rm Pl}\) \((M_{\rm Pl}=1.22\times10^{19}{\rm GeV})\). We calculate the gravity one-loop corrections to \(V(\phi)\) in Einstein gravity by using the momentum cut-off \(\Lambda\). We have found that even small gravity corrections compete with the standard model term of \(V(\phi)\) and affect the stability argument of the latter part alone. This is because the latter part is nearly zero in the energy region of \(M_{\rm Pl}\).

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Mroczek, Katarzyna, Tomasz Tokarski i Mariusz Trojak. "Gravity Model of the Economic Diversity of Polish Regions". Gospodarka Narodowa 271, nr 3 (30.06.2014): 5–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/gn/100867.

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Ruprecht, Daniel, i Rupert Klein. "A model for nonlinear interactions of internal gravity waves with saturated regions". Meteorologische Zeitschrift 20, nr 2 (1.04.2011): 243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0941-2948/2011/0213.

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TKACH, V. I. "TOWARDS GHOST-FREE GRAVITY AND STANDARD MODEL". Modern Physics Letters A 27, nr 22 (18.07.2012): 1250131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732312501313.

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This paper presents a new higher derivative gravity which in spontaneous breaking electroweak symmetry state does not have ghost in gravity sector. We show that Newton constant of the gravity and dark energy density depend on the fundamental TeV scale and the coupling constant at the quadratic curvature term. We consider the supersymmetric extension of this model.

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Okhotnikov, Alexander, Muhammad Imtiaz Subhani, Shatila Khodor i Denis Ushakov. "Gravity model and Pakistan - China Trade". E3S Web of Conferences 258 (2021): 06036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125806036.

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Pakistan being an important ally of the war against terror paying huge price of not merely of innocent lives of people but huge monetary losses in many sectors of economy, one lucrative sector is international trade. Pakistan’s export potential has undergone strenuous pressures to perform according to the past performance. There was a need to reveal new export potential and lucrative sectors of economy with recommended policy changes so that new paradigm change in international trade can be initiated. This empirical study carried to meet the objective in which gravity model is used for investigating the bilateral trade between Pakistan and China. This model is being used extensively by the researchers worldwide to make predictions about volume of international trade to suggest the policy changes in international trade management. The findings confirm that the tariff rates significantly and negatively affects the Export Volume from Pakistan to China as t-stats > 1.5 which results the trade deficit to be increased, while the affinity (i.e. bilateral visits of people of Pakistan and China to each other countries, bilateral dialogues between China and Pakistan, Social integrations programs between China and Pakistan etc.) between China and Pakistan and Geography (i.e. the trading countries are both in Asia with the connected borders) significantly and positively affects the Export Volume from Pakistan to China as t-stats > 1.5, thus the trade deficit is reduced due to stated affinity and geography. The large value of F-stats also reports that the relationships of export volume from Pakistan to China with all outlined stated explanatory variables/ predictors (i.e. the gravity model for bilateral trade between Pakistan and China) will remain alive for longer period of time in future.

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Sejdini, Abdulmenaf, i Ilirjana Kraja. "International Trade of Albania. Gravity Model". European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 2, nr 1 (30.12.2014): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v2i1.p220-228.

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Today we live in a world where such economic globalization and technological developments have created many advantages but also shortcomings regarding social and economic development of different countries of the world. Since the beginning of the transition until the trade regime now, our country has undergone profound changes. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to see the major development steps of international trade in Albania over the years and look at the key factors that have contributed to it. The paper provides some theoretical and empirical considerations regarding trade development with the focus on export-imports in our country in relation to the Free Trade Agreements, as these have affected Albania's international trade. Specifically, it offers an application of the Gravity Model of Trade for Albanian case in relation to its 27 export/import countries. The findings from the model application result in stable trade flows for Albania.

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Raitio, Risto. "Preon Model, Knot Algebra and Gravity". OALib 04, nr 02 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1103432.

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Host, Alen, Helga Pavlić Skender i Petra Adelajda Zaninović. "Trade Logistics – the Gravity Model Approach". Zbornik radova Ekonomskog fakulteta u Rijeci: časopis za ekonomsku teoriju i praksu/Proceedings of Rijeka Faculty of Economics: Journal of Economics and Business 37, nr 1 (28.06.2019): 327–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18045/zbefri.2019.1.327.

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Kim, Jihn E. "Gravity wave and model-independent axion". Journal of the Korean Physical Society 71, nr 3 (sierpień 2017): 127–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/jkps.71.127.

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Choisuren, Bayarsaikhan, i Itgel Bayarsaikhan. "New aether sink model for gravity". Physics Essays 26, nr 2 (czerwiec 2013): 196–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-26.2.196.

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Neuman, C. H. "A Gravity Override Model of Steamdrive". Journal of Petroleum Technology 37, nr 01 (1.01.1985): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/13348-pa.

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Kim, Seokyeon, Hanbyul Yeon i Yun Jang. "Spatiotemporal Data Visualization using Gravity Model". Journal of KIISE 43, nr 2 (15.02.2016): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5626/jok.2016.43.2.135.

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47

FIZIEV, P. P. "A MINIMAL MODEL FOR DILATONIC GRAVITY". Modern Physics Letters A 15, nr 32 (20.10.2000): 1977–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732300002553.

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We study a new minimal scalar–tensor model of gravity with Brans–Dicke factor ω(Φ)≡0 and cosmological factor Π(Φ). The constraints on Π(Φ) from known gravitational experiments are derived. We show that almost any time evolution of the scale factor in a homogeneous isotropic Universe can be obtained via a properly chosen Π(Φ) and discuss the general properties of models of this type.

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48

ZIZZI, PAOLA A. "A MINIMAL MODEL FOR QUANTUM GRAVITY". Modern Physics Letters A 20, nr 09 (21.03.2005): 645–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021773230501683x.

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We argue that the model of a quantum computer with N qubits on a quantum space background, which is a fuzzy sphere with n = 2N elementary cells, can be viewed as the minimal model for quantum gravity. In fact, it is discrete, has no free parameters, is Lorentz-invariant, naturally realizes the holographic principle, and defines a subset of punctures of spin networks' edges of loop quantum gravity labelled by spins j = 2N-1-½. In this model, the discrete area spectrum of the cells, which is not equally spaced, is given in units of the minimal area of loop quantum gravity (for j = 1/2), and provides a discrete emission spectrum for quantum black holes. When the black hole emits one string of N bits encoded in one of the n cells, its horizon area decreases of an amount equal to the area of one cell.

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Lueth, Erik, i Marta Ruiz-Arranz. "A Gravity Model of Workers' Remittances". IMF Working Papers 06, nr 290 (2006): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451865509.001.

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50

OHSAWA, Yoshiaki, i Toshimitsu HAYASHI. "CONVENIENT POSITION-VALUE AND GRAVITY MODEL". Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ) 74, nr 640 (2009): 1395–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aija.74.1395.

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