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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Graphite Technique"

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Yürüm, Yuda, Burcu Saner Okan, Firuze Okyay, Alp Yürüm, Fatma Dinç, Neylan Görgülü i Selmiye Alkan Gürsel. "An Improved Technique for the Exfoliation of Graphene Nanosheets and Utilization of their Nanocomposites as Fuel Cell Electrodes". Key Engineering Materials 543 (marzec 2013): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.543.9.

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Graphene is a flat monolayer of carbon atoms tightly packed into a two-dimensional 2D honeycomb lattice. The graphene sheets in graphite interact with each other through van der Waals forces to form layered structure. The first graphene sheets were obtained by extracting monolayer sheets from the three-dimensional graphite using a technique called micromechanical cleavage in 2004 [. There are numerous attempts in the literature to produce monolayer graphene sheets by the treatment of graphite. The first work was conducted by Brodie in 1859 and GO was prepared by repeated treatment of Ceylon graphite with an oxidation mixture consisting of potassium chlorate and fuming nitric acid [. Then, in 1898, Staudenmaier produced graphite oxide (GO) by the oxidation of graphite in concentrated sulfuric acid and nitric acid with potassium chlorate [. However, this method was time consuming and hazardous. Hummers and Offeman found a rapid and safer method for the preparation of GO and in this method graphite was oxidized in water free mixture of sulfuric acid, sodium nitrate and potassium permanganate [.
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Misra, Shikhar, Nirmal Kumar Katiyar, Arvind Kumar, Saurav Goel i Krishanu Biswas. "Nanofabrication route to achieve sustainable production of next generation defect-free graphene: analysis and characterisation". Nanofabrication 6, nr 1 (1.01.2021): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanofab-2020-0101.

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Abstract In the past two decades, graphene has been one of the most studied materials due to its exceptional properties. The scalable route to cost-effective manufacture defect-free graphene has continued to remain a technical challenge. Intrinsically defect-free graphene changes its properties dramatically, and it is a challenging task to control the defects in graphene production using scaled-down subtractive manufacturing techniques. In this work, the exfoliation of graphite was investigated as a sustainable low-cost graphene manufacturing technique. The study made use of a simple domestic appliance e.g., a kitchen blender to churn graphene in wet conditions by mixing with N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). It was found that the centrifugal force-induced turbulent flow caused by the rotating blades exfoliates graphite flakes to form graphene. The technique is endowed with a high yield of defect-free graphene (0.3 g/h) and was deemed suitable to remove 10% fluoride content from the water and color absorption from fizzy drinks.
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Ishikawa, Makoto, Shu Kamiya, Shoji Yoshimoto, Masaru Suzuki, Daisuke Kuwahara, Naruo Sasaki i Kouji Miura. "Nanocomposite Materials of Alternately StackedC60Monolayer and Graphene". Journal of Nanomaterials 2010 (2010): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/891514.

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We synthesized the novel nanocomposite consisting alternately of a stacked single graphene sheet and aC60monolayer by using the graphite intercalation technique in which alkylamine molecules help intercalate largeC60molecules into the graphite. Moreover, it is found that the intercalatedC60molecules can rotate in between single graphene sheets by usingC13NMR measurements. This preparation method provides a general way for intercalating huge fullerene molecules into graphite, which will lead to promising materials with novel mechanical, physical, and electrical properties.
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Okan, Burcu Saner, Selmiye Alkan Gürsel i Yuda Yürüm. "Surface Modifications of Graphene-based Polymer Nanocomposites by Different Synthesis Techniques". MRS Proceedings 1451 (2012): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2012.1455.

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ABSTRACTWith the appropriate surface treatments, graphene sheets can be separated from graphite material and the layer-to-layer distance can be extended. In the present work, graphene nanosheets (GNS) were separated from graphite by an improved, safer and mild method including the steps of oxidation, thermal expansion, ultrasonic treatment and chemical reduction. For the production of advanced polymer nanocomposites, the distinguished properties of GNS were combined with the structural properties of conducting polypyrrole by the proposed simple and low-cost fabrication technique. The changes in surface morphologies and surface functional groups were estimated by controlling the polymer coating on graphite oxide (GO) sheets, expanded GO and GNS.
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Saranya, K., N. Sivasankar i A. Subramania. "Microwave-assisted exfoliation method to develop platinum-decorated graphene nanosheets as a low cost counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells". RSC Adv. 4, nr 68 (2014): 36226–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra05044d.

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Ilnicka, Anna, Malgorzata Skorupska, Piotr Kamedulski i Jerzy P. Lukaszewicz. "Electro-Exfoliation of Graphite to Graphene in an Aqueous Solution of Inorganic Salt and the Stabilization of Its Sponge Structure with Poly(Furfuryl Alcohol)". Nanomaterials 9, nr 7 (3.07.2019): 971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9070971.

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We demonstrate an accessible and effective technique for exfoliating graphite foil and graphite powder into graphene in a water solution of inorganic salt. In our research, we report an electrochemical cathodic exfoliation in an aqueous solution of Na2SO4. After electro-exfoliation, the resulting graphene was premixed with furfuryl alcohol (FA) and an inorganic template (CaCO3 and Na2CO3). Once FA was polymerized to poly(furfuryl alcohol) (PFA), the mixture was carbonized. Carbon bridges originating in thermally-decomposed PFA joined exfoliated graphene flakes and stabilized the whole sponge-type structure after the nano-template was removed. Gases evolved at the graphite electrode (cathode) played an important role in the process of graphene-flake splitting and accelerated the change of graphite into graphene flakes. Starting graphite materials and graphene sponges were characterized using Raman spectroscopy, SEM, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), elemental analysis, and low-temperature adsorption of nitrogen to determine their structure, morphology, and chemical composition. The discovered manufacturing protocol had a positive influence on the specific surface area and porosity of the sponges. The SEM and HRTEM studies confirmed a high separation degree of graphite and different agglomeration pathways. Raman spectra were analyzed with particular focus on the intensities of ID and IG peaks; the graphene-type nature of the sponges was confirmed.
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Aguilera Mandujano, A., i J. Serrato Rodriguez. "Synthesis and characterization of titania/graphene nanocomposite for application in photocatalysis". Revista Mexicana de Física 66, nr 5 Sept-Oct (1.09.2020): 610. http://dx.doi.org/10.31349/revmexfis.66.610.

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Titanium dioxide has been extensively investigated as a photocatalyst for water purification, presenting limitations such as recombination of electron-hole pairs generated by photons. The titania / graphene nanocomposites are promising materials to overcome these limitations due to the high specific area of graphene and unique electronic properties. In this work, an anatase-graphene nanocomposite was synthesized by a simple mixture assisted by ultrasound. Graphene was obtained by electrochemical exfoliation of graphite using the electrolysis technique. On the other hand, anatase was synthesized using the sol gel method. The obtained graphene, anatase and the nanocomposite material, were characterized with the X-ray diffraction technique (DRX), scanning electron microscopy (MEB) and transmission electron microscopy (MET). Using Raman spectroscopy, it was possible to verify that the graphite exfoliated correctly producing few layer-graphene. The lamellar nano-structure of the exfoliated graphite has crystallographic planes characteristic of graphite, graphene and graphene oxide. The presence of the anatase phase is shown in the diffraction spectrum of titania. The images obtained with SEM and TEM of the graphene sample show a layered lamellar structure and the TiO2 images show agglomerates of ellipsoidal nanoparticles. Obtained titania nanoparticles have a size of about 6 nm. Band gap value for such extremely low particle size nanocomposite is around 3.6 eV and presumably corresponds to the TiO2 (anatase) phase that completely surrounds the graphene. A nanocomposite model based on HRTEM observations is proposed. Considering the graphene electrical properties and the photocatalytic properties of TiO2, this nanocomposite promises to have applications in photocatalysis.
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Patil, Rohan, Manisha Phadatare, Jonas Örtegren, Magnus Hummelgård, Nicklas Blomquist, Håkan Olin, Santosh Limaye i in. "A Scalable Furnace Technique to Grow Silicon Nanoparticles for High-Performance Li-Ion Battery Anodes". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, nr 2 (22.12.2023): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-022425mtgabs.

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Lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology is one of the key technologies to lower the emission from fossil fuel while maintaining stable supply of energy to the society. One way to increase the capacity of LIBs is to add silicon to the graphite anode, since silicon can store much more lithium ions than graphite. Silicon does however expand and contract during lithiation and delithiation, leading to cracks which deteriorates the performance of the LIB anode. Mechanical cracking can be avoided by using sufficiently small silicon nanoparticles. Several high-performance schemes utilizing silicon nano materials such as nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanorods etc. have been demonstrated but industrial-scale implementation of these solutions still poses a challenge. The Siemens process is one of the most commonly used methods to create silicon nanoparticles and uses chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes involving silane or silane derivatives as precursors. Due to the flammable and toxic nature of silane, the CVD process requires special handling care and expensive instrumentation. In this work, a novel scalable furnace technique to create silicon nanoparticles attached to graphene flakes LIB anode applications is presented. With this technique, we can avoid the silane precursor. In addition, the instrumentation requirements of the furnace technique are quite simple and inexpensive and the technology is compatible with already established industrial-scale electrode manufacturing techniques. In the work presented here we demonstrate how silicon nanoparticles are grown from micro sized silicon powder onto graphene flakes using simple thermal treatment. Thermal gravitometry, mass spectrometry and differential scanning calorimetry was used to show how silicon powder and a binder can be converted to silicon nanoparticles by simple pyrolysis. The silicon nanoparticles are grown on top of graphene flakes to create a LIB anode. The anode, when tested in a half cell assembly shows a capacity that is considerably higher than standard graphene/graphite electrodes.
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Chaban, Vitaly V., i Eudes Eterno Fileti. "Graphene exfoliation in ionic liquids: unified methodology". RSC Advances 5, nr 99 (2015): 81229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra16857k.

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Rubanik, V. V., V. O. Savitsky, V. V. jr Rubanik, V. F. Lutsko, I. V. Nikiforova, Hung Thang Bui i Dinh Phuong Doan. "OBTAINING GRAPHENE STRUCTURES AND NANOPOLYMERS USING ULTRASONIC VIBRATIONS". Vektor nauki Tol'yattinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, nr 3 (2021): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18323/2073-5073-2021-3-74-83.

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Graphene-based polymer nanocomposites are considered a promising class of future materials. The degree of filling, the filler and binder nature, and the shape, size, and mutual arrangement of filler particles determine the properties of a polymer composite material. The destruction of nanoparticles aggregates occurs most effectively in liquid media under the action of ultrasonic vibrations. The authors proposed the technique and designed laboratory equipment for ultrasonic treatment of the finely-dispersed graphite suspension, carried out the ultrasonic treatment (UST) of finely-dispersed graphite powder. The suspensions based on graphite with a solvent were obtained. The authors carried out the experiments on producing graphene using the graphite liquid-phase exfoliation method at the ultrasonic treatment with different ultrasonic treatment times, analyzed experimental data, and selected the UST optimal time. The paper contains the results of the study of the effect of the graphite suspension base on the degree of ultrasonic liquid-phase exfoliation of graphite. The most effective synthesis of graphene structures using UST is synthesis from graphite suspensions based on dichloroethane, benzol, and dichlorobenzene. Graphene structures’ output ratio amounts to up to 66 %. The authors developed the technology for producing polymers modified with graphene structures using ultrasonic dispersion. Based on graphene synthesized by the graphite liquid-phase exfoliation, the authors obtained nanopolymers using ultrasonic vibrations, carried out DSC measurements, and studied their strength properties. The limit strength of elastic polymers is from 1.9 to 3.6 MPa at different concentrations of graphene inclusions. The residual elongation of samples within the deviation did not change and amounted to 200 %.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Graphite Technique"

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Kandah, Munther. "Droplets generation mechanisms by graphite cathodes in the vacuum arc deposition technique". Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69702.

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The most severe problem for the vacuum arc deposition (VAD) technique is the formation of micron-size particles on the films. These particles degrade the films' properties. The present work studied the generation mechanisms and characteristics of the droplets that are produced in the carbon films deposited by vacuum arc technique. To achieve a better control of the generation mechanism of these droplets, the effect of the arc current, arc duration time, cathode spot temperature and distance between cathode and substrate on the size and population of the micro-droplets are studied.
The micro-droplets are in the range of 0.3 $ mu$m to 2 $ mu$m in diameter, and have a graphite structure. The most probable origin for these particles are the cathode. The size and population of these particles are directly proportional to the cathode spot temperature (i.e., to the arc current and/or arc duration time), and inversely proportional to the distance between the cathode and the substrate. The droplet production is mainly due to the heating effect.
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Ogden, Andrea L. "The development and evaluation of an alternative powder prepregging technique for use with larc-tpi/graphite composites". Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10222009-125042/.

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Elmabrouk, Omar Mustafa. "An Investigation Of Compacted Graphite Cast Iron Production By Means Of Thermal Analysis Technique And Other Process Control Windows". Phd thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12608096/index.pdf.

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ABSTRACT AN INVESTIGATION OF COMPACTED GRAPHITE IRON PRODUCTION BY MEANS OF THERMAL ANALYSIS TECHNIQUE AND OTHER PROCESS CONTROL WINDOWS El-mabrouk, Omar PhD, Metallurgical and Material Engineering Department Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Ali Kalkanli January 2007, 123 pages Compacted graphite irons have been proved valuable in many applications such as exhaust manifolds, hydraulic valves, and diesel engine blocks, the process of producing compacted graphite irons is not a straight forward process because of its narrow processing windows and its high sensitivity to the section thickness, treatment reaction time, pouring temperatures and charge composition. In this thesis, compacted graphite was produced with minimum variations through all section thickness and the effect of Mg/S ratio, section thickness, and treatment agents on the graphite morphology, electrical resistivity property and fracture strength at high temperatures was investigated. The range of Mg/S ratio and the section thickness was from 2/3 to 7/1 and 5 mm to 40 mm respectively. FeSiMg and FeSiMg cermish metal were used as a treatment agent. Optical metallographic method was implemented to investigate the graphite morphology change. For being a distinguishable characteristic for compacted graphite iron over ductile iron, thermal conductivity changes at high temperatures ranging from room temperature to 500 0C was examined by a suitable electrical setup in the manner of electrical conductivity changes by measuring the electrical resistance. On the other hand, due to the higher values of mechanical properties of compacted graphite iron over those of gray iron, tensile strength was also examined by means of tensile test. The relation between the compacted graphite shape and the alloy properties such as fracture strength and thermal conductivity was investigated. The most important controlling parameters to produce compacted graphite are Mg/S ratio and oxygen activity. The relation between these parameters with both fracture strength and thermal conductivity was established by means of multiple regression analysis technique.
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Chen, Zhichao. "Fabrication and research of 3D complex scaffolds for bone tissue engineering based on extrusion-deposition technique". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2017. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/27522.

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Fabrication of scaffold is the key for bone tissue engineering, which is commonly regarded as the most potential route for repairing bone defects. Previously, porous ceramic scaffolds were fabricated through a variety of traditional methods, like moulding and casting, but most of them cannot produce customised tissue-engineered scaffolds. Therefore, 3D printing methods are gaining more attention and are currently being explored and developed to make scaffolds with acceptable biocompatibility. With the considerable development of bone tissue engineering, the bioactivity of scaffolds is becoming increasingly demanded, which leads to new methods and techniques to produce highly biomimetic bone scaffolds. In this study, a new fabrication process to optimise the structures of scaffolds was developed, and intensive researches were performed on the porous scaffolds to confirm their advantages in biological performance. Specifically, by combination of motor assisted extrusion deposition and gas-foaming (graphite as the porogen) technique, hierarchically porous scaffolds with improved microstructures, i.e. multi-scaled pores from nanometre to millimetre (nm-μm-mm), was successfully developed. In this thesis, the optimal content of porogen for scaffolds was studied in terms of compressive strength and in-rod porosities. The most concerned physicochemical properties of scaffolds were carefully examined and the results revealed that such scaffolds exhibit excellent physicochemical properties owing to hierarchically porous structures. Due to additional in-rod micropores and increased specific surface area, along with better hydrophilicity, hierarchically porous scaffolds exerted complete superiority in biological activity, including promoting cellular proliferation of osteoblasts, adhesion and spreading status, as well as the ability to induce cellular differentiation.
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Rosie, Kathryn A. "A method for in situ SEM fracture studies of brittle materials using the double torsion technique : application to nuclear graphite". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11099.

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This work concerned the design and development of a miniature double torsion (DT) testing rig, for use inside the chamber of a scanning electron microscope, to perform in situ loading studies of brittle materials using the DT fracture mechanics specimen. The in situ performance of the system inside the SEM was highly satisfactory, while still providing free rotation of the attached stepper motor. Crack growth rates of down to 19nm/s were directly observed in PMMA specimens. It was concluded that the technique displayed merit in its ability to contribute to the knowledge base of slow cracking and damage development in brittle materials, with the advantage being that the gearing ratios of the current device resulted in slower specimen loading rates, which were more controlled, than reported previously.
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Omidvar, Hamid. "Films composites de nickel et de cuivre à base de graphite et PTFE, élaborés par la technique de dépôt chimique dynamique". Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2006. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T2037_homidvar.pdf.

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Le procédé de dépôt chimique dynamique est une technique nouvelle qui consiste à métalliser un substrat en projetant simultanément par un aérosol, 2 phases aqueuses dispersées ; l’une contenant un réducteur l’autre un ou plusieurs sels métalliques. Le mélange de ces deux solutions forme un film liquide thermodynamiquement instable. La réaction d’oxydo réduction se déclenche alors à la surface du substrat. Des films de nickel-bore ou de cuivre sont ainsi réalisés, à température ambiante. Ce travail montre la faisabilité d’élaborer par cette technique, des films composites de NiB, NiBP et de cuivre incorporant des micro ou nano particules de graphite ou de PTFE. Les résultats présentés dans ce mémoire concernent d’une part, les caractéristiques d’élaboration (composition des solutions, cinétique de croissance est de 6µmh-1…) de films composites NiB avec graphite ou PTFE, de ternaire NiBP avec graphite ou PTFE, et des films de cuivre-graphite et cuivre-PTFE. D’autre part, nous présentons les résultats concernant les taux d’incorporation des particules dans les matrices métalliques et qui peuvent atteindre, pour le graphite et le PTFE, respectivement, en moyenne 12% et 24%. Ces films fonctionnels possèdent des coefficients de frottement de l’ordre de 0. 1. Avec des films minces de 2µm d’épaisseur, il est possible de réaliser pour les films composites NiB et NiBP, des lubrifiants solides et,dans le cas d’un film composite de cuivre, un film fonctionnel anti-usure
The technique of dynamic chemical plating is a new method which consists in direct metallization of a substrate. This technique is based on projection of a reducing agent and of a metal salts at the same time but separately onto a conductor or non-conductor substrate. Thus a very thin liquid film is formed and is adsorbed on the surface. This film, containing the active species, is also thermodynamically unstable which means that the oxidation-reduction reaction will occur spontaneously onto the substrate. The NiB and the Copper dynamic deposition were elaborated at room temperature. This work consists of the realization and caracterization of Ni and Cu composite coatings by this technique. This research outlines the development of the codeposition of micro or nano particles of graphite or PTFE in the NiB, NiBP and Cu matrix. The deposition rate under the optimum operating conditions is approximately 6 µmh-1, while the amount of the graphite and PTFE codeposited are about 12% and 24%, respectively. The coefficient of friction of these composites was determined by about 0. 1. With regard to the low coefficient of friction, it is possible to realize the thin films of NiB and NiBP composite with the thickness of 2µm for the applications of the solid lubricants on the one hand and the copper composite coating in order to the anti-wear functional films on the other hand
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Sabourdy, Claire. "Exploitation d'une technique d'analyse électrochimique, la voltampérométrie cyclique sur électrode à poudre de graphite, pour la détection de composés électroactifs normaux ou pathologiques dans les liquides biologiques". Paris 12, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA120032.

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La voltammetrie cyclique sur electrode a poudre de graphite, ou micro-electrolyse capillaire repetitive, permet de reveler en une seule operation et sans separation prealable un nombre important de composes electroactifs, principalement aromatiques, excretes dans les liquides biologiques. Les traces obtenus se presentent sous la forme d'une succession de pics dont les potentiels et amplitudes sont caracteristiques de la composition du milieu analyse. L'etude du comportement electrochimique de plus de soixante composes phenoliques, indoliques, puriques ou pteridiniques d'interet biologique pris separement en milieu electrolytique de fond, completee par celle de l'effet d'ajouts doses de ces composes aux liquides biologiques consideres a permis d'affiner et de completer l'identification de la plupart des pics presents sur les traces voltamperometriques releves a partir d'echantillons d'urines reputees normales ou de liquide cephalo-rachidien. Des modifications des traces ainsi definis apparaissent lors de l'excretion de medicaments aromatiques varies, de leurs catabolites, ou de composes endogenes anormaux caracteristiques de certaines pathologies. La methode analytique a ete exploitee en cancerologie, pour le suivi de l'excretion urinaire de l'acide folinique et de son principal metabolite, l'acide 5-methyltetrahydrofolique, apres administration orale ou intraveineuse de la substance pharmaceutique. Elle a egalement permis la detection d'un compose endogene nephrotoxique, la 2,8-dihydroxyadenine, excrete massivement dans les urines d'un patient au cours d'une cure de chimiotherapie comportant des derives du platine. L'emploi de cette technique a egalement permis la mise en evidence d'un marqueur urinaire non encore identifie, commun aux demences degeneratives humaines (demence de type alzheimer, demence mixte et maladie de pick) et aux encephalopathies spongiformes humaines (maladie de creutzfeldt-jakob) et animales (tremblante du mouton et encephalopathie spongiforme bovine)
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Barabanova, Liudmyla. "Frictional Anisotropy of Graphene and Graphene Based Materials". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1461941753.

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Glad, Xavier. "Synthèse et étude de la formation de pyramides et cônes de graphite par gravure en plasma radiofréquence argon/hydrogène". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0127/document.

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Le carbone présente de nombreuses formes allotropiques, dont le graphite, qui possède une large variété de formes géométriques d'intérêt pour l'industrie. Ce travail de thèse a permis la synthèse d'une nouvelle de ces formes: les pyramides hexagonales. Ces cristaux submicroniques sont créés à partir de substrats de graphite par gravure en plasma radiofréquence (rf) Ar/H2 basse pression. Pour comprendre la formation de ces nouveaux cristaux, la caractérisation des plasmas a été effectuée par sondes de Langmuir et absorption résonante laser afin de vérifier la température de surface et d'estimer les flux et énergies des ions. L'évolution temporelle de la gravure a été directement observée en microscopie électronique à balayage (MEB). La gravure chimique (Ar/H2) a formé des cônes de graphite à hélices dont les paramètres cristallins et une amorphisation de surface, due à l'hydrogène, ont été révélés par microscopie électronique en transmission (MET). La vitesse de gravure et l'état de surface montrent, en fonction du mélange, une zone de transition caractérisée par l'absence de structures. La gravure physique (Ar pur) conduit à la création des pyramides hexagonales de graphite. Un modèle de formation de ces cristaux a pu être proposé grâce à une bonne connaissance des différentes conditions plasma et des études poussées de microscopies électroniques sur plusieurs types de substrats. Les analyses MET haute résolution ont montré des boucles fermant les plans de bord du cristal et liées à sa formation. Nous avons également maîtrisé l'état de surface des substrats de graphite hautement orienté (HOPG) en créant une densité homogène de pyramides dont la taille peut être contrôlée
Carbon occurs as many different allotropic forms. One in particular, graphite, exhibits a remarkable variety of geometrical configurations largely used in industrial applications. This work permitted the synthesis of a novel crystalline form: the hexagonal-pyramidal graphite hillocks. These submicronic structures are created from graphite substrates by low pressure Ar/H2 radiofrequency (rf) plasma etching. In order to understand the formation of these new crystals, plasma characterization has been carried out by Langmuir probes and laser absorption spectroscopy to check the surface temperature and estimate the ion fluxes and energies. Etching kinetics has been directly observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Chemical etching processes in pure hydrogen resulted in the creation of helical graphite cones whose crystal parameters and surface amorphisation have been revealed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The etching rate and surface topography as function of the gas mixture show a transition where no structures are created. The physical etching in pure argon creates hexagonal-pyramidal graphite hillocks. A formation model of these crystals has been proposed owing to a good knowledge of the different plasma conditions and thorough electron microscopy studies on two kinds of substrates. High resolution MET analyses showed graphene loops closing the edges planes along the crystal facets and related to the structure’s formation. We also showed the texturing of the surface of highly ordered graphite (HOPG) by creating a high and homogeneous density of crystals whose size may be controlled
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Booyens, Johann Grebe. "The software ideated plate : towards designing a new relationship of integration between digital technology and the intaglio process". Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1329.

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Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology: Graphic Design in the Faculty of Informatics and Design at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology
This study investigates the application and use of the latest graphic design software technologies to help plan and ideate the intaglio printmaking process. This is significant as intaglio is a 600 year old process which has evolved little, if any, in the last few hundred years although it was born from technology. Furthermore, the intaglio process relies on mental visualisation of the final artwork, making the real outcome and the planned outcome dissimilar. Students of intaglio printmaking are often surprised or disappointed by the printed result due to the lack of efficient planning. There are several ways in which software influences the creative process, including enhancing visualisation and communication, premature fixation, circumscribed thinking and bounded ideation. In this research, computer software is used as a simulator to facilitate the planning process in order to minimise the disconnect between visualisation and outcome, and serve as learning instrument. The use of digital computer technologies has been a highly debated issue in printmaking as there exists a rift between printmakers; those who embrace and explore new technologies and those who reject new methods in favour of traditional means. New technologies in printmaking offer exciting opportunities, both innovative and creative, but these new technologies are often seen as alternative or auxiliary methods of printmaking compared to traditional ways. Since these debates have been buried but not necessarily resolved, this study reinvigorates some of these perspectives and seeks a common middle ground. This study does not argue for, or against computer technology, but rather for a third paradigm: technology can coexist with intaglio without compromising the beauty and authenticity of hand processes. Computer technologies, therefore, serve as a facilitator to amplify the traditional intaglio hand process. However, the issue of discussion in this thesis is not hybrid printmaking but rather a hybrid mode of thinking in the printmaking discipline. This iterative design experiment consists of a written dissertation and intaglio printed artworks which inform and complement each other. The theoretical foundation of the art practice is found in the Bauhaus slogan: “Art and technology: a new unity”. Art and technology form the basis of the theory and the theme of entropy – the process of degeneration – is illustrated in the design artefacts. This theme shows process and illustrates the idea of a positive agent: the interference of computer in intaglio to instil new energy and value not only to keep it alive, but position it as an important skill necessary for growth in the knowledge-based economy. Furthermore, this study contributes to the scholarly discussion of design’s conceptual skills (ways of thinking) in order to enhance production capabilities (ways of making).
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Książki na temat "Graphite Technique"

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D, Perry William, i United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., red. Hot filament technique for measuring the thermal conductivity of molten lithium fluoride. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1990.

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L, Ogden Andrea, i United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., red. The Development and evaluation of an alternative powder prepregging technique for use with LaRC-TPI/Graphite composites. Blacksburg, Va: Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1991.

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Rogers, David F., i Rae A. Earnshaw, red. Computer Graphics Techniques. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4472-1.

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Rogers, David F., i Rae A. Earnshaw, red. Techniques for Computer Graphics. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8713-8.

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Wickham-Jones, Tom. Mathematica graphics: Techniques & applications. Santa Clara, Calif: TELOS, The Electronic Library of Science, 1994.

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1937-, Rogers David F., Earnshaw Rae A. 1944-, International Summer Institute on the State of the Art in Computer Graphics, British Computer Society. Computer Graphics and Displays Group. i Computer Graphics Society, red. Techniques for computer graphics. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1987.

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Wickham-Jones, Tom. Mathematica graphics: Techniques & applications. Santa Clara, Calif: TELOS, 1994.

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Kentie, Peter. Web graphics tools and techniques. Berkeley, CA: Peachpit Press, 1997.

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Callery, Michael. Apple graphics: Tools and techniques. Englewood CLiffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1986.

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Crabe, Geneviéve. Microsoft graphics techniques for multimedia. Boston: AP Professional, 1996.

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Części książek na temat "Graphite Technique"

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H S, Desai Gowda, Mukunda P G i Mervin A. Herbert. "Effect of Centrifugal and Gravity Casting Technique over Metallographic and Mechanical Properties of Spheroidal Graphite Iron". W Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials 2013, 29–36. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118659045.ch4.

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Choi, K. S., Y. Choi, Bong Goo Kim i Y. W. Lee. "Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Graphite Layers on a Nuclear Fuel Particle by Kinetic Nano-Indentation Technique". W The Mechanical Behavior of Materials X, 1177–80. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-440-5.1177.

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Eremenko, Arkadiy, Il'ya Kurochkin i Nataliya Nechaeva. "Bioanalytical systems based on cholinesterases for detection of organophosphates". W ORGANOPHOSPHORUS NEUROTOXINS, 205–18. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/32_205-218.

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Various types of electrochemical sensors based on the inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) have been presented for the analysis of organophosphates (OPC). A special design of thick film sensors and electrochemical detector for cholinesterases assay and their inhibitors in aqueous samples has been developed. For this assay, thiol sensitive sensors based on screen printed graphite electrode modified with nanoparticles of manganese dioxide were used. High sensitivity of manganese dioxide modified thick film sensors towards thiocholine and therefore low detection limit of BChE (1 pM) enabled their use for subnanomolar detection of an organophosphate pesticide diazinon, and other irreversible inhibitors of BChE. This work also presents modern innovative approach for the analysis of BChE by Raman spectroscopy. New SERS-substrates based on silver paste for sensitive quantification of BChE activity were obtained, characterized and applied to thiocholine detection, with LOD (TCh) being 260 nM. Real samples of human plasma were analyzed; a good correlation between spectrophotometric detection and Raman detection was shown. The developed technique is inexpensive and easy-to-use and has promising potential for analysis of OPC.
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Eremenko, Arkadiy, Il'ya Kurochkin i Nataliya Nechaeva. "Bioanalytical systems based on cholinesterases for detection of organophosphates". W Organophosphorous Neurotoxins, 0. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/chapter_5e4132b6096d14.18045940.

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Various types of electrochemical sensors based on the inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) have been presented for the analysis of organophosphates (OPC). A special design of thick film sensors and electrochemical detector for cholinesterases assay and their inhibitors in aqueous samples has been developed. For this assay, thiol sensitive sensors based on screen printed graphite electrode modified with nanoparticles of manganese dioxide were used. High sensitivity of manganese dioxide modified thick film sensors towards thiocholine and therefore low detection limit of BChE (1 pM) enabled their use for subnanomolar detection of an organophosphate pesticide diazinon, and other irreversible inhibitors of BChE. This work also presents modern innovative approach for the analysis of BChE by Raman spectroscopy. New SERS-substrates based on silver paste for sensitive quantification of BChE activity were obtained, characterized and applied to thiocholine detection, with LOD (TCh) being 260 nM. Real samples of human plasma were analyzed; a good correlation between spectrophotometric detection and Raman detection was shown. The developed technique is inexpensive and easy-to-use and has promising potential for analysis of OPC.
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Eigler, Siegfried, i Ayrat M. Dimiev. "Characterization Techniques". W Graphene Oxide, 85–120. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119069447.ch3.

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Lladós, Josep, i Marçal Rusiñol. "Graphics Recognition Techniques". W Handbook of Document Image Processing and Recognition, 489–521. London: Springer London, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-859-1_18.

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Sasaki, Mutsuko K., i Tateaki Sasaki. "Techniques in Computer Art". W Computer Graphics, 311–19. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68030-7_21.

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Fuchs, Henry. "VLSI for Graphics". W Techniques for Computer Graphics, 281–94. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8713-8_12.

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Pfaff, Günther E. "Standardization in Computer Graphics". W Computer Graphics Techniques, 475–516. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4472-1_13.

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Gardan, Yvon, i Michel Lucas. "Visualization techniques". W Interactive Graphics in CAD, 127–64. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5578-3_5.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Graphite Technique"

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Nakhodchi, Soheil, Peter E. J. Flewitt, Chris Truman i David J. Smith. "Measurement of Internal Strains in Graphite Using the Deep Hole Drilling Technique". W ASME 2008 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2008-61349.

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Currently, measurement of internal strains deep inside graphite is extremely difficult. As a consequence there is a need to assess the ability of a deep-hole drilling (DHD) method to measure internal strains in reactor core graphite and explore the potential for in-situ measurement. DHD technique is a semi-destructive method for measurement of the through thickness residual stresses. The technique previously has been applied successfully to metallic and composite materials. In this paper, the method for stress measurement in graphite is examined particularly when a significant volume fraction of porosity is present. Two types of graphite were used, PGA and PG25 filter graphite. In PGA graphite the Young’s modulus of elasticity was orientation dependent. As a consequence samples were cut from blocks in two directions. PG25 filter graphite is a surrogate for service exposed material. Known loads were applied to graphite beam samples and the DHD method was used to measure the stress/strain profile through the material. The results were compared with the strain data obtained from strain gauges bonded to the samples. Overall, there was an excellent agreement between the DHD measured stress/strain and applied stress. It is shown that deep-hole drilling technique can measure linear stress distributions in graphite.
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Yamada, Yutaka, Tatsuya Ikuta, Takashi Nishiyama, Koji Takahashi i Yasuyuki Takata. "Submicron-Scale Condensation on Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Surfaces". W ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-66186.

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Condensation heat transfer is a widely-used technique for industrial applications represented by heat exchanger because of its high heat transfer coefficient. To enhance its performance, a suitable surface is required, where both condensation and droplet removal smoothly occur. In this study, we compared wettability of a graphene surface and an amorphous carbon surface. The result shows that an amorphous carbon surface is more hydrophilic. Then we prepared a graphite surface which has nanoscale hydrophilic regions in large hydrophobic area. We observed the submicron-scale droplet condensation occurs preferentially on the hydrophilic graphite step by using environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM).
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Kumar, Kitu, Onejae Sul, Yao-Tsan Tsai, Daniel Choi, M. G. Prasad, Frank Fisher, Stefan Strauf i E. H. Yang. "Nanoscale Graphene and Carbon Nanotube Lithography Using an Atomic Force Microscope". W ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-10646.

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In this work, we demonstrate the use of a voltage-applied Atomic Force Microscopy (VAFM) local anodic oxidation nanolithography process to precisely fabricate small (<20 nm) structures from graphene and carbon nanotube material. These graphitic materials have exceptional electrical properties which give them a niche in emerging nanoelectronics applications requiring quantum structures. While several methods for nanoscale patterning of these materials exist, the VAFM nanolithography technique has lately been shown to address the fabrication issues of graphitic nanodevices on the order of tens of nanometers [1]. If the tip is raised sufficiently from the substrate, in high atmospheric humidity, a water meniscus forms between the two (Fig 1). Application of an appropriate electric field between the tip and substrate dissociates the H2O molecules into H+ and OH-. The H+ ions rush towards the negatively charged tip and the OH-ions gather near the positively substrate. The oxygen reacts with the carbon in the graphitic material to form volatile or nonvolatile carbon oxides depending on the voltage applied. This oxidation, coupled with the x-y scanning capability of the AFM allows for thin structure patterning ability. Depending on such process parameters as applied voltage, pulse width, tip dimensions, contact force, and humidity, the oxidation of the graphitic material into carbon oxides enables the formation of insulating trenches or bumps to make any structure or morphology conceivable [2]. This technique can also be performed in the ambient environment, eliminating several fabrication steps, such as the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) processing required in conventional electron-beam lithography process. We have used the VAFM technique in preliminary studies to cut few layer graphene and “draw” insulating patterns on highly ordered pyrolyzed graphite (HOPG). A negative bias of 10V applied to the AFM tip with no feedback in a high humidity atmosphere created 0.5 nm deep trenches spaced 27 nm apart. Preliminary experiments have also been conducted on 50 nm diameter multi-walled carbon nanotubes. A negative bias of 5V to the AFM tip pulsed for 100 ms segmented the multi-walled nanotube at selected points. Single wall carbon nanotubes were grown using chemical vapor deposition. Graphene was mechanically exfoliated and prepared using methods described elsewhere [3] on 300 nm SiO2 on Si substrate. The samples were connected electrically to ground and placed in an AFM system (Pacific Nanotechnology NANO-I) with environmental control. The samples were imaged in contact mode with an electrically conductive sharp AFM tip after which humidity was raised to 40–45%. Once the humidity was sufficiently raised, the tip was raised from the desired location on either the Carbon nanotubes or graphene/graphite and feedback was turned off. Patterns were drawn by the tip in this configuration with applied tip voltage running anywhere from −5V to −10V. See Figs. 2 and 3 for results on graphene and carbon nanotubes. Currently, a parametric study on AFM lithography on graphene and carbon nanotubes is underway. By varying voltage, humidity, tip speed, dwell time, and tip-substrate distance, we will determine the optimal conditions required to accomplish precise patterning of graphene and controlled segmentation of carbon nanotubes. In conclusion, we have demonstrated a voltage-applied technique utilizing an atomic force microscope tip to pattern nanoscale features on graphitic materials. A systematic study on oxidation parameters is forthcoming.
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Sahoo, Trilochan, i In-Hwan Lee. "Growth of ZnO nanostructures on graphite-rod by hydrothermal technique". W FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Functional Materials (IWFM-2011). AIP, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4736888.

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Phan, Hoang-Phuong, Dzung Viet Dao, Toan Dinh, Harrison Brooke, Afzaal Qamar, Nam-Trung Nguyen i Yong Zhu. "Graphite-on-paper based tactile sensors using plastic laminating technique". W 2015 28th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/memsys.2015.7051086.

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Nesterov, V. N., D. S. Uvarov i A. N. Yurchenko. "Influence of Radiation-Stimulated Changing Thermophysical Properties on Reactor Graphite Resource". W 2005 International Conference Modern Technique and Technologies (MTT 2005). IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/spcmtt.2005.4493247.

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Quattlebaum, Gene J., i P. K. Raju. "Nondestructive Evaluation of Graphite/Aluminum Composites Using Acousto-Ultrasonics". W ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-1042.

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Abstract Acousto-ultrasonic (AU) is a nondestructive testing technique for evaluating composites and composite like materials. The name is based on the fact that advantages of the acoustic emission and ultrasonic testing techniques are combined in this NDE technique. In previous research, AU has been used to evaluate carbon/carbon and GFRP composite materials. The work reported in this paper uses Au to examine the adhesive bond strength of lap-jointed graphite/aluminum composite structures. The Stress Wave Factor (SWF), an AU parameter, was used to quantify the strengths of the two types of adhesives used in this research. Also, AU was used to identify delaminations present in the bond area. AU was used to see if the transverse tensile strength of these composites could be determined and to see if this NDE technique was sensitive to progressive damage. The results indicate that AU can be used to effectively identify the bond strength, the transverse tensile strength, and progression of damage in transverse specimens.
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Dong, Xiangming, Shibing Liu, Haiying Song i Song Liu. "Direct imprinting of few-layer graphene on amorphous graphite film by femtosecond laser direct write technique". W ICALEO® 2016: 35th International Congress on Applications of Lasers & Electro-Optics. Laser Institute of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.5119068.

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Kumari, Archana, i A. K. Chaudhary. "Study of metal and metal oxides in the matrix of graphite and Graphene using photoacoustic technique". W DAE SOLID STATE PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM 2019. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0016910.

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Xavier, Gauravi, Bhoomi Dave i Sakshum Khanna. "Supercritical fluid extraction of bi & multi-layer graphene sheets from graphite by using exfoliation technique". W INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NANOMATERIALS FOR ENERGY CONVERSION AND STORAGE APPLICATIONS: NECSA 2018. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5035229.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Graphite Technique"

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Searles, K., J. McCarthy i M. Kumosa. An Image Analysis Technique for Evaluating Internal Damage in Graphite/Polyimide Fabric Composites. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, marzec 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada329913.

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Пахомова, О. В. Using Scaffolding Strategy for Teaching Creative Writing. Маріупольський державний університет, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/2145.

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The article deals with scaffolding strategy for teaching creative writing in the English classroom. The importance of using the creative writing technique, which is an effective means of optimization and intensification of the process of foreign language study, for forming students' communicative competence in writing is highlighted. It is supposed that an elaborated scaffolding strategy might help lecturers to organize the educational process with maximum capacity and successful results. A variety of techniques such as intensive usage of graphic organizers ("Plan Think Sheet", "Mind-map", "Concept Map", "Clustering", "Spider Map", "Cycle", "Chain of Events", "Web"), "Teaching by Example", "Sentence Stem Completion" / "Close procedures", “Stream of Consciousness”, Genre scaffolding techniques are recommended to empower learners' creative abilities to write and express themselves on any topic using the wide range of writing techniques with the relevant structure and vocabulary.
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Contescu, Cristian I., i Timothy D. Burchell. Characterization of Porosity Development in Oxidized Graphite using Automated Image Analysis Techniques. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), wrzesień 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/970899.

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Бакум, З. П., i Л. О. Цвіркун. Activation of Cognitive Activity of Future Engineers During Graphical Training. Криворізький державний педагогічний університет, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/430.

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The article shows that graphic problems are powerful source and stimulating agent motivating the students for active cognitive and creative work during study of graphical disciplines; methods and techniques promoting the effectiveness of graphical preparation of future engineers, which are directed to both personality development and his further professional establishment, are suggested.
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Johnson, E. C., i J. P. Nokes. Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) Techniques Assessment for Graphite/Epoxy (Gr/Ep) Composite Overwrapped Pressure Vessels. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, październik 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada363261.

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Sakhare, Rahul Suryakant, Jairaj Desai, Jijo K. Mathew, John McGregor, Mischa Kachler i Darcy M. Bullock. Measuring and Visualizing Freeway Traffic Conditions: Using Connected Vehicle Data. Purdue University, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317751.

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Historically, a network of roadside sensors and cameras have been used to monitor freeway conditions. Although these systems are effective, they are typically not operational in and around work zones. Furthermore, it is often not financially viable to deploy in-road sensors and cameras in rural areas. Connected vehicle trajectory data has emerged as a viable source of data and provides a unique opportunity for monitoring freeways. This monograph describes how these connected vehicles can be used to directly measure queue lengths and travel times and this description is summarized in a graphical format easily used by agencies to make management decisions. Approximately 50 use cases are described to demonstrate these techniques under diverse conditions, such as lane reductions, short term closures, rolling slowdowns, work zone set up, work zone removal and inclement weather. A number of the use cases were selected from Indiana locations that had good ITS camera coverage to provide context-sensitive information to help the reader understand the graphics. In addition, several case studies are presented from selected states around the country to demonstrate the scalability of these techniques.
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Glasscott, Matthew, Johanna Jernberg, Erik Alberts i Lee Moores. Toward the electrochemical detection of 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), marzec 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43826.

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Analytical methods to rapidly detect explosive compounds with high precision are paramount for applications ranging from national security to environmental remediation. This report demonstrates two proof-of-concept electroanalytical methods for the quantification of 2,4-dinitroanisol (DNAN) and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN). For the first time, DNAN reduction was analyzed and compared at a bare graphitic carbon electrode, a polyaniline-modified (PANI) electrode, and a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) electrode utilizing PANI to explore the effect of surface-area and preconcentration affinity on the analytical response. Since some explosive compounds such as PETN are not appreciably soluble in water (<10 μg/L), necessitating a different solvent system to permit direct detection via electrochemical reduction. A 1,2-dichloroethane system was explored as a possibility by generating a liquid-liquid extraction-based sensor exploiting the immiscibility of 1,2-dichloroethane and water. The reduction process was explored using a scan rate analysis to extract a diffusion coefficient of 6.67 x 10⁻⁶ cm/s, in agreement with literature values for similarly structured nitrate esters. Once further refined, these techniques may be extended to other explosives and combined with portable electrochemical hardware to bring real-time chemical information to soldiers and citizens alike.
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Desai, Jairaj, Rahul Suryakant Sakhare Sakhare, Justin Mahlberg, Jijo K. Mathew, Howell Li i Darcy M. Bullock. Implementation of Enhanced Probe Data (CANBUS) for Tactical Workzone and Winter Operations Management. Purdue University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317643.

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For over a decade, segment-based probe data has been extensively used by transportation stakeholders for monitoring mobility on Indiana roadways. However, enhanced probe data from connected vehicles includes a richer dataset that can provide more detailed real-time and after-action reviews. This enhanced data includes detailed vehicle trajectories, at 3s resolution, and “event data.” This event data is near real-time and includes hard-braking events, hard-acceleration events, weather-related data, including wiper activations and some seat belt usage data. This project developed a set of methodologies and resulting visualizations that enables the use of emerging connected vehicle data in operational decision-making on work zone management and winter operations activities. Each month approximately 13 billion connected vehicle records are ingested for Indiana. During peak periods, approximately 625,000 records per minute are ingested. Without substantial processing, this large data set is “data-rich, information-poor.” This study developed techniques to rapidly assign relevant data to interstate segments so that visual graphics could be efficiently generated. This provided the ability for both real-time monitoring as well as after action assessment to identify opportunities to improve both work zone operations and winter operation activities. The summaries derived from these datasets have helped promote effective actionable dialog among agencies, contractors, and public safety colleagues towards the overarching goal of improving interstate safety and mobility.
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Rigotti, Christophe, i Mohand-Saïd Hacid. Representing and Reasoning on Conceptual Queries Over Image Databases. Aachen University of Technology, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.89.

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The problem of content management of multimedia data types (e.g., image, video, graphics) is becoming increasingly important with the development of advanced multimedia applications. Traditional database management systems are inadequate for the handling of such data types. They require new techniques for query formulation, retrieval, evaluation, and navigation. In this paper we develop a knowledge-based framework for modeling and retrieving image data by content. To represent the various aspects of an image object's characteristics, we propose a model which consists of three layers: (1) Feature and Content Layer, intended to contain image visual features such as contours, shapes,etc.; (2) Object Layer, which provides the (conceptual) content dimension of images; and (3) Schema Layer, which contains the structured abstractions of images, i.e., a general schema about the classes of objects represented in the object layer. We propose two abstract languages on the basis of description logics: one for describing knowledge of the object and schema layers, and the other, more expressive, for making queries. Queries can refer to the form dimension (i.e., information of the Feature and Content Layer) or to the content dimension (i.e., information of the Object Layer). These languages employ a variable free notation, and they are well suited for the design, verification and complexity analysis of algorithms. As the amount of information contained in the previous layers may be huge and operations performed at the Feature and Content Layer are time-consuming, resorting to the use of materialized views to process and optimize queries may be extremely useful. For that, we propose a formal framework for testing containment of a query in a view expressed in our query language. The algorithm we propose is sound and complete and relatively efficient.
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Rigotti, Christophe, i Mohand-Saïd Hacid. Representing and Reasoning on Conceptual Queries Over Image Databases. Aachen University of Technology, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.89.

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The problem of content management of multimedia data types (e.g., image, video, graphics) is becoming increasingly important with the development of advanced multimedia applications. Traditional database management systems are inadequate for the handling of such data types. They require new techniques for query formulation, retrieval, evaluation, and navigation. In this paper we develop a knowledge-based framework for modeling and retrieving image data by content. To represent the various aspects of an image object's characteristics, we propose a model which consists of three layers: (1) Feature and Content Layer, intended to contain image visual features such as contours, shapes,etc.; (2) Object Layer, which provides the (conceptual) content dimension of images; and (3) Schema Layer, which contains the structured abstractions of images, i.e., a general schema about the classes of objects represented in the object layer. We propose two abstract languages on the basis of description logics: one for describing knowledge of the object and schema layers, and the other, more expressive, for making queries. Queries can refer to the form dimension (i.e., information of the Feature and Content Layer) or to the content dimension (i.e., information of the Object Layer). These languages employ a variable free notation, and they are well suited for the design, verification and complexity analysis of algorithms. As the amount of information contained in the previous layers may be huge and operations performed at the Feature and Content Layer are time-consuming, resorting to the use of materialized views to process and optimize queries may be extremely useful. For that, we propose a formal framework for testing containment of a query in a view expressed in our query language. The algorithm we propose is sound and complete and relatively efficient.
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