Artykuły w czasopismach: „Graphene Oxide - Polymer Hybrid Systems”

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Plachá, Daniela, Alexandra Muñoz-Bonilla, Kateřina Škrlová, Coro Echeverria, Alberto Chiloeches, Martin Petr, Khalid Lafdi i Marta Fernández-García. "Antibacterial Character of Cationic Polymers Attached to Carbon-Based Nanomaterials". Nanomaterials 10, nr 6 (22.06.2020): 1218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10061218.

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The preparation of hybrid polymeric systems based on carbon derivatives with a cationic polymer is described. The polymer used is a copolymer of a quaternizable methacrylic monomer with another dopamine-based monomer capable of anchoring to carbon compounds. Graphene oxide and graphene as well as hybrid polymeric systems were widely characterized by infrared, Raman and photoemission X-ray spectroscopies, electron scanning microscopy, zeta potential and thermal degradation. These allowed confirming the attachment of copolymer onto carbonaceous materials. Besides, the antimicrobial activity of hybrid polymeric systems was tested against Gram positive Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis and Gram negative Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. The results showed the antibacterial character of these hybrid systems.

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Kosowska, Karolina, Patrycja Domalik-Pyzik, Małgorzata Krok-Borkowicz i Jan Chłopek. "Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan/Reduced Graphene Oxide Hybrid Composites". Materials 12, nr 13 (28.06.2019): 2077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12132077.

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Graphene family materials (GFM) are currently considered to be one of the most interesting nanomaterials with a wide range of application. They can also be used as modifiers of polymer matrices to develop composite materials with favorable properties. In this study, hybrid nanocomposites based on chitosan (CS) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were fabricated for potential use in bone tissue engineering. CS/rGO hydrogels were prepared by simultaneous reduction and composite formation in acetic acid or lactic acid and crosslinked with a natural agent—tannic acid (TAc). A broad spectrum of research methods was applied in order to thoroughly characterize both the components and the composite systems, i.e., X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, X-ray Diffractometry, Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, ninhydrin assay, mechanical testing, in vitro degradation and bioactivity study, wettability, and, finally, cytocompatibility. The composites formed through the self-assembly of CS chains and exfoliated rGO sheets. Obtained results allowed also to conclude that the type of solvent used impacts the polymer structure and its ability to interact with rGO sheets and the mechanical properties of the composites. Both rGO and TAc acted as crosslinkers of the polymer chains. This study shows that the developed materials demonstrate the potential for use in bone tissue engineering. The next step should be their detailed biological examinations.

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Arshadi-Rastabi, Shahrzad, Rasoul Sarraf-Mamoory, Ghadir Razaz, Nicklas Blomquist, Jonas Örtegren i Håkan Olin. "Porous NiMoO4-NrGO as a Battery-Like Electrode Material for Aqueous Hybrid Supercapacitors". Journal of Composites Science 7, nr 6 (26.05.2023): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs7060217.

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Recently, much research has investigated nanocomposites and their properties for the development of energy storage systems. Supercapacitor performance is usually enhanced by the use of porous electrode structures, which produce a larger surface area for reaction. In this work, a biocompatible polymer of starch medium was used to create the porous nanostructure. Two powders, i.e., Nickel molybdate/reduced graphene oxide (NiMoO4-rGO) and Nickel molybdate/nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (NiMoO4-NrGO), were synthesized using the deposition method in a medium containing starch, nickel nitrate salts, sodium molybdate, and graphene oxide powder. In terms of electrochemical performance, the NiMoO4-NrGO electrode displayed a higher specific capacitance, i.e., 932 Fg−1 (466 Cg−1), than the NiMoO4-rGO electrode, i.e., 884 Fg−1 (442 Cg−1), at a current density of 1 Ag−1. In fact, graphene oxide sheets could lose more oxygen groups in the presence of ammonia, resulting in increased electrical conductivity. For the asymmetric supercapacitor of NiMoO4-NrGO//AC, the specific capacitance at 1 Ag−1, energy density, and power density were 101.2 Fg−1 (111.32 Cg−1), 17 Wh kg−1, and 174.4 kW kg−1, respectively. In addition, this supercapacitor material displayed a good cycling stability of over 82%.

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Mehrabian, Mohammad Hosein, Shahzad Feizi i Shahram Moradi Dehaghi. "Cadmium telluride quantum dots/graphene oxide/poly vinyl acetate (CdTe QDs/GO/PVAc) nanocomposite: a novel sensor for real time gamma radiation detection". Radiochimica Acta 108, nr 6 (25.06.2020): 483–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ract-2019-3209.

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AbstractThe design of organic/inorganic nanoparticles hybrids provides the great potential for the fabrication of γ-ray sensor systems. Herein, structural and dosimetric properties of the gamma irradiated poly vinyl acetate (PVAc) doped with cadmium telluride quantum dots (CdTe QDs) and graphene oxide (GO) nanoflakes have been investigated. Thioglycolic acid (TGA) capped water-soluble CdTe QDs and (GO) nanoflakes are synthesized and characterized. Then, CdTe QDs/GO/PVAc sensors were formed by post-depositing CdTe and GO over polymer matrix. The photophysical interactions between nanoparticles and organic polymer have been investigated using ohmic contact detectors with two gold coated electrodes. Real time dose rate information of the sensors such as sensitivity, repeatability, and the linearity of dose rate response were assessed. A wider photoelectric response range and wider gamma harvesting range were observed in the resultant hybrid gamma sensor at a standard bias voltage with respect to non-hybrid CdTe QDs/PVAc sensors.

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Madeo, Lorenzo Francesco, Manuela Curcio, Francesca Iemma, Fiore Pasquale Nicoletta, Silke Hampel i Giuseppe Cirillo. "Release of Bioactive Molecules from Graphene Oxide-Alginate Hybrid Hydrogels: Effect of Crosslinking Method". C 9, nr 1 (8.01.2023): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/c9010008.

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To investigate the influence of crosslinking methods on the releasing performance of hybrid hydrogels, we synthesized two systems consisting of Graphene oxide (GO) as a functional element and alginate as polymer counterpart by means of ionic gelation (physical method, HA−GOP) and radical polymerization (chemical method, HA−GOC). Formulations were optimized to maximize the GO content (2.0 and 1.15% for HA−GOP and HA−GOC, respectively) and Curcumin (CUR) was loaded as a model drug at 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5% (by weight). The physico-chemical characterization confirmed the homogeneous incorporation of GO within the polymer network and the enhanced thermal stability of hybrid vs. blank hydrogels. The determination of swelling profiles showed a higher swelling degree for HA−GOC and a marked pH responsivity due to the COOH functionalities. Moreover, the application of external voltages modified the water affinity of HA−GOC, while they accelerated the degradation of HA−GOP due to the disruption of the crosslinking points and the partial dissolution of alginate. The evaluation of release profiles, extensively analysed by the application of semi-empirical mathematical models, showed a sustained release from hybrid hydrogels, and the possibility to modulate the releasing amount and rate by electro-stimulation of HA−GOC.

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Cote, Laura J., Jaemyung Kim, Vincent C. Tung, Jiayan Luo, Franklin Kim i Jiaxing Huang. "Graphene oxide as surfactant sheets". Pure and Applied Chemistry 83, nr 1 (1.12.2010): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-10-10-25.

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Graphite oxide sheet, now referred to as graphene oxide (GO), is the product of chemical oxidation and exfoliation of graphite powders that was first synthesized over a century ago. Interest in this old material has resurged in recent years, especially after the discovery of graphene, as GO is considered a promising precursor for the bulk production of graphene-based materials. GO sheets are single atomic layers that can readily extend up to tens of microns in lateral dimension. Therefore, their structure bridges the typical length scales of both chemistry and materials science. GO can be viewed as an unconventional type of soft material as it carries the characteristics of polymers, colloids, membranes, and as highlighted in this review, amphiphiles. GO has long been considered hydrophilic due to its excellent water dispersity, however, our recent work revealed that GO sheets are actually amphiphilic with an edge-to-center distribution of hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains. Thus, GO can adhere to interfaces and lower interfacial energy, acting as surfactant. This new property insight helps to better understand GO’s solution properties which can inspire novel material assembly and processing methods such as for fabricating thin films with controllable microstructures and separating GO sheets of different sizes. In addition, GO can be used as a surfactant sheet to emulsify organic solvents with water and disperse insoluble materials such as graphite and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in water, which opens up opportunities for creating functional hybrid materials of graphene and other π-conjugated systems.

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Madeo, Lorenzo Francesco, Patrizia Sarogni, Giuseppe Cirillo, Orazio Vittorio, Valerio Voliani, Manuela Curcio, Tyler Shai-Hee, Bernd Büchner, Michael Mertig i Silke Hampel. "Curcumin and Graphene Oxide Incorporated into Alginate Hydrogels as Versatile Devices for the Local Treatment of Squamous Cell Carcinoma". Materials 15, nr 5 (22.02.2022): 1648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15051648.

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With the aim of preparing hybrid hydrogels suitable for use as patches for the local treatment of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)-affected areas, curcumin (CUR) was loaded onto graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets, which were then blended into an alginate hydrogel that was crosslinked by means of calcium ions. The homogeneous incorporation of GO within the polymer network, which was confirmed through morphological investigations, improved the stability of the hybrid system compared to blank hydrogels. The weight loss in the 100–170 °C temperature range was reduced from 30% to 20%, and the degradation of alginate chains shifted to higher temperatures. Moreover, GO enhanced the stability in water media by counteracting the de-crosslinking process of the polymer network. Cell viability assays showed that the loading of CUR (2.5% and 5% by weight) was able to reduce the intrinsic toxicity of GO towards healthy cells, while higher amounts were ineffective due to the antioxidant/prooxidant paradox. Interestingly, the CUR-loaded systems were found to possess a strong cytotoxic effect in SCC cancer cells, and the sustained CUR release (~50% after 96 h) allowed long-term anticancer efficiency to be hypothesized.

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Sajjan, Kiran, Nehad Ali Shah, N. Ameer Ahammad, C. S. K. Raju, M. Dinesh Kumar i Wajaree Weera. "Nonlinear Boussinesq and Rosseland approximations on 3D flow in an interruption of Ternary nanoparticles with various shapes of densities and conductivity properties". AIMS Mathematics 7, nr 10 (2022): 18416–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/math.20221014.

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<abstract> <p>In current days, hybrid models have become more essential in a wide range of systems, including medical treatment, aerosol particle handling, laboratory instrument design, industry and naval academia, and more. The influence of linear, nonlinear, and quadratic Rosseland approximations on 3D flow behavior was explored in the presence of Fourier fluxes and Boussinesq quadratic thermal oscillations. Ternary hybrid nanoparticles of different shapes and densities were also included. Using the necessary transformation, the resulting partial differential system is transformed into a governing ordinary differential system, and the solution is then furnished with two mixed compositions (Case-Ⅰ and Case-Ⅱ). Combination one looked at aluminum oxide (Platelet), graphene (Cylindrical), and carbon nanotubes (Spherical), whereas mixture two looked at copper (Cylindrical), copper oxide (Spherical), and silver oxide (Platelet). Many changes in two mixture compositions, as well as linear, quadratic, and nonlinear thermal radiation situations of the flow, are discovered. Case-1 ternary combinations have a wider temperature distribution than Case-2 ternary mixtures. Carbon nanotubes (Spherical), graphene (Cylindrical), and aluminum oxide (Platelet) exhibit stronger conductivity than copper oxide (Spherical), copper (Cylindrical), and silver oxide (Platelet) in Case 1. (Platelet). In copper oxide (Spherical), copper (Cylindrical), and silver (Platelet) compositions, the friction factor coefficient is much higher. The combination of liquids is of great importance in various systems such as medical treatment, manufacturing, experimental instrument design, aerosol particle handling and naval academies, etc. Roseland's quadratic and linear approximation of three-dimensional flow characteristics with the existence of Boussinesq quadratic buoyancy and thermal variation. In addition, we combine tertiary solid nanoparticles with different shapes and densities. In many practical applications such as the plastics manufacturing and polymer industry, the temperature difference is remarkably large, causing the density of the working fluid to vary non-linearly with temperature. Therefore, the nonlinear Boussinesq (NBA) approximation cannot be ignored, since it greatly affects the flow and heat transport characteristics of the working fluid. Here, the flow of non-Newtonian elastomers is controlled by the tension of an elastic sheet subjected to NBA and the quadratic form of the Rosseland thermal radiation is studied.</p> </abstract>

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Koczorowski, Tomasz, Magdalena Cerbin-Koczorowska i Tomasz Rębiś. "Azaporphyrins Embedded on Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Potential Use in Electrochemical Sensing—A Review". Nanomaterials 11, nr 11 (27.10.2021): 2861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11112861.

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Phthalocyanines and porphyrazines as macrocyclic aza-analogues of well-known porphyrins were deposited on diverse carbon-based nanomaterials and investigated as sensing devices. The extended π-conjugated electron system of these macrocycles influences their ability to create stable hybrid systems with graphene or carbon nanotubes commonly based on π–π stacking interactions. During a 15-year period, the electrodes modified by deposition of these systems have been applied for the determination of diverse analytes, such as food pollutants, heavy metals, catecholamines, thiols, glucose, peroxides, some active pharmaceutical ingredients, and poisonous gases. These procedures have also taken place, on occasion, in the presence of various polymers, ionic liquids, and other moieties. In the review, studies are presented that were performed for sensing purposes, involving azaporphyrins embedded on graphene, graphene oxide or carbon nanotubes (both single and multi-walled ones). Moreover, possible methods of electrode fabrication, limits of detection of each analyte, as well as examples of macrocyclic compounds applied as sensing materials, are critically discussed.

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Zygo, Monika, Miroslav Mrlik, Marketa Ilcikova, Martina Hrabalikova, Josef Osicka, Martin Cvek, Michal Sedlacik i in. "Effect of Structure of Polymers Grafted from Graphene Oxide on the Compatibility of Particles with a Silicone-Based Environment and the Stimuli-Responsive Capabilities of Their Composites". Nanomaterials 10, nr 3 (24.03.2020): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10030591.

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This study reports the utilization of controlled radical polymerization as a tool for controlling the stimuli-responsive capabilities of graphene oxide (GO) based hybrid systems. Various polymer brushes with controlled molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution were grafted from the GO surface by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). The modification of GO with poly(n-butyl methacrylate) (PBMA), poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA), poly(trimethylsilyloxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMATMS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) coupled with online Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Various grafting densities of GO-based materials were investigated, and conductivity was elucidated using a four-point probe method. Raman shift and XPS were used to confirm the reduction of surface properties of the GO particles during SI-ATRP. The contact angle measurements indicated the changes in the compatibility of GOs with silicone oil, depending on the structure of the grafted polymer chains. The compatibility of the GOs with poly(dimethylsiloxane) was also investigated using steady shear rheology. The tunability of the electrorheological, as well as the photo-actuation capability, was investigated. It was shown that in addition to the modification of conductivity, the dipole moment of the pendant groups of the grafted polymer chains also plays an important role in the electrorheological (ER) performance. The compatibility of the particles with the polymer matrix, and thus proper particles dispersibility, is the most important factor for the photo-actuation efficiency. The plasticizing effect of the GO-polymer hybrid filler also has a crucial impact on the matrix stiffness and thus the ability to reversibly respond to the external light stimulation.

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Tomić, Milena, Milena Šetka, Lukaš Vojkůvka i Stella Vallejos. "VOCs Sensing by Metal Oxides, Conductive Polymers, and Carbon-Based Materials". Nanomaterials 11, nr 2 (22.02.2021): 552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11020552.

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This review summarizes the recent research efforts and developments in nanomaterials for sensing volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The discussion focuses on key materials such as metal oxides (e.g., ZnO, SnO2, TiO2 WO3), conductive polymers (e.g., polypyrrole, polythiophene, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)), and carbon-based materials (e.g., graphene, graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes), and their mutual combination due to their representativeness in VOCs sensing. Moreover, it delves into the main characteristics and tuning of these materials to achieve enhanced functionality (sensitivity, selectivity, speed of response, and stability). The usual synthesis methods and their advantages towards their integration with microsystems for practical applications are also remarked on. The literature survey shows the most successful systems include structured morphologies, particularly hierarchical structures at the nanometric scale, with intentionally introduced tunable “decorative impurities” or well-defined interfaces forming bilayer structures. These groups of modified or functionalized structures, in which metal oxides are still the main protagonists either as host or guest elements, have proved improvements in VOCs sensing. The work also identifies the need to explore new hybrid material combinations, as well as the convenience of incorporating other transducing principles further than resistive that allow the exploitation of mixed output concepts (e.g., electric, optic, mechanic).

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Patanair, Bindu, Allisson Saiter-Fourcin, Sabu Thomas, Martin George Thomas, Poornima Parathukkamparambil Pundarikashan, Kalaprasad Gopalan Nair, Varsha Krishna Kumar, Hanna J. Maria i Nicolas Delpouve. "Promoting Interfacial Interactions with the Addition of Lignin in Poly(Lactic Acid) Hybrid Nanocomposites". Polymers 13, nr 2 (15.01.2021): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13020272.

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In this paper, the calorimetric response of the amorphous phase was examined in hybrid nanocomposites which were prepared thanks to a facile synthetic route, by adding reduced graphene oxide (rGO), Cloisite 30B (C30B), or multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) to lignin-filled poly(lactic acid) (PLA). The dispersion of both lignin and nanofillers was successful, according to a field-emission scanning-electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis. Lignin alone essentially acted as a crystallization retardant for PLA, and the nanocomposites shared this feature, except when MWCNT was used as nanofiller. All systems exhibiting a curtailed crystallization also showed better thermal stability than neat PLA, as assessed from thermogravimetric measurements. As a consequence of favorable interactions between the PLA matrix, lignin, and the nanofillers, homogeneous dispersion or exfoliation was assumed in amorphous samples from the increase of the cooperative rearranging region (CRR) size, being even more remarkable when increasing the lignin content. The amorphous nanocomposites showed a signature of successful filler inclusion, since no rigid amorphous fraction (RAF) was reported at the filler/matrix interface. Finally, the nanocomposites were crystallized up to their maximum extent from the glassy state in nonisothermal conditions. Despite similar degrees of crystallinity and RAF, significant variations in the CRR size were observed among samples, revealing different levels of mobility constraining in the amorphous phase, probably linked to a filler-dimension dependence of space filling.

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Akbar, Said Ali. "Sensor Gas Amonia Berbasis Polimer Konduktif Polianilina: Sebuah Review". QUIMICA: Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Terapan 3, nr 2 (2.02.2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.33059/jq.v3i2.4678.

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Artikel review ini memberikan informasi tentang aplikasi polianilina (PANI) dan kompositnya sebagai sensor gas berbahaya khususnya amonia (NH3). Kajian yang dibahas pada artikel ini meliputi sifat gas NH3, material komposit, kinerja sensor, serta limit deteksi. Tinjauan sensor gas amonia berbasis polimer konduktif polianilina secara menyeluruh diambil dari referensi sepuluh tahun terakhir. Sebagai contoh, komposit polianilina dengan turunan karbon seperti reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) dan Carbon Nanotube menunjukkan limit deteksi hingga 46 ppb dengan waktu pemulihan hanya 75 detik. Selain itu, komposit PANI dengan logam seperti Ag, Sr dan sebagainya, menunjukkan limit deteksi yang lebih besar yaitu 1 ppm, namun terdapat keunggulan dimana waktu pemulihan hanya 4 deti. Oleh sebab itu, polimer konduktif polianilina menjadi material yang sangat menjanjikan untuk mendeteksi keberadaan gas NH3. Terakhir, mekanisme penginderaan gas amonia terhadap material PANI juga dibahas pada tulisan ini. 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Wang et al., “Enhanced Sensitivity and Stability of Room-Temperature NH3 Sensors Using Core–Shell CeO2 Nanoparticles@Cross-linked PANI with p–n Heterojunctions,” ACS Applied Materials &Interfaces, vol. 6, no. 16, pp. 14131–14140, Aug. 2014, doi: 10.1021/am503286h. [14] Y. Guo et al., “Hierarchical graphene–polyaniline nanocomposite films for high-performance flexible electronic gas sensors,” Nanoscale, vol. 8, no. 23, pp. 12073–12080, 2016, doi: 10.1039/C6NR02540D. [15] M. Eising, C. E. Cava, R. V. Salvatierra, A. J. G. Zarbin, and L. S. Roman, “Doping effect on self-assembled films of polyaniline and carbon nanotube applied as ammonia gas sensor,” Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, vol. 245, pp. 25–33, 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2017.01.132. [16] S. Bai et al., “Transparent conducting films of hierarchically nanostructured polyaniline networks on flexible substrates for high-performance gas sensors,” Small, vol. 11, no. 3, 2015, doi: 10.1002/smll.201401865. [17] Z. 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Javadian-Saraf, E. Hosseini, B. D. Wiltshire, M. H. Zarifi, and M. Arjmand, “Graphene oxide/polyaniline-based microwave split-ring resonator: A versatile platform towards ammonia sensing,” Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 418, Sep. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126283. [22] A. Liu et al., “The gas sensor utilizing polyaniline/ MoS2 nanosheets/ SnO2 nanotubes for the room temperature detection of ammonia,” Sensors and Actuators, B: Chemical, vol. 332, Apr. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.snb.2021.129444. [23] Q. Feng, H. Zhang, Y. Shi, X. Yu, and G. Lan, “Preparation and gas sensing properties of PANI/SnO2 hybrid material,” Polymers, vol. 13, no. 9, May 2021, doi: 10.3390/polym13091360. [24] S. Benhouhou, A. Mekki, M. Ayat, and N. Gabouze, “Facile Preparation of PANI-Sr Composite Flexible Thin Film for Ammonia Sensing at Very Low Concentration,” Macromolecular Research, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 267–279, Apr. 2021, doi: 10.1007/s13233-021-9034-3. [25] X. Wang et al., “In situ polymerized polyaniline/MXene (V2C) as building blocks of supercapacitor and ammonia sensor self-powered by electromagnetic-triboelectric hybrid generator,” Nano Energy, vol. 88, Oct. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.106242. [26] J. Chang et al., “Polyaniline-Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanosheets for Room Temperature NH3Detection,” ACS Applied Nano Materials, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 5263–5272, May 2021, doi: 10.1021/acsanm.1c00633. [27] S. Matindoust, A. Farzi, M. Baghaei Nejad, M. H. Shahrokh Abadi, Z. Zou, and L. R. Zheng, “Ammonia gas sensor based on flexible polyaniline films for rapid detection of spoilage in protein-rich foods,” Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, vol. 28, no. 11, 2017, doi: 10.1007/s10854-017-6471-z. [28] J. Cai, C. Zhang, A. Khan, C. Liang, and W. di Li, “Highly transparent and flexible polyaniline mesh sensor for chemiresistive sensing of ammonia gas,” RSC Advances, vol. 8, no. 10, pp. 5312–5320, 2018, doi: 10.1039/c7ra13516e. [29] T. Syrový et al., “Gravure-printed ammonia sensor based on organic polyaniline colloids,” Sensors and Actuators, B: Chemical, vol. 225, pp. 510–516, Mar. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.snb.2015.11.062.

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Keating, Blane, Ian McPherson, Dimitrious Valavanis, Aaron-Jerome Agyei i Patrick Unwin. "Seccm-IRM: A New Tool for Quantitative in Situ Studies of Crystal Growth". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, nr 24 (7.07.2022): 2498. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01242498mtgabs.

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Scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) is a versatile scanning probe imaging technique that allows for simultaneous elucidation of structure activity relationships at the nanoscale in defined electrolyte volumes and provides high resolution (nm length scale) information on the topography of surfaces and interfaces1. Since its inception in 2010 SECCM has improved understanding of model systems such as graphene, graphite, carbon nanotubes, nanoparticles and conductive diamond and provided electrochemists with a tool for true single entity measurements. Electrodeposition of microscale thin films has previously been reported2 but not of crystalline species, which is the focus of this work. SECCM can also be used as a tool for the precise delivery of nano to microscale solution droplets to surfaces. By using optically transparent yet conductive substrates (such as indium tin oxide (ITO), gold or graphene ) we can couple SECCM to highly surface-sensitive imaging modes such as interference reflectance microscopy (IRM)3 or traditional brightfield microscopy, allowing the evaporation and consequent precipitation of solutes to be monitored. The SECCM apparatus allows the deposition of large arrays, under well-defined conditions (deposition time, surface potential), with each droplet representing an individual and independent crystallisation experiment and provides statistical data based on single particle level. The emergence of precipitates within these arrays is tracked to investigate the effect of additives and also surface potential on crystallisation. SECCM can use capacitative response to examine minimally ionised systems, non-aqueous solvents etc allowing organic crystals to be studied. This work focuses on the precipitation of two such model organic systems: l-cystine and 5-methyl-2-[(2-nitrophenyl)amino]thiophene-3-carbonitrile (ROY). l-Cystine is of biological relevance due to its role in the formation of kidney stone’s which are resistant to traditional therapies4. The need therefore arises for l-cystine crystallisation inhibitors making it a prime candidate for testing additive screening procedures. ROY is investigated as a model system5 to identify the merits of SECCM-IRM as a polymorph screen method. We show how sensitive precipitation is to substrate, applied potential and solvent system. References Ebejer, N.; Güell, A. G.; Lai, S. C. S.; McKelvey, K.; Snowden, M. E.; Unwin, P. R., Scanning Electrochemical Cell Microscopy: A Versatile Technique for Nanoscale Electrochemistry and Functional Imaging. Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry 2013, 6 (1), 329-351. Aaronson, B. D. B.; Garoz-Ruiz, J.; Byers, J. C.; Colina, A.; Unwin, P. R., Electrodeposition and Screening of Photoelectrochemical Activity in Conjugated Polymers Using Scanning Electrochemical Cell Microscopy. Langmuir 2015, 31 (46), 12814-12822. Valavanis, D.; Ciocci, P.; Gabriel; Morris, P.; Lemineur, J.-F.; McPherson, I. J.; Kanoufi, F.; Unwin, P. R., Hybrid scanning electrochemical cell microscopy-interference reflection microscopy (SECCM-IRM): tracking phase formation on surfaces in small volumes. Faraday Discussions 2022. Rimer, J. D.; An, Z.; Zhu, Z.; Lee, M. H.; Goldfarb, D. S.; Wesson, J. A.; Ward, M. D., Crystal Growth Inhibitors for the Prevention of l -Cystine Kidney Stones Through Molecular Design. Science 2010, 330 (6002), 337-341. Lévesque, A.; Maris, T.; Wuest, J. D., ROY Reclaims Its Crown: New Ways To Increase Polymorphic Diversity. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2020, 142 (27), 11873-11883.

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Han, Di, Peng Xiao, Jincui Gu, Jing Chen, Zhiqi Cai, Jiawei Zhang, Wenqin Wang i Tao Chen. "Polymer brush functionalized Janus graphene oxide/chitosan hybrid membranes". RSC Advances 4, nr 43 (2014): 22759. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra02826k.

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Wang, Yang, Renbo Wei, Yaning He i Xiaogong Wang. "Synthesis of Hyperbranched Azo-polymer-grafted Graphene Oxide Hybrid". Chemistry Letters 41, nr 4 (5.04.2012): 430–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.2012.430.

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Thickett, Stuart C., Noriko Wood, Yun Hau Ng i Per B. Zetterlund. "Hollow hybrid polymer–graphene oxide nanoparticles via Pickering miniemulsion polymerization". Nanoscale 6, nr 15 (30.06.2014): 8590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4nr01175a.

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Wang, Tao, Jiahe Huang, Yiqing Yang, Enzhong Zhang, Weixiang Sun i Zhen Tong. "Bioinspired Smart Actuator Based on Graphene Oxide-Polymer Hybrid Hydrogels". ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 7, nr 42 (15.10.2015): 23423–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b08248.

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Witomska, Samanta, Zhaoyang Liu, Włodzimierz Czepa, Alessandro Aliprandi, Dawid Pakulski, Piotr Pawluć, Artur Ciesielski i Paolo Samorì. "Graphene Oxide Hybrid with Sulfur–Nitrogen Polymer for High-Performance Pseudocapacitors". Journal of the American Chemical Society 141, nr 1 (5.12.2018): 482–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.8b11181.

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Cao, Mingxuan, Min Wang, Zhiwen Wang, Luhao Zang, Hao Liu, Shuping Xiao, Matthew M. F. Yuen, Ying Wang, Yating Zhang i Jianquan Yao. "Plasmonically Enhanced Colloidal Quantum Dot/Graphene Doped Polymer Random Lasers". Materials 15, nr 6 (17.03.2022): 2213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15062213.

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An improvement in random lasers based on a colloidal quantum dot (QD)/graphene-doped polymer was observed and attributed to multiple light-scattering and graphene surface plasmon resonance. The emission characteristics of quantum dots doped with graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide were compared. The QD/reduced graphene oxide hybrid exhibited a lower laser emission threshold (~460 μJ/cm2). The emission modes and thresholds were strongly dependent on both the graphene doping concentration and the external temperature. Decreased plasmon coupling was the primary reason for lower QD/graphene laser emission with increasing temperature. The optimum reduced graphene oxide concentration was 0.2 wt.%. This work provides a practical approach to optimizing the threshold and stability of random laser devices, with potential applications in displays, sensors, and anti-counterfeiting labels.

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21

Chang, Jian, Miao Zhang, Qiang Zhao, Liangti Qu i Jiayin Yuan. "Ultratough and ultrastrong graphene oxide hybrid films via a polycationitrile approach". Nanoscale Horizons 6, nr 4 (2021): 341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nh00073j.

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Gilioli Tosin, Laís, Wendel Paulo Silvestre i Camila Baldasso. "Graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide as additives in polysulfone hybrid membranes for gas permeation". Scientia cum Industria 11, nr 1 (2023): e231105. http://dx.doi.org/10.18226/23185279.e231105.

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Hybrid polymeric membranes with the addition of graphene and derivatives are currently being developed and studied due to the unique properties of this material, whose addition in membranes is related to the enhancement of physical and mechanical properties and separation performance. In this study, polysulfone (PSU) membranes containing graphene oxide (PSU/GO) and reduced graphene oxide (PSU/RGO) were developed at a concentration of 0.5 wt.%, and their morphology, physical-chemical and thermal properties, and separation performance were evaluated. Membrane morphology was evaluated by SEM, thermal stability by TGA/DTG, functional groups and material structure by FTIR, mechanical properties by pressure test, and gas permeation using synthetic air. Agglomeration of GO and RGO was verified, a factor that may have interfered with the performance of the membranes. There was no change in the thermal stability of the membranes with the presence of GO/RGO, nor the occurrence of new bands observed in FTIR spectra, indicating that the interactions between PSU and GO/RGO were physical. All membranes resisted the maximum system pressure (6 bar), and it was not possible to identify whether the addition of graphene-derived materials had a positive effect on the mechanical strength. PSU/GO membranes had a better performance regarding synthetic air permeability in the gas permeation test than PSU and PSU/RGO membranes, possibly due to the functional groups present in GO, which facilitated the mass transfer within the polymer structure.

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23

Barison, S., D. Cabaleiro, S. Rossi, A. Kovtun, M. Melucci i F. Agresti. "Paraffin–graphene oxide hybrid nano emulsions for thermal management systems". Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 627 (październik 2021): 127132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127132.

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Stoichev, Svetozar, Avgustina Danailova, Ivan Iliev, Inna Sulikovska, Velichka Strijkova, Kirilka Mladenova i Tonya Andreeva. "Fabrication and Biocompatibility of Layer-by-layer Assembled Composite Graphene Oxide-polysaccharide Microcapsules". International Journal Bioautomation 26, nr 3 (wrzesień 2022): 225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/ijba.2022.26.3.000843.

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The present study is focused on the construction and characterization of the morphology and biocompatibility of polysaccharide multilayered microcapsules (PMC) composed of natural polyelectrolytes (chitosan/alginate/hyaluronic acid), and on the effect of graphene oxide (GO) incorporation in the polymer matrix. The insertion of GO in the polymer matrix is an innovative and still evolving strategy used to modify the properties of the polyelectrolyte microcapsules. We have fabricated a number of hybrid GO-polysaccharide multilayered capsules by layer-by-layer assembling technique onto a CaCO3 core, followed by core decomposition in mild conditions. Hybrid microcapsules with different composition were constructed by varying the number or localization of the incorporated GO-layers. It was found that the thickness of the hybrid microcapsules, evaluated by atomic force microscopy, decreases after incorporation of GO nanosheets in the polymer matrix. Analysis of the viability and proliferation of fibroblasts after incubation with hybrid PMC revealed pronounced concentration-dependent cytotoxic and antiproliferative effect. Based on the results, we can conclude that the hybrid multilayered microcapsules made of natural polysaccharides and graphene oxide could be used for biomedical applications.

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Kelani, Hadi, Shelby Weatherbee, Stephen Blama i Mary Sajini Devadas. "Synthesis and Characterization of 2D-Graphene Oxide-Metal Hybrid Systems with Increased Solubility". MRS Advances 4, nr 38-39 (2019): 2119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2019.259.

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ABSTRACTGraphene oxide serves as a precursor to various technologies, which include batteries, biosensors, solar cells, and supercapacitors. Gold nanoparticles exhibit excellent electrochemical and photophysical properties, allowing for electronic absorption and the ability to absorb light energy at the plasmonic wavelength. Palladium nanoparticles are highly sensitive and functional in room temperature, making it an ideal metal for catalytic applications. We report the synthesis of functional graphene oxide from graphite flakes followed by the insertion of gold and palladium nanoparticles through an oleylamine ligand. In this report, the fermi level of graphene oxide (GOx), gold-graphene oxide (Au-GOx), and palladium-graphene oxide (Pd-GOx) was shown to be effectively controlled. Additionally, each system showed complete solubility in ethanol and in the case of Au-GOx, enhanced solubility was seen in tetrahydrofuran as well.

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26

Kukhta, A., N. Jalagonia, T. Kuchukhidze, T. Archuadze, E. Sanaia, G. Bokuchava i V. Mikelashvili. "Synthesis and Properties of RGO–Fe3O4 Hybrid Nanomaterial and Its Polymer Composite". International Journal of Nanoscience 18, nr 03n04 (2.04.2019): 1940076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x19400763.

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Simple, reliable and scalable tool for the decoration of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) by iron oxide nanoparticles and the creation of polymer–RGO–Fe3O4 thin films are proposed. The composite is magnetically sensitive. Structural and microscopic studies and resistance measurements were performed. It has been found that these composites possess the hole-type conductivity.

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Tang, Ziqing, Feng Chen, Qiang Chen, Lin Zhu, Xiaoqiang Yan, Hong Chen, Baiping Ren, Jia Yang, Gang Qin i Jie Zheng. "The energy dissipation and Mullins effect of tough polymer/graphene oxide hybrid nanocomposite hydrogels". Polymer Chemistry 8, nr 32 (2017): 4659–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7py01068k.

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Cheng, Xiuyan, Vipin Kumar, Tomohiro Yokozeki, Teruya Goto, Tatsuhiro Takahashi, Jun Koyanagi, Lixin Wu i Rui Wang. "Highly conductive graphene oxide/polyaniline hybrid polymer nanocomposites with simultaneously improved mechanical properties". Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 82 (marzec 2016): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.12.006.

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Yuan, Hongbo, Junjie Qi, Chengfen Xing, Hailong An, Ruimin Niu, Yong Zhan, Yibing Fan i in. "Graphene-Oxide-Conjugated Polymer Hybrid Materials for Calmodulin Sensing by Using FRET Strategy". Advanced Functional Materials 25, nr 28 (5.06.2015): 4412–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201501668.

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Pan, Sheng-Dong, Xiao-Hong Chen, Xiao-Ping Li, Mei-Qiang Cai, Hao-Yu Shen, Yong-Gang Zhao i Mi-Cong Jin. "In situ controllable synthesis of graphene oxide-based ternary magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer hybrid for efficient enrichment and detection of eight microcystins". Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, nr 45 (2015): 23042–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta05840f.

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Mao, Lu, Meng Li, Junmin Xue i John Wang. "Bendable graphene/conducting polymer hybrid films for freestanding electrodes with high volumetric capacitances". RSC Advances 6, nr 4 (2016): 2951–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra24606g.

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Bendable freestanding films composed of reduced graphene oxide and one dimensional conducting polymers exhibit superior capacitive performance in terms of gravimetric capacitance and volumetric capacitance.

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32

Choi, Yunah, Kan Zhang, Kyung Yoon Chung, Dong Hwan Wang i Jong Hyeok Park. "PVdF-HFP/exfoliated graphene oxide nanosheet hybrid separators for thermally stable Li-ion batteries". RSC Advances 6, nr 84 (2016): 80706–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra15062d.

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Ahmad, A. L., U. R. Farooqui i N. A. Hamid. "Porous (PVDF-HFP/PANI/GO) ternary hybrid polymer electrolyte membranes for lithium-ion batteries". RSC Advances 8, nr 45 (2018): 25725–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra03918f.

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Wang, Shuangshuang, Houfang Chi, Lin Chen, Wei Li, Yuchao Li, Guang Li i Xiangcai Ge. "Surface Functionalization of Graphene Oxide with Polymer Brushes for Improving Thermal Properties of the Polymer Matrix". Advances in Polymer Technology 2021 (14.05.2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5591420.

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In this work, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polystyrene (PS) with controlled structures would be grafted on graphene material. The hybrid materials were prepared by coating graphene oxide (GO) with polydopamine (PDA) as a reactive underlayer and reducing agent, subsequently, surface-initiated polymerization of monomers (methyl methacrylate, styrene) based on the activators regenerated electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (ARGET-ATRP) technique. The polymer brush-modified graphene materials were then incorporated into the PMMA or PS matrix to get polymer nanocomposites with better thermal properties. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated that PMMA and PS chains were successfully anchored on the surfaces of functionalized GO sheets. The influence of the grafted polymer brush-modified GO on thermal stability of PMMA and PS was investigated by a simultaneous thermal analyzer. Thermal conductivity of the polymer nanocomposite was determined by a conductive calorimeter. The results showed that thermal stability, glass transition temperature ( T g ), and thermal conductivity of the polymer nanocomposites were obviously improved compared with pure PMMA or PS.

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35

Rani, Janardhanan R., Ranjith Thangavel, Minjae Kim, Yun Sung Lee i Jae-Hyung Jang. "Ultra-High Energy Density Hybrid Supercapacitors Using MnO2/Reduced Graphene Oxide Hybrid Nanoscrolls". Nanomaterials 10, nr 10 (16.10.2020): 2049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10102049.

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Manganese oxide (MnO2) is a promising material for supercapacitor applications, with a theoretical ultra-high energy density of 308 Wh/kg. However, such ultra-high energy density has not been achieved experimentally in MnO2-based supercapacitors because of several practical issues, such as low electrical conductivity of MnO2, incomplete utilization of MnO2, and dissolution of MnO2. The present study investigates the potential of MnO2/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) hybrid nanoscroll (GMS) structures as electrode material for overcoming the difficulties and for developing ultra-high-energy storage systems. A hybrid supercapacitor, comprising MnO2/rGO nanoscrolls as anode material and activated carbon (AC) as a cathode, is fabricated. The GMS/AC hybrid supercapacitor exhibited enhanced energy density, superior rate performance, and promising Li storage capability that bridged the energy–density gap between conventional Li-ion batteries (LIBs) and supercapacitors. The fabricated GMS/AC hybrid supercapacitor demonstrates an ultra-high lithium discharge capacity of 2040 mAh/g. The GMS/AC cell delivered a maximum energy density of 105.3 Wh/kg and a corresponding power density of 308.1 W/kg. It also delivered an energy density of 42.77 Wh/kg at a power density as high as 30,800 W/kg. Our GMS/AC cell’s energy density values are very high compared with those of other reported values of graphene-based hybrid structures. The GMS structures offer significant potential as an electrode material for energy-storage systems and can also enhance the performance of the other electrode materials for LIBs and hybrid supercapacitors.

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36

Keloth Paduvilan, Jibin, Prajitha Velayudhan, Ashin Amanulla, Hanna Joseph Maria, Allisson Saiter-Fourcin i Sabu Thomas. "Assessment of Graphene Oxide and Nanoclay Based Hybrid Filler in Chlorobutyl-Natural Rubber Blend for Advanced Gas Barrier Applications". Nanomaterials 11, nr 5 (23.04.2021): 1098. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11051098.

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Nanomaterials have engaged response from the scientific world in recent decades due to their exceptional physical and chemical properties counter to their bulk. They have been widely used in a polymer matrix to improve mechanical, thermal, barrier, electronic and chemical properties. In rubber nanocomposites, nanofillers dispersion and the interfacial adhesion between polymer and fillers influences the composites factual properties. In the present work, a comparison of the hybrid effects of carbon black with two different nanofillers (graphene oxide and nanoclay) was studied. The 70/30 composition of chlorobutyl rubber/natural rubber elastomer blend was taken as per the blend composition optimized from our previous studies. The hybrid effects of graphene oxide and nanoclay in dispersing the nanofillers were studied mainly by analyzing nanocomposite barrier properties. The results confirm that the combined effect of carbon black with graphene oxide and nanoclay could create hybrid effects in decreasing the gas permeability. The prepared nanocomposites which partially replace the expensive chlorobutyl rubber can be used for tyre inner liner application. Additionally, the reduction in the amount of carbon black in the nanocomposite can be an added advantage of considering the environmental and economic factors.

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Jayawardena, K. D. G. Imalka, Rhys Rhodes, Keyur K. Gandhi, M. R. Ranga Prabhath, G. Dinesha M. R. Dabera, Michail J. Beliatis, Lynn J. Rozanski, Simon J. Henley i S. Ravi P. Silva. "Solution processed reduced graphene oxide/metal oxide hybrid electron transport layers for highly efficient polymer solar cells". Journal of Materials Chemistry A 1, nr 34 (2013): 9922. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ta11822c.

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Lu, Yaning, Shuling Zhang, Zhi Geng, Kai Zhu, Menghan Zhang, Ruiqi Na i Guibin Wang. "Hybrid formation of graphene oxide–POSS and their effect on the dielectric properties of poly(aryl ether ketone) composites". New Journal of Chemistry 41, nr 8 (2017): 3089–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6nj03802f.

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39

Ogoshi, Tomoki, Yuto Ichihara, Tada-aki Yamagishi i Yoshiaki Nakamoto. "Supramolecular polymer networks from hybrid between graphene oxide and per-6-amino-β-cyclodextrin". Chemical Communications 46, nr 33 (2010): 6087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0cc01644f.

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Kostromin, S., i S. Bronnikov. "Electrical conductivity of polymer/carbon nanofillers composites". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2045, nr 1 (1.10.2021): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2045/1/012008.

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Abstract Using a broadband dielectric spectrometry we studied the effect of carbon nanofillers (CN) with various aspect ratio (fullerene C60, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and hybrid rGO:MWCNT nanofillers) on the electrical conductivity of the polyazomethine-based nanocomposites. One-dimensional MWCNTs with high aspect ratio were shown to be the most effective CN for fabrication of polymer-based nanocomposites with enhanced electrical conductivity.

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Feng, Bingmei, Huixin Wang, Dongniu Wang, Huilong Yu, Yi Chu i Hai-Tao Fang. "Fabrication of mesoporous metal oxide coated-nanocarbon hybrid materials via a polyol-mediated self-assembly process". Nanoscale 6, nr 23 (2014): 14371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4nr04254a.

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The hydrogen bonding between the carboxyl groups of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and the polymer chains of metal oxide precursors can initiate the deposition in a self-assembly manner. Then metal oxide coated-carboxylated CNTs or coated-carboxylated graphene sheets hybrid materials are obtained by pyrolysis or hydrolysis.

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42

Pilarczyk, K., K. Lewandowska, K. Mech, M. Kawa, M. Gajewska, B. Barszcz, A. Bogucki, A. Podborska i K. Szaciłowski. "Charge transfer tuning in TiO2 hybrid nanostructures with acceptor–acceptor systems". Journal of Materials Chemistry C 5, nr 9 (2017): 2415–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6tc05190a.

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Ponnamma, Deepalekshmi, Sabari S Nair, Hemalatha Parangusan, Mohammad K. Hassan, Samer Adham, Alamgir Karim i Mariam Al Ali Al-Maadeed. "White Graphene-Cobalt Oxide Hybrid Filler Reinforced Polystyrene Nanofibers for Selective Oil Absorption". Polymers 12, nr 1 (18.12.2019): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12010004.

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In this work, stable hydrophobic nanocomposites are made from electrospun fibers of polystyrene (PS) containing a hybrid filler combination of (i) hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and (ii) cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanomaterials. Good synergistic interaction is observed between the nanomaterials, since the growth of Co3O4 was carried out in presence of white graphene nanosheets. Filler synergy modifies the PS surfaces, by enhancing the filler-polymer interfacial interactions and provides good tensile strength. The hydrophobic films are gamma irradiated to improve crosslinking within the polymer nanocomposites. Since gamma irradiation enhances the surface roughness, its hydrophobicity/oleophilicity increases much and the final nanofibers show good oil-water separation efficiency. The nanofibers act as sponge clothing to skim the oil from a mixture of oil and water. Durability of the fibers in hot water and in presence of ultrasonic waves is also tested and good response is achieved. Contact angle studies are performed to investigate the surface properties and to check the influence of gamma irradiation on the surface wettability. The gamma-irradiated PS nanocomposite fiber shows a contact angle of 152° ± 2° compared to the 140° ± 1° of the neat PS fiber, evidencing the superhydrophobicity. Both the effects of crosslink density enhancement and hybrid filler distribution make the composite fibers stronger in oil absorption application even at higher operation temperatures. The fibers are reported to be robust and durable, in addition.

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Jitaru, Florentina, Andreea Chibac, George Epurescu, Ioana Ion i Tinca Buruiana. "Polymer-graphene composites by photocuring of a system containing benzophenone macromer". Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 81, nr 9 (2016): 1055–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc151218040j.

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Formulations incorporating benzophenone oligodimethacrylate (BP-DMA) and graphene structures (graphene oxide/GO, reduced graphene oxide/RGO) were exposed to UV/vis irradiation or femtosecond laser beam to achieve hybrid composites. All structures were characterized through various methods including 1H NMR and FTIR spectroscopies, optical microscopy, TEM, SEM/EDAX analysis, and DSC/XRD techniques. The photopolymerization of BP-DMA in monomer compositions with and without GO or RGO was investigated by photo-DSC and FTIR methods for determining the polymerization kinetic parameters. The photopolymerization experiments revealed a good photoreactivity of the monomers (degree of conversion: 65-77%) after 1 minute exposure to UV/vis irradiation and the addition of graphene (up to 0.5%), whereas the polymerization rate varied between 0.14 and 0.1 s-1. Moreover, two-photon photopolymerization of the formulations in presence/absence of GO or RGO nanosheets (0.1 wt.%) generated 2D microstructures by direct laser writing procedure. Also, the morphology and the properties of composites materials were analyzed.

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He, Linxiang, i Sie Chin Tjong. "Facile synthesis of silver-decorated reduced graphene oxide as a hybrid filler material for electrically conductive polymer composites". RSC Advances 5, nr 20 (2015): 15070–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra00257e.

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Nano silver-decorated reduced graphene oxide (Ag–RGO) sheets were synthesized by simply dissolving graphite oxide and silver nitrate inN,N-dimethylformamide and keeping the suspension at 90 °C for 12 h.

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Mallakpour, Shadpour, Amir Abdolmaleki i Sedigheh Borandeh. "Fabrication of amino acid-based graphene-zinc oxide (ZnO) hybrid and its application for poly(ester–amide)/graphene-ZnO nanocomposite synthesis". Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 30, nr 3 (5.08.2016): 358–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705715598365.

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Graphene/zinc oxide (ZnO) hybrid was prepared using biosafe l-phenylalanine-functionalized graphene. In this regard, ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were modified by γ-aminopropyltriethoxyl silane (KH550) and were covalently attached to functionalized graphene sheets by reaction of amino groups on the outer wall of ZnO NPs with the carboxyl groups existing on graphene surface. Microscopic analysis of resulted hybrid revealed good dispersion of ZnO NPs on the graphene sheets. Afterward, the prepared hybrid was used as a filler for fabrication of polymer nanocomposite (NC). To this aim, a novel optically active poly(ester–amide) (PEA) containing different amino acids such as S-tyrosine and l-leucine was synthesized and structurally characterized using Fourier transform infrared and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, and CHN elemental analyses. Different percentages of NCs have been prepared through solution mixing method. Thermal stability of NC has been improved, which is be due to the increased interfacial interaction between the PEA matrix and functional groups on the hybrid.

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Bhusari, Shardul Atul, Vidushi Sharma, Suryasarathi Bose i Bikramjit Basu. "HDPE/UHMWPE hybrid nanocomposites with surface functionalized graphene oxide towards improved strength and cytocompatibility". Journal of The Royal Society Interface 16, nr 150 (styczeń 2019): 20180273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2018.0273.

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High-density polyethylene (HDPE)-based and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)-based composites with carbonaceous reinforcements are being widely investigated for biomedical applications. The enhancement of material properties critically depends on the nature, amount and compatibility of the reinforcement with the polymeric matrix. To this end, this study demonstrates the efficacy of a ‘dual’ hybrid approach of incorporating modified inorganic nanofiller into an optimized polyethylene blend. In particular, a unique synthesis strategy was adopted to design a covalently bonded maleated polyethylene (mPE) grafted modified graphene oxide (mGO) hybrid nanocomposite. In this scheme, polyethyleneimine (PEI) was initially attached onto GO to synthesize amine functionalized GO (GO–PEI). This is followed by mPE grafting, resulting in mGO. Melt-extrusion together with injection moulding of a polymer mix (60% HDPE–40% UHMWPE) with different proportions (less than or equal to 3 wt%) of surface functionalized GO was conducted to develop nanocomposites of different sizes and shapes. When compared with unreinforced PE blend, the nanocomposites with 1 wt% mGO exhibited an increase in ultimate tensile strength by 120% (up to 65 MPa) and elastic modulus by 40% (up to 908 MPa). The uniform dispersion of modified GO nanofillers, confirmed using X-ray micro-computed tomography and transmission electron microscopy, facilitated effective interfacial adhesion and compatibility with the hybrid polymer matrix. The variation in mechanical properties with GO/mGO addition to PE blend was critically discussed in reference to the structural modification of GO, crystallinity and nature of dispersion of fillers. Importantly, the nanocomposites support the attachment and proliferation of C2C12 murine myoblast cells over 3 days in culture in a statistically insignificant manner with respect to polymer blends without any nanofiller. Taken together, the experimental results suggest that HDPE/UHMWPE/mGO is a promising biomaterial for bone tissue engineering applications.

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Lazanas, Alexandros Ch, Athanasios Katsouras, Michael Spanos, Gkreti-Maria Manesi, Ioannis Moutsios, Dmitry V. Vashurkin, Dimitrios Moschovas i in. "Synthesis and Characterization of Hybrid Materials Derived from Conjugated Copolymers and Reduced Graphene Oxide". Polymers 14, nr 23 (3.12.2022): 5292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14235292.

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In this study the preparation of hybrid materials based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and conjugated copolymers is reported. By tuning the number and arrangement of thiophenes in the main chain (indacenothiophene or indacenothienothiophene) and the nature of the polymer acceptor (difluoro benzothiadiazole or diketopyrrolopyrrole) semiconducting copolymers were synthesized through Stille aromatic coupling and characterized to determine their molecular characteristics. The graphene oxide was synthesized using the Staudenmaier method and was further modified to reduced graphene oxide prior to structural characterization. Various mixtures with different rGO quantities and conjugated copolymers were prepared to determine the optoelectronic, thermal and morphological properties. An increase in the maximum absorbance ranging from 3 to 6 nm for all hybrid materials irrespective of the rGO concentration, when compared to the pristine conjugated copolymers, was estimated through the UV-Vis spectroscopy indicating a differentiation on the optical properties. Through voltammetric experiments the oxidation and reduction potentials were determined and the calculated HOMO and LUMO levels revealed a decrease on the electrochemical energy gap for low rGO concentrations. The study indicates the potential of the hybrid materials consisting of graphene oxide and high band gap conjugated copolymers for applications related to organic solar cells.

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Hong, Jing, Changhua Liu, Xi Deng, Ting Jiang, Lin Gan i Jin Huang. "Enhanced tribological properties in core–shell structured SiO2@GO hybrid fillers for epoxy nanocomposites". RSC Advances 6, nr 92 (2016): 89221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra18207k.

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SiO₂ coated with graphene oxide (GO) hybrids (SiO₂@GO) were fabricated by electrostatic self-assembly and introduced into an epoxy polymer (EP) matrix to prepare epoxy composites by a solvent-free curing process.

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Choi, Yumi, Chang Kim i Sungjin Jo. "Spray Deposition of Ag Nanowire–Graphene Oxide Hybrid Electrodes for Flexible Polymer–Dispersed Liquid Crystal Displays". Materials 11, nr 11 (9.11.2018): 2231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11112231.

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We investigated the effect of different spray-coating parameters on the electro-optical properties of Ag nanowires (NWs). Highly transparent and conductive Ag NW–graphene oxide (GO) hybrid electrodes were fabricated by using the spray-coating technique. The Ag NW percolation network was modified with GO and this led to a reduced sheet resistance of the Ag NW–GO electrode as the result of a decrease in the inter-nanowire contact resistance. Although electrical conductivity and optical transmittance of the Ag NW electrodes have a trade-off relationship, Ag NW–GO hybrid electrodes exhibited significantly improved sheet resistance and slightly decreased transmittance compared to Ag NW electrodes. Ag NW–GO hybrid electrodes were integrated into smart windows based on polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) for the first time. Experimental results showed that the electro-optical properties of the PDLCs based on Ag NW–GO electrodes were superior when compared to those of PDLCs based on only Ag NW electrodes. This study revealed that the hybrid Ag NW–GO electrode is a promising material for manufacturing the large-area flexible indium tin oxide (ITO)-free PDLCs.

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