Artykuły w czasopismach: „Graphene derivatives”

1

Inagaki, Michio, i Feiyu Kang. "Graphene derivatives: graphane, fluorographene, graphene oxide, graphyne and graphdiyne". J. Mater. Chem. A 2, nr 33 (2014): 13193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ta01183j.

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Banerjee, Arghya Narayan. "Graphene and its derivatives as biomedical materials: future prospects and challenges". Interface Focus 8, nr 3 (20.04.2018): 20170056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2017.0056.

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Graphene and its derivatives possess some intriguing properties, which generates tremendous interests in various fields, including biomedicine. The biomedical applications of graphene-based nanomaterials have attracted great interests over the last decade, and several groups have started working on this field around the globe. Because of the excellent biocompatibility, solubility and selectivity, graphene and its derivatives have shown great potential as biosensing and bio-imaging materials. Also, due to some unique physico-chemical properties of graphene and its derivatives, such as large surface area, high purity, good bio-functionalizability, easy solubility, high drug loading capacity, capability of easy cell membrane penetration, etc., graphene-based nanomaterials become promising candidates for bio-delivery carriers. Besides, graphene and its derivatives have also shown interesting applications in the fields of cell-culture, cell-growth and tissue engineering. In this article, a comprehensive review on the applications of graphene and its derivatives as biomedical materials has been presented. The unique properties of graphene and its derivatives (such as graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphane, graphone, graphyne, graphdiyne, fluorographene and their doped versions) have been discussed, followed by discussions on the recent efforts on the applications of graphene and its derivatives in biosensing, bio-imaging, drug delivery and therapy, cell culture, tissue engineering and cell growth. Also, the challenges involved in the use of graphene and its derivatives as biomedical materials are discussed briefly, followed by the future perspectives of the use of graphene-based nanomaterials in bio-applications. The review will provide an outlook to the applications of graphene and its derivatives, and may open up new horizons to inspire broader interests across various disciplines.

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Cao, Qiang, Xiao Geng, Huaipeng Wang, Pengjie Wang, Aaron Liu, Yucheng Lan i Qing Peng. "A Review of Current Development of Graphene Mechanics". Crystals 8, nr 9 (6.09.2018): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst8090357.

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Graphene, a two-dimensional carbon in honeycomb crystal with single-atom thickness, possesses extraordinary properties and fascinating applications. Graphene mechanics is very important, as it relates to the integrity and various nanomechanical behaviors including flexing, moving, rotating, vibrating, and even twisting of graphene. The relationship between the strain and stress plays an essential role in graphene mechanics. Strain can dramatically influence the electronic and optical properties, and could be utilized to engineering those properties. Furthermore, graphene with specific kinds of defects exhibit mechanical enhancements and thus the electronic enhancements. In this short review, we focus on the current development of graphene mechanics, including tension and compression, fracture, shearing, bending, friction, and dynamics properties of graphene from both experiments and numerical simulations. We also touch graphene derivatives, including graphane, graphone, graphyne, fluorographene, and graphene oxide, which carve some fancy mechanical properties out from graphene. Our review summarizes the current achievements of graphene mechanics, and then shows the future prospects.

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Dolina, Ekaterina S., Pavel A. Kulyamin, Anastasiya A. Grekova, Alexey I. Kochaev, Mikhail M. Maslov i Konstantin P. Katin. "Thermal Stability and Vibrational Properties of the 6,6,12-Graphyne-Based Isolated Molecules and Two-Dimensional Crystal". Materials 16, nr 5 (27.02.2023): 1964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16051964.

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We report the geometry, kinetic energy, and some optical properties of the 6,6,12-graphyne-based systems. We obtained the values of their binding energies and structural characteristics such as bond lengths and valence angles. Moreover, using nonorthogonal tight-binding molecular dynamics, we carried out a comparative analysis of the thermal stability of 6,6,12-graphyne-based isolated fragments (oligomer) and two-dimensional crystals constructed on its basis in a wide temperature range from 2500 to 4000 K. We found the temperature dependence of the lifetime for the finite graphyne-based oligomer as well as for the 6,6,12-graphyne crystal using a numerical experiment. From these temperature dependencies, we obtained the activation energies and frequency factors in the Arrhenius equation that determine the thermal stability of the considered systems. The calculated activation energies are fairly high: 1.64 eV for the 6,6,12-graphyne-based oligomer and 2.79 eV for the crystal. It was confirmed that the thermal stability of the 6,6,12-graphyne crystal concedes only to traditional graphene. At the same time, it is more stable than graphene derivatives such as graphane and graphone. In addition, we present data on the Raman and IR spectra of the 6,6,12-graphyne, which will help distinguish it from the other carbon low-dimensional allotropes in the experiment.

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Kumar, Sanjay, Himanshi, Jyoti Prakash, Ankit Verma, Suman, Rohit Jasrotia, Abhishek Kandwal i in. "A Review on Properties and Environmental Applications of Graphene and Its Derivative-Based Composites". Catalysts 13, nr 1 (4.01.2023): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13010111.

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Graphene-based materials have gained a lot of scientific interest in the research era of modern technology, which can be quite flexible. Graphene has become popular as a potential material for the manufacture of a wide range of technologies due to its remarkable electrical, mechanical, and optical traits. Due to these excellent characteristics, the derivatives of graphene can be functionalized in various applications including environmental, medical, electronic, defence applications, and many more. In this review paper, we discussed the different synthesis methods for the extraction of graphene and its derivatives. The different traits of graphene and its derivatives such as structural, mechanical, and optical were also discussed. An extensive literature review on the application of graphene-based composites is presented in this work. We also outlined graphene’s potential in the realm of environmental purification through different techniques such as filtration, adsorption, and photocatalysis. Lastly, the challenges and opportunities of graphene and its derivatives for advanced environmental applications were reported.

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Bagade, Sonal Santosh, Shashidhar Patel, M. M. Malik i Piyush K. Patel. "Recent Advancements in Applications of Graphene to Attain Next-Level Solar Cells". C 9, nr 3 (19.07.2023): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/c9030070.

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This paper presents an intensive review covering all the versatile applications of graphene and its derivatives in solar photovoltaic technology. To understand the internal working mechanism for the attainment of highly efficient graphene-based solar cells, graphene’s parameters of control, namely its number of layers and doping concentration are thoroughly discussed. The popular graphene synthesis techniques are studied. A detailed review of various possible applications of utilizing graphene’s attractive properties in solar cell technology is conducted. This paper clearly mentions its applications as an efficient transparent conducting electrode, photoactive layer and Schottky junction formation. The paper also covers advancements in the 10 different types of solar cell technologies caused by the incorporation of graphene and its derivatives in solar cell architecture. Graphene-based solar cells are observed to outperform those solar cells with the same configuration but lacking the presence of graphene in them. Various roles that graphene efficiently performs in the individual type of solar cell technology are also explored. Moreover, bi-layer (and sometimes, tri-layer) graphene is shown to have the potential to fairly uplift the solar cell performance appreciably as well as impart maximum stability to solar cells as compared to multi-layered graphene. The current challenges concerning graphene-based solar cells along with the various strategies adopted to resolve the issues are also mentioned. Hence, graphene and its derivatives are demonstrated to provide a viable path towards light-weight, flexible, cost-friendly, eco-friendly, stable and highly efficient solar cell technology.

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Zhang, Liying, Chao Wu, Xiangdong Ding, Yong Fang i Jun Sun. "Separation selectivity and structural flexibility of graphene-like 2-dimensional membranes". Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, nr 27 (2018): 18192–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp00466h.

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Single-layer membranes of porous graphene, graphyne derivatives (α/α2/β-graphyne), and porous boron nitride (BN) with similar pore sizes (approximately 8 × 6 Å) have shown different separation properties toward alkane isomers.

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Pumera, Martin, i Zdeněk Sofer. "Towards stoichiometric analogues of graphene: graphane, fluorographene, graphol, graphene acid and others". Chemical Society Reviews 46, nr 15 (2017): 4450–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cs00215g.

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Sajit, Rathin, B. Harinesh, M. P. Jenarthanan, M. Ramachandran i Prasanth Vidhya. "Thermal Characterization of Graphene Based Composites". 1 8, nr 1 (31.01.2022): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.46632/jemm/8/1/2.

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Graphene, an atomic thin two-dimensional carbonaceous nanomaterial, has exceptional electrical, mechanical and chemical properties. There is also great research interest in the development of two technologies. Since the discovery of graphene, this reliable Wide range of material applications Integrated,and many attempts have been made To modify the structure of graphene. Particular attention is paid. Graphene Derivatives Graphene Oxide Hole Graphene / Graphene oxide, recent Developments development of reduced Graphene oxide and graphene quantum points. In this chapter, the inherent properties of the definition and the different approaches to top-down and basically graphene derivatives are discussed below. This includes the formation of derivatives of graphene by chemical oxidation. In addition, the bit and peel-out mechanism for creating graphene derivatives, which leads For a better understanding of Physics of graphene derivatives And chemical properties.

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Hadizadeh, Nastaran, Saba Zeidi, Helia Khodabakhsh, Samaneh Zeidi, Aram Rezaei, Zhuobin Liang, Mojtaba Dashtizad i Ehsan Hashemi. "An overview on the reproductive toxicity of graphene derivatives: Highlighting the importance". Nanotechnology Reviews 11, nr 1 (1.01.2022): 1076–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2022-0063.

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Abstract With the glorious discovery of graphene back in 2004, the field of nanotechnology was faced with a breakthrough that soon attracted the attention of many scientists from all over the world. Owing to its unique bidimensional structure and exquisite physicochemical properties, graphene has successfully managed to cave its way up to the list of the most investigated topics, while being extensively used in various fields of science and technology. However, serious concerns have been raised about the safety of graphene, for which numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate the toxicity of graphene derivatives in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. The reproductive toxicity of graphene is one of the most important aspects of this subject as it not only affects the individual but can also potentially put the health of one’s offsprings at risk and display long-term toxic effects. Given the crucial importance of graphene’s reproductive toxicity, more attention has been recently shifted toward this subject; however, the existing literature remains insufficient. Therefore, we have conducted this review with the aim of providing researchers with assorted information regarding the toxicity of graphene derivatives and their underlying mechanisms, while mentioning some of the major challenges and gaps in the current knowledge to further elucidate the path to exploring graphene’s true nature. We hope that our work will effectively give insight to researchers who are interested in this topic and also aid them in completing the yet unfinished puzzle of graphene toxicity.

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Tounici, Abir, i José Miguel Martín-Martínez. "Influence of the Surface Chemistry of Graphene Oxide on the Structure–Property Relationship of Waterborne Poly(urethane urea) Adhesive". Materials 14, nr 16 (5.08.2021): 4377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164377.

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Small amounts—0.04 wt.%—graphene oxide derivatives with different surface chemistry (graphene oxide—GO-, amine-functionalized GO—A-GO-, reduced GO—r-GO) were added during prepolymer formation in the synthesis of waterborne poly(urethane urea) dispersions (PUDs). Covalent interactions between the surface groups on the graphene oxide derivatives and the end NCO groups of the prepolymer were created, these interactions differently altered the degree of micro-phase separation of the PUDs and their structure–properties relationships. The amine functional groups on the A-GO surface reacted preferentially with the prepolymer, producing new urea hard domains and higher percentage of soft segments than in the PUD without GO derivative. All GO derivatives were well dispersed into the PU matrix. The PUD without GO derivative showed the most noticeable shear thinning and the addition of the GO derivative reduced the extent of shear thinning differently depending on its functional chemistry. The free urethane groups were dominant in all PUs and the addition of the GO derivative increased the percentage of the associated by hydrogen bond urethane groups. As a consequence, the addition of GO derivative caused a lower degree of micro-phase separation. All PUs containing GO derivatives exhibited an additional thermal decomposition at 190–206 °C which was ascribed to the GO derivative-poly(urethane urea) interactions, the lowest temperature corresponded to PU+A-GO. The PUs exhibited two structural relaxations, their temperatures decreased by adding the GO derivative, and the values of the maximum of tan delta in PU+r-GO and PU+A-GO were significantly higher than in the rest. The addition of the GO derivative increased the elongation-at-break, imparted some toughening, and increased the adhesion of the PUD. The highest T-peel strength values corresponded to the joints made with PUD+GO and PUD+r-GO, and a rupture of the substrate was obtained.

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Karlický, František, Kasibhatta Kumara Ramanatha Datta, Michal Otyepka i Radek Zbořil. "Halogenated Graphenes: Rapidly Growing Family of Graphene Derivatives". ACS Nano 7, nr 8 (15.07.2013): 6434–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nn4024027.

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Sadiq, Iqra, Syed Asim Ali i Tokeer Ahmad. "Graphene-Based Derivatives Heterostructured Catalytic Systems for Sustainable Hydrogen Energy via Overall Water Splitting". Catalysts 13, nr 1 (3.01.2023): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13010109.

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The global climate crisis has cultivated the demand for sustainable energy resources as fossil derivative fuels are functional in catalyzing the rate of environmental breakdown. Sustainable energy solutions generate various renewable energy prospects capable of delivering efficient energy operations. Among these prospects, green H2 energy generated via overall water splitting is an effective approach towards sustainability ascribed to the higher gravimetric density and efficiency of H2 fuel. In this review, we sought to discuss the applicability and challenges of graphene-based derivatives in H2 evolution operations through photochemical, electrochemical and photoelectrochemical water-splitting pathways. The unique layered structure of graphene-based derivatives alongside marvelous optoelectronic and physicochemical properties ease out the thermodynamic uphill of water splitting better than their non-layered counterparts. In addition, the heterojunction formation in the graphene derivatives with visible light catalysts propels the kinetics of HER. Functionalized GO and rGO derivatives of graphene are riveting catalysts that have received extensive interest from researchers attributed to their accelerated chemical and mechanical stability, tunable band structure and larger surface area, providing more exposed active sites for HER. The surface organic functional groups of GO/rGO assist in establishing synergetic interfacial contact with other catalysts. Thus, these groups provide structural and chemical versatility to GO/rGO-based heterostructured catalysts, which effectively improve their physicochemical parameters that drive their catalytic performance towards HER. In order to develop a cost-effective and highly efficient catalytic system, graphene-based derivatives are promising heterostructured catalysts that exhibit a good relationship between catalytic efficiency and robustness.

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Ahmadi, Roya, i Eysa Farajpour. "Theoretical study of the effect of the element silicon, the adsorption enthalpy nitrite, on the surface of graphene nanostructure". Ciência e Natura 37 (21.12.2015): 01. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x20820.

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The project is comparing four types of calculation derived graphene. To evaluate the effect of silicon element to Thermochemistry parameters of absorption of nitrite in these derivatives. Two of these derivatives of graphene carbon nitrite connection made, the difference is only in the state of Para and meta carbons connectivity state (named P & M). But in other Derivations first put silicon instead carbon in the meta and para position(named GER Si2 para & GER Si2 metha), then nitrite is added to the silicon(named P* & M*).

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Radey, Hawraa H., Hadi Z. Al-Sawaad i Moayed N. Khalaf. "Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Nano Derivatives of Graphene Oxide". Graphene 07, nr 03 (2018): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/graphene.2018.73003.

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Romiszewska, Anna, i Aneta Bombalska. "Antibacterial properties of graphene and its derivatives". Bulletin of the Military University of Technology 68, nr 4 (28.02.2020): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.9731.

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The work presents a literature review on the use of graphene and its derivatives as the potential protection against bacterial microflora. Addressed issues relate to an attempt to explain the mechanisms of impact of graphene and its derivatives: graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on the bacterial cells. Interaction of graphene materials (G, GO, rGO) with Gram(+) and Gram(-) were compared with regard to the concentration of the preparations, the nature of the culture medium and surface of graphene deposition. Issues related to the development of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were discussed, the effect of sharp edges of GM’s (nano-knife), biofilm formation and the potential application of graphene in nanomedicine. Keywords: biomedicine, graphene, graphene oxide antibacterial effect, biofilm

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Karimi, Samira, Emna Helal, Giovanna Gutierrez, Nima Moghimian, Milad Madinehei, Eric David, Mazen Samara i Nicole Demarquette. "A Review on Graphene’s Light Stabilizing Effects for Reduced Photodegradation of Polymers". Crystals 11, nr 1 (22.12.2020): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11010003.

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Graphene, the newest member of the carbon’s family, has proven its efficiency in improving polymers’ resistance against photodegradation, even at low loadings equal to 1 wt% or lower. This protective role involves a multitude of complementary mechanisms associated with graphene’s unique geometry and chemistry. In this review, these mechanisms, taking place during both the initiation and propagation steps of photodegradation, are discussed concerning graphene and graphene derivatives, i.e., graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). In particular, graphene displays important UV absorption, free radical scavenging, and quenching capabilities thanks to the abundant π-bonds and sp2 carbon sites in its hexagonal lattice structure. The free radical scavenging effect is also partially linked with functional hydroxyl groups on the surface. However, the sp2 sites remain the predominant player, which makes graphene’s antioxidant effect potentially stronger than rGO and GO. Besides, UV screening and oxygen barriers are active protective mechanisms attributed to graphene’s high surface area and 2D geometry. Moreover, the way that graphene, as a nucleating agent, can improve the photostability of polymers, have been explored as well. These include the potential effect of graphene on increasing polymer’s glass transition temperature and crystallinity.

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Rabchinskii, Maxim K., Vladimir V. Shnitov, Maria Brzhezinskaya, Marina V. Baidakova, Dina Yu Stolyarova, Sergey A. Ryzhkov, Svyatoslav D. Saveliev i in. "Manifesting Epoxide and Hydroxyl Groups in XPS Spectra and Valence Band of Graphene Derivatives". Nanomaterials 13, nr 1 (21.12.2022): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13010023.

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The derivatization of graphene to engineer its band structure is a subject of significant attention nowadays, extending the frames of graphene material applications in the fields of catalysis, sensing, and energy harvesting. Yet, the accurate identification of a certain group and its effect on graphene’s electronic structure is an intricate question. Herein, we propose the advanced fingerprinting of the epoxide and hydroxyl groups on the graphene layers via core-level methods and reveal the modification of their valence band (VB) upon the introduction of these oxygen functionalities. The distinctive contribution of epoxide and hydroxyl groups to the C 1s X-ray photoelectron spectra was indicated experimentally, allowing the quantitative characterization of each group, not just their sum. The appearance of a set of localized states in graphene’s VB related to the molecular orbitals of the introduced functionalities was signified both experimentally and theoretically. Applying the density functional theory calculations, the impact of the localized states corresponding to the molecular orbitals of the hydroxyl and epoxide groups was decomposed. Altogether, these findings unveiled the particular contribution of the epoxide and hydroxyl groups to the core-level spectra and band structure of graphene derivatives, advancing graphene functionalization as a tool to engineer its physical properties.

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Li, Houxuan, Ge Zhao i Hong Zhang. "Recent Progress of Cement-Based Materials Modified by Graphene and Its Derivatives". Materials 16, nr 10 (17.05.2023): 3783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16103783.

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Graphene, with its excellent properties and unique structure, has been extensively studied in the context of modifiable cement-based materials. However, a systematic summary of the status of numerous experimental results and applications is lacking. Therefore, this paper reviews the graphene materials that improve the properties of cement-based materials, including workability, mechanical properties, and durability. The influence of graphene material properties, mass ratio, and curing time on the mechanical properties and durability of concrete is discussed. Furthermore, graphene’s applications in improving interfacial adhesion, enhancing electrical and thermal conductivity of concrete, absorbing heavy metal ions, and collecting building energy are introduced. Finally, the existing issues in current study are analyzed, and the future development trends are foreseen.

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Ji, Guangmin, Jingkun Tian, Fei Xing i Yu Feng. "Optical Biosensor Based on Graphene and Its Derivatives for Detecting Biomolecules". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, nr 18 (16.09.2022): 10838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231810838.

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Graphene and its derivatives show great potential for biosensing due to their extraordinary optical, electrical and physical properties. In particular, graphene and its derivatives have excellent optical properties such as broadband and tunable absorption, fluorescence bursts, and strong polarization-related effects. Optical biosensors based on graphene and its derivatives make nondestructive detection of biomolecules possible. The focus of this paper is to review the preparation of graphene and its derivatives, as well as recent advances in optical biosensors based on graphene and its derivatives. The working principle of face plasmon resonance (SPR), surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and colorimetric sensors are summarized, and the advantages and disadvantages of graphene and its derivatives applicable to various types of sensors are analyzed, and the methods of surface functionalization of graphene and its derivatives are introduced; these optical biosensors can be used for the detection of a range of biomolecules such as single cells, cellular secretions, proteins, nucleic acids, and antigen-antibodies; these new high-performance optical sensors are capable of detecting changes in surface structure and biomolecular interactions with the advantages of ultra-fast detection, high sensitivity, label-free, specific recognition, and the ability to respond in real-time. Problems in the current stage of application are discussed, as well as future prospects for graphene and its biosensors. Achieving the applicability, reusability and low cost of novel optical biosensors for a variety of complex environments and achieving scale-up production, which still faces serious challenges.

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Tene, Talia, Stefano Bellucci, Marco Guevara, Fabian Arias Arias, Miguel Ángel Sáez Paguay, John Marcos Quispillo Moyota, Melvin Arias Polanco i in. "Adsorption of Mercury on Oxidized Graphenes". Nanomaterials 12, nr 17 (31.08.2022): 3025. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12173025.

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Graphene oxide (GO) and its reduced form, reduced graphene oxide (rGO), are among the most predominant graphene derivatives because their unique properties make them efficient adsorbent nanomaterials for water treatment. Although extra-functionalized GO and rGO are customarily employed for the removal of pollutants from aqueous solutions, the adsorption of heavy metals on non-extra-functionalized oxidized graphenes has not been thoroughly studied. Herein, the adsorption of mercury(II) (Hg(II)) on eco-friendly-prepared oxidized graphenes is reported. The work covers the preparation of GO and rGO as well as their characterization. In a further stage, the description of the adsorption mechanism is developed in terms of the kinetics, the associated isotherms, and the thermodynamics of the process. The interaction between Hg(II) and different positions of the oxidized graphene surface is explored by DFT calculations. The study outcomes particularly demonstrate that pristine rGO has better adsorbent properties compared to pristine GO and even other extra-functionalized ones.

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Santra, Chita Ranjan. "A Mini Review on Graphene - A Wonder Material for New Industrial and Biomedical Applications". American Journal of Applied Bio-Technology Research 2, nr 1 (1.01.2021): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15864/ajabtr.214.

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In this mini review we have demonstrated the enormous possibility of next generation electronic and biomedical applications of graphene and its derivatives (graphene oxides). Graphene and its derivatives (graphene oxide, GO, and reduced graphene oxide, rGO) are being evolved as “miracle materials” with manifold applications in different sectors of science and technology (starting from electronics, computer chips energy storage , clean water to tissue engineering in biological science).

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Wang, Xu, Peng Lu, Yuan Li, Huining Xiao i Xiangyang Liu. "Antibacterial activities and mechanisms of fluorinated graphene and guanidine-modified graphene". RSC Advances 6, nr 11 (2016): 8763–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra28030c.

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The antibacterial properties and mechanism of three types of graphene derivatives, graphene oxide (GO), fluorinated graphene (FG), and guanidine-modified graphene (PHGH-G), were comparatively studied.

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Piotrowski, Piotr, Agata Fedorczyk, Jacek Grebowski i Agnieszka Krogul-Sobczak. "Functionalization of Graphene by π–π Stacking with C60/C70/Sc3N@C80 Fullerene Derivatives for Supercapacitor Electrode Materials". C 8, nr 1 (11.03.2022): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/c8010017.

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Non-covalent modification of graphene is one of the strategies used for enhancing its energy storage properties. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a series of fullerene derivatives that are capable of assembly on graphene sheets by π–π stacking interactions. Newly synthesized graphene-fullerene hybrid nanomaterials were characterized using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. In order to determine the specific capacitance of obtained electrode materials galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements were performed. The obtained results allowed the determination of which fullerene core and type of substituent introduced on its surface can increase the capacitance of resulting electrode. Benefiting from introduced fullerene derivative molecules, graphene with naphthalene functionalized C70 fullerene showed specific capacitance enhanced by as much as 15% compared to the starting material.

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Kim, Taehoon, Gayeong Han i Yeonsu Jung. "Facile Fabrication of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Edge-Selectively Oxidized Graphene Composite Fibers". Materials 12, nr 21 (28.10.2019): 3525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12213525.

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Graphene derivatives are effective nanofillers for the enhancement of the matrix mechanical properties; nonetheless, graphene oxide (GO), reduced GO, and exfoliated graphene all present distinct advantages and disadvantages. In this study, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite fibers have been prepared using a recently reported graphene derivative, i.e., edge-selectively oxidized graphene (EOG). The PVA/EOG composite fibers were simply fabricated via conventional wet-spinning methods; thus, they can be produced at the commercial level. X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, and two-dimensional wide-angle X-ray scattering analyses were conducted to evaluate the EOG dispersibility and alignment in the PVA matrix. The tensile strength of the PVA/EOG composite fibers was 631.4 MPa at an EOG concentration of 0.3 wt %, which is 31.4% higher compared with PVA-only fibers (480.6 MPa); compared with PVA composite fibers made with GO, which is the most famous water-dispersible graphene derivative, the proposed PVA/EOG ones exhibited about 10% higher tensile strength. Therefore, EOG can be considered an effective nanofiller to enhance the strength of PVA fibers without additional thermal or chemical reduction processes.

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Żelechowska, Kamila, Marta Prześniak-Welenc, Marcin Łapiński, Izabela Kondratowicz i Tadeusz Miruszewski. "Fully scalable one-pot method for the production of phosphonic graphene derivatives". Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 8 (18.05.2017): 1094–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.8.111.

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Graphene oxide was functionalized with simultaneous reduction to produce phosphonated reduced graphene oxide in a novel, fully scalable, one-pot method. The phosphonic derivative of graphene was obtained through the reaction of graphene oxide with phosphorus trichloride in water. The newly synthesized reduced graphene oxide derivative was fully characterized by using spectroscopic methods along with thermal analysis. The morphology of the samples was examined by electron microscopy. The electrical studies revealed that the functionalized graphene derivative behaves in a way similar to chemically or thermally reduced graphene oxide, with an activation energy of 0.014 eV.

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Pourmadadi, Mehrab, Fatemeh Yazdian, Sara Hojjati i Kianoush Khosravi-Darani. "Detection of Microorganisms Using Graphene-Based Nanobiosensors". Food Technology and Biotechnology 59, nr 4 (2021): 496–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.17113/ftb.59.04.21.7223.

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Having an insight into graphene and graphene derivatives such as graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide and graphene quantum dots is necessary since it can help scientists to detect possible properties and features that could be useful when using these carbon materials in preparation of a nanocomposites. In recent years, graphene and its derivatives have attracted a lot of attention and been extensively applied in biosensors due to fascinating properties, such as large surface area, optical and magnetic properties, and high elasticity for the detection of microorganisms as they can be modified with some other materials such as macromolecules, oxide metals and metals to improve the electrochemical behaviour of the biosensor. In this review paper, biosensor design strategies based on graphene and its derivatives (graphene-based nanocomposites in biosensors) are described. Then their application for the detection of microorganisms including prions, viroids, viral and bacterial cells as well as fungi, protozoa, microbial toxins and even microbial sources of antibiotics is reviewed.

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Thi Thoa, Tran, Vu Chi Tuan, Pham Tho Hoan, Hoang Van Hung i Nguyen Thi Minh Hue. "Study of structural and electronic properties of graphene and some graphene derivatives based on orthorhombic unit cell by density functional theory". Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 60, nr 5 (1.11.2022): 794–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/16542.

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Pristine graphene and graphene derivatives have been investigated with the density functional theory (DFT). The calculations consist of structural optimization, density of states (DOS), projected density of states (PDOS) based on orthorhombic 4-atom unit cell. The obtained results are in good agreement with the experimental data. The highest deviations from the experiment are 0.35 % and 0.28 % for the lattice constant and bond length, respectively. In addition, the results of DOS, and PDOS have shed light on electronic properties of graphene. The functionalization of graphene leads to distortion of graphene sheet. New states around the Fermi level of graphene derivatives are mainly composed of 2p orbitals of carbon and oxygen atoms. Besides, structural and electronic properties of graphene and derivatives obtained from the 4-atom orthorhombic unit cell are in line with those from the traditional hexagonal 2-atom unit cell in the previous works. This result proved the reliability of the constructed orthorhombic 4-atom unit cell of graphene.

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Sahu, Dibyani, Harekrushna Sutar, Pragyan Senapati, Rabiranjan Murmu i Debashis Roy. "Graphene, Graphene-Derivatives and Composites: Fundamentals, Synthesis Approaches to Applications". Journal of Composites Science 5, nr 7 (9.07.2021): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs5070181.

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Graphene has accomplished huge notoriety and interest from the universe of science considering its exceptional mechanical physical and thermal properties. Graphene is an allotrope of carbon having one atom thick size and planar sheets thickly stuffed in a lattice structure resembling a honeycomb structure. Numerous methods to prepare graphene have been created throughout a limited span of time. Due to its fascinating properties, it has found some extensive applications to a wide variety of fields. So, we believe there is a necessity to produce a document of the outstanding methods and some of the novel applications of graphene. This article centres around the strategies to orchestrate graphene and its applications in an attempt to sum up the advancements that has taken place in the research of graphene.

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Mohan, Velram Balaji. "Handling and Risk Mitigation of Nanoscale Graphene and Related Materials: Some Considerations and Recommendations". C 5, nr 3 (1.07.2019): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/c5030036.

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The purpose of this communication is to put forward some considerations and recommendations while handling nanomaterials, especially graphene and its derivatives. A large graphene sheet is generally stable and inert; thus, graphene and its derivatives are not considered hazardous, but good laboratory practices should be taken seriously for the safe handling and use of such materials. This article provides some insights about nanoscale graphene handling and some important considerations.

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Sun, Jianlin, i Shaonan Du. "Application of graphene derivatives and their nanocomposites in tribology and lubrication: a review". RSC Advances 9, nr 69 (2019): 40642–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra05679c.

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Recent studies have found that other forms of graphene derivatives perform better in tribological and lubricating applications. This paper reviews the research progress of graphene derivatives and their nanocomposites in tribology and lubrication.

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Ramakrishna, Tejaswini R. B., Tim D. Nalder, Wenrong Yang, Susan N. Marshall i Colin J. Barrow. "Controlling enzyme function through immobilisation on graphene, graphene derivatives and other two dimensional nanomaterials". Journal of Materials Chemistry B 6, nr 20 (2018): 3200–3218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tb00313k.

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Singh, Anoop, Aamir Ahmed, Asha Sharma i Sandeep Arya. "Graphene and Its Derivatives: Synthesis and Application in the Electrochemical Detection of Analytes in Sweat". Biosensors 12, nr 10 (21.10.2022): 910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12100910.

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Wearable sensors and invasive devices have been studied extensively in recent years as the demand for real-time human healthcare applications and seamless human–machine interaction has risen exponentially. An explosion in sensor research throughout the globe has been ignited by the unique features such as thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties of graphene. This includes wearable sensors and implants, which can detect a wide range of data, including body temperature, pulse oxygenation, blood pressure, glucose, and the other analytes present in sweat. Graphene-based sensors for real-time human health monitoring are also being developed. This review is a comprehensive discussion about the properties of graphene, routes to its synthesis, derivatives of graphene, etc. Moreover, the basic features of a biosensor along with the chemistry of sweat are also discussed in detail. The review mainly focusses on the graphene and its derivative-based wearable sensors for the detection of analytes in sweat. Graphene-based sensors for health monitoring will be examined and explained in this study as an overview of the most current innovations in sensor designs, sensing processes, technological advancements, sensor system components, and potential hurdles. The future holds great opportunities for the development of efficient and advanced graphene-based sensors for the detection of analytes in sweat.

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Koutsioukis, Apostolos, Katerina Vrettos, Vassiliki Belessi i Vasilios Georgakilas. "Conductivity Enhancement of Graphene and Graphene Derivatives by Silver Nanoparticles". Applied Sciences 13, nr 13 (27.06.2023): 7600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13137600.

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In this article, a facile way for the doping of graphene and graphene derivatives with silver nanoparticles at different Ag ratios is described. Ag nanoparticles were formed directly on the surface of two different graphene substrates dispersed in dimethylformamide by the reduction of Ag cations with NaBH4. A few layered graphene nanosheets (FLG) produced from graphite and reduced graphene oxide functionalized with amino arylsulfonates (f-rGO) were used as substrates. The final graphene/Ag nanoparticle hybrid in the form of solid, dense spots showed enhanced electrical conductivity, which can be attributed to the formation of conductive interconnections between the 2D nanosheets. Importantly, electrical conductivities of 20 and 167 103 S m−1 were measured for the hybrids of f-rGO and FLG, respectively, with the higher Ag percentage without an annealing process. A representative hybrid f-rGO with Ag nanoparticles was used for the development of a highly conductive water-based gravure ink with excellent printing properties.

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Genorio, Bostjan, i Miha Nosan. "Highly Exfoliated N-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide Derivatives Synthesis and Application". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, nr 7 (7.07.2022): 656. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-017656mtgabs.

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Carbon-based nanomaterials such as graphene, graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, graphene nanoribbons, etc. are considered as promising materials for energy storage and conversion, electrode sensing, optical and electronic applications. High specific surface area, porosity, and chemical modifications are some of the most important factors for tailoring the (electro)chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of graphene derivatives.1 Nitrogen-doped graphene derivatives have been identified as promising materials for energy storage and conversion2 and sensing applications. One of the most common syntheses of N-doped graphene derivatives is the N-doping of graphene oxide prepared by the Hummers method. The methods for simultaneous N-doping and reduction of graphene oxide are diverse: thermal annealing, pyrolysis, solvothermal, laser ablation, microwave-assisted, and hydrazine treatment.1 However, the above methods yield N-doped graphene derivatives, which are usually poorly exfoliated and have a low specific surface area. Therefore, an efficient strategy to improve the specific surface area of N-doped graphene oxide derivatives needs to be developed.3 Herein we present a new "induction heating method" for the preparation of N-doped reduced graphene oxide derivatives (N-rGOD) with a high specific surface area. N-rGOD was prepared in a two-step process from commercially available graphites (Gs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). In the first step, graphite oxide precursors were synthesized from Gs or MWCNTs by the improved Hummers method. In the second step, the graphite oxide precursors were subjected to rapid heat treatment by induction heating in a reductive ammonia atmosphere. Due to the rapid thermal expansion of graphite oxide, massive exfoliation occurred to obtain N-rGOD with higher specific surface area.4 These materials were tested for energy storage and conversion applications and showed excellent properties. References (1) Xu, H.; Ma, L.; Jin, Z. Nitrogen-Doped Graphene: Synthesis, Characterizations and Energy Applications. J. Energy Chem. 2018, 27 (1), 146–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2017.12.006. (2) Nosan, M.; Löffler, M.; Jerman, I.; Kolar, M.; Katsounaros, I.; Genorio, B. Understanding the Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity of Quasi-1D and 2D N-Doped Heat-Treated Graphene Oxide Catalysts with Inherent Metal Impurities. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.1c00026. (3) Alazmi, A.; El Tall, O.; Rasul, S.; Hedhili, M. N.; Patole, S. P.; Costa, P. M. F. J. A Process to Enhance the Specific Surface Area and Capacitance of Hydrothermally Reduced Graphene Oxide. Nanoscale 2016, 8 (41), 17782–17787. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6nr04426c. (4) Qiu, Y.; Guo, F.; Hurt, R.; Külaots, I. Explosive Thermal Reduction of Graphene Oxide-Based Materials: Mechanism and Safety Implications. Carbon N. Y. 2014, 72, 215–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2014.02.005.

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Oprea, Madalina, i Stefan Ioan Voicu. "Cellulose Composites with Graphene for Tissue Engineering Applications". Materials 13, nr 23 (25.11.2020): 5347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13235347.

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Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field that combines principles of engineering and life sciences to obtain biomaterials capable of maintaining, improving, or substituting the function of various tissues or even an entire organ. In virtue of its high availability, biocompatibility and versatility, cellulose was considered a promising platform for such applications. The combination of cellulose with graphene or graphene derivatives leads to the obtainment of superior composites in terms of cellular attachment, growth and proliferation, integration into host tissue, and stem cell differentiation toward specific lineages. The current review provides an up-to-date summary of the status of the field of cellulose composites with graphene for tissue engineering applications. The preparation methods and the biological performance of cellulose paper, bacterial cellulose, and cellulose derivatives-based composites with graphene, graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide were mainly discussed. The importance of the cellulose-based matrix and the contribution of graphene and graphene derivatives fillers as well as several key applications of these hybrid materials, particularly for the development of multifunctional scaffolds for cell culture, bone and neural tissue regeneration were also highlighted.

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Sun, Pengzhan, Kunlin Wang, Jinquan Wei, Minlin Zhong, Dehai Wu i Hongwei Zhu. "Magnetic transitions in graphene derivatives". Nano Research 7, nr 10 (16.08.2014): 1507–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12274-014-0512-1.

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Barra, Ana, Jéssica D. C. Santos, Mariana R. F. Silva, Cláudia Nunes, Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky, Idalina Gonçalves, Selçuk Yildirim, Paula Ferreira i Paula A. A. P. Marques. "Graphene Derivatives in Biopolymer-Based Composites for Food Packaging Applications". Nanomaterials 10, nr 10 (21.10.2020): 2077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10102077.

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This review aims to showcase the current use of graphene derivatives, graphene-based nanomaterials in particular, in biopolymer-based composites for food packaging applications. A brief introduction regarding the valuable attributes of available and emergent bioplastic materials is made so that their contributions to the packaging field can be understood. Furthermore, their drawbacks are also disclosed to highlight the benefits that graphene derivatives can bring to bio-based formulations, from physicochemical to mechanical, barrier, and functional properties as antioxidant activity or electrical conductivity. The reported improvements in biopolymer-based composites carried out by graphene derivatives in the last three years are discussed, pointing to their potential for innovative food packaging applications such as electrically conductive food packaging.

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Ansari, Mohammad Omaish, Kalamegam Gauthaman, Abdurahman Essa, Sidi A. Bencherif i Adnan Memic. "Graphene and Graphene-Based Materials in Biomedical Applications". Current Medicinal Chemistry 26, nr 38 (3.01.2019): 6834–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867326666190705155854.

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: Nanobiotechnology has huge potential in the field of regenerative medicine. One of the main drivers has been the development of novel nanomaterials. One developing class of materials is graphene and its derivatives recognized for their novel properties present on the nanoscale. In particular, graphene and graphene-based nanomaterials have been shown to have excellent electrical, mechanical, optical and thermal properties. Due to these unique properties coupled with the ability to tune their biocompatibility, these nanomaterials have been propelled for various applications. Most recently, these two-dimensional nanomaterials have been widely recognized for their utility in biomedical research. In this review, a brief overview of the strategies to synthesize graphene and its derivatives are discussed. Next, the biocompatibility profile of these nanomaterials as a precursor to their biomedical application is reviewed. Finally, recent applications of graphene-based nanomaterials in various biomedical fields including tissue engineering, drug and gene delivery, biosensing and bioimaging as well as other biorelated studies are highlighted.

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Tian, Jing, Hongyu Shi, Haoquan Hu, Bo Chen, Yongfang Bao i Pu Tang. "Implementation of Atomically Thick Graphene and Its Derivatives in Electromagnetic Absorbers". Applied Sciences 9, nr 3 (23.01.2019): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9030388.

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To reduce the radar cross section at microwave frequencies, it is necessary to implement electromagnetic (EM) absorbing devices/materials to decrease the strength of reflected waves. In addition, EM absorbers also find their applications at higher spectrum such as THz and optical frequencies. As an atomic-thick two-dimensional (2D) material, graphene has been widely used in the development of EM devices. The conductivity of graphene can be electrostatically or chemically tuned from microwave to optical light frequencies, enabling the design of reconfigurable graphene EM absorbers. Meanwhile, the derivatives of graphene such as reduced graphene oxide (rGO) also demonstrate excellent wave absorbing properties when mixed with other materials. In this article, the research progress of graphene and its derivatives based EM absorbers are introduced and the future development of graphene EM absorbing devices are also discussed.

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Jiang, Yi, Pratim Biswas i John D. Fortner. "A review of recent developments in graphene-enabled membranes for water treatment". Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 2, nr 6 (2016): 915–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ew00187d.

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Li, Xiaojing, Kaili Lin i Zuolin Wang. "Enhanced growth and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells on Ti6Al4V alloys modified with reduced graphene oxide". RSC Advances 7, nr 24 (2017): 14430–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra25832h.

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Bogdanovic, Gordana, i Aleksandar Djordjevic. "Carbon nanomaterials: Biologically active fullerene derivatives". Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 144, nr 3-4 (2016): 222–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh1604222b.

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Since their discovery, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene attract significant attention of researches in various scientific fields including biomedicine. Nano-scale size and a possibility for diverse surface modifications allow carbon nanoallotropes to become an indispensable nanostructured material in nanotechnologies, including nanomedicine. Manipulation of surface chemistry has created diverse populations of water-soluble derivatives of fullerenes, which exhibit different behaviors. Both non-derivatized and derivatized fullerenes show various biological activities. Cellular processes that underline their toxicity are oxidative, genotoxic, and cytotoxic responses. The antioxidant/cytoprotective properties of fullerenes and derivatives have been considered in the prevention of organ oxidative damage and treatment. The same unique physiochemical properties of nanomaterials may also be associated with potential health hazards. Non-biodegradability and toxicity of carbon nanoparticles still remain a great concern in the area of biomedical application. In this review, we report on basic physical and chemical properties of carbon nano-clusters - fullerenes, nanotubes, and graphene - their specificities, activities, and potential application in biological systems. Special emphasis is given to our most important results obtained in vitro and in vivo using polyhydroxylated fullerene derivative C60(OH)24.

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Avraham, Hanan, Yanir Kadosh, Eli Korin i Armand Bettelheim. "Charge and Hydrogen Storage Capacities of Electrodeposited Graphene Derivatives". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, nr 7 (7.07.2022): 668. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-017668mtgabs.

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Graphene’s theoretical capacitance and physical hydrogen storage abilitiesmark it as one of the best candidates for energy storage application. Graphene oxide (GO) is easy to manufacture in bulk synthesis and can be considered as a precursor for graphene synthesis. The application of graphene on the surface of electrodes can be achieved by different techniques as drop-coating and electrodeposition. It has been reported that the electrochemical hydrogen storage is favored in samples with a well-developed porosity and a low content in surface oxygen complexes. Both features indicate that the unsaturated carbon atoms in the carbon materials have an important role for the hydrogen uptake. It has also been suggested that the total capacity of hydrogen storage is proportional to the interlayer distance and not to the carbon specific surface area. The present work presents an investigation of electrodeposited GO coatings (ED), which have subsequently been electroreduced to various degrees of rGO, and relate their charge capacitance and hydrogen storage capacity to the preparation mode, morphological structure, and surface chemistry. These properties were compared to those of drop-cast (DC) coatings of GO. The ED coatings were characterized by more accumulated graphene sheets imperfections as observed by cross section TEM analysis. These coatings, when reduced at -1.6 V vs Hg/HgO showed more efficient removal of phenolic groups than DC ones treated at the same potential (remaining contents of 2.1 and 18.1 %, respectively). They also showed lower charge transfer resistance (5.2 and 28 Ω cm2, respectively), higher capacitance (73.2 and 42.6 F/g, respectively), and higher hydrogen storage capacity (119 and 57 mAh/g, respectively). Moreover, they showed higher stability towards H2 charge/discharge cycles (retained hydrogen capacities of 95 and 40 % after 15 and 6 cycles for ED and DC coatings reduced at -1.5 V, respectively). The removal during the electroreduction process of phenolic groups located at the graphene sheets edges of the ED coatings and their higher pseudo-capacitance can explain their lower charge transfer resistance and their higher pseudo-capacitance, respectively. Their superior stability towards hydrogen charge/discharge cycles is suggested to stem from evolving hydrogen escape routes created during the ED process. The superior performance properties of coatings obtained by ED and subsequently electro-reduced make them promising electrode materials for energy storage.

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Qazi, Umair Yaqub, i Rahat Javaid. "Graphene Utilization for Efficient Energy Storage and Potential Applications: Challenges and Future Implementations". Energies 16, nr 6 (22.03.2023): 2927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16062927.

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Allotropes of carbon are responsible for discovering the three significant carbon-based compounds, fullerene, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. Over the last few decades, groundbreaking graphene with the finest two-dimensional atomic structure has emerged as the driving force behind new research and development because of its remarkable mechanical, electrical, thermal, and optical functionalities with high surface area. Synthesis of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) has resulted in numerous applications that previously had not been possible, incorporating sensing and adsorbent properties. Our study covers the most prevalent synthetic methods for making these graphene derivatives and how these methods impact the material’s main features. In particular, it emphasizes the application to water purification, CO2 capture, biomedical, potential energy storage, and conversion applications. Finally, we look at the future of sustainable utilization, its applications, and the challenges which must be solved for efficient application of graphene at large scales. Graphene-based derivative implementations, obstacles, and prospects for further research and development are also examined in this review paper.

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Muraru, Sebastian, Cosmin G. Samoila, Emil I. Slusanschi, Jorge S. Burns i Mariana Ionita. "Molecular Dynamics Simulations of DNA Adsorption on Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide-PEG-NH2 in the Presence of Mg2+ and Cl− ions". Coatings 10, nr 3 (20.03.2020): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10030289.

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Graphene and its functionalised derivatives are transforming the development of biosensors that are capable of detecting nucleic acid hybridization. Using a Molecular Dynamics (MD) approach, we explored single-stranded or double-stranded deoxyribose nucleic acid (ssDNA or dsDNA) adsorption on two graphenic species: graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide functionalized with aminated polyethylene glycol (rGO-PEG-NH2). Innovatively, we included chloride (Cl−) and magnesium (Mg2+) ions that influenced both the ssDNA and dsDNA adsorption on GO and rGO-PEG-NH2 surfaces. Unlike Cl−, divalent Mg2+ ions formed bridges between the GO surface and DNA molecules, promoting adsorption through electrostatic interactions. For rGO-PEG-NH2, the Mg2+ ions were repulsed from the graphenic surface. The subsequent ssDNA adsorption, mainly influenced by electrostatic forces and hydrogen bonds, could be supported by π–π stacking interactions that were absent in the case of dsDNA. We provide a novel insight for guiding biosensor development.

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Liu, Gongping, Wanqin Jin i Nanping Xu. "Graphene-based membranes". Chemical Society Reviews 44, nr 15 (2015): 5016–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cs00423j.

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de Oliveira, Mário César Albuquerque, i Helinando Pequeno de Oliveira. "Strategies for Development of High-Performance Graphene-Based Supercapacitor". Current Graphene Science 3, nr 1 (28.12.2020): 2–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2452273203666190612122535.

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The development of high-performance supercapacitors requires efforts in materials design and nanotechnology to provide more efficient electrodes with higher electrochemical window, capacitance, energy and power density. In terms of candidates for electrodes, the high surface area of graphene (2630 m2g-1) makes this carbon derivative a widely explored building block for supercapacitor electrodes. Herein, it is presented a review about the state-of-art in surface modification of graphene derivatives with the aim of avoiding restacking processes in nanosheets. It allows that Faradaic and non-Faradaic mechanisms can be synergically explored to reach not only superior results in power density but in energy density, a typical drawback in supercapacitors (by comparison with conventional batteries), introducing graphene-based supercapacitors as promising candidates for energy storage devices.

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Yang, Yin-Cai, Wei-Qing Huang, Liang Xu, Wangyu Hu, P. Peng i Gui-Fang Huang. "Hybrid TiO2/graphene derivatives nanocomposites: is functionalized graphene better than pristine graphene for enhanced photocatalytic activity?" Catalysis Science & Technology 7, nr 6 (2017): 1423–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cy02224c.

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Angizi, Shayan, Xianxuan Huang, Lea Hong, Md Ali Akbar, P. Ravi Selvaganapathy i Peter Kruse. "Defect Density-Dependent pH Response of Graphene Derivatives: Towards the Development of pH-Sensitive Graphene Oxide Devices". Nanomaterials 12, nr 11 (25.05.2022): 1801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12111801.

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In this study, we demonstrate that a highly pH-sensitive substrate could be fabricated by controlling the type and defect density of graphene derivatives. Nanomaterials from single-layer graphene resembling a defect-free structure to few-layer graphene and graphene oxide with high defect density were used to demonstrate the pH-sensing mechanisms of graphene. We show the presence of three competing mechanisms of pH sensitivity, including the availability of functional groups, the electrochemical double layer, and the ion trapping that determines the overall pH response. The graphene surface was selectively functionalized with hydroxyl, amine, and carboxyl groups to understand the role and density of the graphene pH-sensitive functional groups. Later, we establish the development of highly pH-sensitive graphene oxide by controlling its defect density. This research opens a new avenue for integrating micro–nano-sized pH sensors based on graphene derivatives into next-generation sensing platforms.

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