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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Granule Disassembly"
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Gwon, Youngdae, Brian A. Maxwell, Regina-Maria Kolaitis, Peipei Zhang, Hong Joo Kim i J. Paul Taylor. "Ubiquitination of G3BP1 mediates stress granule disassembly in a context-specific manner". Science 372, nr 6549 (24.06.2021): eabf6548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abf6548.
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Stress granules are dynamic, reversible condensates composed of RNA and protein that assemble in eukaryotic cells in response to a variety of stressors and are normally disassembled after stress is removed. The composition and assembly of stress granules is well understood, but little is known about the mechanisms that govern disassembly. Impaired disassembly has been implicated in some diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, and multisystem proteinopathy. Using cultured human cells, we found that stress granule disassembly was context-dependent: Specifically in the setting of heat shock, disassembly required ubiquitination of G3BP1, the central protein within the stress granule RNA-protein network. We found that ubiquitinated G3BP1 interacted with the endoplasmic reticulum–associated protein FAF2, which engaged the ubiquitin-dependent segregase p97/VCP (valosin-containing protein). Thus, targeting of G3BP1 weakened the stress granule–specific interaction network, resulting in granule disassembly.
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Jakobson, Christopher M., i Daniel F. Jarosz. "Metabolites control stress granule disassembly". Nature Cell Biology 23, nr 10 (październik 2021): 1053–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41556-021-00768-w.
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Panas, Marc D., Pavel Ivanov i Paul Anderson. "Mechanistic insights into mammalian stress granule dynamics". Journal of Cell Biology 215, nr 3 (7.11.2016): 313–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201609081.
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The accumulation of stalled translation preinitiation complexes (PICs) mediates the condensation of stress granules (SGs). Interactions between prion-related domains and intrinsically disordered protein regions found in SG-nucleating proteins promote the condensation of ribonucleoproteins into SGs. We propose that PIC components, especially 40S ribosomes and mRNA, recruit nucleators that trigger SG condensation. With resolution of stress, translation reinitiation reverses this process and SGs disassemble. By cooperatively modulating the assembly and disassembly of SGs, ribonucleoprotein condensation can influence the survival and recovery of cells exposed to unfavorable environmental conditions.
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Dang, Yongjun, Nancy Kedersha, Woon-Kai Low, Daniel Romo, Myriam Gorospe, Randal Kaufman, Paul Anderson i Jun O. Liu. "Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2α-independent Pathway of Stress Granule Induction by the Natural Product Pateamine A". Journal of Biological Chemistry 281, nr 43 (2.09.2006): 32870–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m606149200.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Stress granules are aggregates of small ribosomal subunits, mRNA, and numerous associated RNA-binding proteins that include several translation initiation factors. Stress granule assembly occurs in the cytoplasm of higher eukaryotic cells under a wide variety of stress conditions, including heat shock, UV irradiation, hypoxia, and exposure to arsenite. Thus far, a unifying principle of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α phosphorylation prior to stress granule formation has been observed from the majority of experimental evidence. Pateamine A, a natural product isolated from marine sponge, was recently reported to inhibit eukaryotic translation initiation and induce the formation of stress granules. In this report, the protein composition and fundamental progression of stress granule formation and disassembly induced by pateamine A was found to be similar to that for arsenite. However, pateamine A-induced stress granules were more stable and less prone to disassembly than those formed in the presence of arsenite. Most significantly, pateamine A induced stress granules independent of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α phosphorylation, suggesting an alternative mechanism of formation from that previously described for other cellular stresses. Taking into account the known inhibitory effect of pateamine A on eukaryotic translation initiation, a model is proposed to account for the induction of stress granules by pateamine A as well as other stress conditions through perturbation of any steps prior to the rejoining of the 60S ribosomal subunit during the entire translation initiation process.
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Xie, Wen, i Robert B. Denman. "Protein Methylation and Stress Granules: Posttranslational Remodeler or Innocent Bystander?" Molecular Biology International 2011 (24.02.2011): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/137459.
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Stress granules contain a large number of post-translationally modified proteins, and studies have shown that these modifications serve as recruitment tags for specific proteins and even control the assembly and disassembly of the granules themselves. Work originating from our laboratory has focused on the role protein methylation plays in stress granule composition and function. We have demonstrated that both asymmetrically and symmetrically dimethylated proteins are core constituents of stress granules, and we have endeavored to understand when and how this occurs. Here we seek to integrate this data into a framework consisting of the currently known post-translational modifications affecting stress granules to produce a model of stress granule dynamics that, in turn, may serve as a benchmark for understanding and predicting how post-translational modifications regulate other granule types.
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Chen, Wenjun, Yabing Hu, Charles F. Lang, Jordan S. Brown, Sierra Schwabach, Xiaoyan Song, Ying Zhang i in. "The Dynamics of P Granule Liquid Droplets Are Regulated by the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline RNA Helicase GLH-1 via Its ATP Hydrolysis Cycle". Genetics 215, nr 2 (3.04.2020): 421–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.120.303052.
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P granules are phase-separated liquid droplets that play important roles in the maintenance of germ cell fate in Caenorhabditis elegans. Both the localization and formation of P granules are highly dynamic, but mechanisms that regulate such processes remain poorly understood. Here, we show evidence that the VASA-like germline RNA helicase GLH-1 couples distinct steps of its ATPase hydrolysis cycle to control the formation and disassembly of P granules. In addition, we found that the phenylalanine-glycine-glycine repeats in GLH-1 promote its localization at the perinucleus. Proteomic analyses of the GLH-1 complex with a GLH-1 mutation that interferes with P granule disassembly revealed transient interactions of GLH-1 with several Argonautes and RNA-binding proteins. Finally, we found that defects in recruiting the P granule component PRG-1 to perinuclear foci in the adult germline correlate with the fertility defects observed in various GLH-1 mutants. Together, our results highlight the versatile roles of an RNA helicase in controlling the formation of liquid droplets in space and time.
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Hird, S. N., J. E. Paulsen i S. Strome. "Segregation of germ granules in living Caenorhabditis elegans embryos: cell-type-specific mechanisms for cytoplasmic localisation". Development 122, nr 4 (1.04.1996): 1303–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.122.4.1303.
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Germ granules are ribonucleoprotein particles that are thought to function in germline specification in invertebrates and possibly in vertebrates. In Caenorhabditis elegans, these structures, termed P granules, are partitioned to the germline P cells during the early embryonic divisions. By injecting a fluorescently labelled anti-P-granule antibody into the C. elegans germline syncitium, we followed P-granule segregation in live embryos using laser-scanning confocal microscopy. We show that, in early P cells (P0 and P1), P-granule partitioning is achieved primarily by their migration through the cytoplasm towards the site of formation of the germline daughter cell. A different mechanism appears to operate in later P cells (P2 and P3): P granules associate with the nucleus and move with it toward the site of formation of the germline daughter cell, where they are then deposited. At each division, there is also disassembly or degradation of those P granules that remain in the cytoplasm destined for the somatic daughter cell. Microfilaments, microtubules and the product of the gene mes-1 are required for the normal pattern of P-granule segregation in P2.
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Chandler, D. E., M. Whitaker i J. Zimmerberg. "High molecular weight polymers block cortical granule exocytosis in sea urchin eggs at the level of granule matrix disassembly." Journal of Cell Biology 109, nr 3 (1.09.1989): 1269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.109.3.1269.
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Recently, we have shown that high molecular weight polymers inhibit cortical granule exocytosis at total osmolalities only slightly higher than that of sea water (Whitaker, M., and J. Zimmerberg. 1987. J. Physiol. 389:527-539). In this study, we visualize the step at which this inhibition occurs. Lytechinus pictus and Strongylocentrotus purpuratus eggs were exposed to 0.8 M stachyose or 40% (wt/vol) dextran (average molecular mass of 10 kD) in artificial sea water, activated with 60 microM of the calcium ionophore A23187, and then either fixed with glutaraldehyde and embedded or quick-frozen and freeze-fractured. Stachyose (2.6 osmol/kg) appears to inhibit cortical granule exocytosis by eliciting formation of a granule-free zone (GFZ) in the egg cortex which pushes granules away from the plasma membrane thus preventing their fusion. In contrast, 40% dextran (1.58 osmol/kg) does not result in a GFZ and cortical granules undergo fusion. In some specimens, the pores joining granule and plasma membranes are relatively small; in other cases, the exocytotic pocket has been stabilized in an omega configuration and the granule matrix remains intact. These observations suggest that high molecular weight polymers block exocytosis because of their inability to enter the granule matrix: they retard the water entry that is needed for matrix dispersal.
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Maxwell, Brian A., Youngdae Gwon, Ashutosh Mishra, Junmin Peng, Haruko Nakamura, Ke Zhang, Hong Joo Kim i J. Paul Taylor. "Ubiquitination is essential for recovery of cellular activities after heat shock". Science 372, nr 6549 (24.06.2021): eabc3593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abc3593.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Eukaryotic cells respond to stress through adaptive programs that include reversible shutdown of key cellular processes, the formation of stress granules, and a global increase in ubiquitination. The primary function of this ubiquitination is thought to be for tagging damaged or misfolded proteins for degradation. Here, working in mammalian cultured cells, we found that different stresses elicited distinct ubiquitination patterns. For heat stress, ubiquitination targeted specific proteins associated with cellular activities that are down-regulated during stress, including nucleocytoplasmic transport and translation, as well as stress granule constituents. Ubiquitination was not required for the shutdown of these processes or for stress granule formation but was essential for the resumption of cellular activities and for stress granule disassembly. Thus, stress-induced ubiquitination primes the cell for recovery after heat stress.
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Hofmann, Sarah, Nancy Kedersha, Paul Anderson i Pavel Ivanov. "Molecular mechanisms of stress granule assembly and disassembly". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research 1868, nr 1 (styczeń 2021): 118876. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118876.
Pełny tekst źródłaRozprawy doktorskie na temat "Granule Disassembly"
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Roy, Raju. "Exploring the role of low complexity protein sequence in regulating RNA granule dynamics and translation control". Thesis, 2022. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/5975.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
RNA granules are conserved membraneless mRNP complexes that play an important role in determining mRNA fate by affecting translation repression and mRNA decay. Processing bodies (P-bodies) harbor enzymes responsible for mRNA decay and proteins involved in modulating translation. Although many proteins have been identified to play a role in P-body assembly, a bonafide disassembly factor remains unknown. We observed that Sbp1 with the help of its RGG-motif promotes P-body disassembly in S. cerevisiae. This study provides an example of the role of low complexity sequence in RNA granule disassembly. We have further explored the role of human RGG-motif containing proteins in regulation of translation. Here we studied LSM14A (human homolog of Scd6) in maintaining RNA granule dynamics and regulation of mRNA. We observe that LSM14A binds to human eIF4G and plays an important role in regulating the translation of certain mRNAs in response to genotoxic stress. Overall using a combination of yeast and human cell culture system, this study provides critical insight into the role of conserved low complexity sequences.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Granule Disassembly"
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Fujime, Satoru, Shigeaki Miyamoto, Takashi Funatsu i S. Ishiwata. "Dynamic light-scattering study on changes in mobility of chromaffin granules in actin network with its assembly and Ca2+-dependent disassembly by gelsolin". W Laser Spectroscopy of Biomolecules: 4th International Conference on Laser Applications in Life Sciences, redaktor Jouko E. Korppi-Tommola. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.146216.
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De Los Santos, Nancy, Robert Jones, Constantine M. Tarawneh, Arturo Fuentes i Anthony Villarreal. "Development of Prognostic Techniques for Surface Defect Growth in Railroad Bearing Rolling Elements". W 2017 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2017-2262.
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Prevention of bearing failures which may lead to catastrophic derailment is a major safety concern for the railroad industry. Advances in bearing condition monitoring hold the promise of early detection of bearing defects, which will improve system reliability by permitting early replacement of failing components. However, to minimize disruption to operations while providing the maximum level of accident prevention that early detection affords, it will be necessary to understand the defect growth process and try to quantify the growth speed to permit economical, non-disruptive replacement of failing components rather than relying on immediate removal upon detection. The study presented here investigates the correlation between the rate of surface defect (i.e. spall) growth per mile of full-load operation and the size of the defects. The data used for this study was acquired from defective bearings that were run under various load and speed conditions utilizing specialized railroad bearing dynamic test rigs operated by the University Transportation Center for Railway Safety (UTCRS) at the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley (UTRGV). Periodic removal and disassembly of the railroad bearings was carried out for inspection and defect size measurement and documentation. Castings were made of spalls using low-melting, zero shrinkage Bismuth-based alloys so that a permanent record of the full spall geometry could be retained. Spalls were measured using optical techniques coupled with digital image analysis and also with a manual coordinate measuring instrument with the resulting field of points manipulated in MatLab™ and Solidworks™. The spall growth rate in area per mile of full-load operation was determined and, when plotted versus spall area, clear trends emerge. Initial spall size is randomly distributed as it depends on originating defect depth, size, and location on the rolling raceway. The growth of surface spalls is characterized by two growth regimes with an initial slower growth rate which then accelerates when spalls reach a critical size. Scatter is significant but upper and lower bounds for spall growth rates are proposed and the critical dimension for transition to rapid spall growth is estimated. The main result of this study is a preliminary model for spall growth which can be coupled to bearing condition monitoring tools to permit economical scheduling of bearing replacement after the initial detection of spalls.
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De Los Santos, Nancy, Constantine M. Tarawneh, Robert E. Jones i Arturo Fuentes. "Defect Prognostics Models for Spall Growth in Railroad Bearing Rolling Elements". W 2018 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2018-6214.
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Prevention of railroad bearing failures, which may lead to catastrophic derailments, is a central safety concern. Early detection of railway component defects, specifically bearing spalls, will improve overall system reliability by allowing proactive maintenance cycles rather than costly reactive replacement of failing components. A bearing health monitoring system will provide timely detection of flaws. However, absent a well verified model for defect propagation, detection can only be used to trigger an immediate component replacement. The development of such a model requires that the spall growth process be mapped out by accumulating associated signals generated by various size spalls. The addition of this information to an integrated health monitoring system will minimize operation disruption and maintain maximum accident prevention standards enabling timely and economical replacements of failing components. An earlier study done by the authors focused on bearing outer ring (cup) raceway defects. The developed model predicts that any cup raceway surface defect (i.e. spall) once reaching a critical size (spall area) will grow according to a linear correlation with mileage. The work presented here investigates spall growth within the inner rings (cones) of railroad bearings as a function of mileage. The data for this study were acquired from defective bearings that were run under various load and speed conditions utilizing specialized railroad bearing dynamic test rigs owned by the University Transportation Center for Railway Safety (UTCRS) at the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley (UTRGV). The experimental process is based on a testing cycle that allows continuous growth of railroad bearing defects until one of two conditions are met; either the defect is allowed to grow to a size that does not jeopardize the safe operation of the test rig, or the change in area of the spall is less than 10% of its previous size prior to the start of testing. The initial spall size is randomly distributed as it depends on the originating defect depth, size, and location on the rolling raceway. Periodic removal and disassembly of the railroad bearings was carried out for inspection and defect size measurement along with detailed documentation. Spalls were measured using optical techniques coupled with digital image analysis, as well as, with a manual coordinate measuring instrument with the resulting field of points manipulated in MatLab™. Castings were made of spalls using low-melting, zero-shrinkage bismuth-based alloys, so that a permanent record of the spall geometry and its growth history can be retained. The main result of this study is a preliminary model for spall growth, which can be coupled with bearing condition monitoring tools that will allow economical and effective scheduling of proactive maintenance cycles that aim to mitigate derailments, and reduce unnecessary train stoppages and associated costly delays on busy railways.
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Tarawneh, Constantine, James A. Aranda, Veronica V. Hernandez i Claudia J. Ramirez. "An Analysis of the Efficacy of Wayside Hot-Box Detector Data". W 2018 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2018-6218.
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Wayside hot-box detectors (HBDs) are devices that are currently used to monitor bearing, axle, and brake temperatures as a way of assessing railcar component health and to indicate any possible overheating or abnormal operating conditions. Conventional hot-box detectors are set to alarm whenever a bearing is operating at a temperature that is 94.4°C (170°F) above ambient, or when there is a 52.8°C (95°F) temperature difference between two bearings that share an axle. These detectors are placed adjacent to the railway and utilize an infrared sensor in order to obtain temperature measurements. Bearings that trigger HBDs or display temperature trending behavior are removed from service for disassembly and inspection. Upon teardown, bearings that do not exhibit any discernible defects are labeled as “non-verified”. The latter may be due to the many factors that can affect the measurement of HBDs such as location of the infrared sensor and the class of the bearing among other environmental factors. A field test was performed along a route that is more than 483 km (300 mi) of track containing 21 wayside hot-box detectors. Two freight cars, one fully-loaded and one empty, and one instrumentation car pulled by a locomotive were used in this field test. A total of 16 bearings (14 Class F and 2 Class K) were instrumented with K-type bayonet thermocouples to provide continuous temperature measurement. The data collected from this field test were used to perform a systematic study in which the HBD IR sensor data were compared directly to the onboard thermocouple data. The analyses determined that, in general, HBDs tend to overestimate Class K bearing temperatures more frequently than Class F bearing temperatures. Additionally, the temperatures of some bearings were underestimated by as much as 47°C (85°F). Furthermore, the HBD data exhibited some false trending events that were not seen in temperature histories recorded by the bayonet thermocouples. The findings from the field test suggest that HBDs may inaccurately report bearing temperatures, which may contribute to the increased percentage of non-verified bearing removals. To further investigate the accuracy of the wayside detection systems, a dynamic test rig was designed and fabricated by the University Transportation Center for Railway Safety (UTCRS) research team at the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley (UTRGV). A mobile infrared sensor was developed and installed on the dynamic tester in order to mimic the measurement behavior of a HBD. The infrared temperature measurements were compared to contact thermocouple and bayonet temperature measurements taken on the bearing cup surface. The laboratory-acquired data were compared to actual field test data, and the analysis reveals that the trends are in close agreement. The large majority of temperature measurements taken using the IR sensor have been underestimated with a similar distribution to that of the data collected by the HBDs in field service.