Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Grains research”

This thesis is grounded in the introduction of participatory research, development and extension (RDE) to Australian agriculture. The emphasis on participatory processes emerged as the Transfer-of-Technology (ToT) model is no longer considered adequate to deal with complex farming systems and their diverse stakeholders (Packham 2003). However, RDE agencies are introducing participatory processes with a limited understanding of how they may work in Australia's developed agriculture sector (Vanclay 1994). Consequently, the initiation of three participatory Farming Systems RDE projects in Australia's northern grains region provides opportunity to explore and understand participatory approaches and their impact on participants. Three related themes are developed by exploring the nature of participants' diversity across these projects, the characteristics of participation in each project and the subsequent learning of participants: (i) that increased participation implicitly increases diversity in the conduct of RDE; (ii) that participatory RDE provides opportunities to integrate stakeholders' diverse experience and knowledge; and (iii) that participants' learning can improve current farming systems. Participatory action research was used to understand how participatory RDE should be enacted, and to involve project participants to help them also understand and improve their project processes and goals. The research utilised a range of qualitative and quantitative procedures including: participant and nonparticipant observation at project meetings and activities with farmers; focus groups and semi-structured interviews with project teams, their managers, and participating farmers; a team learning survey of team members; and custom-made questionnaires to quantify participants' perceptions of the projects, their processes, and impacts on learning and behaviour. These interventions identified participants' demographic, organisational and informational diversity. They also identified and elaborated their diverse aims, expectations and passions for participatory RDE, revealed individuals' preferred RDE methodologies and suggested their underlying worldviews. Indeed, ToT paradigms and positivist worldviews remained entrenched in most project staff and their managers. The teams consequently used participation to help farmers better understand technical issues, not build interdependent projects with integrated RDE processes. Farmers generally appreciated their increased participation and influence in RDE activities. While their initial consultative and functional participation did not extend to process decisions or project strategy, farmers valued the opportunity to work with the projects and influence the issues addressed. The projects consequently improved farming practices and management of issues that have long-eluded traditional RDE. For example, the widespread use of: (i) zero tillage and controlled traffic systems to control soil erosion; (ii) nitrogen fertilisers to match crop requirements; (iii) ley pastures to address soil fertility in grain and grazing systems; and (iv) new crops to diversifying grain systems away from monocultures. The projects provided farmers with opportunities for increased participation and learning over time. Functional participation developed in on-farm research that addressed issues identified with farmers, and action learning workshops provided proximal opportunities for farmers to understand existing information and use their own farm data in real decisions. In this way, the behaviourist learning of the ToT approach was supplemented by guided learning to integrate new meaning schemes with farmers' experiential knowledge. Some on-farm research and action learning activities extended to reflecting on their processes, and involved farmers in deciding the most appropriate RDE methodology and methods for subsequent activities. This opportunity to reflect on the values and assumptions of different approaches was critical in developing interactive participation and higher level learning for participants. Nevertheless, the initial participation in each project team failed to meet some team members' expectations. The expected task and process conflicts emerged, but small activity groups with shared values and RDE paradigms developed within each team. Team members' process conflict about the 'best' RDE methodologies for specific issues then developed into worldview conflicts about the relevance and rigour of these methodologies. Some smaller groups subsequently worked independently, with damaging relationship conflict developing from unresolved process issues between some individuals. Team members communicated, but their participation remained largely passive and consultative. Factors that shaped participation were identified, and a framework to support opportunities for stakeholders to plan, manage and evaluate RDE was developed. These helped increase participation in the projects. Participation within the projects' constituent activities subsequently fluxed from isolation to interactive participation. Individuals within activities now expected, and usually had, equality in content decisions (i.e. functional participation), which often extended to process decisions (i.e. interactive participation). Yet, the levels of participation between members of different activities varied across the projects. One project remained a series of parallel and relatively independent activities with passive and consultative participation. A second project had functional and interactive participation imposed for some activities, but otherwise used passive and consultative participation. The third project developed to provide functional and interactive participation in major project decisions. It then became apparent that the learning outcomes of each project varied. Individuals continued to learn from their participation in the projects, but the contributions of diverse sources and participation were major shapers of this learning. Participation within the less diverse activity groups produced mainly technical learning through participants' existing meaning schemes. Again, the level of participation between activities with diverse values, RDE paradigms, and worldviews, shaped the nature of learning. Passive and consultative participation produced mostly technical learning through existing meaning schemes. Yet, teams that embraced their diversity, and reflected on the assumptions of their different RDE methodologies, transformed their approach to learning. With high levels of diversity, the level of participation determined the level of learning. Essentially, participation became learning. This thesis confirms the potential of participatory RDE to improve farming practices. Consultation to identify priority issues, and functional participation to develop proximal opportunities for farmers to understand these issues and make their own decisions had a major impact on farming practices. Yet, participatory processes must rise above the prevailing ToT paradigms of RDE agencies to integrate participants' knowledge, and so achieve sustainable development in Australia. Three main process contributions are made to support this development. Firstly, the evaluation framework provides a challenge and structure to encourage the contributions of all participants at each stage of project activities. It provides a checklist for effective participation in Farming Systems RDE. Secondly, a typology of participation in Farming Systems RDE extends that proposed by Pretty (1995). It provides a catalyst and means to better understand and identify the most appropriate levels of participation in RDE projects. The associated checklist for assessing modes of participation allows monitoring of the participation developed in practice. Finally, the re-conceptualisation of a broader continuum of participation in Farming Systems RDE for developed agriculture is proposed. The subsequent development of the Doing successful on-farm research process is a culmination of the understandings developed in this thesis. It facilitates the development of interactive participation within the on-farm research process that is central to these projects. Recognising the technical focus of most current RDE agency staff, it guides their development of participatory on-farm research processes before reflecting on the appropriateness of different research methods to their research issues. The findings here cannot ensure the development of Australia's RDE beyond the ToT paradigm. However, this thesis provides important insights into the nature of diversity, participation, and learning in the Farming Systems projects, and a series of tools to support this development. Conceptually, it proposes that different kinds of participation will be shaped by participants' diversity from their prior experiences and their expectations that are in turn transformed through evidence of improved practice.

This thesis is grounded in the introduction of participatory research, development and extension (RDE) to Australian agriculture. The emphasis on participatory processes emerged as the Transfer-of-Technology (ToT) model is no longer considered adequate to deal with complex farming systems and their diverse stakeholders (Packham 2003). However, RDE agencies are introducing participatory processes with a limited understanding of how they may work in Australia's developed agriculture sector (Vanclay 1994). Consequently, the initiation of three participatory Farming Systems RDE projects in Australia's northern grains region provides opportunity to explore and understand participatory approaches and their impact on participants. Three related themes are developed by exploring the nature of participants' diversity across these projects, the characteristics of participation in each project and the subsequent learning of participants: (i) that increased participation implicitly increases diversity in the conduct of RDE; (ii) that participatory RDE provides opportunities to integrate stakeholders' diverse experience and knowledge; and (iii) that participants' learning can improve current farming systems. Participatory action research was used to understand how participatory RDE should be enacted, and to involve project participants to help them also understand and improve their project processes and goals. The research utilised a range of qualitative and quantitative procedures including: participant and nonparticipant observation at project meetings and activities with farmers; focus groups and semi-structured interviews with project teams, their managers, and participating farmers; a team learning survey of team members; and custom-made questionnaires to quantify participants' perceptions of the projects, their processes, and impacts on learning and behaviour. These interventions identified participants' demographic, organisational and informational diversity. They also identified and elaborated their diverse aims, expectations and passions for participatory RDE, revealed individuals' preferred RDE methodologies and suggested their underlying worldviews. Indeed, ToT paradigms and positivist worldviews remained entrenched in most project staff and their managers. The teams consequently used participation to help farmers better understand technical issues, not build interdependent projects with integrated RDE processes. Farmers generally appreciated their increased participation and influence in RDE activities. While their initial consultative and functional participation did not extend to process decisions or project strategy, farmers valued the opportunity to work with the projects and influence the issues addressed. The projects consequently improved farming practices and management of issues that have long-eluded traditional RDE. For example, the widespread use of: (i) zero tillage and controlled traffic systems to control soil erosion; (ii) nitrogen fertilisers to match crop requirements; (iii) ley pastures to address soil fertility in grain and grazing systems; and (iv) new crops to diversifying grain systems away from monocultures. The projects provided farmers with opportunities for increased participation and learning over time. Functional participation developed in on-farm research that addressed issues identified with farmers, and action learning workshops provided proximal opportunities for farmers to understand existing information and use their own farm data in real decisions. In this way, the behaviourist learning of the ToT approach was supplemented by guided learning to integrate new meaning schemes with farmers' experiential knowledge. Some on-farm research and action learning activities extended to reflecting on their processes, and involved farmers in deciding the most appropriate RDE methodology and methods for subsequent activities. This opportunity to reflect on the values and assumptions of different approaches was critical in developing interactive participation and higher level learning for participants. Nevertheless, the initial participation in each project team failed to meet some team members' expectations. The expected task and process conflicts emerged, but small activity groups with shared values and RDE paradigms developed within each team. Team members' process conflict about the 'best' RDE methodologies for specific issues then developed into worldview conflicts about the relevance and rigour of these methodologies. Some smaller groups subsequently worked independently, with damaging relationship conflict developing from unresolved process issues between some individuals. Team members communicated, but their participation remained largely passive and consultative. Factors that shaped participation were identified, and a framework to support opportunities for stakeholders to plan, manage and evaluate RDE was developed. These helped increase participation in the projects. Participation within the projects' constituent activities subsequently fluxed from isolation to interactive participation. Individuals within activities now expected, and usually had, equality in content decisions (i.e. functional participation), which often extended to process decisions (i.e. interactive participation). Yet, the levels of participation between members of different activities varied across the projects. One project remained a series of parallel and relatively independent activities with passive and consultative participation. A second project had functional and interactive participation imposed for some activities, but otherwise used passive and consultative participation. The third project developed to provide functional and interactive participation in major project decisions. It then became apparent that the learning outcomes of each project varied. Individuals continued to learn from their participation in the projects, but the contributions of diverse sources and participation were major shapers of this learning. Participation within the less diverse activity groups produced mainly technical learning through participants' existing meaning schemes. Again, the level of participation between activities with diverse values, RDE paradigms, and worldviews, shaped the nature of learning. Passive and consultative participation produced mostly technical learning through existing meaning schemes. Yet, teams that embraced their diversity, and reflected on the assumptions of their different RDE methodologies, transformed their approach to learning. With high levels of diversity, the level of participation determined the level of learning. Essentially, participation became learning. This thesis confirms the potential of participatory RDE to improve farming practices. Consultation to identify priority issues, and functional participation to develop proximal opportunities for farmers to understand these issues and make their own decisions had a major impact on farming practices. Yet, participatory processes must rise above the prevailing ToT paradigms of RDE agencies to integrate participants' knowledge, and so achieve sustainable development in Australia. Three main process contributions are made to support this development. Firstly, the evaluation framework provides a challenge and structure to encourage the contributions of all participants at each stage of project activities. It provides a checklist for effective participation in Farming Systems RDE. Secondly, a typology of participation in Farming Systems RDE extends that proposed by Pretty (1995). It provides a catalyst and means to better understand and identify the most appropriate levels of participation in RDE projects. The associated checklist for assessing modes of participation allows monitoring of the participation developed in practice. Finally, the re-conceptualisation of a broader continuum of participation in Farming Systems RDE for developed agriculture is proposed. The subsequent development of the Doing successful on-farm research process is a culmination of the understandings developed in this thesis. It facilitates the development of interactive participation within the on-farm research process that is central to these projects. Recognising the technical focus of most current RDE agency staff, it guides their development of participatory on-farm research processes before reflecting on the appropriateness of different research methods to their research issues. The findings here cannot ensure the development of Australia's RDE beyond the ToT paradigm. However, this thesis provides important insights into the nature of diversity, participation, and learning in the Farming Systems projects, and a series of tools to support this development. Conceptually, it proposes that different kinds of participation will be shaped by participants' diversity from their prior experiences and their expectations that are in turn transformed through evidence of improved practice.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Vocational, Technology and Arts Education
Full Text

This thesis presents results from the application of cryogenic cooling on multiple-pass friction stir processing and the subsequent orthogonal machining on friction stir processed and as-received Mg AZ31B-O disks, and shows their combined effects on microstructure and microhardness values. A simple friction stir tool, a specially designed fixture and liquid nitrogen are used to perform multiple-pass friction stir processing experiments on Mg AZ31B-O alloy. The friction stir processed and as-received sheets are then made into disks for the orthogonal machining experiments. This study analyzes the microhardness, microstructure changes by cryogenic friction stir processing and the effect of machining conditions such as dry, MQL and cryogenic and cutting parameters on the Mg AZ31B-O alloy. Four different speeds and three different feed rates are used for the orthogonal machining experiments. The effects of stirring parameters such as the translational feed, rotational speed, cooling conditions and the machining parameters are studied. The resulting microstructure and microhardness from these processes hold a key to the mechanical properties of the alloy. This analysis would help to understand and evaluate the specific aspects of grain size and microhardness that influence the fatigue life of a component.

The purpose of this study is to explore the history and production processes of beer and examines the components that contribute to its brewing. The narrative will provide a timeline of the processes that are required to create the product of beer beginning with the agricultural products and following the brewing processes that result in beer as the finished product. I will also examine the business of agriculture and grain processing and will provide some historical perspectives of grain, beer, and malting. I will also consider whether the growing, processing, and malting of grains in the East Tennessee and Southwest Virginia Region is feasible as demonstrated through this research and reported findings.

In light of constant research regarding the development of alternate fuels, anaerobic digestion of grains diluted in process water from a wastewater treatment plant has been investigaed by starting biogas reactors to produce methane. The possibility of using the sludge from the reactors as fertilizer was also explored. The experiment ran for 90 days of which three days were used to collect samples over a 24-hour period. Variables monitored were associated to process stability, consistency and production. The results of the 24-hour periods show that volatile fatty acids concentrations increase immediately following feeding, peak a few hours later then decrease. Gas production is most efficient at the beginning of the period then stagers after about 20 hours. Results of the 90-day period resemble the 24-hour results; high volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations are often linked to low gas production and methane concentrations. The results indicate that certain types of process waters are better suited as dilution liquids than others i.e. digested sludge is better than centrifugation water, though overall gas production in all reactors averaged ca 650 ml/ g volatile solids loaded. With regards to fertilizer use, Cr was the only metal that was measured in unacceptable quantities. Fertilizing the land is not a problem seen from the heavy metals perspective. There is, however, a need for further research and process development before any full-scale digestion processes of this type are initiated.

This thesis is concerned with an investigation into current on-farm grain storage practice and with ascertaining what educational interventions, if any, are appropriate for future and more detailed consideration. The Australian grain growing, handling, and marketing industry has changed in recent times. A few years ago (1989), the grain growers only essential contact with grain marketing was through the bulk handling authorities and the Australian Wheat Board. Advice was freely available from state departments of agriculture, and the only requirement to store grain on-farm was that necessary for the grower's own needs. Now (1994), there is a possible advantage that grain stored on-farm may be used for a wide range of selling options, amongst other reasons, and market requirements are much more complex and stringent. There is a substantial body of research on grain storage techniques. At the same time there is a significant gap between researched knowledge and the use of this knowledge for on-farm storage. A major purpose of this study is to identify an improved approach to extension and farmer education that may help to reduce this gap. This thesis contains a review of the general literature on extension followed by an overview of extension in the developed world to establish the international context for Australia. Then the historical context of extension is examined briefly to understand the current situation in each state. Some educational models are reviewed to identify relationships between stakeholders and the opportunities available for and constraints to development of educational strategies. Information channels are reviewed to comprehend extension interaction and grain storage technologies are reviewed to ensure comprehension of techniques. On the basis of the literature review a field study was designed to investigate current on-farm storage practice, current extension sources for storage information and preferences for future educational interventions. This was done by a survey using a stratified random sample of grain growers and cluster selection of individuals for personal interviews. This information was complemented by informal discussion with farmers at field days. The results of the study confirmed the gap between research knowledge and on-farm implementation of this knowledge. They also demonstrated that grain growers wanted more information and gave some indicators of how this might be achieved. Major findings of the research included the need for extension coalitions and the desirability for active involvement of the grain grower. Major conclusions, for on-farm storage and extension, are drawn to form a basis for development of future extension interventions. These are aimed at ensuring grain growers have available the information needed for good storage practice. This includes an essential understanding the grain growers' needs and perceptions, early, in any planning process. It also includes the necessity for coordination of extension/education activities at local, regional and national levels. The research has some major implications for an improved approach to extension and on-farm storage. These include the establishment of a farmers-as-researcher program to implement grain storage innovations and the recognition that implemented change will need long term maintenance; often more resource intensive than the original intervention.

There has been limited research on the rooting patterns of alfalfa. This information would be important in developing new germplasm sources that are more water efficient, salt tolerant and drought tolerant. Ten alfalfa varieties were evaluated for possible genetic control of rooting traits. Seedlings were grown hydroponically in a growth chamber. The cultivars evaluated showed a significant statistical difference for width of lateral root system and number of lateral roots. The variation in seedling rooting patterns is sufficient to warrant a selection program for improved lateral rooting patterns.

This study examined the effects of the communication aspect of using an online grading program. This study explored teachers' perceptions of the implications of allowing the grading process to become transparent to parents. The purpose of this study was to assist teachers in searching for ways to create a positive parent-teacher relationship. A positive and constructive parent-teacher relationship is helpful to the student. If grades are made available to parents on a daily basis, they will have access to specifics about the academic performance of their child. Parents and teachers will be able to communicate with each other on a regular basis with the use of an online grading program. In-depth interviews of 10 middle school teachers were conducted using an interview guide. The interviews were then transcribed and coded by the researcher. The researcher found that teachers spoke positively regarding many of the features of Engrade, an online grade book. The teachers benefited from the convenience of communication with parents and students. The perceived primary result of Engrade is viewed as a positive by teachers because parents can communicate with the teachers about their children, and that, hopefully, allows them to be more involved in their child's academics. Further research opportunities are available in that the perceived implications of implementing an online grade book need to be evaluated from the perspective of parents and students.

The capability to measure the magnitude of water stress in plants is useful for precision irrigation scheduling and other purposes. This paper reports an evaluation of leaf (TL) and canopy (Tc) temperatures, leaf minus air (TL -Ta) and canopy minus air (Tc -Ta) temperatures, and leaf water stress index (LWSI) and crop water stress index (CWSI) in detecting stress in pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke) over two growing seasons. Baselines which were used to compute LWSI and CWSI were obtained. The upper and lower baselines for the Tc data, respectively, were Tc -Ta = 4.10 C and Tc -Ta = 3.87- .2001VPD where VPD is vapor pressure deficit in mbars. For the TL data, the upper and lower baselines, respectively, were TL -Ta = 1.97oC and TL -Ta = 1.308- .03006VPD. Tests against photosynthesis, transpiration, and grain yield showed that LWSI and CWSI are better indices of stress than TL -Ta, Tc -Ta, TL, Tc, or Ta. Average seasonal LWSI and CWSI ranged from approximately 0.03 for non- stressed to 0.80 for stressed plants. The reliability of LWSI and CWSI to detect stress and their relation with grain yield suggested the possibility of using these indices for irrigation scheduling decisions.

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is the fourth largest produced cereal worldwide. About two thirds of barley production is used to animal feed. When used to feed monogastric animals, the main shortcoming of barley grains is the deficiency of essential amino acids, especially lysine, threonine and methionine. The unbalanced amino acid composition is due to the main storage protein, the hordeins, which account for about 50% of total grain protein content. The nitrogen fertilization promotes C-hordein expression and accumulation, the hordein subgroup with the lowest content of essential amino acids, and the highest content of non-essential amino acids. Due to the importance of grain protein content and composition in the end use grain quality the key objective of the present study was to obtain a detailed insight into synthesis and accumulation of barley grain proteins and their relation to improved nutritional quality. An integrated proteomic and transcriptomic analysis have been undertaken in a set of transgenic antisense barley lines with the grain protein profile altered in comparison to the non-transgenic line cv. Golden Promise. The results were presented in three manuscripts in the thesis (chapters 2, 3 and 4). The first manuscript (chapter 2) reported a new grain protein extraction method combined with multi-method protein evaluation, including biochemical quantification, amino acid composition, sodium dodecyl-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) couple with mass spectrometry (MS) identification and a gel free shotgun MS identification and relative quantification. The results showed the changeability of proteins between protein groups and the importance of choosing an adequate proteomic-based method for protein identification according to the complexity of protein mixtures. In the second manuscript (chapter 3) a differential protein profile of non-transgenic barley cv. Golden Promise and the transgenic antisense C-hordein barley lines was achieved by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) for salt soluble proteins and the differentially expressed proteins were identified by MS. The key results showed that the suppression of C-hordeins, the poor nutritional hordein subgroup, does not exclusively affects hordein synthesis and accumulation, and that the more balanced amino acid composition of these lines may be a consequence of distinct protein sources among different transgenic events, though a stable lysine-rich proteins upregulation occurs in all lines. In the third manuscript (chapter 4) the effects of nitrogen fertilization on hordein family at transcriptional and proteome level were assessed. The main results showed differential responses to N nutrition between non-transgenic and transgenic lines. In relation to C-hordein, specific C-hordein downregulation effect and in particular different responses to N were verified among subgroups of C-hordein multigene family in the transgenic line at transcriptional and proteomic level. In summary, the multi-method strategy used in the present work was successfully applied to obtain comprehensive information about barley grain proteins synthesis and accumulation and explain, at least in part, their relation to improved nutritional quality. These results can be useful in barley breeding programs aiming selective alterations of specific alleles/homologues to change amino acid composition by changing the relative proportions of the grain proteins in order to improve the barley grains nutritional quality.
A cevada (Hordeum vulgare L.) é o quarto cereal mais produzido no mundo. Cerca de dois terços desta produção é utilizada na alimentação animal. A principal desvantagem dos grãos de cevada na alimentação de animais monogástricos é a deficiência de aminoácidos essenciais, principalmente lisina, treonina e metionina. Esta composição desfavorável ocorre devido à principal proteína de reserva dos grãos, as hordeínas, que representam cerca de 50% do teor total de proteína no grão. O nitrogênio promove a expressão e o acúmulo de C-hordeínas, o subgrupo com o menor teor de aminoácidos essenciais e o maior teor de aminoácidos não essenciais. Devido à importância do teor e composição de proteínas nos grãos na determinação de sua qualidade no uso final, o principal objetivo do presente trabalho foi obter uma visão detalhada sobre a síntese e acúmulo de proteínas de grãos de cevada e sua relação com a melhoria da qualidade nutricional. Análises proteômicas e transcriptômicas integradas foram realizadas em um conjunto de linhagens transgênicas de cevada com o perfil de proteínas de reserva alterados em comparação à linhagem não transgênica cv. Golden Promise. Os resultados foram apresentados na forma de três manuscritos (capítulos 2, 3 e 4). O primeiro (capítulo 2) descreveu um novo método de extração de proteínas dos grãos em combinação com métodos de estudo de proteínas diversos, incluindo a quantificação bioquímica, composição de aminoácidos, eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida-dodecil sulfato de sódio (SDS-PAGE) seguido de identificação por espectrometria de massas (MS) e estratégia shotgun para identificação e quantificação relativa das proteínas. Os resultados mostram a mutabilidade das proteínas entre os diferentes grupos e a importância da escolha de um método adequado para a sua identificação de acordo com a complexidade das misturas proteicas. No segundo manuscrito (capítulo 3) o perfil proteico diferencial da linhagem não transgênica e transgênica foi obtido por eletroforese bidimensional (2-DE) para proteínas solúveis, e aquelas expressas diferencialmente foram identificadas por MS. Os resultados demonstram que a supressão das C-hordeínas não afeta exclusivamente a síntese e o acúmulo de hordeínas, e que a composição de aminoácidos mais equilibrada destas linhagens pode ser uma consequência de fontes de proteína distintas entre os diferentes eventos de transgenia, embora a regulação positiva de proteínas ricas em lisina foi estável. No terceiro manuscrito (capítulo 4) foram avaliados os efeitos da adubação nitrogenada sobre a família das hordeínas. Os resultados mostraram que as respostas foram diferentes entre as linhagens não transgênica e transgênica. Um efeito específico de supressão e respostas particulares foi verificado entre os subgrupos da família multigênica das C-hordeínas na linhagem transgênica. Em resumo, a estratégia de pesquisa multimétodo foi aplicada com sucesso na obtenção de informações abrangentes sobre a síntese e o acúmulo de proteínas nos grãos de cevada, e pelo menos em parte, explicou sua relação com a melhoria da qualidade nutricional. Esses resultados podem ser úteis em programas de melhoramento de cevada que visam alterações seletivas de alelos/homólogos específicos para alterar a composição de aminoácidos, através de mudanças nas proporções relativas das proteínas dos grãos.

This thesis is composed of two essays that investigate whole farm planning and crop marketing in western Kentucky. In the first essay, contracting decisions between food corn producers and a mill are analyzed to observe factors affecting the bushel amount farmers contract. Unbalanced panel data containing seven years’ worth of pricing and contract information are used with a fixed-effects model to generate parameter estimates and quantify their effect on bushels contracted. It was found that contract attributes, market condition, and relationship-specific assets had a significant effect on producers’ food corn contracting decisions. The second essay utilizes mixed-integer programming to optimize resource allocation and marketing strategy for a hypothetical farm. Post-optimal analysis is performed to determine non-binding capacities for drying and storage equipment. The model is re-run with these non-binding capacities to observe changes in net returns as well as planting, harvesting, and marketing strategies. New equipment and associated costs are identified, and the change in net returns from the base case is used as net cash flow in a net present value investment analysis. Results of the investment analysis indicate increasing drying and storage capacity is a wise investment given the scenario modeled.

Little is known about the curricular practices or thinking of early childhood teachers attempting to use developmentally appropriate practices in public school primary grades. The purpose of this study was to investigate four primary grade teachers' thoughts and classroom practices, through observation, interviews, and classroom schedules. Data were analyzed following the procedures for open, axial, and selective coding as explained by Strauss (1987). All four teachers exhibited common elements: educational beliefs consistent with those of the National Association for the Education of Young Children; frustration with their school's curriculum; and the combination of a rich pattern of guidance strategies in the use of whole group math and language instruction. The curricular practices are viewed as a compromise between the teachers' personal beliefs and the expectations of their schools. They reflect the historical difficulty of using a child-centered curriculum in a public school setting.

Doctoral thesis
Nowadays, knowledge extraction from data is an essential task for decisionmaking in many areas. However, the data sets commonly present some negative problems (complexities) that decrease the performance in the knowledge extraction process. The imbalanced distribution of data between classes and the presence of noise and/or class overlap are data intrinsic characteristics that frequently decrease the performance of the knowledge extraction because data are assumed to keep a uniform distribution and free from any other problem. All these issues have been studied in Pattern Recognition and Data Mining, because of their impact on the performance of the learning models. Thus this Ph.D. thesis addresses class imbalance, class overlap and/or noise through techniques that reduce and clean the most represented class. Among the solutions to handle with the class imbalance problem, new algorithms based on graphs are proposed. This idea arises from the fact that many real-world problems (network analysis, chemical models, remote sensing, among others) have been tackled by using graph-based strategies, in which the problem is transformed in terms of vertices and edges. Keeping this in mind, the proposals presented in this Ph.D. thesis consider the most represented class as as a complete graph in such a way that a representative subset of majority class instances is obtained through reduction criteria. Regarding the data sets with class imbalance and class overlap and/or noise, the proposals include the use of clustering algorithms as a cleaning strategy. It is well known that these algorithms are used to group instances according to similar characteristics; however, the proposal here presented makes use of their ability to detect noisy instances. By this, the application of a clustering algorithm is carried out before facing the class imbalance. As a further extension to the proposals presented in this Ph.D. thesis and due to the growing interest in Big Data problems, the last part of this report introduces a graph-based algorithm to handle class imbalance in large-scale data sets.
Becas nacionales del CONACYT

碩士
玄奘大學
宗教學系碩士在職專班
101
Abstract This article is about two topics. First, the county of fog --- Sanyi , it's famous for its special geography and humid, foggy weather. Second, the earliest temple in Sanyi --- Five Grains Temple. By these two topics, I research the problems like the spread of disease, the lake of medical treatment, the crop failure, and the threat of aboriginals when Hakka people's ancestors entered in Sanyi. The Five Grains Temple had almost been tear down for twice during Japanese colonial period. The first reason was Japanese didn't allow temples' exist. Because of this, the King of Five Grains was moved to the loft in " Dau Shan Hall." Second, Japanese also doubt that the Five Grains Temple would affect the school education, so they wanted to tear down it. At last, Hakka people rebuilt the temple and developed the land near the temple. By this way, they built a base for their religion. After Taiwan Restoration in 1945. Taiwan's government didn't meddle in people's religion, so there were many different religions appeared. Finally, Sanyi Five Grains Temple had more and more followers in Taiwan. The main purpose about this research is based on the history of this one hundred years temple. It formed "races beliefs " , " ritual spheres" , and " temple buildings" in this area. In the last chapter also analysis the organizations which build by the Emperor Shen Nong culture in Taiwan.

碩士
國立屏東教育大學
文化創意產業學系
102
Bantiao is one kind of Hakkarice food product which is full of the significance of Hakka culture. This study is to explore the case of XuBantiao Family which is one of representative of Hakka cultural Industry in this area. The main focuses are about the history and marketing and management strategies of XuBantiao Family, service innovation, a varieties of bantiao products, and R& D capabilities. The research method is case study with technique of interview, fieldwork. The findings of this study are following:Firstly, Xu has gone beyond the limitations of traditional sales model, and enter actively into the modern sales model. It has taken diverse and active marketing strategies. Secondly, government agencies, schools, and local people are its majority of customers. The network of officialorganizations makes Xu more popular and famous than before. Thirdly, diversification of products, the capabilities of service innovation and research, empowers Xu as the reprehensive of Hakkarice food culture. Xu BantiaoFamily has committed to the development capabilities of new products, and also pay attention to the preservation of traditional virtues and culture. It copies with the traditionalmanagement of Hakka rice food shop and modernizeHakka tradition of rice foodtowards the development of cultural and creative industries .Successful expansion of shops supportXuBantiaoFamily the goal of sustainable management and development.

Prumnopitys taxifolia (Banks et Sol. ex D. Don) de Laub. (matai) and P. ferruginea (D. Don) de Laub. (miro) are two New Zealand podocarps with morphologically very different reproductive structures. In P. taxifolia the pollen cones are sessile on spicate fertile branches, whereas in P. ferruginea they are solitary on short scaly peduncles. Likewise, in P. taxifolia the ovulate strobilus is an attenuated spicate structure bearing globose seeds, whereas in P. ferruginea the reduced ovulate strobilus bears a dorsi-ventrally flattened, usually solitary seed on a slender scaly peduncle. Such differences throw doubt on the validity of the current delimitations of the genus Prumnopitys. A comparative embryological study of these two species was done in parallel with a morphological and anatomical study of the reproductive structures to fill gaps in their known reproductive life cycles, and to determine whether there are any differences in the male and female cones or in their embryogeny that are of taxonomic significance at the generic level. In addition the hydrodynamic properties of their saccate pollen grains were compared with that of the pollen of several other conifers and the spores of three ferns and one lycopod. Morphology and Embryology Embryologically these two species are shown to be more similar to each other and to the Chilean Prumnopitys andina than to other podocarp genera. For instance, in both species: the long tapered archegonia have prominent neck cells with a thickened cap overlying them; five free nuclear mitoses occur before cell formation in the proembryo; meiosis can result in both linear and non-linear tetrads of megaspores; the microgametophyte typically forms 7 or 8 prothallial cells before dispersal. However, new morphological and anatomical differences have emerged from this study. In the pollen cones of P. taxifolia, the microsporangia are free with a transverse stomium located close to the cone axis; in P. ferruginea they are fused with the transverse stomium located basally. In P. taxifolia ovules, a tanniniferous layer develops in the epimatium and not in the integument, and fusion of epimatium/integument/nucellus is greatest dorsi-ventrally; in P. ferruginea ovules a prominent tanniniferous layer develops only in the integument, and fusion of epimatium/integument/nucellus is greatest laterally. Furthermore, observations of insect predation point to biochemical differences between P. taxifolia and P. ferruginea. An undescribed species of gall midge appears to be specialized exclusively for the P. taxifolia life cycle, and several other insect larvae prey on the developing and mature seeds, whereas the ovules/seeds of P. ferruginea appear to have almost no insect predators. Morphologically, anatomically and biochemically, P. taxifolia and P. ferruginea may therefore be sufficiently different to warrant being two separate genera; comparable differences have been used to distinguish other genera in the Podocarpaceae. Since embryogeny is likely to be under less evolutionary pressure than morphology and anatomy, and since P. taxifolia (along with P. andina) is regarded by some as basal in the conifers, with P. ferruginea less so, their embryological similarity does not necessarily indicate close relationship, only that they are closer to each other than to the other podocarps. Although their morphological and anatomical differences may be of taxonomic significance, a better understanding of the other species currently in Prumnopitys is necessary before the relationships within the genus can be clarified. Pollen Hydrodynamics Despite the morphological differences in their ovulate cones, P. taxifolia and P. ferruginea have very similar pollination mechanisms involving an inverted micropyle, a pollination drop and saccate pollen. Saccate grains have sometimes been referred to as 'non-wettable' due to their buoyant properties, while non-saccate pollen grains have been described as 'wettable'. The hydrodynamic properties of saccate pollen grains of seven podocarp species in five genera, Dacrydium Sol. ex G. Forst., Dacrycarpus (Endl.) de Laub., Manoao Molloy, Podocarpus L'Hér. ex pers. and Prumnopitys Phil. have been tested in water, together with saccate and non-saccate pollen of four other conifer genera, Cedrus Trew (Pinaceae), Cephalotaxus Siebold & Zucc. ex Endl. (Cephalotaxaceae), Cupressus L. (Cupressaceae) and Phyllocladus Rich. ex Mirb. (Phyllocladaceae), and spores of three fern species and one lycopod species. All four spore types studied were non-wettable, whereas the bisaccate and trisaccate pollen types, like all the other conifer pollen types, were wettable, enabling the grains to cross the surface tension barrier of water. Once past this barrier, grain behaviour was governed by presence or absence of sacci. Non-saccate and vestigially saccate grains sank, whereas saccate grains behaved like air bubbles, floating up to the highest point. In addition, the grains were observed to float in water with sacci uppermost, consistent with the suggestion that distally-placed sacci serve to orientate the germinal furrow of the pollen grain towards the nucellus of an inverted ovule. Observations of pollen grains in the pollen chambers of naturally pollinated Prumnopitys ovules confirmed this. The combination of buoyancy and wettability in saccate pollen has implications for the efficiency of the typical podocarp pollination mechanism. Since saccate pollen, inverted ovules and pollination drops are also characteristic of the Pinaceae, the similarities in the pollination mechanisms and the pollen grains of P. taxifolia and P. ferruginea have no taxonomic significance at the generic level.

碩士
國立政治大學
地政學系碩士在職專班
107
There is currently no consistent、no clear and specific, and no objective office grading standardization system in the Taiwan market. It is difficult for the lessee or the investor to distinguish the quality of the office building, that is, to increase the transaction risk and cost.　Due to the lack of an easily operated and highly discriminating grading system and standardization indicators, it is difficult to judge what kind of indicators are needed in Taiwan to be called a good A-class office building. It is difficult for the developer's design direction and cost control, the service level of the building managment, the decision-making judgment of the investor, the quality of office building that tenant request, and the operational performance of the owner, to have an objective and quantitative evaluation benchmark. This research hopes to provide a more consistent, objective, and scientific office building grading system, and to confirm the importance and weight of the indicators. Through the verification of office rental, to improve the reliability of the office building grading system, to increase the transparency of real estate information, to reduce the costs of transaction and decision-making, and to make the Taiwan office buildings more globalization. This research integrates all relevant indicators by exploring the comprehensive analysis of the factors affecting the rental/price of office buildings, the grading system of buildings related to the quality of office buildings, and the existing domestic and international grading systems, and screens out 25 indicators of 6 categories and the original data of 246 office buildings in Taipei by frequency distribution method as the basis for empirical analysis. After the original data is normalized and is calculated by factor analysis, the weights of each indicator are obtained as the basis of the office building grading. Each office building index can be given by weight, which is referred to as the office building indicators. Finally, the natural breaks method is used to establish the grading method and class interval, was called Grade A and Grade B. This research will examine the significance of the grading method by T-test and U-test, which will use some indicators, such as rental, and so on. From the results of empirical analysis, this research developed a scientific office building grading system to find 25 important variables that can be used to evaluate the level of the office building quality as the grading indicators; to provide the indicator weights to rank the importance of the office building grading; to find the comprehensive indicators is better than the single indicator for making the grading system to has the basis for research verification and the degree of discrimination. Through the test of rent and other indicator variables, it is found that the hierarchical group has significant difference and can reflect the value of real estate. This research suggests that private enterprises and government should participate in the standardization of office building grading. The private enterprises have more statistical resources and the government provides preferential treatment to high-quality office buildings and old buildings that are willing to improve quality in the form of tax reductions, and improves the credibility with government participation to lead the high-quality office buildings to internationalization, and guides new trends in future building development such as energy conservation issues. For the follow-up research, it is also suggested to explore the possibility of increasing the class interval for improving the degree of discrimination, and providing the expiry period of the indicators for regular review.

In 2007, incentives for farmers to grow nonfood bio fuel crops, increasing transportation costs, climate change, growing consumer demand and population growth caused major food shortages in the world, especially within the high famine-risk sub-Saharan Africa. The inconsistent food cultivated products in Zanzibar combined with high consumer prices suppresses the economic growth of the agricultural sector on the island. The large decrease in what once was the primary economical driver (Agriculture) left the Island only to rely on the tourism sector to enhance the economics of Zanzibar. If a successful strategy is implemented within the agricultural sector of Zanzibar, the country could revert toward becoming, once again, a place of agricultural richness. This dissertation proposes an Agricultural research and educational facility to act as a catalyst for agricultural reintegration. The agricultural history of Zanzibar and its future potential became the underlining subject of the research and development framework proposed for the Chumbuni area. The site location and the programme will function as an incubator for local small industries, local farming and micro industries that will directly assist with increasing food security on the island. The Agricultural research and educational facility is therefore to become a structure that houses a number of beneficial programmes (focused on an educational and symbiotic relationship between industry and public). Public-funding driven cycles of basic education, agricultural education, physical practice and research thus have a platform to influence and be influenced by industry.
Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2015.
Architecture
MArch(Prof)
Unrestricted

From 1985-90, the Western Grain Research Foundation (WGRF) has continued to fund hybrid canola breeding research conducted by Dr. P.B.E. McVetty at the University of Manitoba. The research found that substantial yield increases over Regent were possible using the cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) system of pollination control to produce F1 hybrids. In addition, the research has resulted in students trained in hybrid canola breeding and a pool of genetic material and information for distribution to hybrid canola breeding programs. In 1988, the WGRF funded a study to estimate the benefits and costs to producers associated with hybrid canola breeding and to recommend a framework for assessing benefits and costs associated with subsequent project proposals. The results of a preliminary analysis are reported in a draft journal article. In general, previous models evaluating returns to agricultural research investment have focussed on the issue of social costs and returns. These models require modification for the WGRF case because the WGRF represents the private interests of agricultural producers. In this thesis, previous models and results are reviewed, modified and re-estimated using social criteria from a producer-investment perspective. Using the theory of producer and consumer surplus, the benefit/cost technique of evaluating returns to research is undertaken in addition to an estimation of canola supply and demand curves and analysis of actual producer costs and returns. Results indicate substantially higher benefits in comparison to costs for canola research at the University of Manitoba. Using the index number approach a favorable conservative benefit/cost ratio was obtained. Using a discount rate of 15 percent, sensitivity analysis of the results to economic and technical factors were positive with the lower limit of the range of benefit/cost ratio being over 1. An examination of the production practices of a select number of canola producers indicates low-cost producers will likely be positively affected by the newly developed variety. Additional research is required to more accurately estimate the benefits to producers over a longer time period to include the effects of low prices, unfavorable weather conditions, etc. Overall, the results indicate that producer-funded research provides substantial returns even when the benefit set is constrained to those attained within the producer sector.

碩士
國立中央大學
能源工程研究所
105
Graphene has many unique properties including high conductivity, transmittance and strength characteristics. There are many different processes to produce graphene. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is the best method among those processes to produce the high-quality graphene, however, the production of CVD wastes a lot of time. In this study, the graphene film is synthesized by rapid thermal process system in 40 minutes, compared to conventional CVD, it saves much time. Copper foil is the substrate in the high temperature (1070 oC) used for annealing. Temperatures, roughness of copper, the ratio of hydrogen/methane are the parameters affected graphene grain size. The best temperature to grow large grain graphene is 1070℃. Atomic force microscope reveals the reducing roughness (0.406nm) by chemical mechanical polishing(8.8V). The ratio of hydrogen/methane is also important to grow the grain size of graphene, the ratio of hydrogen/methane from 50 to 55 can increase the size of grain. optical microscope is adopted to know the appearance of the grain of graphene, then scanning electron microscope is used to observe the grain size of graphene. The results indicated that the increment of grain size from 4.295μm to 29.3μm (The temperature is 1070℃, 8.8V for chemical mechanical polishing, the ratio of hydrogen/methane is 55.) which is the biggest size in this study.

碩士
大同大學
工業設計學系(所)
94
ABSTRACT Canes are auxiliary utensils often used by common elders. In nature they must be light, handy to carry and easy to store. Throughout the period of rehabilitation, patients may get support from them and lean on them so that stability and safety could be enhanced while walking. But when elders are walking with a cane, it chances that they might lose balance because of the worn out of the cane pad. Or when walking over wet and slippery ground, owing to the inadequate anti-slippery of the cane pad, the elders might slip or tumble onto ground and get hurt. The purpose of this study is to improve the anti-slippery and anti-erosion effect and stability for the cane pads used by elders. It is expected that more suitable cane pads can be sought lest that elders might suffer the danger resulting from falling onto ground. Experiment 1: A set of questionnaire was passed to 25 participants who are over 65 years old. Stability, anti-erosion, solidity, and anti-slippery of 7 different cane pads were evaluated. By means of descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA, the results showed that foot pad with bigger and thicker rubber was given the highest appreciation. Experiment 2: Anti-erosion test of CNS3217 and Anti-slippery test with ASTM-D1894 Standard were adopted to measure the erosion and friction coefficients for 7 geometric-shaped lined pads. The measurements were statistically analyzed. Rubber material is the better material for anti-erosion and 1/4 round-shaped studded grain is the better material for anti-slippery effect. Experiment 3: 20 participants over 65 years old have attended the stability test of canes. The experimental conditions included the combinations of three ground surfaces: wood board, grazed tiles, and cement concrete; two cane handles: T shape and crook shape; three cane foot pads: 1/4 round-shaped studded grain, plain without grain, and non-pad; and two environments: dry and wet ground surfaces. The outcome of statistic analysis showed that T-shaped handle and 1/4 round-shaped studded grains have better stability. The subjective evaluation for cane pads showed the same conclusion. Based on aforementioned experimental conclusions, better material and pad grain for walking canes were found. Hopefully, by this study, more stability and more anti-slippery effect could be increased when elders are walking with canes, and most of personal damages caused by falling onto ground could be prevented. Hence walking safety for elders can be achieved. This study can be referred for multiple purposes by designers or manufacturers of canes as well. Key Word: anti-erosion, anti-slippery, cane, elder, cane pad, grain, stability

碩士
國立中興大學
農業機械工程學系
85
The value of sound pressure level(SPL) result from the continuousflowing rece grain varies with the moisture content and the flow droppingheight. The relationship between the moisture content of rice, the flow dropping height and the equivalent continuous sound pressure level (Leq) isestablished by regression analysis technique in this research. The regression equation then was served as the foundation the measurement for the on-linereal-time continuous acoustic rice grain moisture meter. The dry weight of therice grain was measured under the condition of 105 C,72 hours by the air oven. The result of the experiment indicated that Leq values have thesignificant relation with the flow dropping height and moisture content. By theregression of Leq on the dropping height and moisture content was established to obtain two predict models.1.Model A:Indirect model Leq values were serredas dependent variables, moisture content and dropping height values were serredas in dependent variables to established theregression model. The predict equation of M. C. then be transformed bythe algebra formula from the regression model.2. Model B:Direct model M. C. values were adopted as dependent variables, Leq and droping height values were served as independent variables. The prediction equationof M. C. then be established directly by regression technique. The values of the rice grain flow dropping height is ranged from 250mmto 550mm, and the rice grain moisture content is ranged from 12.6368(%) to25.3157(%). The validation data independent with the data set for modelestablished were used to compare the predictive performance of two models.The average absolute errors(Dave) of Model A was lower than those of Model B.The average relative error percentage values(Per) of Model A was more close to unity than those of Model B. The predictive performance of Model A was superior to Model B. By the continuous acoustic rice grain moisture meter which hasdeveloped in this reason. The variety of Taikeng No.1 rice grain. Therelationship of between the equivalent continuous sound presure level andmoisture content and dropping height was established the predict models ofmoisture content. They both have the good predictive performance. Themeasurement of the Leq for rice grain could be applied on the on-line real-time, in- situ measurement of the rice grain moisture meter.Keyword:rice grain, acoustic, moisture content, moisture meter.

碩士
國立成功大學
歷史學系碩博士班
99
This paper got Qing Dynasty government of state ,Gan ,Ning Nan and Ningdu Chihli‘s price raw data of rice from the "Qing Dynasty’s price of food database" . That established a time series of prices and through a reliable evaluation and repair missing values to analyze this time series of long-term trend and related analysis used by quantitative methods. Discussing the Gannan area’s degree of market integration supported by qualitative researching conclusion with qualitative historiography. The results of observing the long-term trend’s price of rice showed are up slowly by long-term trend. Exploring the relevance of price’s change from the historiography’s natural disaster records. The extreme price most happened with corresponding natural disasters.That is prove the extreme value doesn’t cause by artificial statistic. Observing the long-term trend’s price of rice showed the government of state Gan ,Ning Nan and Ningdu Chihli’s series of time change is very similar. That has already been confirmed indirectly Gannan area’s the rice market was showed the state of high integration that results get by correlation analytic method. The government of state Gan and Ning Nan’s related coefficient as high as 0.84. The government of state Gan and Ning Du Zhili’s related coefficient to 0.78. This two group’s coefficient close to 0.8 or more and the value are both positive correlations are showed they have close correlation. It mean the government of state Gan ,Ning Nan and Ningdu Chihli’s price of rice market have high integration could be regard as a same market region. Although the government of state Ning Nan and Ningdu Chihli’s related coefficient even low to 0.56 but could not regard they are not related. It verify that the government of state Gan ,Ning Nan and Ningdu Chihli in the Eighteenth century’s grain market is a high integration region by results from rice related analytic. Gannan area could be regard as a grain market region.

碩士
東南科技大學
營建科技與防災研究所
102
In recent years, Taipei, in the promotion of road level project, expected to go through a variety of ways to reduce traffic on the safety and avoid public life, property damage, this study aims to investigate the relevant graded porous asphalt concrete pore characteristics and analysis of different properties discuss the direction to improve the porosity of the pavement to give appropriate recommendations for future reference. Level used in this study with reference to Europe FHWA, NCAT, Japan drainage pavement design specifications and North American states are graded, selected, plus asphalt high strength, making porous asphalt concrete specimen, followed by conducting permeability test, pore test and other test rate, the analysis of various physical parameters gradation correlation value table and graph features, to evaluate the effectiveness of various countries are not at the same level with permeable porous asphalt concrete. Therefore, the test results should be considered in order to avoid flooding porosity when it rains, because the amount of rainfall, but not readily penetrate to the bottom of the water, resulting in lower permeability function, and even cause water to use passers safety is at risk.

碩士
國立臺中教育大學
數學教育學系在職進修教學碩士學位班
99
In this research observes，the child when carries on mathematics writing, can penetrate mathematics writing attribute concrete question situation,the province thinks of mathematics concept which again oneself construct, and will further be related the concept to link, because of mathematics writing's assistance, the child can also smooth express own idea, and enhances the confidence which shares with the associates, in the teaching the multi-attempt mathematics writing's experience, stable has the help regarding the fraction concept. By instructs the schoolchild to carry on mathematics writing the process, the researcher discovered that mathematics writing method the use, is helpful to the fraction teaching. So as to the summary, mathematics writing except lets the child the understanding concept, and does not have the pressure outside the expression self-opinion, can also provide the teacher to transmit the concept, understood that the child studies the condition the way. If mathematics teacher can the suitable utilization mathematics writing, believe that has very much regarding the teaching is of help, the researcher hoped that by this time experience, except can promote own teaching techniques and research ability, but can also further utilize mathematics writing other mathematics concept in the teaching.

碩士
長庚大學
電機工程研究所
89
The main body of this paper was with regard to the combination of two kinds of tunable erbium-doped fiber grating lasers by the 980nm laser diode light and the two kinds of optical cavities which were formed at the two sides of erbium-doped fiber separately by Gaussian-apodized and superstructure fiber grating. To focus on the uniform and superstructure fiber gratings, we used computer to simulate their reflection spectrums and regard the peak-wavelengths of these two reflection spectrums as two lasers' output wavelengths which separately have the optical cavity formed by Gaussian-apodized and superstructure fiber grating. Besides, focusing on the two lasers' output wavelengths, we also simulated the relative strain sensitivity of these two wavelengths and they were separately 1.2 and 0.8 . In facts, the apodized fiber grating laser have output wavelength was 1537.80, the linewidth was 0.1nm, the power was about 0.1mW, the wavelength tunable range according to strain was 0.9nm and the relative wavelength-strain sensitivity was 0.715 . As for the produced superstructure fiber grating laser, its optical cavity was formed by the superstructure fiber grating which has two peak-reflecting-wavelengths at the two sides of erbium-doped fiber. This laser can produce two beams of laser which have different wavelengths at the same time and the wavelengths were 1550.840nm and 1552.360nm, the linewidthes were both 0.06nm, and the total power was about 0.63mW.

碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
工程技術研究所
82
It is necessary that each phase of building construction process should have a prefect related information about con- struction material and operating system prepared for the capital investor, designer, construction consignee, con- struction material manufacturer and managing director to be using in different architectural production process. In the meantime, it enables each role to match with one another during operation practice of architecture, so as to reach the goal of saving cost and keeping higher quality. Thus, the thesis, through the research of operating framework of building material grading, expects to achieve the aim of architectural production rationalization and eco- nomization. First of all, the study was concentrated on the defini- tion of standard classification of building material, according to the analysis of related construction standard such as CNS ( Chinese National Standard ), ASTM ( American Society for Testing and Materials ) and JIS ( Japanese In- dustrial Standard ), then, setting up an system of building material grading, and using the samples of stone and tiles for grading explanation. Secondly, based on the currently domestic state of the managing system of construction mate- rial, and the problems such as normative document (standard, technical specification, code of practice and regulation), building material manufacturing, architectural production and the system of evaluation and inspection, associated with the methodology of implementation of the standard classification of building material in architectural prac- tice were analyzed, and advancing the whole operating framework of building material grading.

碩士
長庚大學
機械工程學系
104
Endovascular repair for mycotic aortic aneurysm is a less invasive alternative to open surgery, although placement of a stent-graft in an infected environment remains controversial. In this study, we developed hybrid biodegradable vancomycin-eluting nanofiber-loaded endovascular prostheses and evaluated the release of antibiotics both in vitro and in vivo. Antibiotic-eluting nanofibers were fabricated by first dissolving poly(D,L)-lactide-co-glycolide and vancomycin in 1,1,1,3,3,3- hexafluoro-2-propanol, which was then electrospun into nanofibrous tubes. The tubes were then mounted onto commercially available stent-grafts and bare metal stents. The in vitro release rates of the pharmaceuticals from the nanofibers are characterized using a 3-D printed artificial aorta and a circulation model. The experimental results suggested that the biodegradable nanofibers released high concentrations of vancomycin (well above the MIC90) for 30 days. The in vivo delivery of vancomycin was examined by implanting nanofibers loaded metal stents in rabbit aortas. The measured results suggested that the nanofibers released high concentrations of vancomycin for 8 weeks in vivo. The proposed biodegradable vancomycin-eluting nanofibers/stent grafts significantly contribute to achieve local and sustainable delivery of anti-microbial agents at infected arterial walls, and may provide potential applications in the treatment of infected aortic aneurysm.

碩士
逢甲大學
經營管理碩士在職學位學程
106
The research case of this thesis - Jia Shide International Co., Ltd., specializes in the import and export of cereals. At present, the domestically-purchased cereals include white rice, brown rice, germ rice, black rice, millet, red rice, and red barley. Various types of goods are sold in the market. Foreign grain acquisitions are currently being made in Swaziland Ranch as organic white rice, preparing for advanced sales to Taiwan for a sale; for export cereals, there are currently no fixed orders and quantities (Taiwan has export controls)! The main acquisition of cereals is in the eastern region. Only a handful of cereals and special specifications were purchased in the west. At present, there are two rice mills in Taitung to supply the current orders! Taiwan's cereal grain merchants need to make changes to their own development, from the original government's protection of the agricultural industry to the opening up of market trade, and the competition of various cereals in various countries. Study the problem of the case to analyze its strategy and solution with five forces as follows: A. Existing competitors (competitive) a. Own rice mills - Dapan Grain Merchants (a well-known private label) emphasize its brand differentiation and uniqueness. b. Own Rice Mills - Dapan Grain Merchants (no well-known brands), focusing on "brand" rather than output! B. Alternatives (threat) a. Instead of cereals, staple cereal products such as wheat products—flour, noodles, and bread, etc., and potato and other root and stem foods are used as substitutes for cereals, and a variety of cereal products are introduced. C. Consumers (bargaining power) a. Taiwan's domestic rice and rice crops, prices vary across the country, leading to spreads, so that the brand image of good rice without contaminating the origin of production,! b. Imported rice and rice crops, grain imports from all over the world, emphasizing that the superiority of the quality of agricultural products produced in Taiwan is greater than the added value of spreads. D. Suppliers (bargaining power) a. The price of the transaction between farmers and rice mills will change due to the two major factors of harvest and market, and a reasonable negotiation and communication with rice mills. b. The costs incurred by the rice plant from the acquisition of the rice raw materials by the farmers to the processing process, the packaging process accounts for 5% of the total cost, and the control can control the cost. c. The cost of goods sold outside of the raw materials, such as bags, cartons, shipping, and management costs, etc. The method of reducing the rate of change is to enter into mid- and long-term contracts with upstream manufacturers! E. Potential competitors (threat) a. The new brand of grain merchants - implemented from the aspect of strengthening the brand and making good customer service, highlighted the superiority of the product brand of this case! b. The rise of the “small-scale farming economy” that is prevalent in emerging markets reinforces the case that this case is a large-scale and quality packaging process. It is to make the difference superior to the small-scale farming economy! The transformation of medium-sized grain merchants The biggest focus of large-scale grain merchants is to “brandize” grain merchants, bring their business concepts into the brand, and deepen their positive brand image impressions. Furthermore, to promote the depth and breadth of the brand, they can also respond to open-class operations. Direction, as a two-way convection between import and export!

(1,3;1,4)-β-Glucans, which have many health benefits, represent the major cell wall component in barley endosperm. There have been a number of studies that have altered the amount of (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in the grain, however, the effects of modifying (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan on various carbohydrate metabolic pathways and its impact on grain development have not previously been clearly defined. Here, we used transgenic grain with increased (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan and a (1,3;1,4)-β-glucanless (bgl) mutant (OUM125) supplied by Professor K. Sato (Okayama University), to investigate the link between carbohydrate metabolism and grain development in hull-less barley. Hull-less barley was investigated as it is more suitable for food use due to absence of maternal (husk) tissues. High (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan barley grain (cv Torrens) was successfully generated by over-expressing HvCslF6, via agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Transgenic grain had up to 70% more (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan than the wild type. Examination of developing transgenic grain revealed a large fluid filled cavity in the endosperm, which resulted in shrunken grain at maturity. The endosperm transfer region of the developing grain was ruptured by 10 days after pollination (DAP), which became more pronounced through development. Quantitative real-time PCR (QPCR) analysis uncovered genes related to cell wall, starch, sucrose and fructan biosynthesis that were differentially expressed across grain development. Starch metabolic genes were downregulated in the early storage phase and the fructan biosynthetic gene, 6-SFT, was upregulated during the later storage phase. Increased amounts of sucrose and fructan were found in the cavity and endosperm tissue of the transgenic grain. The link between altered sugar homeostasis, the large endosperm cavity and the poorly formed endosperm transfer region in transgenic grain was explored by immuno-histochemical microscopy. Cell walls in the endosperm transfer region were poorly formed and variations occurred in the abundance of mannan polysaccharides. Additionally, the development of both the subaleurone and aleurone layers were altered with regards to cell number, shape and position. To further understand the relationship between cell wall, starch and fructan metabolism in barley, transcript profiles of genes related to their metabolism were examined in the (1,3;1,4)- β-glucanless OUM125 mutant. Inactive CSLF6 synthase activity in OUM125 resulted in upregulation of the CslH1 gene from 19 DAP, resulting in traces of BG1 antibody labelling in the mutant pericarp. Other cell wall-related genes including CslF3, CslF7, CslF10, CesA2, CesA3 and Gsl2 were upregulated from 15 DAP in the mutant grain. Deposition of arabinoxylan, callose and cellulose was altered in the absence of (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in the mutant endosperm. QPCR analysis identified changes in the expression of starch and fructan biosynthetic genes during the storage phase. At grain maturity, sucrose and fructan contents had increased, while the amount of starch remained unchanged. Research findings from this project provide fundamental knowledge about carbon partitioning in grain across development and suggest that small changes in polysaccharide synthesis and deposition can have significant effects on other metabolic processes important for correct grain development. While decreasing the amount of (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in the barley endosperm had a low impact on grain morphology and carbon partitioning, significantly increasing the (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan content had major deleterious effects on a number of key processes.
Thesis (Ph.D.) (Research by Publication) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2018

碩士
東南科技大學
機械工程研究所
104
Taiwan middle bus transfer number since 2005 the first-time beyond new car s license number, so far ten years middle vehicle market scale is expanding constantly, and new car sales data gap is more and more big, which 2005 middle bus transfer number up to 82.5 million scale, and in recent years middle bus transfer number has reached more than 2 times the new car sales figures, showing consumers middle vehicle accept) a is higher than before the trend, also caused new car brand car factory and automobile group of middle car market attention. Early Taiwan middle car market under the regulations system is not perfect, there are serious information asymmetric problems, resulting in many disputes in the transaction, the consumer's rights and benefit can not be protected. Since the middle car business quality in atrazine is Qi, plus middle car industry and did not set up official type of public set assessment agencies, in no uniform quality standards available to follow, to practicable quality management very difficult. Less parameter not Shaw middle car business only to is figure, ignoring the consumer's rights and we should pay more attention to consumer safety, illegal selling accident vehicle, soaked it, alter it... Etc. problem of vehicles, resulting in consumers of medieval vehicles have not trust and not safe sense, hinder has middle car market is often the development of. In recent years, many new car brand car factory and automobile group have been put into middle car market business, and actively and participated in the middle car industry operation and development. This study will for a new form of business model (such as: middle bus alliances, brand authentication middle cars and auction, etc.) in this analysis, from the establishment of motivation, purpose, business model, competitive strategy and competitive advantage. , find out not with the business model advantages and disadvantages, role play in the whole middle bus operation of the market mechanism, and the whole middle car market development impact, hope from the current business model to find new opportunities and to provide a middle car industry is not to the development of reference.

碩士
東南科技大學
營建與空間設計系營建科技與防災碩士班
106
In recent years, due to the global warming in Taiwan, extreme weather conditions have emerged and rainfall patterns have changed. As a result, the frequency of heavy rainfalls has increased. To address the frequent waterlogging and reduce the load on the drainage system, Taiwan has actively introduced porous materials into the pavement in recent years. We hope to improve traffic safety and water conservation by using porous materials. The gradations used in this study refer to FHWA and NCAT in Europe, the specifications of drainage pavement design in Japan and the grading rules of each state in North America. Using high-strength modified asphalt, the porous asphalt concrete specimens were prepared, and the water permeability test, porosity test And other tests, analysis of various gradation physical parameter correlation value chart and characteristics of the relationship between the map to assess the different levels of different countries with water-permeable asphalt concrete pervious to water. After gradation adjustment, the values of four parameters of porous asphalt concrete gradation, such as volume porosity, interconnected porosity, effective porosity ratio and permeability coefficient, have been significantly improved, which effectively improves the drainage effect and helps to understand the material properties and help the materials Design choice.

碩士
國立臺灣藝術大學
造形藝術研究所
96
The breathtaking, mesmerizing geological wonder chiseled by Mother Nature – the Taroko Gorge, is critically acclaimed around the world for her majestic grandeur and splendor. There are few splash painting artists in Taiwan that have not visited the Taroko Gorge. The author, blessed with geological convenience, is able to traverse in the painting-like mountainous landscape and water to take in and observe in detail the natural wonderment and whimsy embedded in the patterns and crevasses of the stonewalls. Captured in the expansive peaks and summits is a majestic air of tumbling molten larva, permeating in the rolling mountain ridges. Plainly on view are totems of water ripples carved into the river bedrocks. And abundant on view are more than the grind marks and pit marks left behind from what seems an eternity of solitude and desolation. When faced with such unadulterated natural stone patterns and flows of unparalleled beauty, the author has chosen to detach from the confine of the conventional paintbrush techniques but rather taken to the blotting technique’s embodying the tangible and intangible and blending the transgression and the transformation, to depict the nature in a natural approach, and to derive a series of creations. The focal points of the thesis’s assertions are as follows, Chapter I – covers an introduction, which encompasses the study motive and objectives, the scope and content of the study, and study methodology. Chapter II – covers the Taroko Gorge’s geological formation and expansion chronology Section I describes the Taroko Gorge’s cannon landscape comprising of tall mountains and winding water flows, and covers the formation and landscape of the Taroko Gorge’s river terraces, mountain ridges, creeks and streams, cannons and the like, citing from archival descriptions. Section II covers the expansion chronology of the Taroko Gorge National Park, and explores, through archival documentation, the Chang Tsuen waterfalls, park-touring buses, the expansion that separates pedestrian and vehicle traffics, the excavation of the tunnel works, the development and attractions of the various hiking trials, i.e.. the Riverside hiking trail, Sand Embankment hiking trail, Plum Blossom hiking trail, Lotus pond hiking trial, White Birth hiking trail. Chapter III – covers the Taroka Gorge’s painting emotion Section I explores the Taroka Gorge’s paintability by incorporating what the author has captured of the representative and artistic scenic attractions deep into the Taroka Gorge with text descriptions, and by comparing the Taroka Gorge’s paintability with famous paintings, including water flow-chiseled marbleized rocks, the White Birch Waterfalls marked by a three-increment drop, the Nine-turn Cave chiseled by nature, the bushing Torrential Rain Waterfalls, the scarred stonewalls, natural springs and subterranean rivers. Section II offers an artwork appreciation of the Taroka Gorge by renowned Mainland painters residing in Taiwan, and as confined by the study’s layout, a description is given to the select four major painters of Chang Dachien, Chang Gunien, Fu Juanfu and Jiang Zhaoshen. Chapter IV – covers the artistic creation concepts, which encompass: I. The revelations of the Chinese painting’s characteristics, which include the Taoism philosophy, the Zen painting art, renowned painters over time, and contemporary painters. II. The inspiration of the symbolism. III. The inspiration of the modernity of contemporary splash painting. Chapter V - the peripheral creative elements Section I covers the extension of stone patterns and lines, and describe how the author has evolved from the linear nature of the stone patterns and flows to project the stone patterns’ painting emotion using the plotting technique, which more than manifest the intangible elements of nature, but the blotting technique’s crinkly natural and romantic approach further adds a artistic and objective touch, complete with the author’s graphic illustration for describing the plotting techniques. Section II covers the extension of stone textures and stone colors, as the varied composition of the stones and rocks in various sections and environment along the Taroko Gorge have given birth to an infinite variety of boulders, rocks and stone patterns, where the author deploys the blotting colored painting technique in the creation of ambience in whose painting works by adopting a free-flow approach. Chapter VI – An introduction to the artwork creations, which groups the author’s artworks largely into the two creation categories of “Appreciating the Taroko Gorge” and “The peripheries of the Stone Patterns and Flows”, and presents a description for each of the artwork series. Chapter VII – the conclusion, which describes the author’s reflection of whose painting creations and self-anticipations.

碩士
國立成功大學
航空太空工程學系碩博士班
101
In recent years, hybrid rocket attracts intensive research and application attentions in space propulsion in the new era. It is used not only for civil and atmospherical survey, but also for verifying scientific and technical payloads in sounding rocket programs. Hybrid rockets combine the advantages of solid and liquid rockets and avoid their shortcomings of un-throttlable and store problems of solid and liquid problems respectively so that it becomes a cost-effective, and safe alternative to the traditional rockets. Upon these advantages, hybrid rockets still suffer from the problems of low regression rate and lower specific impulse (Isp). There are some solutions to these problems, including adopting swirling injector, changing the fuel ingredient, modifying the port geometry and mixing with energetic additives. In this research, the micro aluminum powder is added into the 50P (containing 50% HTPB and 50% paraffin) fuel grain, and surfactant is utilized to disperse the powder in the fuel grain. Also, the swirling injector for liquid oxidizer (N2O) is used to increase the regression rate. In the experiment, a small metal case of 35mm x 27mm is used to prime the fuel grain, and the fuel grain is cut into five equal parts in longitudinal and three equal parts in circumferential directions to examine the uniformity of the powder dispersion in the fuel grain. And then, by measuring the density, the dispersion uniformity can be estimated and the optimal Al/surfactant (span-85) ratio is found to be 5:1 in the cases of current study. The performance of the hybrid rocket propellant grains with optimal ratio of alumina powder is then compared with that without alumina powder. In order to acquire the chamber pressure and thrust for the performance, the fuel grains are integrated into the motor for hot fire tests. The Isp (specific impulse), equivalent ratio, oxidizer flux and the regression rate are measured and calculated. Between 250kg/m2-sec and 400kg/m2-sec of the oxidizer flux, the regression rate of metalized fuel and non-metallized fuel are and , respectively. According to the results, when the oxidizer flux is 370 kg/m2-s, the regression rate of metalized fuel grain increases about 40% comparing with the plain 50P fuel grain. Also, the equivalent ratio is increased and the erosion in the nozzle is reduced. The characteristic curve for the thrust with respect to oxidizer flux reduced from the experimental results will become a useful database and reference for the future development of metalized hybrid rocket.

碩士
國立臺灣藝術大學
造形藝術研究所
96
The breathtaking, mesmerizing geological wonder chiseled by Mother Nature – the Taroko Gorge, is critically acclaimed around the world for her majestic grandeur and splendor. There are few splash painting artists in Taiwan that have not visited the Taroko Gorge. The author, blessed with geological convenience, is able to traverse in the painting-like mountainous landscape and water to take in and observe in detail the natural wonderment and whimsy embedded in the patterns and crevasses of the stonewalls. Captured in the expansive peaks and summits is a majestic air of tumbling molten larva, permeating in the rolling mountain ridges. Plainly on view are totems of water ripples carved into the river bedrocks. And abundant on view are more than the grind marks and pit marks left behind from what seems an eternity of solitude and desolation. When faced with such unadulterated natural stone patterns and flows of unparalleled beauty, the author has chosen to detach from the confine of the conventional paintbrush techniques but rather taken to the blotting technique’s embodying the tangible and intangible and blending the transgression and the transformation, to depict the nature in a natural approach, and to derive a series of creations. The focal points of the thesis’s assertions are as follows, Chapter I – covers an introduction, which encompasses the study motive and objectives, the scope and content of the study, and study methodology. Chapter II – covers the Taroko Gorge’s geological formation and expansion chronology Section I describes the Taroko Gorge’s cannon landscape comprising of tall mountains and winding water flows, and covers the formation and landscape of the Taroko Gorge’s river terraces, mountain ridges, creeks and streams, cannons and the like, citing from archival descriptions. Section II covers the expansion chronology of the Taroko Gorge National Park, and explores, through archival documentation, the Chang Tsuen waterfalls, park-touring buses, the expansion that separates pedestrian and vehicle traffics, the excavation of the tunnel works, the development and attractions of the various hiking trials, i.e.. the Riverside hiking trail, Sand Embankment hiking trail, Plum Blossom hiking trail, Lotus pond hiking trial, White Birth hiking trail. Chapter III – covers the Taroka Gorge’s painting emotion Section I explores the Taroka Gorge’s paintability by incorporating what the author has captured of the representative and artistic scenic attractions deep into the Taroka Gorge with text descriptions, and by comparing the Taroka Gorge’s paintability with famous paintings, including water flow-chiseled marbleized rocks, the White Birch Waterfalls marked by a three-increment drop, the Nine-turn Cave chiseled by nature, the bushing Torrential Rain Waterfalls, the scarred stonewalls, natural springs and subterranean rivers. Section II offers an artwork appreciation of the Taroka Gorge by renowned Mainland painters residing in Taiwan, and as confined by the study’s layout, a description is given to the select four major painters of Chang Dachien, Chang Gunien, Fu Juanfu and Jiang Zhaoshen. Chapter IV – covers the artistic creation concepts, which encompass: I. The revelations of the Chinese painting’s characteristics, which include the Taoism philosophy, the Zen painting art, renowned painters over time, and contemporary painters. II. The inspiration of the symbolism. III. The inspiration of the modernity of contemporary splash painting. Chapter V - the peripheral creative elements Section I covers the extension of stone patterns and lines, and describe how the author has evolved from the linear nature of the stone patterns and flows to project the stone patterns’ painting emotion using the plotting technique, which more than manifest the intangible elements of nature, but the blotting technique’s crinkly natural and romantic approach further adds a artistic and objective touch, complete with the author’s graphic illustration for describing the plotting techniques. Section II covers the extension of stone textures and stone colors, as the varied composition of the stones and rocks in various sections and environment along the Taroko Gorge have given birth to an infinite variety of boulders, rocks and stone patterns, where the author deploys the blotting colored painting technique in the creation of ambience in whose painting works by adopting a free-flow approach. Chapter VI – An introduction to the artwork creations, which groups the author’s artworks largely into the two creation categories of “Appreciating the Taroko Gorge” and “The peripheries of the Stone Patterns and Flows”, and presents a description for each of the artwork series. Chapter VII – the conclusion, which describes the author’s reflection of whose painting creations and self-anticipations.

碩士
淡江大學
水資源及環境工程學系碩士班
94
At present, incineration is the major treatment way of the municipal solid waste in Taiwan, while it produced large amount of ash and residuals should be handled carefully. Bottom ash was usually recovered as the aggregates of construction engineering in many developed countries, but the heavy metals are not stable enough in the field, it will influence the value during the recovering and reusing. This study is aim to explore the feasibility to regenerate the lightweight aggregate by sintering of the coarse grain of MSWI bottom ash, in order to stabilize the heavy metals and increase the reusing value of bottom ash. Bottom ash was extracted twice by water, sieved with 200# mesh (0.074mm) to separate the coarse grain form fine grain. The former was milled to particle size less then 8 mm, while the later was using as the adjuvant agent during the experiment. Foaming agent (SiO2、Fe2O3) were added in different proportion relatively, and 5% fine grain was blended into coarse grain, pressed to form pellet manually, and then sintering at 1100oC. The result showed that, addition of 0.1~0.4 g Fe2O3 into 10 g coarse grain could generate lightweight aggregate with density less then 1.6 g/cm3, compressive strength greater then 100 kgf/cm2, while addition of 1~ 2.5 g SiO2 and few Fe2O3 can generate better product with density less then 1.6 g/cm3, water absorption less then 10%, and compressive strength greater then 175 kgf/cm2. These products all satisfied the criteria of high-strength aggregate, which could be used in the structural lightweight concrete. Light-weight aggregate sintering with 5% fine grain bottom ash can be sintered to lower density, but has higher water absorption rate. In conclusion, sintering of high-strength aggregate with coarse grain MSWI bottom ash after proper pretreatment and blending is feasible; it could elevate the safety and vale of the product evidently during the management of ashes

碩士
國立彰化師範大學
特殊教育學系所
94
The purpose of this study was to exam the interpersonal relationships of students with learning disabilities in different grades and this current conditions with families, teachers and peers. Subjects of research were students with learning disabilities from elementary to senior high school in the central areas of Taiwan-Taichung city, Taichung county, Chunghwa county and Nantou county. The research instrument was “Interpersonal Relationships Questionnaire” developed by the researcher. Three hundred and four subjects participated in this study. All those information had been dealt and analyzed by the method of descriptive statistics, T-test, one-way ANOVA. The qualitative analysis is used to complement the quantitative analysis which is participated by 12 volunteer students with learning disabilities. The results of this study were summarized as following: 1. Regarding of the interpersonal relationships, there were no significant differences between variables (gender, grade, regions of school). 2. With regard to three-dimensional of interpersonal relationships, there was a significant divergence between two different gender in “inclusion”, as for other domains (“control “and “affection”), there were no significant difference among the variables (gender, grade, regions of school). 3. In grades of the elementary school, the junior high school and the senior high school, there were no significances between these variables (gender and regions of school) in the whole scale. Thus, recommendations were offered concerning the implications of these findings for interpersonal relationships and future researches. Keyword: student with learning disabilities, interpersonal relationship.

碩士
銘傳大學
設計管理研究所碩士在職專班
99
“The textbook” compiled by the characters or graphs guides the study to the students and the teaching contents of the teachers. It contains the needs of each kind of discipline, the rigorous structural design system, fitting in with the process of teaching and studying and may do for the learning basis and the tool books to help students memorizing. In each phase, the textbook regarding as one of the important teaching materials used extensively by the junior high school and the elementary school students. Obviously the achievements of teaching and learning are outstanding. When laying out, what kind of design the publishers emphasize and what pros and cons they transmit knowledge as well as organize teaching materials. These are the main motive and goal of this research. Expecting this achievement can be the reference to improve the layout of the textbooks. The main research method divides into two stages：First, the researcher analyzed the arrangement of the layout and the rules of the design by the literature reviews, and chose the representative edition subjects. Second, having a questionnaire to the higher grades schoolchild and data collections, investigating “the user`s preference”﹑“the readability” and the different layout, then carrying on the difference comparison and the statistical analysis.

碩士
臺北巿立體育學院
競技運動訓練研究所
100
The purpose of this study was to investigate the statistical characteristics and training satisfaction of badminton athletes with different background variables in Taipei. “Training Satistaction of Badminton Athletes in Taipei Scale” was utilized for the investigation, and convenient sampling was used for obtaining the valid questionnaires. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, T-test, and reapeated measure one-way ANOVA. The results were as follows: 1. The total mean score of the training satisfaction was above the middle level revealing a good condition of training satisfaction. 2. No significant differences were found in total training satisfaction and all subscales among athletes with different background variables including gender, school classification, grade, training days per week, academic scores, student-athlete class, years of badminton experience, and academic counseling or remedial teaching. 3. Significant differences were found in total training satisfaction and all subscales among athletes with different athletic performance.

碩士
國立清華大學
教育與學習科技學系
106
The purpose of this study was using classicin thematic reading course for lower grades. The research method was Action Research. Researchers use classical integration to read design a series of literacy teaching activities perform a two-cycle reading course. In Miaoli County happy country small Qiaoqiao class teaching. Practical teaching process from September 2005 to November 2005, for a total of 8 weeks. During the course of the study, the classroom was observed, teaching thought, student works, file collection qualitative information. Supplemented by literacy estimation test quantitative data for comprehensive analysis. Finally, the conclusion of the synthesis is summarized as follows： 1. Theme-based reading teaching is viable, the theme of choice should be linked to life experience and class status of students, and then select the appropriate theme for the classic classics, the number of words to meet the low grade level. 2. For the topic of classical reading teaching, you can first read through the picture book and then introduce the classic classics in addition to the general recitation, you can picture books and classic links guide students to understand reading. 3. Thematic reading of classical literacy teaching, teachers need to use different strategies to guide students literacy, but also to encourage students to develop their own literacy learning strategies. 4. Thematic reading instruction can effectively enhance the literacy skills of the entire class, with the most advanced among the low-group students. 5. Thematic reading instruction can effectively enhance students' concentration performance. 6. Thematic classic reading teaching action research process, to promote self-reflection of teachers and professional growth. At last, researchers discuss and make recommendations based on the findings, as a teacher, future researchers, school administration, city counseling members of the reference.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
農藝學研究所
98
Taiwan is one of the lowest latitude zones where Japonica type rice is mostly cultivated. Japonica type rice adapts to temperate climate like Japan and Korea, where has a long grain filling period and suitable grain filling temperature lower than 25℃. In resent years, the warming trend of global climate change has became a significant phenomena, it will impact Taiwan’s rice yield. The warm climate of Taiwan may lead to a lower yield and quality than other traditional Japonica type rice culture regions. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change（IPCC）indicated that global warming was apparent and getting severe. Thus, there will be a strict challenge on rice cultivation in Taiwan. It is important to improve the agricultural practice against the future warming climate. 　　To understand the relationship between the yields/quality of two prevailing rice cultivars of Hualien district（Taikeng 2 and Kaohsiung 139）and climate factors, two year-round cultivation experiment with 7 and 8 culture periods were conducted in 2008 and 2009 respectively. The results revealed that the designed different culture periods covered with different accumulated temperature, daily mean temperature, daily maximum temperature and daily minimum temperature. The temperature after heading for crop transplanted in late February was highest, and for the one transplanted in middle August was the lowest among the all culture periods. The most sensitive period of temperature was within 15 days after heading. The temperature of this periods affected yields, grain appearance qualities and eating qualities. Rising temperature after heading significantly decreased panicle number and grain sterility in Taikeng 2（TK2） rather than in Kaohsiung 139（KH139）. For grain appearance qualities, significant negative correlations were found between whole kernel ratio and daily mean temperature/maximum temperature/minimum temperature of the period within15 days after heading in both two varieties. On the contrary, the correlation of opaque kernel ratio showed positive correlation with the temperature. For eating qualities, rising of temperature of within 15 days after heading decreased the accumulation of amylose. Finally, high temperature increased the eating qualities of TK2 by decreasing amylose contend. KH139 in general showed a higher stability than did the TK2. 　　The results of this research revealed the correlation between high temperature and rice yields/qualities of two most common cultivars in Hualien region. The present results are valuable for designing appropriate culture practice and for breeding new adaptive varieties in coping with climate change.